#Korean Grammar

[koreanling]

Korean Prepositions

위: on/above 안: in 속: inside, among

밖: outside 밑: under/beneath 아래: under/beneath 앞: in front 뒤: behind

왼쪽: left 오른쪽: right

건너편: across from

사이: between 가운데:in the middle 옆: next to 근처: near

한국어 교과서는 책상 위에 있어요: The Korean textbook is on the desk 그의 강아지는 소파 아래에 있어요: His puppy is under the sofa 고양이는 제 서랍 안에 숨어 있었어요: The cat was hiding in my drawer

[kippeo]

I'm a frog 🐸

난 개구리야.

In Korean there are few ways to say "I" depending on particle and polite speech level.

The most intimate used only among close friends and family, younger people than us or our subordinates is to say about yourself as

나+ -은/는 (particle) ➡️ 나는 (난 abbreviated form)

나+ -이/가 (particle) ➡️ 내가

On the other hand, when someone is older than us, is higher in the "hierarchy" (workplace, school) or we want to keep our conversation more polite and more respectful or we aren't so close (strangers) with each other, is better to use:

저+ -이/가 (particle) ➡️ 제가

저+ -은/는 (particle) ➡️ 저는 (전 abbreviated form)

Abbreviated forms like 난 or 전 are often used in colloquial speech. Particles can be omitted (but only in colloquial speech) and we say just 나 or 저

However, when we say 저 without any particles, this can have another meaning like "over there".

[honeyhangukeo]

some more words related through Hanja characters:

If you don't know what Hanja is, it refers to the Chinese-derived words of the Korean language. Pretty much half of Korean comes from originally Chinese words (and therefore will share pronunciation similarities with actual Chinese) and the rest is pure Korean.

Just like Latin and Greek is to English (e.g. aqua- hydro- indicate relation to 'water'), we can remember some Hanja to make semantic links between words in Korean.

The majority of Korean people's names have Hanja equivalents and could be written out in Chinese (sometimes required on official documents) and will be chosen by their parents based on the traditional semantic meaning. However, in the last few decades more Korean people are giving their kids pure Korean names with nice meanings such as 사��, 보라, 하나, 하늘, 진주. More on Korean names in a future post!

Anyway, on with some semantic Hanja word links.

Marriage related words - 혼

결혼 - marriage

이혼 - divorce

약혼 - engagement (does the 약 part also seem familiar? It's the same 약 in 약속 - promise, and 예약 - appointment.)

기혼 - married (as in the person's status)

미혼 - unmarried, single

water related words - 수

수달 - otter

생수 - drinking/fresh water

수상 스키 - water ski (상 is a Hanja meaning 'above')

홍수 - flood

호수 - lake

school related words - 학 and 교

학교 - school

학생 - student

교복 - school uniform (your probably know what Hanbok is right? 한 - Korea 복 - clothing. That's the same 복.)

교육 - education

middle related words - 중

중국 - China (국 is the character used in country names)

중학교 - middle school

중급 - middle/intermediate level

중 - medium size (might see on a menu with portion options)

beauty related words - 미

미국 - the U.S.

미녀 - beautiful woman

미용실 - beauty salon/hairdressers

people related words - 인

인간 - human

~인 - person from ~ country (a Korean, a Brit, a German etc)

인생 - life

인기 - popularity

인사 - greeting

인삼 - ginseng (so called because the root resembles a person)

개인 - personal, private

주인 - owner

부인 - wife

female related words - 여/녀

여신 - goddess

미녀 - beautiful woman

마녀 - witch

그녀 - she

여성 - female

소녀 - girl (소 is another Hanja meaning small)

[a-pop-of-korean]

K-Pop Breakdown: "흐린 가을 하늘에 편지를 써" by 김광석

여러분 안녕하세요! I recently got a request to breakdown this song, so here it finally is! You can find the Korean lyrics and listen to the song here, and I also referred to this page and Naver Dictionary to help me out with the English translations.

Vocabulary

비가 내리다 = to rain; rain falls

둘러싸다 = surround; encircle

숨결 = breath

떨치다 = to shake off; to break free from

잊혀지다 = to be forgotten

접어놓다 = to put away

창문 = Window

흐리다 = overcast; murky; cloudy

가을 = autumn

편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter

바람이 불다 = wind blows

유혹하다 = to entice; to lure

Grammar

비가 내리면 음… 나를 둘러싸는 / 시간의 숨결이 떨쳐질까?

When it rains... will I break free from the breath of time that surrounds me?

-(으)면: If/When

Attach this to a verb stem to mean "if/when [verb]." 비가 내리면 means "if/when it rains."

-는

When attached to a verb stem, -는 turns a verb into its present-tense noun-modifying form. In other words, it allows you to describe nouns using verbs, like the way we use the word "that" in English. 나를 둘러싸는 시간의 숨결 means "the breath of the time that surrounds me." 둘러싸다 describes the noun, 시간의 숨결.

-(으)ㄹ까

This structure has a couple of different meanings, but in this case, it is used essentially to wonder out loud. The speaker is asking if he will break free from what entraps him.

난 책을 접어놓으며 창문을 열어 / 흐린 가을 하늘에 편지를 써 / 음…잊혀져간 꿈들을 다시 만나고 파

I set aside my book and open the window / I write a letter in the cloudy autumn sky...I want to meet the forgotten dreams again.

-(으)며

This structure is one way to say "and," although it can be translated differently as well. It can mean "while," as in, "while putting aside my book I open the window" too.

-고 파

This is a shortened version of -고 싶다, which means "to want [to do something]." 만나고 파 means "I want to meet [someone/something]."

That's about it for this breakdown--thanks for reading and thanks to the anon for your patience with this request! Check out my other breakdowns here and feel free to request any other song that I haven't done yet! See you in the next lesson! 화이팅!

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[koreannook]

Hangul: consonants.

2024년 7월 25일

안녕하세요 여러분!

Today, we will start learning the hangul consonants.

ㄱ {giyeok - g/k}

ㄴ {niun - n}

ㄷ {digut - d/t}

ㄹ {riul - l/r}

ㅁ {mium - m}

ㅂ {biub - b/p}

ㅅ {siot - s}

ㅇ {iung - ng}

ㅈ {jieut - j}

ㅊ {chieut - ch}

ㅋ {kieuk - k}

ㅌ {tieut - t}

ㅍ {pieup - p}

ㅎ {hieut - h}

So now that we know consonants + vowels, we can start to form syllables:

가 / 갸 / 거 / 겨 / 기 / 개 / 걔 / 게 / 계 / 고 / 교 / 구 / 규 / 그

나 / 냐 / 너 / 녀 / 니 / 내 / 냬 / 네 / 녜 / 노 / 뇨 / 누 / 뉴 / 느

다 / 댜 / 더 / 뎌 / 디 / 대 / 댸 / 데 / 뎨 / 도 / 됴 / 누 / 뉴 / 느

라 / 랴 / 러 / 려 / 리 / 래 / 럐 / 레 / 례 / 로 / 료 / 루 / 류 / 르

마 / 먀 / 머 / 며 / 미 / 매 / 먜 / 메 / 몌 / 모 / 묘 / 무 / 뮤 / 므

바 / 뱌 / 버 / 벼 / 비 / 배 / 뱨 / 베 / 볘 / 보 / 뵤 / 부 / 뷰 / 브

사 / 샤 / 서 / 셔 / 시 / 새 / 섀 / 세 / 셰 / 소 / 쇼 / 수 / 슈 / 스

아 / 야 / 어 / 여 / 이 / 애 / 얘 / 에 / 예 / 오 / 요 / 우 / 유 / 으

자 / 쟈 / 저 / 져 / 지 / 재 / 쟤 / 제 / 졔 / 조 / 죠 / 주 / 쥬 / 즈

차 / 챠 / 처 / 쳐 / 치 / 채 / 챼 / 체 / 쳬 / 초 / 쵸 / 추 / 츄 / 츠

카 / 캬 / 커 / 켜 / 키 / 캐 / 컈 / 케 / 켸 / 코 / 쿄 / 쿠 / 큐 / 크

타 / 탸 / 터 / 텨 / 티 / 태 / 턔 / 테 / 테 / 토 / 툐 / 투 / 튜 / 트

파 / 퍄 / 퍼 / 펴 / 피 / 패 / 퍠 / 페 / 폐 / 포 / 표 / 푸 / 퓨 / 프

하 / 햐 / 허 / 혀 / 히 / 해 / 햬 / 헤 / 혜 / 호 / 효 / 후 / 휴 / 흐

Tip: try to write and say this syllables out loud so you get used to them.

[manasseh]

mini grammar thing An exercise in introducing/describing yourself through categorising or using an analogy!

〈나열하기, 분류하기〉

• ~에는~ 등이 있다 • 이[그] 중에서~은~으로 분류할 수 있다

"조직에는 천재형, 거북이형, 토끼형 등이 있습니다. 이 중에서 저는 거북이형으로 분류할 수 있습니다. 조 금 느리지만 일을 꼼꼼하게 처���하기 때문입니다."

〈비유하기〉

• ~같다 • ~는 것같이[것처럼] • ~같이[처럼] • ~듯이

"저는 소금같이 회사에 꼭 필요한 사람이 되고 싶습니 다. 소금이 모든 음식에 들어가는 것처럼 저도 회사의 모든 일에 적극적으로 참여하는 사람이 되겠습니다."

[koreanstudygram]

-(으)ㄹ까 말까”, ” -(으)ㄹ수록”, ” -(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록”

Let's break down each grammar pattern with examples:

1. -(으)ㄹ까 말까

This grammar has two meanings.

-(으)ㄹ까 말까 “shall I or shall I not, whether or not,”

The first meaning is hesitation such as “shall I or shall I not, whether or not.”

Usage: This pattern expresses uncertainty or indecision about an action or situation. It presents a dilemma or a decision-making process where the person is contemplating an action, often translated as "whether or not to…"

Example Sentences:

축구를 할까 말까 고민하고 있다. (I'm debating whether or not to play soccer.)

여행을 가볼까 말까 생각 중이에요. (I'm thinking about whether or not to go on a trip.)

그 결정을 할까 말까 망설이고 있어요. (He/she is hesitating about whether or not to make that decision.)

When it has this meaning, Korean people often use this grammar with some particular verbs expressing thoughts and concerns, such as

망설이다 “to hesitate” 고민하다 “to consider” 고민 중이다 “to be considering” 생각하다 “to think” 생각 중이다 “to be thinking”

The second meaning is to express “uncertainty about an amount or quantity if it reaches a certain line.”

When it has this meaning, Korean people use it in the form of -(으)ㄹ까 말까 하다, or in the form of nouns + (이)가 될까 말까 하다 “(it) is just enough or a bit short.”

About the usage of -(으)ㄹ까 말까, you mainly use it for verbs.

For a verb, which does not have a final consonant, you attach ㄹ까 말까 to the stem.

For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant, so you attach ㄹ까 말까 to make 갈까 말까 “shall I go or not.”

If a verb has a final consonant, you attach -을까 말까 to the stem.

For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant.

So, you attach 을까 말까 to the stem to make 먹을까 말까 “shall I eat or not.”

Example sentence for the first meaning “whether or not.”

이 옷을 살까 말까 망설이는 중이에요. I am thinking about whether I should buy these clothes or not.

Here, 사다 “to buy” does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -ㄹ까 말까 to make 살까 말까 “whether I should buy or not.”

You can see hesitation through this expression, 살까 말까.

Example sentence for the second meaning, “just enough or a bit short” to express an amount.

작년에 심은 나무가 내 키를 넘을까 말까 할 정도로 자랐다. The tree I planted last year has grown up to the height which just barely exceeds my height.

Here, 넘다 “to exceed” has a final consonant.

So, you add -을까 말까 to make 넘을까 말까 “barely exceeds.”

Then, let’s read a sample sentence in the form of a noun + 이/가 될까 말까 하다.

강의가 시작한 지 1시간이 될까 말까 해요. It has been just one hour or less since the lecture started.

Here, 1시간 means “one hour.” 1 시간 has a final consonant, so you add 이 될까 말까 하다 to make 1시간이 될까 말까 하다 “the time just barely reaches one hour.”

2. -(으)ㄹ수록

-(으)ㄹ수록 “as you do smth~”

Usage: This pattern indicates that as something happens or progresses, another situation intensifies or becomes more pronounced. It's used to describe a proportional relationship between two events or states. It's translated as "the more… the more…"

Example Sentences:

더 많이 연습할수록 실력이 더 좋아진다. (The more you practice, the better your skills become.)

시간이 지날수록 그 사건을 잊을 수 없었다. (The more time passed, the more unforgettable that incident became.)

더 많은 경험을 쌓을수록 자신감이 생길 거예요. (The more experience you gain, the more confidence you will have.)

You use this when you notice that one situation changes to some degree, then another situation also changes.

To apply this grammar for verbs and adjectives, you attach -ㄹ수록 to the stem.

If a verb or an adjective does not have a final consonant, you attach ㄹ수록.

For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant. So, you attach -ㄹ수록 to make 갈수록 “as (I) go.”

If a verb or an adjective has a final consonant, you attach 을수록.

For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant.

So, you attach -을수록 to make 먹을수록 “as (I) eat.”

For nouns, you attach -일수록 regardless of a final consonant.

Besides, if you attach -(으)ㄹ수록 to 가다 “to go” to make 갈수록, you can sometimes translate it to “as you go”, but Korean people often use it as the meaning of “gradually.”

There is an idiom, 갈수록 태산이다, and this means “Gradually, you will see bigger mountains.” which means “Something is getting worse and worse.”

그때 일은 생각할수록 분해. The more I think about it, the more I get angry.

Here, 생각하다 “to think” is a verb which does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -ㄹ수록 to make 생각할수록 “the more (I) think.”

날씨가 더울수록 건강에 각별히 주의하세요. As the weather gets hotter, please take good care of your condition.

Here, 덥다 “to be hot” is an adjective which has a final consonant.

So, you add -을수록. However, you apply ㅂ irregular rule for 덥다.

So, 으 changes to 우, and it becomes 더울수록 “as (it) gets hotter.”

Then let’s look at the next sentence.

친하고 가까운 사이일수록 서로 예의를 잘 지켜야 돼. As a relationship is more intimate and closer, you should be more courteous to each other.

Here, 사이 “relationship” is a noun. So, you add -일수록 to make 사이일수록 “as a relationship is more ~.”

Then, let’s read a sample sentence of 갈수록 which you translate it as “gradually.”

회원 수가 처음에는 열 명뿐이었는데 갈수록 늘어나고 있어요. The number of members was only ten at first, but it gradually went up.

Here, if you translate 갈수록 into “as you go” the meaning of the sentence becomes “the number of members went up as you go”, and it sounds weird.

In these cases, 갈수록 means “gradually” or “more and more.”

3. -(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록

-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록 “the more ~, the more ~.”

Usage: This pattern is an extension of -(으)ㄹ수록 and adds a conditional clause using -(으)면 (if) to indicate that as a particular condition is met or event occurs, another related outcome intensifies or changes correspondingly. It means "the more… (if/when) …, the more…"

Example Sentences:

더 열심히 공부하면 공부할수록 성적이 오를 거예요. (The more you study harder, the better your grades will get.)

날씨가 추워지면 추워질수록 집에서 더 오�� 있게 되죠. (If the weather gets colder, you end up staying home longer.)

팀원들과 더 잘 협력하면 협력할수록 프로젝트가 더 잘 진행될 거예요. (The more you cooperate well with your team members, the smoother the project will progress.)

When you use the same verb or adjective repeatedly, you can express a gradual change such as “the more ~, the more ~.”

To apply this grammar for verbs and adjectives, you attach -(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록 to the stem.

If a verb or an adjective does not have a final consonant, you attach -면 -ㄹ수록.

For example, 가다 “to go” does not have a final consonant.

So, you attach -면 -ㄹ수록 to the stem to make 가면 갈수록 “the more (I) go, the more~.”

If a verb or an adjective has a final consonant, you attach -으면 -을수록.

For example, 먹다 “to eat” has a final consonant.

So, you attach -으면 -을수록 to the stem to make 먹으면 먹을수록 “the more (I) eat, the more~.”

For nouns, you attach (이)면 일수록.

Example sentence:

이 영화는 보면 볼수록 빠져들어요. About this movie, the more you watch it, the more you will be into it.

보다 “to watch” does not have a final consonant.

So, you add -면 -ㄹ수록 to make 보면 볼수록 “the more you watch it, the more ~.”

빠져들다 “to be into smth” is a useful word in this case.

이 꽃은 기온이 높으면 높을수록 빨리 자란대. They say this flower grows faster as the temperature is higher.

Here, 높다 “to be high” has a final consonant.

So, you add -으면 -을수록 to make 높으면 높을수록 “the higher ~, the more ~.”

Explanation:

-(으)ㄹ까 말까: This pattern emphasizes indecision or uncertainty about whether to proceed with a particular action.

-(으)ㄹ수록: Indicates that as one situation progresses, another situation intensifies or changes accordingly.

-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록: Builds on -(으)ㄹ수록 by adding a conditional clause (-(으)면) to describe a scenario where the intensity or frequency increases depending on a certain condition being met.

These patterns are useful for expressing varying degrees of change or uncertainty in Korean sentences.

Grammar explanations and sentences from web page link below

[hanmadi-hangukeo]

N도 N(이)지만

This phrase is used to say that although the noun in question is important, something else requires attention or is just as important. This structure is often used to agree with what someone else has said while adding your own opinion to the mix: "I agree that ___ is important, but I think that ___ is important too."

Sentence Structure(s)

⚠️ The same noun is placed before 도 and (이)지만 ⚠️

1. noun + 도 (이)지만

Ex. 공부도 공부지만 사회성을 기르는 것도 중요해요. Studying is important, but it is also important to grow socially.

Ex. 일도 일이지만 끼니는 거르지 마세요. Work is important, but do not skip your meals.

*예문 taken from sayhikorean

**For more on this grammar point, check out this video

[gigiskjourney]

NEW BLOG / NUEVO BLOG.

[ENG] Hi again! Although there is nothing uploaded on the blog yet, you can start following me there to be aware of everything I upload. Thank you so much!

FOLLOW ME ON KOREAN NOOK (KOREAN ENGLISH BLOG)

[ESP] ¡Hola de nuevo! Si bien no hay nada subido en el blog aún, podéis empezar a seguirme allí para estar al tanto de todo lo que suba. ¡Muchas gracias!

SÍGUEME EN COREANO EN CASA (BLOG COREANO ESPAÑOL)

[dreamer-hangugeo]

Writing in Korean can be quite complex when it comes to spacing (띄어쓰기), as it involves several factors like grammar, sentence structure, and even the type of words. In this article, I’ll share some of the most important rules I’ve learned with you.

1. Particles:

Korean uses particles to indicate grammatical relationships between words in a sentence. To ensure clarity, it is essential to separate these particles from the following words. Some commonly used particles in Korean include 은/는, 이/가, 을/를, 에, 에서, (으)로, 에게, 도, 와/과, and so on.

For example, in the sentence “저는 한국에서 떡볶이를 먹었습니다” (I ate Tteokbokki in Korea), there are three particles used: 는, 에서, and 를. To make it clear, it is essential to add spaces after each particle.

It is essential to note that particles are included as part of the preceding word. Therefore, particles are not standalone words and should be attached to the word they modify without spaces.

2. Independent Nouns:

In some sentences, there may be two or three nouns put together to form a noun phrase. In constructing such phrases, it is generally advisable to separate each independent noun with a space.

For example, “한국 음식” (Korean Food) and “경영 대학교” (Business University) both consist of multiple nouns that should be separated by spaces.

However, there are exceptions to this rule:

Compound Words: When words are combined to create a new meaning, they should be written without spaces. For example, “tear” in Korean is “눈물”, a compound word made up of 눈 (eyes) and 물 (water). This word should be written together as “눈물” without a space between them. The same applies to verbs such as “to visit,” which is “방문하다”, a compound word made up of “방문” (visit) and “하다” (to do).

Proper Nouns: If the noun phrase is a commonly used or official name, such “한국관광공사” (Korean Tourism Organization)  or “국립중앙박물관” (National Museum of Korea), it is standard to write the entire phrase without spaces. Doing so makes it more easily recognizable as a specific entity or organization.

3. Person’s Name and Title

Korean personal names consist of a surname and a given name, both of which have independent meanings and can be used as separate words. Although it can be argued that they should be written separately, personal names are unique nouns, and Korean surnames are usually only one syllable, making them feel incomplete on their own. Therefore, it is customary to write personal names without spaces between the surname and given name.

For example, “Park Ji-min” is written as “박지민,” “Kim Min-seok” is “김민석,” and “Lee Min-ho” is “이민호,” all without spaces.

However, when titles or job names follow a personal name, they are separate units and should be written with a space between them.

For example: 박지민 씨 (Mr. Park Ji-min), 민수철 교수 (Professor Min Su-cheol), 김 의사님 (Doctor Kim) all have a space between the personal name and the title or job name.

4. Numbers and counters:

In Korean, spacing is used between every ten thousand when writing numbers. This means that if you have a number with five digits or more, you will use a space to separate the digits in groups of four.

For example:

이천이십삼 (2023)

구만 팔천칠백육십오 (98765)

일억 이천삼백사십오만 육천칠백팔십구 (123456789)

When it comes to combining numbers with counters, there are two cases to consider:

If you write the number in digits, there is no space between the number and the counter. For example, “1개” (one piece), “2번” (two times), and “3명” (three people) have no space between the number and the counter.

However, if you write the number in words, there should be a space between the written number and the counter. For example, “삼 학년” (third grade), “칠천 원” (seven thousand won), and “칠 개월” (seven months) have a space between the written number and the counter.

5. Word modifiers:

When a modifier (such as an adjective, verb, or adverb) modifies a word, it should be separated from the word by a space. This helps to clarify the relationship between the two words and make the sentence easier to read.

For example:

유나는 예쁜 여자예요 (Yuna is a pretty girl)

한국 와서 처음 먹은 음식 기억나요? (Do you remember the first food that you ate in Korea?)

저는 일을 잘 해요 (I do my job well)

All use spacing to separate the modifier from the word.

Additional Notes:

– It’s worth noting that there are certain grammatical structures in Korean that require specific spacing. For example, “(으)ㄴ 적이 있다” (have done in the past), “(으)ㄹ 수 있다” (can/be able to), “아/어 보다” (try doing) and so on. It’s important to pay attention to these spacing rules when learning Korean to ensure that your writing is accurate and clear.

– Finally, when using “이다” (to be) or “아니다” (to not be), it’s important to note that “이다” is written immediately after a noun, while “아니다” is written separately from the noun due to the particle. This is important to keep in mind when writing sentences that use these verbs.

For example:

학생입니다 (I’m a student)

학생이 아닙니다 (I’m not a student.)

The preceding explanation outlines my current understanding of the spacing rules when writing in Korean. However, I also want to point out that there might be some special cases or exceptions to these rules that I’m not aware of. So, if you have any experience with these special cases, I’d love to hear about it! Let’s share our knowledge and learn from each other.

🌸 🌼 🌻

Support me at: https://koreanlanguageloving.my.canva.site/

[koreanling]

How to say not with ~하다 verbs

For most verbs when you want to say “I don’t xx” or “I didn’t xx” you put 안 before the verb like so “밥 안 먹었어요” (I haven’t eaten). But verbs that use ~하다 are a combination of a word plus the 하다 (to do) verb. When you are using those words you need to put 안 in between 공부-하다 to make a sentence like “오늘 공부 안 했어요” (I didn’t study today)

example ~하다 verbs:

운동하다: to exercise (운동 + 하다)

일하다: to work

공부하다: to study

집중하다: to concentrate

걱정하다: to worry

노래하다: to sing

등산하다: to hike

사랑하다: to love

성공하다: to succeed

수영하다: to swim

연습하다: to practice

인사하다: to greet

질문하다: to ask a question

There are a bunch of ~하다 verbs so keep this point in mind!

오늘 공부 안 했어요: I didn't study today 노래방에서 노래 안 했어요: I didn't sing at karaoke 그사람 함께 일 안해요: that person doesn't work with me 왜 아무도 집중 안해요?: Why isn't anyone concentrating?

[kippeo]

₊✩‧₊ Cute capybara faces ₊✩‧₊

Don't worry, be capy.

Remember to cherish capybaras as they love you.

₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧₊ ₊✩‧

Let's learn some Korean grammar:

When we want to sound polite, in a daily conversation,

and we conjugate "to be", we can use form:

"Noun-이에요" or "Noun-예요".

So, what's the difference?

We attach "-이에요" after a noun that ends on consonant:

이것은 잎이에요. (ㅍ is a consonant)

This is a leaf.

On the other hand, we attach "-예요", after a vowel:

저 동물은 카피바라예요. (ㅏ is a vowel)

That animal is a capybara.

Simple, right?

So, what form do we use after "사과" (an apple)

-이에요 or -예요?

[honeyhangukeo]

Different words meaning 'to use'.

이용하다 - to utilise something for the beneficial facility or function it offers (can also refer to taking advantage/exploiting in a negative way)

쓰레기통을 이용하세요 = please use the trash can

이용자 = a user/visitor of a facility or space

인터넷 이용자 = a user of the internet

도서관 이용자 = a library goer

사용하다 - to use, operate or employ a tool of some kind

컴퓨터를 사용해도 되나요? = May I use the computer?

사용설명서 = instruction manual (lit. usage + explanation + document)

사용자 = consumer/utiliser of something

스페인어 사용자 - user(speaker) of Spanish

유용하다 - to possess uses/functions, able to be utilised positively

병을 여는 데 아주 유용해요 = it's useful/great for opening bottles

유용한 표현을 배우야 해 = you must learn useful/useable phrases

쓰다 - to use or employ something or wear (in terms of some accessories) (also means 'to write' and 'to be bitter'.)

돈을 썼어 = I spent my money

안경을 쓰는 사람 = a person who wears glasses

이것은 어디에 쓰는 겁니까? = where/what is this used for?

연필을 쓰세요 - please use a pencil (whereas 연필로 쓰세요 would be please write in pencil

tldr: 쓰다 is more simple and common in speech but is essentially the same as 사용하다. 이용하다 has a different nuance of referring to making use of a facility offered by an object or space (e.g. using the bathroom, the internet, public transport) rather than 쓰다/사용하다 being the personal, often physical, manipulation of a thing (e.g. using toilet paper, using photoshop, using a pencil). 유용하다 is not about the actual use of something, more a remark on something's ability to be used/useful. The recurring ~용 character of these words comes from the Chinese/Hanja 用 which refers to use, function, utilisation, consumption.

[a-pop-of-korean]

hi i have a question about how to quote someone. like for example i’m saying my mom asked when we’re going to meet

A: she asked about you

B: what did she ask

A: when we’re going to meet

would it be 널 언제 만날건데?

Hello! If you want to say "My mom asked when we're going to meet," you can say this: 엄마가 우리 언제 만날 거냐고 하셨어요 (or just 했어요 depending on how honorific you want to be). If you're totally new to quoting, I recommend checking out my lessons below since quoting has its own set of rules!

There are a few different grammatical structures used to quote someone in Korean. The quoting structure used in this sentence is -냐고, which is used specifically for quoting questions. Since you're meeting in the future, you attach -을/ㄹ 거냐고 to the verb stem. After that, use can use the verb 하다, which in this case, stands in to mean "to ask," as I did, which I think is the most common verb to use when quoting. Or, you can use 물어보다 meaning "to ask." The reason why 하다 is so common when quoting someone is because the grammar already points to the fact that a question is being asked, so it's ok to just use the short 하다 rather than a specific verb meaning "to ask." Hope that makes sense!

Thanks for the question! As I said, quoting is kinda complicated in Korean, so if you're new to it, it might not make sense to you right now. See my lessons below for more info! 화이팅!

Quoting

Quoting Continued

[koreanstudyjunkie]

Easiest Korean Particles

N처럼, N같이

N마다

N쯤

N이나

N처럼, N같이 = Like [Noun]

Usage: Kind of like a “simile” in English and it corresponds to “like” or “as”. When you want to express that an action appears the same or similar to the noun you attach 처럼 or 같이 to.

Note: 처럼/같이 are often used metaphorically to compare characteristics by comparing them to other things.

Examples:

그 남자는 말처럼 빨리 달려요. He runs as fast as a horse.

지민 씨는 천사같이 노래해요. Jimin sings like an angel

그녀의 머리는 아이돌처럼 예뻐 보여요.

Her hair looks as pretty as an idol.

N마다 = Every [Noun]

Usage: This is attached to nouns that express a time - time nouns. To indicate the repetition of the same/similar situation or behavior over a set period of time. It can be translated as “every”, “each”, “once every“. It’s added directly next to the time noun being described.

Examples:

주말마다 여행을 가요. I go on a trip every weekend.

금요일마다 친구를 만나고 외식을 해요. Every Friday I meet my friends and (we) go out to eat.

우리 집에는 방마다 티비가 있어요. There’s a tv in every room in (our)my house.

Note: It can also be added to non time nouns - regular nouns.

Ex: 학생마다 달라요. Each student is different.

No need to add it to words that have 매 in them as it indicates “every ___”

매일 (everyday) → 매일마다 (X)

날 (day) → 날마다 (everyday)

N쯤 = About [Noun]

Usage: It’s added to nouns that represent numbers, times, and quantities. It indicates an approximation - “about” or “around”.

Examples:

넌 열다섯 살 쯤 되어 보여요. You look about 15 years old.

한시쯤 어때요? 수업이 열두시 오십분에 끝나요.

How’s around 1 o’clock? My class ends at 12:50.

우리는 일년쯤에 중국에서 중국어를 공부할 거예요. We will study Chinese In China for around a year.

Extra Notes:

When referring to approximate prices, ‘Noun쯤 하다’ is used more often than just ‘Noun쯤이다’.

Example:

사과는 세개에 이천원쯤 해요.

Apples cost about 2000 won for 3.

N이나 = Noun Or Noun

Usage: This actually has 3 usages, but we will focus on the main one which means “or”. It can only be attached to nouns. One of the two or more listed nouns will be chosen. (거나 means the exact same, but is attached to verbs instead)

Form:

Consonant - 이나

Vowel - 나

Examples:

목이 말라요. 물이나 차를 마시고 싶어요. I’m thirsty. I want to drink water or tea.

구두나 가방을 살 거예요. I’ll buy some shoes or a bag.

토요일에나 일요일에 운동해요. I exercise on Saturday or Sunday. (You can attach 나 to 에 or leave 에 out and just use 이나)

PRACTICE SECTION:

Something to keep in mind is that when you are using these particles you do not need to also attach the subject or object particles to them!

TRANSLATE EACH

1.) We go to Itaewon every Saturday night.

2.) I went to the hospital around 10:30 am.

3.) We talked for about 4 hours.

4.) My sister can dance like Jhope.

5.) Every 2 hours I drink water or tea.

[manasseh]

'오랜만에'라는 표현을 파악하기 ✧ understanding the phrase '오랜만에'

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@zzzzzestforlife asked:

"ok, another Korean langblr studyblr post idea: how to say "after a long time" / 오랜만에 vs 길운 시간의 후 / like i don't get the difference 😅".

TLDR: The main difference between 오랜만 vs. any other translation of 'after a long time' is the context.

Although '오랜만' simply translates to 'after a long time', it means more specifically *something happens for the first time after a long time since the last time it happened*. A repeat action! Like meeting a friend for the first time in a while, or picking a habit back up!

Using '후' just means after, no extra nuance, so it has less niche use case :D

(the difference between just 'long time' 오래 vs. 긴 시간 is more complicated)

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check under the cut for example sentences and rambles ->->

I went a little deeper than the surface question again, content:

meaning of 오래 / common uses (오래, 오래 전, 오래되다, 오랫동안, -) / use of '오랜만' / ㅅ or ㄹ? + random bonus word / 긴 시간 vs 오래 / 오래 후 vs. 오랜만 / bonus grammar confusion

Let's start with just오래.

오래 by itself means a long period of time passing. Or just ~a long time~ I suppose.

It can be used alone:

오래 기다리고 있었어 - she'd been waiting for a long time

오래 머물거예요 - it's going to be here for a long time / to linger

Add 전 to make 'long ago':

그 극장은 오래 전에 헐렸어 - that theatre was pulled down a long time ago

오래되다 (lit. to become 오래) can be used to mean *old*:

그 오래된 극장이 헐렀나봐 - it seems they pulled down that old theatre

오랫동안 means during or while a long time is passing:

오랫동안 바라던 나의 소망이 마침내 이루어졌어 - my wish that I had desired for so long (for such a long period of time) finally came true

극장은 오랫동안 이 상태로 방치되어 있었어 - the theatre has been left in this state for (during) a long time

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Now for the phrase from the question:

'오랜만' is short for 오래간만, meaning after a long period of time since (X something).

It's a very common word in Korean. You'll often hear it said by itself when you bump into an acquaintance: "오랜만!!", "It's been a while!". Sometimes I feel it's more so a greeting than literal.

While 오랫동안 is used to mean during the period of time, 오랜만 means after. Specifically after the time that's passed since the last time you did this thing. For example:

오랫동안 못 잤어요 - i didn't sleep well for (during) a long time

진짜 오랜만에 잘 잤더라 - i slept well for the first time in (since) so long!

some more examples for vibes, sans translation:

오랜만에 소주 한잔 어때?

오랜만에 운동을 했더니 온몸이 쑤신다...

오랜만에 만났지만 별달리 할 말이 없구나.

The full 오래간만 is also still pretty common by the way. Heard it in an audio book a couple days ago with something like this:

그런 감정을 느낀지 참 오래간만이군요. - It really has been a long time since I've felt this way.

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//Bonus: Whether it's 오래-, 오랜-, or 오랫- is easy to get confused, right? That's okay, native speakers struggle with it as well! To the point that even in novels or news articles, you'll see '오랫만' - so don't worry if you mix it up haha. If you'd like me to write a post on when the ㅅ is added on words let me know, but for now just see these images as reference. Or don't! Most Koreans won't notice either way :)

This blog post for example quickly explains it for Koreans, - here I found the bonus vocab for today: '지적당하다' -

- '지적(하다)' meaning to point out / to indicate / to criticize.

- the suffix '-당하다' makes the word it's attached to a verb, and indicates passivity. It means something like to receive x / to suffer x (/neg). It's used with words like to sustain injury, be demoted or fired, be a victim of of crime like fraud or stalking. In short - a negative thing happens to you.

So 지적당하다, in context = to suffer being corrected on your grammar lmaooo to get got by the grammar police

"오랫만에, 오랜만에 헷갈리지 마시고 카톡 쓸 때 괜히 지적당하지 말자고요! (저 지적 안 합니다...)"

rough tr.: "So let's not confuse '오랫만에' and '오랜만에' when writing a [Kakao] message just to end up being called out on it! (I wouldn't correct you…)"

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Okay so that's 오래 - then what about the more literal translation '긴 시간 후'?

1./ 긴 시간 and 오래 can both translate to 'long time' in English. So what's the difference?

!! Full disclosure, I'm not entirely sure here! It's not gramatically wrong as a translation, but it's not used the same way - at least not commonly to my knowledge. It simply feels less natural (to me) than the idiomatic 오랜만, but it could just be more formal and direct. I couldn't find a clear answer online, and haven't checked with a native speaker yet. In any case, it's definitely less casual.

2./ 오랜만 vs. 오래 후

Besides being less common and casual, there is one more difference between specifically the "after" - 긴 시간 후 vs. 오랜만 - that's probably the main answer to Zesty's question.

As I wrote before, 오랫만 means something happens for the first time after a long gap since the last time it happened - so it's about a repeat action! It can't be used to talk about just anything that happened after an undefined long stretch of time has occurred.

But 뭐뭐~ 후 can! It's simply after a long time with no other nuance.

But whether 긴 시간 후 can be used in the same way as say 오래 후?? I dont know~ ! Check #1 haha.

It took me a while to figure this out myself!! It's not something I was able to read anywhere either, only halfway through writing this post, the specific nuance clicked. Even though I've used the phrase a billion times! Goes to show just how much you pick up on without having to study it, even in a new language :)

anyway here's my best guesses on how to use 긴 시간 logically that I will send off to my friend - don't take them as learning material haha:

긴 시간을 들여 이 작품을 완성했어요 - I invested a lot of time to complete this piece.

긴 시간 후에 완전히 회복되었어요. - It took a long time, but I've finally recovered.

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// Bonus: I'm actually not sure at all which meaning of 만 applies here! It's not pointed out anywhere directly. Looking at the wiktionary for it, there's a few options that could apply? I'll ask a korean linguistics major friend of mine and report back :)

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Anyway that's it for my little exploration of the phrase '오랜만'! Let me know if you have thoughts or questions!