#King Stanislaw August

[historicconfessions]

[heatsu]

fandomized S.A.Poniatowski because I'm going insane

[allthingsgeorgian]

Princess Poniatowski’s visit to England, 1767

We often think of young men from England embarking on the Grand Tour of Europe, but today’s article is about a Polish visitor to England, who embarked on her own mini Grand Tour of England during the summer of 1767. Princess Apollonia Poniatowski (c1736-1814) was married to Kazimierz Poniatowski (1721-1800) her second husband, having been divorced from her first husband several years previously.…

[carpedzem]

ignore its 3am POLISH FACT OF A DAY did you know poland used to be an elective monarchy? king was chosen by nobility - in total we had 13 elected kings in years 1573-1764! the last elected one was Stanislaw August Poniatowski. he did a lot for poland in his years of ruling but it was still not enough to save very weak country with a lot of enemies. there were simply too many thing going against him and in 1795 he was forced to abdicate and give away the crown to russia making Nicholas II of russia the last king of poland technically

[photo-snap-stories]

PL:

Zamek Królewski w Chęcinach (część 2 z 2)

W 1465 roku na zamku wybuchł groźny pożar, a od drugiej połowy XVI wieku, czyli momentu kiedy się wyprowadziła królowa Bona zamek Chęciński zaczął tracić swój blask i świetność. Kolejny pożar miał miejsce w połowie XVI w, a starosta Stanisław Dębiński aby przywrócić używalność zamku dokonał tylko najistotniejszych prac remontowych. Dzieła zniszczenia zamku dokonał wiek XVII w. W 1607 r. podczas rokoszu Zebrzydowskiego spalono twierdzę i ograbiono zbrojownię. Zamek został splądrowany ponownie w 1655 roku przez Szwedów oraz sprzymierzonego z nimi księcia Siedmiogrodu Jerzego Rakoczego w 1657 roku. Warownia przestała być rezydencją starostów i została opuszczona w 1707 roku po jej kolejnej dewastacji przez Szwedów.

Po tych wydarzeniach zamek opustoszał. Po raz ostatni działa zamkowe wystrzeliły w 1787 r. na wiwat wjeżdżającego do miasta króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego. Od tego czasu mury średniowiecznej warowni służyły okolicznym mieszkańcom jako źródło materiałów budulcowych. W latach I wojny światowej ruiny wykorzystywane były przez wojska rosyjskie. Wtedy to w wyniku austriackiego ostrzału artyleryjskiego zostały poważnie uszkodzone wieże. W okresie międzywojennym drobne prace konserwatorskie nie były w stanie zatrzymać niszczenia zamku. W czasie II wojny światowej zagrożeniem dla zamku była eksploatacja kamienia z Góry Zamkowej dla pozyskania budulca dróg w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie. Eksploatację wstrzymano co uchroniło zamkowe mury przed zawaleniem. Po II wojnie światowej następuje odbudowa ruin zamku (między innymi w latach 1948 -1949 – baszty, 1959 – 1960 mury).

EN:

The Royal Castle in Chęciny (part 2 of 2)

In 1465 a dangerous fire broke out in the castle, and from the second half of the 16th century, that is, when Queen Bona moved out, Chęciny Castle began to lose its luster and splendor. Another fire took place in the mid-sixteenth century, and the staroste Stanisław Dębiński, in order to restore the use of the castle, made only the most important renovation works. The destruction of the castle was done in the 17th century. In 1607, during the Zebrzydowski Rebellion, the fortress was burnt down and the armory plundered. The castle was plundered again in 1655 by the Swedes and their ally Prince George Rákóczi in 1657. The stronghold ceased to be the residence of starosts and was abandoned in 1707 after its subsequent devastation by the Swedes.

After these events, the castle was abandoned. The castle cannons fired for the last time in 1787 to the cheers of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski entering the city. Since then, the walls of the medieval stronghold have served the local residents as a source of building materials. During the First World War, the ruins were used by the Russian army. Then, as a result of Austrian artillery fire, the towers were seriously damaged. In the interwar period, minor conservation works were not able to stop the destruction of the castle. During World War II, a threat to the castle was the exploitation of stone from Góra Zamkowa to obtain building material for roads in the General Government. The exploitation was stopped, which saved the castle walls from collapsing. After World War II, the ruins of the castle are reconstructed (inter alia, in the years 1948 -1949 - towers, 1959 - 1960 - walls).

[xavierbautistagarcia]

The Polish Versailles

The Branicki Palace (in Polish, Pałac Branickich w Białymstoku) was commissioned by hetman Jan Klemens Branicki in the town of Bialystok in the 18th century, during the time of the Rzeczpospolita, a confederation that united Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine from the 16th to the 18th century.

Count Branicki was, by virtue of his title of hetman (probably derived from the German Hauptmann), the second military commander of the Polish-Lithuanian confederation or Republic of the Two Nations and had serious aspirations to wear the Polish crown.

The palace was originally a wooden building and was renovated in the 16th century to fortify it. Later, towards the end of the 17th century, in the hands of the Branicki family, it was transformed into a Baroque-style mansion.

Around 1728, a new and final renovation began, extending the buildings and gardens to such an extent that the complex was considered to be the Polish Versailles.

The grandeur of the complex did not allow its owner to achieve one of his greatest ambitions. His attempt to become king of Poland between 1763 and 1764 ended in failure, as the man chosen to succeed Augustus III was Stanislaw Poniatowski (Stanislaw II August), the brother of his third wife, Izabella Poniatowska.

Branicki died in 1771 and did not see the new king fail to prevent the ever-expanding Russian Empire from absorbing Poland after three partitions (1772, 1793 and 1795), a civil war and a war between the two nations (1792).

[haotechcom]

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[archaeologyinbulgaria]

Bulgaria Opens Exhibition of Ancient Thracian Gold from Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure in Royal Lazienki Museum in Poland’s Capital Warsaw

Bulgaria Opens Exhibition of Ancient Thracian Gold from Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure in Royal Lazienki Museum in Poland’s Capital Warsaw

An image of ancient victory goddess Nike decorates the middle of the Ancient Thracian gold laurel wreath from the Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure showcased in the Polish capital Warsaw. Photo: Bulgaria’s Ministy of Culture

An exhibition of part of the 4th century BC Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure, one of Bulgaria’s numerous stunning treasures from Ancient Thrace, has been opened by Bulgaria…

[fioletowyfacet]

Your Highness, you must flee! A mob has broken in, and they're coming for you!

[royaltyandpomp]

THE KING

H.M. King Stanislaw II August of Poland, née Count Poniatowski  (1732-1798)

[historyman101]

Prince Jozef Antoni Poniatowski (1763-1813)

So after I got my mug from Epic History TV with @aminoscribbles‘ great artistic rendering, I figure I should write a post about Marshal Poniatowski and why he is such a fascinating character in my mind. (and I may write a story about him in the future, who knows)

Poniatowski is mostly remembered for being one of the French Empire’s marshals during the Napoleonic Wars (1804-1815). He’s something of an oddball among them as he was the only non-Frenchman to be awarded the rank, and he also held it for the shortest time. But in his life, he was an adept commander, an effective administrator, and the definition of a Polish patriot.

Before serving Napoleon, Poniatowski was the nephew of the last King of Poland (Stanislaw August Poniatowski). When he joined the Polish Army at the rank of Major-General, Poland was already a crippled country, partitioned once by its neighbors Russia, Prussia, and Austria. He partook in a failed uprising against the Russians in 1794 (alongside the American Revolutionary War hero Tadeusz Kosciusko), after which Poland vanished from the map. For a long time, Poniatowski was without employment or titles, living in semi-retirement in  Warsaw.

That was until Napoleon Bonaparte arrived in Poland in 1806.

After the Prussian defeat in 1806, Napoleon’s victorious Grande Armee entered Poland, hailed as liberators. Many native Poles, including Poniatowski, saw Napoleon as Poland’s best chance at regaining independence. He spared no expense to advocate for Polish statehood to the French Emperor.

After the French victory over the Russians at Friedland in 1807, the Duchy of Warsaw was created, and Poniatowski was made Minister of War. In this role, he had the monumental task of rebuilding the Polish Army from scratch. Polish troops became renowned as some of the finest in Napoleon’s army, even forming part of his elite Imperial Guard. 

Brave, resourceful, and inspirational, Poniatowski was an adept commander of Duchy of Warsaw forces in Napoleon’s service. He saw action in 1809 against Austria and again in 1812 against Russia. He finally won his marshal’s baton in Germany during the 1813 Battle of Leipzig (or the Battle of the Nations), where he bravely covered the French retreat. He was wounded several times and tried to escape capture by crossing the Elster river, but was swept off his saddle and drowned.

He had been a marshal for just four days.

While Poniatowski’s loyalty to Napoleon ultimately achieved nothing, he quickly became a legend after his death. To many fellow countrymen, he was a model of patriotism that inspired future generations. In Krakow, his remains are buried beside other Polish heroes like Jan Sobiecki III (victor of the 1683 Battle of Vienna) and Tadeusz Kosciusko, and a statue in his honor stands outside the Presidential Palace in Warsaw.

In short, he is a national hero. 

There was not a single contemporary who spoke poorly of him, and he was  widely respected for his courage, loyalty, and sense of honor. His men adored him, and when he was killed in action at Leipzig, his loss was keenly felt by all. While Napoleon was in exile on St. Helena writing his memoirs, he called Poniatowski:

“A man of noble character, full of honor and bravery.”

In many ways, Poniatowski reminds me of the classic romantic hero we would read in fairy tales as children. Devoted, courageous, and thoughtful. Even when the odds seemed stacked against Napoleon in the waning days of his empire, and the Duchy of Warsaw effectively ceased to exist, Poniatowski never backed down and never quit fighting. He remained loyal while others turned their back, if only because he remembered what Napoleon did for his countrymen.

I can only wonder what would have become of him had Napoleon’s empire lasted a little longer.

[lapetiteaquavita]

Here you can see happy me with portrait of one of my history crushes - Stanislaw August Poniatowski, the last King of Poland

I appreciate you no matter what. You really tried hard to change our society into intelligent one and thank you for this. It's not your fault that when you get crowned political situation of Poland was terrible.

Thank you for all your efforts.

Stanisław August with an hourglass by Marcello Botticelli

[poniatowskaja]

Both kings failed to achieve their aims, but only Louis XVI met with failure at a time when his nation was sovereign. Acting within the old republican political culture, Stanisław August held weaker cards overall, but he played them much better. In the years 1791-1792 he simply triumphed politically, especially taking into consideration the situation at the beginning of the Four-Year Sejm. Louis, despite the existence of significant backing of folk royalism in France, despite the common conviction of almost all the revolutionaries in 1789 that the country needed a constitutional monarchy, did not triumph over the ensuing difficulties. One can risk the statement that a French king with the abilities of Stanisław August would have at the very least survived on the throne.

Richard Butterwick, ‘“The king with the nation, the nation with the king”. A comparison of Stanislaw August Poniatowski and Louis XVI, 1788-1792′ („Król z narodem, naród z królem”. Porównanie Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego z Ludwikiem XVI w latach 1788-1792)

[mapsontheweb]

Treaty of Verdun, 843.

The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843, was the first of the treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, who was the son of Charlemagne. The treaty, signed in Verdun-sur-Meuse, ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.

Following Charlemagne's death, Louis was made ruler of the Carolingian empire. During his reign, he divided the empire so that each of his sons could rule over their own kingdom under the greater rule of their father. Lothair I was given the title of emperor but because of several re-divisions by his father and the resulting revolts, he became much less powerful. When Louis the Pious died in 840, his eldest son, Lothair I, claimed overlordship over the entirety of his father's kingdom in an attempt to reclaim the power he had at the beginning of his reign as emperor. He also supported his nephew, Pepin II's claim to Aquitaine, a large province in the west of the Frankish realm. Lothair's brother, Louis the German, and his half-brother Charles the Bald refused to acknowledge Lothair's suzerainty and declared war against him. After a bloody civil war, they defeated Lothair at the Battle of Fontenay in 841 and sealed their alliance in 842 with the Oaths of Strasbourg which declared Lothair unfit for the imperial throne, after which he became willing to negotiate a settlement.

Each of the three brothers was already established in one kingdom: Lothair in Italy, Louis the German in Bavaria, and Charles the Bald in Aquitaine. In the settlement, Lothair (who had been named co-emperor in 817) retained his title as emperor and:

Lothair received Middle Francia, the central portion of the empire. His domain later became the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and the Kingdom of Italy (which covered the northern half of the Italian Peninsula). He also received the two imperial cities, Aachen and Rome, as well as the imperial title, but it conferred only nominal overlordship of his brothers' lands.

Louis the German received the eastern portion of the empire. He was guaranteed the kingship of all lands to the east of the Rhine and to the north and east of Italy, which was called East Francia. It eventually became the high medieval kingdom of Germany, the largest component of the Holy Roman Empire.

Charles the Bald received the western portion, which later became France. Pepin II was granted the kingdom of Aquitaine, but only under the authority of Charles. Charles received all lands west of the Rhône, called West Francia.

Legacy

The division reflected an adherence to the old Frankish custom of partible or divisible inheritance amongst a ruler's sons, rather than primogeniture (i.e., inheritance by the eldest son) which would soon be adopted by both Frankish kingdoms.

The division of the Frankish realm by the Treaty of Verdun, carried out without any regard to linguistic and cultural continuities, resulted in conflicts in Western Europe until the 20th century. Since the Middle Frankish Kingdom combined lengthy and vulnerable land borders with poor internal communications as it was severed by the Alps, it was not a viable entity and soon fragmented. This made it difficult for a single ruler to reassemble Charlemagne's empire. Only Charles the Fat achieved this briefly.

In 855, the northern section became fragile Lotharingia, which became disputed by the more powerful states that evolved out of West Francia (i.e., France) and East Francia (i.e., Germany). Generations of kings of France and Germany were unable to establish a firm rule over Lothair’s kingdom. While the north of Lotharingia was then composed of independent countries, the southern third of Lotharingia, Alsace-Lorraine, was traded back and forth between France and Germany from the 18th to the 20th century. In 1766, it passed to France after the death of Stanislaw Leszcyznski, who had acquired the region from the German Habsburgs by the Treaty of Vienna (1738) ending the War of Polish Succession (1733-1738). In 1871, Alsace-Lorraine became German, after the victory of Prussia and its German allies over the French in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). In 1919, it became French again by the Treaty of Versailles (1919), following the French victory over the Germans in World War I (1914-1918). In 1940, Germany reannexed Alsace-Lorraine following Germany's successful invasion of France. Finally, in 1945, after World War II (1939-1945), Alsace-Lorraine was solidified as French territory, which it remains to this day, more than a thousand years after the Treaty of Verdun. The collapse of the Middle Frankish Kingdom also compounded the disunity of the Italian Peninsula, which persisted into the 19th century.

After Lothair's death in 855, Upper and Lower Burgundy (Arles and Provence) passed to his third son, Charles of Provence, and the remaining territory north of the Alps to his second son, Lothair II, after whom the hitherto nameless territory was called Lotharingia. It would then become modern Lorraine. Lothair's eldest son, Louis II, inherited Italy and his father's claim to the Imperial throne.

[vegetarian-cyclist]

Burro's tail

Burro’s tail: what was the latest dream you had?

I forget my dreams a lot unfortunatelly, but one that stayed in my mind lately was that Polish TV produced a historical show which main plot was a ship Stanislaw Leszczynski/August III Sas which is RIDICULOUS because these two were Polish kings and they literally spend most of their lives fighting over a right to throne so it’d be a very passionate love-hate relationship I guess

Still would watch it tho

[archaeologyinbulgaria]

Bulgaria to Show Thracian Gold Treasure from Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo in ‘Insignia of Power’ Exhibition in Lazienki Museum in Poland

Bulgaria to Show Thracian Gold Treasure from Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo in ‘Insignia of Power’ Exhibition in Lazienki Museum in Poland

The 4th century BC golden laurel wreath from the Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure and the 29 gold rosettes attached to a band, which served as a crown to the Ancient Thracian ruler buried in the mound where the treasure was found. Photo: Bulgaria’s Ministry of Culture

Part of one of Bulgaria’s numerous stunning treasures from Ancient Thrace, the 4th century BC Zlatinitsa – Malomirovo Treasure, is…