#King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway

[theroyalsandi]

Nine European Sovereigns at Windsor Castle for the funeral of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (Photo courtesy of Royal Collection Trust) | May 20, 1910

Standing (left to right): King Haakon VII of Norway, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King Manuel of Portugal, Emperor William II of Germany, King George I of the Hellenes, King Albert of the Belgians Seated (left to right): King Alfonso XIII of Spain, King George V, King Frederick VIII of Denmark

[whencyclopedia]

Charles I of England

Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was a Stuart king who, like his father James I of England (r. 1603-1625), viewed himself as a monarch with absolute power and a divine right to rule. His lack of compromise with Parliament led to the English Civil Wars (1642-51), his execution, and the abolition of the monarchy in 1649.

King Charles grew tired of wrangles with Parliament over money and so decided to do without that institution for eleven years. Then between 1640 and 1642, Charles was obliged to call Parliament to raise cash for his campaigns against a Scottish army, which had occupied northern England, and a full-blown rebellion in Ireland, both fuelled by religious differences and the king’s high-handed policies. Parliament attempted to guarantee its own future, and when the king broke his promises of reform, war broke out. The English Civil War was largely fought between ‘Roundheads’ (Parliamentarians) and ‘Cavaliers’ (Royalists) in over 600 battles and sieges in England alone. Ultimately, the professional New Model Army won the day for Parliament and Charles I was tried and found guilty of treason to his own people and government. The king was executed on 30 January 1649. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) ruled the ‘commonwealth’ republic as Lord Protector, but his death was soon followed by the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The new king was Charles’ son, Charles II of England (r. 1660–1685).

Family & Early Life

Charles was born on 19 November 1600 in Dunfermline Palace, Scotland. His father was James I of England (who was also James VI of Scotland, r. 1567-1625), and his mother was Anne of Denmark (l. 1574-1619), the daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (r. 1559-1588). Charles’ grandmother was Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567). James I was of the royal Stuart line, and he had unified the thrones of Scotland and England after Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603) left no heir. Charles was the second son of King James, but his elder brother Henry died of typhoid fever in 1612 and so he became the heir apparent. Charles’ elder sister Elizabeth (b. 1596) married the King of Bohemia, and her grandson would rule England as George I of England (r. 1714-1727), the first of the Hanoverian Dynasty.

Charles did not enjoy robust health as a child, he was shy - perhaps because of his stammer, and he always came second-best when compared to his more favoured brother Henry. Reaching maturity, Charles spent a lot of time with King James’ hated courtier George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham. The duke was seen as a talentless social upstart who had enjoyed a meteoric rise only thanks to the king’s infatuation with him.

In 1624 it was arranged for Charles to marry Henrietta Maria (1609-1669), the young sister of Louis XIII of France (1610-1643). The French royal obviously did not mind the small stature of her betrothed - a mere 1.6 metres tall (5ft 4 in) or his reputation for being rather stubborn, dull-witted, and a complete stranger to a sense of humour. The couple went on to have nine children, the two eldest sons being Charles (b. 1630) and James (b. 1633), both of whom would one day become king.

Continue reading...

[graceofromanovs]

GODPARENTS OF NICHOLAS II

Born during his grandfather's reign on 18 May (New Style) 1868 at the Alexander Palace, Tsarkoe Selo in Saint Petersburg. He was the eldest son of Alexander III and his wife Maria Feodorovna (then, the Tsarevich and Tsarina of Russia). He was christened on 1 June at the  Chapel of the Resurrection of the Catherine Palace at Tsarskoe Selo, by the confessor of the imperial family, protopresbyter Vasily Borisovich Bazhanov. His godparents were: 

ALEXANDER II, EMPEROR OF RUSSIA - his paternal grandfather, the Russian Emperor stood as one of the godparents. He became the Emperor of All Russia in 1855. Alexander’s most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia’s serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator. He was assassinated in 1881 when the young Nicholas was only 12 years-old, to which he became the heir apparent upon his death.

PRINCESS MARIE OF HESSE AND BY RHINE, EMPRESS MARIA ALEXANDROVNA OF RUSSIA - his paternal grandmother, the consort of Emperor Alexander II, was another of his godparents. Known for her intellect, she was one of the founders of the Russian Red Cross Society. However, she suffered from tuberculosis from 1863 and spent long stays in southern Europe to avoid harsh winters. Although she and her husband were unofficially separated sometime after the death of their eldest son, Maria was treated with respect and love by her surviving family. Maria passed away from illness when the young Nicholas was still a child.

PRINCESS LOUISE OF HESSE-KASSEL, QUEEN CONSORT OF DENMARK - his maternal grandmother was listed as one of his godparents. Louise became the Queen consort of Denmark upon her husband's - King Christian IX - accession in 1863, just few years before her grandson Nicholas' birth. She, herself, was a niece of another King of Denmark (Christian VIII). The great dynastic success of Louise's six children was to a great extent a result of Louise's own ambitions - through them, she was a grandmother of not only the future Tsar of Russia (Nicholas II), but also that of King George V of the United Kingdom; King Constantine I of Greece; King Christian X of Denmark, and King Harken VII of Norway.

GRAND DUCHESS ELENA PAVLOVNA OF RUSSIA - his great-great-aunt, the wife of the late Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich, was one of his godparents. Born as Princess Charlotte of Württemberg, she became a close friend of his grandmother the Empress Maria Alexandrovna, and was known as an intellectual. She was also considered the most exceptional woman in the imperial family since Catherine the Great.

KING FREDERICK VIII OF DENMARK - then, the Crown Prince, his maternal uncle stood as one of his godparents. During the long reign of his father, he was largely excluded from influence and political power. Upon his father's death in 1906, he acceded to the throne at the advanced age of 62. In many ways, Frederick VIII was a liberal monarch who was much more favorable to the new parliamentary system introduced in 1901 than his father had been, being reform-minded and democratically inclined. 

Source

[imperivs]

The Nine Sovereigns at Windsor for the funeral of King Edward VII. 

Photo taken in 1910.

Standing, from left to right: King Haakon VII of Norway, Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King Manuel II of Portugal, Kaiser Wilhelm II of the German Empire, King George I of Greece and King Albert I of Belgium.

Seated, from left to right: King Alfonso XIII of Spain, King-Emperor George V of the United Kingdom and King Frederick VIII of Denmark. This is probably the only photograph of nine reigning kings ever taken.

[shylightqueen]

Frederiksborg Castle is a palatial complex in Hillerød, Denmark. It was built as a royal residence for King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway in the early 17th century, replacing an older castle acquired by Frederick II and becoming the largest Renaissance residence in Scandinavia.

[loiladadiani]

King Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm; 1870 – 1947); King of Denmark from 1912 to his death in 1947

I want to place this remarkable individual within the context of the many royal families we discuss in this blog. He had quite an eventful and successful reign, including transitioning his country into a constitutional monarchy, but this post is just about (some) of his relatives.

He was a grandson of Christian IX and the son of the future Frederick VIII. His brother was the future Hakoon VII of Norway. His paternal aunts were Dagmar (Empress Maria Feodorovna) and Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom. King George V, Queen Maud, and Tsar Nicholas II were his first cousins. Christian X's mother was Lovisa of Sweden.

He was raised strictly in a palace part of the Amelienborg Palace complex. He received a military education and studied at the Officers Academy.

Christian initially loved Princess Marguerite of Orleans, but his feelings were not returned, so he married Princess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg Schwerin. Alexandrine's maternal line was Romanov...her mother, Anastasia, was the daughter of Nicholas I's younger son, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaievich. They had two sons: Prince Frederick (1899–1972), later King Frederick IX of Denmark and Prince Knud (1900–1976)

In case you are wondering, he was 6 feet 7 inches tall.

What a dynasty Christian IX and Queen Louise gave to the world!

[blackswaneuroparedux]

Τα μεν γαρ άλλα δεύτερα αν πάσχη γυνή, ανδρός δ’ αμαρτάνουσα, αμαρτάνει βίου.* - Euripides *Other misfortunes are secondary for a woman, but if she loses her husband, she loses her life.

Queen Anne-Marie of Greece is the widow of the late King Constantine II of Greece, who reigned from 1964 until 1973. She was born Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on 30 August 1946.

Anne-Marie is the youngest daughter of King Frederick IX of Denmark and his wife Ingrid of Sweden. She is the youngest sister of the reigning Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and cousin of the reigning King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.

In 1961, she spent a year at an English boarding school in Switzerland - the Chatelard School for Girls. In 1963, to improve her French, Queen Anne-Marie attended a Swiss finishing school, 'Le Mesnil', until the Spring of 1964. She also speaks Greek, English and of course Danish.

Queen Anne-Marie first met King Constantine of Greece as a young girl in 1959, when he visited Copenhagen on a journey to Sweden and Norway, as Crown Prince, with his parents, King Paul I and Queen Frederica.

She met him again in Denmark in 1961. He had declared to his parents that he intended to marry her.

On 14 May, 1962, Crown Prince Constantine's elder sister, Princess Sophia, married the Spanish Prince Juan Carlos in a double ceremony in Athens at the Roman Catholic Cathedral and the Orthodox Cathedral.

More than 100 royal guests came to Athens, and Princess Anne-Marie was a bridesmaid. Queen Frederica of Greece recorded that, at the reception, her son Crown Prince Constantine 'would dance only with Anne-Marie'.

In 1963, centenary celebrations of the Greek Royal Family began with a State Visit from Princess Anne-Marie's parents, King Frederick and Queen Ingrid of Denmark.

In March 1964, King Paul I died after a short illness, and Constantine succeeded him to the Greek throne.

King Constantine came to the throne with much goodwill, which was expressed in abundance when, on 18 September 1964 (six months after his accession) he married his beautiful Danish Princess in what was described at the time, as 'the most radiant of Athenian royal weddings'. Even an old republican, the 76 year old Prime Minister, George Papandreou, was seen to be enjoying himself thoroughly with the bride and bridegroom.

Queen Anne-Marie devoted much of her time as Queen of Greece to 'Her Majesty's Fund'. This was a charitable foundation started by her mother-in-law, Queen Frederica. It helped people in rural areas of Greece and supported crafts such as embroidery and weaving. She also worked closely with the Red Cross, and various charities.

On 21 April, 1967, political problems in Athens intensified with the Colonel's coup. A month later, Queen Anne-Marie gave birth to Crown Prince Pavlos at the family's country estate, Tatoi.

In December, after his attempt to restore democracy failed, King Constantine and his family left Greece from Kavalla for Rome. With the King, the Queen and the two children were King Constantine's mother, Queen Frederica and his younger sister Princess Irene. They landed at a military airport in Italy because they were running out of fuel.

Queen Anne-Marie and her family stayed first at the Greek Embassy in Rome for 2 months and then took a house at Olgiata on the outskirts of the city.

Later in 1968, they moved to 13, Via di Porta Latina - where they lived until 1973. On 1 October 1969, Queen Anne-Marie gave birth to Prince Nikolaos in the Villa Claudia Clinic near her home in Rome.

In 1974, Queen Anne-Marie moved with King Constantine to England, after a brief stay with her mother in Denmark. King Constantine had been officially deposed by the military Government on 1 June 1973 and a Republic declared by colonel Papadopoulos.

The family's first home was in Chobham in Surrey. Then they moved to a house in Hampstead in North London, where they have lived ever since. Queen Anne-Marie calls it her 'Home away from home'.

Queen Anne-Marie's family grew larger with the birth of Princess Theodora at St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, in London on 9 June 1983, and Prince Philippos on 26 April 1986.

Queen Anne-Marie helped to start this remarkable bilingual educational initiative in 1980. She is now Honorary Chairman of the school, and devotes a lot of her time to it.

Her first visit to Greece since she left with her family in 1967, was for a few hours, for the funeral of King Constantine's mother, Queen Frederica, in 1981.

Queen Frederica died suddenly in Madrid. Her wish had been to be buried beside her husband, King Paul, at the family estate at Tatoi. The family was given permission to attend - but could not spend a night in their country. They landed at a little airfield near Tatoi, and were welcomed by large crowds. It was, for Queen Anne-Marie and her family, a moving and sad occasion.

She visited Greece again with King Constantine and her family on a private visit by sea in 1993. They went, 'Not knowing what to expect. Wherever we went, people came out to greet us. It was extraordinary and very moving'. It was the first visit for her younger children.

In 2013, The Greek government allowed the ex-monarch to come back to Greece. Constantine returned to reside in Greece. He and his wife Anne-Marie purchased a villa in Porto Cheli, Peloponnese, residing there until they relocated to Athens in the spring of 2022

Wherever they were in the world, Queen Anne-Marie was a constant source of support and stability not just for her exiled husband but also their five children. She made sure that the family spoke Greek at home with all her children learning to be fluent.

She was the one also the family retained close links with all the royal families of Europe - and particularly with the British, Spanish and Danish Royal Families.

Queen Anne-Marie's father, King Frederik IX of Denmark was an accomplished musician and she has inherited his love of classical music - Beethoven, Bach, Tchaikowsky, Wagner. She has always been fascinated by historical biographies.

She had been, above all, the greatest support to her husband over many years of change. They had been happily married for 58 years until the King Constantine II died on 10th January 2023. She remains the last Queen of Greece.

[venicepearl]

Louise of Great Britain (18 December 1724 – 19 December 1751) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1746 until her death, as the first wife of King Frederick V. She was the youngest surviving daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach.

The marriage between Louise and Frederick V of Denmark was arranged solely for political reasons (King George's ministers wanted Danish support in disputes with Prussia). Although the marriage was arranged, the couple got along quite well, at least during the first years of marriage. Louisa, who encouraged performances by actors and musicians, was a popular figure at the Danish court even though she never exerted significant influence over her husband's decision-making.

[scotianostra]

On April 14th 1578: James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell died, insane, in Denmark’s notorious Dragholm Prison.

Second story of the week regarding Mary Queen of Scots third husband. After Mary was sent to Lochleven, he is said to have made desperate efforts to raise an army on her behalf, but, dogged by the allegations that he had been Darnley’s murderer, he had limited success.

To understand this part of his story we have to rewind to when Bothwell visited Copenhagen almost twenty years previously, where he met and married the Norwegian Anna Trondsen but later deserted her.

After failing to gain support for Mary in Scotland Hepburn set sail from Aberdeen to Shetland and from there he planned to to travel to Denmark to raise an army with the support of Frederick II of Denmark to recover Mary’s throne, but was forced by stormy seas towards Norway. He was caught off the coast of Norway without proper papers, and was escorted to Bergen, the home of Anna Throndsen.

Anna issued a complaint against him and her cousin Erik Rosenkrantz, a high-level official, remanded him to a local prison. Anna sued him for abandonment and the return of her dowry, but was persuaded by Bothwell to take his ship as compensation. He would then have been released, but King Frederick of Denmark had heard news that the English were seeking Bothwell for the alleged murder of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and decided to take him into custody in Denmark.

On arrival, he was imprisoned in Dragholm Castle, where he was chained to a pillar half his own height, rendering him incapable of standing upright. Mary obtained an annulment of their marriage in 1570, but Bothwell was to remain there, crouching in the dark and in his own filth until his death on eight years later. The pillar to which Bothwell was chained can still be seen, with a circular groove in the floor around it where he purportedly spent for the last years of his life.

He was buried at Faarevejle, but it was discovered that the sea air had preserved his body. His body has been exhumed several times and displayed in an open casket at Frederiksborg Museum in Copenhagen. The rather gruesome painting depicts the head of Bothwell’s mummified body, the next two pics are his open coffin and how it looks today.

There’s a more complete story of Bothwell’s end here. https://strangeco.blogspot.com/search?q=bothwell

[greekroyalfamily]

Happy 24th wedding Anniversary to HRH Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark and Carlos Morales Quintana, who got married in London on this day in 1999! The eldest child of King Constantine and Queen Anne Marie of Greece, Princess Alexia’s wedding was attended by a large royal contingent.

HRH Princess Alexia announcement of the engagement was made at 20-03-1999

On July 7th, there was a grand pre-wedding gala at Bridgewater House in London two days before their Wedding, with many members of her family, including King Constantine and Queen Anne Marie, Crown Prince Pavlos and Crown Princess Marie Chantal, Prince Nikolaos Princess Theodora, Prince Philipos, and Princess Irene, Queen Ingrid, Queen Margrethe, Prince Henrik, and Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark, Queen Sofia, King Juan Carlos, the Prince of Asturias, Infanta Elena, and Infanta Cristina of Spain, and Princess Benedikte of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg with Prince Gustav, Princess Alexandra, and Princess Nathalie. Other Royal Guests included Queen Beatrix of The Netherlands, Queen Sonja and Crown Prince Haakon of Norway, Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine of Serbia, Prince Kyril and Princess Rosario of Bulgaria, Princess Badiya of Jordan, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent among a series of Royal and Noble Guests and Relatives

The Wedding Ceremony was held at the Greek Orthodox .Cathedral of Saint Sophia in London on July.

Princess Alexia wore a Inge Sprawson gown with Princess Margaret of Connaught’s lace veil, the Khedive of Egypt Tiara (which all female descendants of Queen Ingrid wear at their wedding ) and her Diamond Earrings. Carlos Morales Quintana wore Morning Dress.

The Greek Royal Family has links to all the European Royal Houses, and many guests travelled to London to take part in this event. Three Kings and eight Queens were in attendance, including Queen Elizabeth II, who rarely attends foreign royal events, Queen Margrethe, Prince Henrik, and Queen Ingrid of Denmark, King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain, King Carl GVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden, Queen Noor of Jordan, Queen Sonja of Norway, and Grand Duke Jean and Grand Duchess Josephine Charlotte of Luxembourg.

Χρονια πολλά για την 24η επέτειο γάμου Στην ΑΒΥ Αλεξία της Ελλάδας και της Δανίας και τον Κάρλος Μοράλες Κουιντάνα, που παντρεύτηκαν στο Λονδίνο σαν σήμερα το 1999! Στο γάμο της πριγκίπισσας Αλεξίας, του μεγαλύτερου παιδιού του βασιλιά Κωνσταντίνου και της Βασίλισσας Άννας Μαρίας της Ελλάδας, παραβρέθηκε μεγάλη βασιλική ομάδα.

Η ανακοίνωση του αρραβώνα της ΑΒΥ Πριγκιπισσας Αλεξιας έγινε στις 20-03-1999

Στις 7 Ιουλίου, έγινε ένα μεγαλειώδες προγαμήλιο γκαλά στο Bridgewater House στο Λονδίνο δύο ��μέρες πριν από τον γάμο τους, με πολλά μέλη της οικογένειάς της, όπως ο βασιλιάς Κωνσταντίνος και η βασίλισσα Άννα Μαρία, ο διάδοχος του θρόνου Παύλος και η διάδοχος πριγκίπισσα Μαρία Σαντάλ, ο Πρίγκιπας Νικόλαος Πριγκίπισσα Θεοδώρα, ο πρίγκιπας Φίλιππος και η πριγκίπισσα Ειρήνη, η βασίλισσα Ίνγκριντ, η βασίλισσα Μαργαρίτα , ο πρίγκιπας Ερρίκος και ο διάδοχος Φρειδερίκος της Δανίας, η βασίλισσα Σοφία, ο βασιλιάς Χουάν Κάρλος, ο Πρίγκιπας της Αστούριας, η Ινφάντα Έλενα και η Ινφάντα Κριστίνα της Ισπανίας και η Πριγκίπισσα Βενεδίκτη της Ο Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg με τον πρίγκιπα Gustav, την πριγκίπισσα Alexandra και την πριγκίπισσα Nathalie. Άλλοι βασιλικοί προσκεκλημένοι ήταν η βασίλισσα Βεατρίκη της Ολλανδίας, η βασίλισσα Sonja και ο διάδοχος πρίγκιπας Haakon της Νορβηγίας, ο διάδοχος Αλέξανδρος και η διάδοχος πριγκίπισσα Αικατερίνη της Σερβίας, ο πρίγκιπας Κύριλλος και η πριγκίπισσα Ροζάριο της Βουλγαρίας, η πριγκίπισσα Badiya της Ιορδανίας, ο δούκας και η δούκισσα του Gloucester και Ο Πρίγκιπας και η Πριγκίπισσα Μιχαήλ του Κεντ μεταξύ μιας σειράς Βασιλικών και Ευγενών Προσκεκλημένων και Συγγενών

Η Γαμήλια Τελετή πραγματοποιήθηκε στον Ελληνορθόδοξο Καθεδρικό Ναό της Αγίας Σοφίας στο Λονδίνο στις 9 Ιούλιου.

Η πριγκίπισσα Αλεξία φορούσε ένα φόρεμα Inge Sprawson με το δαντελένιο πέπλο της πριγκίπισσας Margaret of Connaught, την Khedive of Egypt Tiara (την οποία φορούν στο γάμο τους ολες οι γυναίκες απόγονοι της Βασίλισσας Ίνγκριντ ) και τα διαμαντένια σκουλαρίκια της. Ο Carlos Morales Quintana φορούσε Πρωινό κουστούμι .

Η Ελληνική Βασιλική Οικογένεια έχει συνδέσμους με όλους τους Ευρωπαϊκούς Βασιλικούς Οίκους και πολλοί καλεσμένοι ταξίδεψαν στο Λονδίνο για να λάβουν μέρος σε αυτή την εκδήλωση. Τρεις βασιλιάδες και οκτώ βασίλισσες ήταν παρόντες, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της βασίλισσας Ελισάβετ Β', η οποία σπάνια παρευρίσκεται σε ξένες βασιλικές εκδηλώσεις, η βασίλισσα Μαργαρίτα , ο πρίγκιπας Ερρίκος και η βασίλισσα Ίνγκριντ της Δανίας, ο βασιλιάς Χουάν Κάρλος και η βασίλισσα Σοφία της Ισπανίας, ο Βασιλιάς Καρλ Γκουστάφ και η Βασίλισσα Σίλβια Σουηδία, η βασίλισσα Noor της Ιορδανίας, η βασίλισσα Sonja της Νορβηγίας και ο μεγάλος δούκας Jean και η μεγάλη δούκισσα Josephine Charlotte του Λουξεμβούργου.

[alex-in-the-aether]

*guy who has been having fun on Wikipedia voice* Some king of Denmark had dyslexia and did very well in life. He built Kronborg castle in Elsinore again between 1574 and 1585. In 1567 he began Fredrikstad in Norway. This was a huge time of wealth and growth in Danish history.

*guy who has been having fun on Wikipedia voice* there was a 6th century Irish saint that may have discovered the Faroe Islands before the Norse settled there in the 9th century

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.17 (before 1970)

1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Florida with 600 men – by 1536 only four survive. 1536 – George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford and four other men are executed for treason. 1536 – Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage is annulled. 1590 – Anne of Denmark is crowned Queen of Scotland. 1642 – Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve founds the Ville Marie de Montréal. 1648 – Emperor Ferdinand III defeats Maximilian I of Bavaria in the Battle of Zusmarshausen. 1673 – Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette begin exploring the Mississippi River. 1756 – Seven Years' War formally begins when Great Britain declares war on France 1760 – French forces besieging Quebec retreat after the Royal Navy arrives to relieve the British garrison. 1792 – The New York Stock Exchange is formed under the Buttonwood Agreement. 1805 – Muhammad Ali becomes Wāli of Egypt. 1809 – Emperor Napoleon I orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. 1814 – Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian. 1814 – The Constitution of Norway is signed and Crown Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark is elected King of Norway by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly. 1859 – Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified the first rules of Australian rules football. 1863 – Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, the first book in the Galician language. 1865 – The International Telegraph Union (later the International Telecommunication Union) is established in Paris. 1875 – Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby with the jockey Oliver Lewis (2:37.75). 1900 – The children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is first published in the United States. The first copy is given to the author's sister. 1902 – Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais discovers the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient mechanical analog computer. 1914 – The Protocol of Corfu is signed, recognising full autonomy to Northern Epirus under nominal Albanian sovereignty. 1915 – The last British Liberal Party government (led by H. H. Asquith) falls. 1933 – Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form Nasjonal Samling — the national-socialist party of Norway. 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Largo Caballero government resigns in the wake of the Barcelona May Days, leading Juan Negrín to form a government, without the anarcho-syndicalist CNT, in its stead 1939 – The Columbia Lions and the Princeton Tigers play in the United States' first televised sporting event, a collegiate baseball game in New York City. 1940 – World War II: Germany occupies Brussels, Belgium. 1943 – World War II: Dambuster Raids commence by No. 617 Squadron RAF. 1953 – Delta Air Lines Flight 318 crashes near Marshall, Texas, killing 19. 1954 – The United States Supreme Court hands down a unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, outlawing racial segregation in public schools. 1967 – Six-Day War: President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt demands dismantling of the peace-keeping UN Emergency Force in Egypt. 1969 – Venera program: Soviet Venera 6 begins its descent into the atmosphere of Venus, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.

[alexbkrieger13]

It’s just that she has always said that she has no intention to abdicate, that it’s a job for life. Elizabeth II was something of a role model to her and of course she never abdicated. Nor is it a tradition in Scandinavia. So something must have changed her mind.

Maybe she is sick, but on the one hand if she knows she hasn’t got a lot of time left, there would be no reason to abdicate, Frederick will be king soon enough anyway. And if she is indisposed he can act as crown prince regent. So maybe her health isn’t the best, the crown prince couple is popular, so she simply wishes to see her son be king. That would be sweet.

It makes sense in this day and age to abdicate because most people get pretty old. It’s not like before when kings died at war before they were 40, back then the problem was that the new king was often still a child and needed a regent for that reason. By abdicating, monarchs over 75-80 years old can enjoy some well earned rest, and their heir can get to work while still in their 40’s or 50’s, instead of waiting until they’re almost 70.

It will be very interesting to see how this affects the other Scandinavian monarchs. King Harold of Norway is even older and Crown Prince Haakon steps in a lot already. Just like in Denmark, the heir to the heir is also now over 18, so if he abdicates the new heir to the throne will be an adult. I don’t think the Swedish king will abdicate any time soon. He still seems full of energy and Victoria’s children are younger. As long as he can still do his job well and Victoria has young children I think he definitely won’t abdicate. Both to give her more time with her children and because there wouldn’t be an heir of age if he handed the throne over before Estelle turns 18.

yea hasn't been common to do in the scandi counties, if i had to guess it was probably health-related. other European monarchies have had abdications recently so maybe that played a part in her decision but hard to see if we see it repeated. King Harold if i had to guess cause he's definitely getting on in age.

[sasa-chans-random-history]

January 05

[1855] King Camp Gillette, American inventor and first manufacturer of a razor with disposable blades, was born.

[1931] Robert Duvall, American award-winning actor and filmmaker, born in San Diego, California.

[1934] Eddy Pieters Graafland OON, Dutch football goalkeeper, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[1938] Piet Kruiver, Dutch footballer, born in Koog aan de Zaan, Netherlands.

[1938] Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-2014), born in Rome, Italy.

[1946] Diane Keaton, American actress, born in Los Angeles, California.

[1951] Steve Arnold, English footballer, born in Willesden, London.

[1960] Glenn Strömberg, Swedish footballer, born in Lundby Gothenburg, Sweden.

[1965] Vinnie Jones, English-born Welsh footballer and actor, born in Watford, United Kingdom.

[1969] Marilyn Manson, American shock-rock singer-songwriter, artist and actor, born in Canton, Ohio.

[1975] Bradley Cooper, American actor, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

[1976] Diego Tristán, Spanish footballer, born in La Algaba, Spain.

[1978] January Jones, American actress and model, born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

[1979] Ronnie O'Brien, Irish footballer, born in Bray, County Wicklow.

[1986] Teppei Koike, Japanese actor and singer, born in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.

[1989] Krisztián Németh, Hungarian football striker, born in Győr, Hungary.

[1066] Edward the Confessor, King of England (1042-66) and the last King from the House of Wessex, dies at around 60 to 63.

[1286] Zhenjin, Crown Prince of the Mongol Empire, dies at 43.

[1387] Pedro IV, King of Aragon/conqueror of Sicily, dies at 67.

[1448] Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark (1440-48), Norway (1441-48) and Sweden (1442-48), dies suddenly at 31.

[1477] Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1467-77), killed in the Battle of Nancy by Swiss mercenaries at 43.

[1589] Catherine de' Medici, Italian born Queen Consort to King Henry II of France and later regent to her sons, dies at 69.

[1762] Elizabeth of Russia, Empress of Russia (1741-62) and daughter of Peter the Great, dies at 52.

[1827] Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, second son of King George III of Great Britain, died.

[1929] Nicholas Nikolaevich Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia and General in World War I (1914-18), dies at 72.

[2014] Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, Portuguese footballer, dies from heart failure at 71.

[2018] Antonio Valentín Angelillo, Italian-Argentinian footballer dies at 80.

[2019] Dragoslav Šekularac, Serbian footballer dies at 81.

[2020] Hans Tilkowski, German football goalkeeper, dies at 84.

[2021] Colin Bell, English football midfielder, dies at 74.

[americaisthetrueoldworld]

Grand Tartary was In North America

Grand Tartary was In North America

Grand Tartary was in North America is an appropriate post, since it’s been a lot of talk about Tartary (Tartaria) lately, since this was an advanced civilization that was suppressed by the powers that be. Tartary on old maps is in Asia near Russia (see post images). What if America was Asia Major and Moscow, which is the capitol of Russia, was in North America by Fancisca (France)? This evidence…

[princessvictoriamelita]

King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark with their descendants, c. 1883.

Back row: Prince Albert Victor of Wales, Princess Alexandra of Wales, Prince Valdemar of Denmark, Empress Maria Feodorovna, Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, Queen Olga of Greece, Princess Victoria of Wales, King George I of Greece, Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark, Crown Princess Louise of Denmark and Prince Christian of Denmark.

Middle row: Princess Louise of Wales, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, King Christian IX of Crown Princess Thyra of Hanover, Baby Princess Alexandra of Hanover seated on her mother's lap, Princess Marie Louise of Hanover, Queen Louise of Denmark, Hereditary Prince George William of Hanover, Tsarevich Nicholas, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich, Princess Maud of Wales and Prince Carl of Denmark.

Front row: Prince Harald of Denmark, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, Princess Thyra of Denmark, Princess Louise of Denmark, Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark and Princess Ingeborg of Denmark.