#Internationally approved courses

[matan4il]

have you ever been able to have any Palestinian friends? I'm not asking this as a gotcha question at all, but sincerely (I know anons on here can be scary), I was wondering about it because an Israeli I follow on Instagram was asked about this a few days ago in his stories, and he said he was never able to have friends in Gaza, but he did have friends in the West Bank, and they've almost all cut him off completely following 10/7, and some really hurt him by showing support for the massacre. he said he's still got his Arab Israeli and Palestinian friends who are Israeli citizens, that they may disagree sometimes but haven't to a breaking point because they live in the nation together and want peace and are supportive of each other through differences, but those friendships in the West Bank are sadly over. he also said that he's had friends he's known for years from places all over the world who dropped him after the terror attack just because he's Israeli and Jewish, which I think is all too familiar for ALL of us because I don't know a single Jew who hasn't lost multiple friends, online and off, through all this and through no fault of their own, just existing as Jews. it makes me so sad. but knowing he was cut off because of support of the massacre from Palestinians was depressing to hear, you think people are your friends and then find out they approve your people's rape and slaughter? and until they stop deeply hating Jews to that point, how can there be peace? he seems like such a good person and centers humanity and does want peace, as I know most Israelis do, but one side can't achieve that alone.

sorry this is long. *hugs*

Hi Nonnie,

thank you for the ask, and I hope you're doing good! *hugs*

I have had Palestinian friends. True, not from Gaza. Israel left it in 2005, and there has been an internationally recognized border between us since. Ironically, I think the only Israelis who could have given you a different answer up until Oct 7 were the southern communities that Hamas attacked and massacred. They lived right on the border, most were left wing Israelis, many volunteered to help Palestinians in one capacity or another (such as driving them to get medical care inside Israel), or chose to employ Palestinians (despite how some might have warned them that it's a security risk), and that illusion of friendship was shattered when it became clear that it was exactly those Gazans who provided the intel on southern Israeli communities, that was needed to plan and carry out the massacre. Not every single Gazan, of course. But enough that this is a true betrayal in the worst sense of the word.

In my case, some of the Palestinians I've befriended over the years have been uni friends or colleagues, but the closest and longest lasting friendships have been with gay Palestinians who I share a community with. They can't be safely openly gay anywhere under Palestinian rule, so they would come to Israeli gay community centers, and were received warmly there. I also was in one fandom, where someone heard I'm from Jerusalem, and said they know another Israeli from Jerusalem. Turned out, it was a Palestinian girl from East Jerusalem, and while I'm no longer that active in said fandom, I'm still in touch with that girl.

I feel very lucky to say that I haven't lost these friendships since Oct 7. Ironic, because I've "lost" friendships (if that's what they ever were) with so many hypocritical foreigners who don't live this conflict, and aren't affected by it, beyond their need to show everyone they're "on the right side," but I haven't lost the people who are actually a part of it. It's almost like foreigners have no idea about the actual complicated reality of this conflict, nor a desire to learn about it, just a need to reduce it to "good" and "bad," taking whichever side social media tells them is the former. My Palestinian friends know me, they know how I treat other human beings (spoiler alert: as human beings!) and they also know my opinions, and that I see myself as being both pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian. I guess they agree with me that my opinions are in favor of both groups, or I'm sure that they would have cut ties with me already.

There is one exception, though it predates Hamas' massacre. I've mentioned in my pride post that I've volunteered for the gay community in my city, at the Jerusalem Open House. In fact, there was a certain year where I won an award for being the organization's stand out volunteer. I mention this, because I have always seen myself as being there for everyone, and I feel like that award was an acknowledgement of that.

The very first Palestinian queer organization ever actually started out as "the Palestinian project" of the JOH, an attempt to create a safe space for, support and help queer Palestinians. One member of the group became very dominant and after a few years, she decided they should be an independent organization. The JOH gave its blessing, and agree to rent out one of its offices to her, and provide the physical space for the organization's activities (since obviously, they couldn't be openly held in Ramallah or Bethlehem, under the rule of the Palestinian Authority). I met her there, and we became friends. Not the closest, but def more than just acquaintances. I was very proud of her work for her community, and often told others about it.

One day, I was sitting in the JOH main space, talking to people about the problem of honor killings. It's widespread within Arab society (one researcher believes about 20,000 women are murdered for this around the world every year), and that includes Palestinians. I was specifically asked about it, and was answering the question out of a deep concern for Palestinian lives, mainly women and queers (including my own friends), threatened or murdered for the perception that they "violated" their family's honor. For the record, such a violation can be simply a guy kissing another one, a woman being raped, a biological male coming out and living as a trans woman, a mother getting a divorce and dating a new man, or a daughter defying her father's wishes and pursuing higher education. I have seen Palestinians (and Israeli Arabs) murdered for all of these reasons, and I HATE it and think more needs to be done to prevent such crimes. I also have queer Palestinian friends, who have tried to seek refuge in western countries because of a threat to their lives within their own society, sometimes from their own families. They were denied, and had to go deep into the closet. It's a miserable existence, and I wouldn't wish it on anyone.

She walked by while I was talking. IDK what exactly she heard, but she then went to the CEO of the JOH and complained that I was being racist. For caring about the lives of Palestinians. For comparison, I linked above to an Amnesty International piece about honor killings. Are they being racist for bringing up this problem, and speaking up for Arab women everywhere, too? The CEO called me in for a talk, was convinced that I wasn't being racist, and that was that. But it left me shook up. That was the first time I realized that this woman prioritized Palestinian society's appearance, over the actual well being of fellow Palestinian women and queers. I never talked to her again after that, nor did she ever speak to me.

I also started seeing her and her organization becoming openly anti-Israel, even when it harmed the community she was supposed to serve. In Sep 2021, there was even an article published about it, calling out the hypocrisy of attacking Israel, while this country's existence is what even enables that organization to operate, since they can't do so under Palestinian rule. And my friends who were seeking sanctuary from the threats to their lives from within their own society? They never got legal help in that pursuit from her organization, only from Israeli ones. I think that's a tragedy.

The last time her organization filed the needed reports to be officially recognized as an NGO in Israel was 2020. They obviously continued to be active after that, and still are (at least on social media, where they echo the anti-Israel narrative since the war started), but IDK if they're even doing anything real for queer Palestinians anymore, or whether she still heads it. Whenever I think about it, I'm just sad for all the people she should have helped, but who turned out to be less important to her than a nationalistic, antisemitic (that's what it is when she demands self determination for her people, but denies that right to Jews, as she does by supporting the BDS movement) and self-destructive (to her own community) struggle.

And yes, on a personal level, I felt betrayed by her, though I've also felt like her betrayal of her own people was way worse.

I think at the end of the day, for many Palestinians and Israeli Arabs, the question is what are they more attached to, that nationalistic, antisemitic struggle, or they (and their people's) well being. If you look at Mosab Hassan Youssef, I think what says it all, is that the son of a Hamas co-founder could end up on the side of Israel, initially not because of anything Israel did, but because he saw Palestinians in prison being tortured and killed by Hamas, and he gave a damn about his own people.

BTW, out of curiosity, who is the Israeli you're following, who got you wondering about this? And I really hope my reply was in some way helpful. Take good care! xoxox

(for all of my updates and ask replies regarding Israel, click here)

[darkmaga-returns]

Update(1320ET): On Thursday President Vladimir Putin issued a stern warning in the wake of Ukraine launching long-range strikes on Russia's territory utilizing newly approved US and UK long-range missiles.

"Kiev has launched a long-range missile strike against military facilities located within internationally-recognized Russian territory," began his televised address by saying. He confirmed British-made Storm Shadow missiles and US-made HIMARS were fired targets located in Bryansk and Kursk Regions.

He said this action threatens to turn the Ukraine conflict into a global war. "A regional Ukraine conflict instigated by the West has acquired elements of a global one," Putin spelled out, and noted that these systems cannot be used without the direct operational involvement of Western military specialists. 

But he went on to claim that the inbound Western rockets were intercepted by Russian defenses. "The goals that have apparently been set by the enemy have not been achieved." He suggested injuries among some personnel at a command center in Kursk, but noted it continues full operations. He also asserted that no Western systems can counter Russia's new missiles, on display earlier in the day.

"The use of such weapons by the enemy cannot affect the course of the situation in the Special Military Operation zone," Putin stressed. He also said it was a big mistake for the US to pull out of the the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 2019.

[fumblingmusings]

give us some Francex Spain headcanons please

This is so long and unorganised, apologies. TL;DR - Francis is lucky Antonio is so placid, because the moments he bites back genuinely frighten him, but the status quo of him sitting neatly on top of Spain always seems to swing back around. Again, Francis is lucky Toni's life ambition is to own a cafe...

For proper context - I imagine Antonio as Castille first, then comes to represent Spain as a whole, though I imagine there will be representations of Galicia, Catalonia/Aragon etc. just like there's the regions of Japan or Picardy for France or indeed how Arthur represents the UK internationally, but of course his brothers are still very much around. So, just for why I think Francis and Antonio have a relationship which goes way back.

Francis and Antonio I imagine as a sin/cos curve... like when Francis is up high, above Toni, things are 'correct' and in their natural place. They're friendly as Antonio is such a mild mannered friendly kid he's quite content to sit and listen to Francis crow about his amazing Kings and fancy court and so on. Francis loves to brag about how it's him that's the true heir to Rome, not the Germans. Spain nods, thinking about other more important things back home.

France used Spain very much as a bulwark against the al-Andalus parts of the Iberian Peninsula - as Francis at the time of Charlemagne and thereafter loved to see himself as the saviour of Europe, so as time goes by and we zip by the occasional Castille/France team up versus England/Portugal you start to get an increasingly influential Spain by the late 15th century, and the trouble is... Toni wants the same thing as Francis. And oddly enough, he's better at getting what he wants, despite seemingly not really trying. Maybe because he is honest to goodness just a little bit less... smug? But sometimes reading Spanish history in the 1500s is going like: Oh. Well that was convenient. It's not the reality of course, but it must have been very frustrating.

Antonio also dislikes the same things as Francis. So it's interesting. When they're fighting my God do they go at it. When they're on the same side their a pretty solid duo. But I love the idea of Antonio just pissing Francis off at times, and like... sometimes just by vibing. The man's vibes are zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz. And Francis - depending on his ego that day - finds it rancid. I know a lot of people don't like the way Antonio is characterised, but I love him as he is so shh. He's so disconnected at times from the reality going on around him. Only his immediate circle matters. He doesn't seem to really understand his Civil War. I think compared to Francis, who is much more in tune with his people... it gets messy.

The trouble comes because Francis is jealous, and likes his standing as number one in Europe. No-one can challenge that. But Antonio does, for a good century or even two, and maybe Antonio doesn't necessarily mean to, but his King and Queens do, or maybe Antonio finds that ambition suits him. The 15th through to mid 17th century gives him the ability to out class Francis. Maybe it's not intentional at first, but once Antonio finally grasps what he may be about to lose during the Thirty Years War and then the failing of his line of the Habsburgs... the ugliness comes out full force.

But... Like to show the overlap once Spain starts to really assert themselves in the late 15th Century, and how truly infuriated Francis must have been at points. They both have a vested interest in Italy - Antonio wins that one. Francis has a stake in Barcelona - Antonio wins that one. They both want the Low Countries. Antonio wins that one. Antonio gets Holy Roman Empire. And the actual creme de la creme... Antonio has divided the world in two with that blooming Treaty of Tordesillas. And the Pope was the one to approve that one. The Pope! The guy who says France is the most important nation for Christianity in Europe (save HRE but... oh look Spain is now Holy Roman Emperor too Jesus Christ).

Needless to say, Francis feels the universe is conspiring against him. God's not still mad about that Avignon Pope... is he?

So Francis is forever looking for ways to kick Antonio in the shins - to go back to him being the main guy in Europe, the guy who wants it and works for it and you know Francis more than anything wants to admired. Antonio... oh. Not sure what he wants more than anything really. A peaceful life. Which he did not get to have for most of his existence really. Arthur and Sadık are handy for Francis to use from time to time to deal a smack to Antonio, but otherwise it's him looking at this guy who - let's be generous - is not the most ambitious man going, who seems to just grow more and more powerful, more and more influential and it eaaaaaaaaats at Francis.

But you know. Habsburgs. Religion. War. Antonio finally understands what he stands to loose, and ah. There's the ambition and drive. But he still looses, and now there's a Bourbon in charge and he is unable to ever fully get back up to that the ascent that the Trastámaras started. Pacte de Famille pops up again and again in the 18th Century, and I like the idea of it being characterised as Francis using Antonio's love of the Italies, and the fact that Arthur is increasingly a pain in the fucking arse for the both of them. Again, both Francis and Antonio love the same things. They also hate the same things. Sometimes that thing is a god awful English dude and sometimes love and hate are indistinguishable.

Like, Francis can loathe Arthur at points, but at least Arthur works to be a pain in the arse. Toni... wants to own a cafe. And he isn't even that good at it.

[blush-boulevard]

𝓡𝓸𝔂𝓪𝓵 𝓡𝓱𝓪𝓹𝓼𝓸𝓭𝔂

𝐋𝐄𝐄 𝐓𝐀𝐄𝐘𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐗 𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐑- Lee Taeyong, the lead vocalist of NCT, 127 finds his world intertwined with Y/N, a member of the Korean royal family, at a secret palace concert.

female reader/ Lee Taeyong x reader/ fluff/ romance/ idol au/ Royalty AU/ NCT 127/ Lee Taeyong

word count: 2363

~ @nikisgirl15 ｜𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬｜𝑅𝒰𝐿𝐸𝒮 𝒜𝒩𝒟 𝒢𝒰𝐼𝒟𝐸𝐿𝐼𝒩𝐸𝒮｜𝕮𝖔𝖒𝖒𝖎𝖘𝖘𝖎𝖔𝖓𝖘｜𝓜𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓮𝓻𝓵𝓲𝓼𝓽 ~

Lee Taeyong, the charismatic leader of the internationally acclaimed boy group NCT, stood in the shadows of the grand ballroom, his heart racing like a caffeinated rabbit. He had never been to a place like this before—opulent chandeliers casting a warm glow, the faint scent of fresh flowers permeating the air, and a floor so shiny it could give a mirror a run for its money. His bandmates were rehearsing and doing sound check, their laughter echoing faintly across the vast, empty space. This was a secret gig, a rare opportunity for them to perform in the most unexpected of venues—a royal palace in Korea.

Y/N, a young member of the Korean royal family, peeked through the curtains of the royal box. Her curiosity had been piqued by the whispers of a surprise concert. She had heard of NCT, of course, but had never had the chance to see them live. Her heart fluttered at the sight of the stage, anticipation swirling within her like a soft summer breeze. She was always so proper, so reserved, but here, in the solitude of the velvet-draped balcony, she allowed herself to feel a hint of excitement. Her siblings and cousins were elsewhere, busy with their own royal engagements, leaving her with a rare moment of solitude.

The sound check wrapped up, and the band disappeared backstage, the silence descending like a velvet shroud over the ballroom. Y/N took a deep breath, smoothing the wrinkles from her elegant gown. She knew her family would not approve of her attending a concert, let alone one by a group of commoners. But she was tired of always doing what was expected of her. Tonight, she would indulge in something just for herself.

As the first notes of the opening song wafted through the air, Y/N felt a strange pull towards the stage. Taeyong emerged, microphone in hand, his eyes scanning the room. They locked onto hers, and she felt as though he was singing just for her. His voice was like a gentle caress, soothing her soul. In that moment, she knew she had made the right choice to sneak away from her duties. She watched, entranced, as he moved with a grace that seemed almost otherworldly, his voice a siren's call to a weary sailor.

The concert was a whirlwind of lights, music, and emotions, and before Y/N knew it, the last song had ended. The applause was thunderous, and she found herself standing, clapping along with the rest of the invisible audience. As the band took their bows and the lights dimmed, she realized she had never felt more alive. And she had no idea that her life was about to change forever.

Days turned into weeks, and Y/N couldn't shake the memory of Taeyong's performance. She found herself humming their songs during her royal engagements, her mind wandering to the way his eyes had met hers. Her family noticed the change in her demeanor but wrote it off as a phase. Little did they know that her quiet disposition had been cracked open by the power of music and the charisma of a boy from a different world.

The next time NCT performed at the palace, Y/N made sure she was there. This time, she waited for Taeyong after the show, her heart hammering in her chest like a drumline on steroids. She watched from afar as he signed autographs and took photos with the palace staff, his smile never wavering. When the last fan had left, she approached him, her voice quivering. "Your Highness," he said, bowing slightly. "I had no idea you enjoyed our music."

Their conversation was awkward at first, two worlds colliding in the deserted ballroom. But as Taeyong spoke of his passion for music and the stories behind the lyrics, Y/N felt something unfurling within her—a sense of belonging she had never experienced before. He was kind, genuine, and seemed to see beyond the crown and the title. He saw her. The girl who just wanted to feel something real.

Their secret meetings grew more frequent, stolen moments in the early mornings before her duties began, and late at night when the palace was asleep. They would sit in the moonlit garden, sharing stories and dreams, their laughter mingling with the soft whispers of the wind. Taeyong became her sanctuary, the one place she could be herself without fear of judgment.

But the castle walls had eyes, and soon enough, their secret was out. Her family was furious, their scorn palpable in the cold, stony silence that greeted her at dinner. "You can't see him," her mother said, her voice as sharp as a knife. "It's not proper." Y/N felt the weight of her title pressing down on her, a heavy crown that seemed to grow heavier with each passing day.

The tension grew as Y/N struggled to balance her royal responsibilities with her burgeoning love for Taeyong. Her family's disapproval was like a dark cloud over their every interaction, casting a shadow on their happiness. Yet, every time she saw him, she felt a spark of hope, a flicker of light in the darkness.

One night, after an especially tense dinner with her relatives, Y/N slipped out of the palace and into the warm embrace of the night. She made her way to the secret garden, where she knew Taeyong would be waiting. The moon was high, casting a soft glow over his features as he sat on the bench, his eyes searching for her. "You came," he said, his voice a gentle whisper.

They talked for hours, sharing their fears and dreams, their hands entwined like the vines that climbed the garden walls. It was there, under the watchful gaze of the moon, that Taeyong leaned in and kissed her. It was a kiss that spoke of love and defiance, a promise that no matter the obstacles, they would find a way to be together.

But as they parted, Y/N knew that their path ahead was fraught with challenges. The public would not accept a royal falling in love with a commoner, especially not one as high profile as a member of NCT. Her family would do everything in their power to tear them apart. Yet, she felt a strength she had never known before, a determination to fight for what she wanted, even if it meant going against centuries of tradition.

And so, as the night grew late and the first hints of dawn crept over the horizon, Y/N made a decision that would set in motion a series of events that would either lead to their happily ever after or shatter their worlds like fine China on a marble floor. "I don't care what they say," she whispered, her voice steady. "I choose you."

Taeyong's eyes lit up like stars, and he pulled her into a tight embrace. "I choose you too," he murmured into her hair. "We'll find a way."

And with that, their secret love story began to unfold, a tale of two hearts daring to beat as one amidst the rigid confines of royalty and the glitz of stardom. They stole moments in the early dawn, their whispers echoing in the empty halls, and in the quiet corners of the sprawling gardens, their hands joined in silent rebellion against the world that sought to keep them apart. Taeyong's bandmates caught wind of their romance, offering knowing smiles and discreet nods, understanding the gravity of their situation but also the power of love that seemed to surpass it all.

Y/N's family grew increasingly cruel, their barbs aimed at her newfound spirit. They criticized her every move, hoping to extinguish the fire that Taeyong had ignited within her. Yet, she remained steadfast, her resolve only growing stronger with each snide remark and cold shoulder. In the face of adversity, she found solace in Taeyong's music, his voice a beacon of hope that guided her through the storm.

The palace buzzed with rumors, the whispers of their love affair growing louder. The palace staff, once loyal, now watched her with a mix of pity and curiosity. Y/N knew that the inevitable confrontation with her family was approaching like a freight train, but she had made her choice, and she wasn't about to let go. Taeyong, too, faced his own battles, his management questioning his dedication and his bandmates concerned for his well-being.

One evening, as they sat side by side on the bench in the garden, Y/N took a deep breath. "We can't hide forever," she said, her voice trembling with a mix of fear and determination. Taeyong nodded, his gaze unwavering. "We'll tell them," he said firmly. "They need to know."

The day they chose to come clean was like stepping into a lion's den. The royal council was called, and the air in the grand hall was thick with tension. Y/N's parents sat on their thrones, their faces like chiseled ice sculptures. Taeyong, dressed in a suit that somehow made him look even more like a prince, stood beside her, his hand in hers.

"Father, Mother," she began, her voice shaking, "I wish to introduce you to someone who means everything to me." She turned to Taeyong, her eyes full of love and hope. "This is Lee Taeyong, and I love him."

The silence that followed was deafening, the only sound the ticking of the ancient clock on the wall. Y/N's heart felt like it was going to leap out of her chest, but she didn't let go of Taeyong's hand. She knew that she had to fight for this love, even if it meant losing everything she had ever known. Taeyong squeezed her hand, a silent promise that he would stand by her no matter what.

Her parents exchanged a look that spoke volumes—disappointment, anger, and a hint of something else that Y/N couldn't quite place. But she knew that she had crossed a line that could never be uncrossed. The future was uncertain, but she had made her choice, and she was ready to face whatever came next.

The king's voice, when it finally came, was like a crack of thunder in the silence. "This is unacceptable," he boomed. "You will break this off immediately, or you will be stripped of your title and responsibilities."

Y/N's eyes filled with tears, but she didn't flinch. "I understand," she said, her voice strong. "But I won't give him up."

The room erupted into chaos, her family's voices rising in outrage. But amidst the cacophony, Taeyong's voice cut through, clear and firm. "Your Highness, I am not asking for your crown or your title. I am asking for your daughter's hand. I will do anything to prove my worth to you and to this family."

The king's gaze softened, ever so slightly, and the room fell silent again. Y/N felt a flicker of hope, a candle in the dark. Maybe, just maybe, there was a way for them to be together without losing everything.

The days that followed were a blur of meetings and negotiations, with Y/N's family laying down ultimatums and conditions. Taeyong's bandmates rallied around them, offering support and encouragement. And through it all, their love remained a constant, a gentle flame that flickered in the face of the raging storm.

Finally, a compromise was reached. Taeyong would be granted the title of 'Honorary Noble', allowing him to stand by Y/N's side at royal engagements. In return, he would have to keep his identity as a celebrity a secret and limit his public appearances. It was a heavy burden to bear, but for the chance to be with the woman he loved, Taeyong would have agreed to walk on water.

Their relationship grew stronger in the confines of the palace, a sanctuary where they could be themselves. They cuddled in the royal library, reading to each other by the fire, and snuck out to the hidden spots in the vast gardens to steal kisses under the moon. Every moment together was a secret treasure, a rebellion against the rigid expectations that had been placed upon them.

But the outside world waited with bated breath, eager for any sign of scandal. The paparazzi lurked at the palace gates, hoping to catch a glimpse of the elusive royal romance. Y/N and Taeyong knew they had to be careful, but the pull of their love was too strong to resist.

One evening, during a royal ball, their secret was almost exposed. As they danced together, lost in their own world, a flash of light reflected off a camera lens, catching Y/N's eye. Panic set in, and she pulled Taeyong closer, her heart racing like a wild horse. But he remained calm, his eyes never leaving hers, whispering sweet nothings that only she could hear. They danced until the danger passed, their hearts beating in sync, the music of their love drowning out the waltz that played around them.

Their relationship was a dance of secrets and stolen moments, a delicate ballet performed under the watchful eyes of the court. Yet, amidst the whispers and the glares, they found refuge in their shared passion for music. Taeyong began to write songs about her, their love woven into the lyrics like a secret code. And Y/N, once so quiet and reserved, found her voice, joining him in the makeshift studio they had set up in the palace.

Their music became their escape, a language that transcended the boundaries of their worlds. They sang of love and hope, their voices echoing through the corridors of power. And as they grew bolder, so too did their dream of a future together.

But fate had one more twist in store for them. A political scandal engulfed the palace, and Y/N's family faced a crisis of loyalty. In the midst of the chaos, a choice had to be made—would they stand by their daughter's love or cling to the outdated traditions that had kept them in power for so long?

The tension grew to a crescendo, each day more fraught with danger than the last. Y/N and Taeyong held each other tightly, their love a beacon in the tempest. And as they waited for the storm to pass, they vowed to face whatever the future held, together. For in the grand ballroom of the heart, where music and passion reigned supreme, they had already found their forever.

[sensitiveuser]

Rafael Farga i Pellicer (1844-1890), founder of Catalan anarchism...

Rafael Farga i Pellicer is an important figure of anarchism in Spain, besides of course Anselmo Lorenzo (precursor of Spanish anarchism), Francisco Ferrer, Salvador Puig Antich, or Pepita Laguarda Batet...

In the 1860s, Rafael Farga i Pellicer, who worked as a typographer, made a name for himself at the Federal Center of Workers' Societies in Barcelona. He ran the printing house "La Academia".

In October 1868, he participated, alongside Giuseppe Fanelli and Anselmo Lorenzo, in the founding congress of the Spanish section of the International. He later joined the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, founded on the initiative of Bakunin. He founded the newspaper La Federacion, which became the official newspaper of the Federal Center of Workers' Societies.

The main topics mentioned in La Federacion are “Libertad, Cooperación, Solidaridad, Trabajo, Racionalismo, Ciencias, Artes, Historia, Justicia, Moral, Verdad, Perseverancia, Internacional, Progreso, Derechos, Deberes, Reciprocidad”.

In 1869, as a delegate of the Federal Center of Workers' Societies, he participated in the Basel Congress.

In 1870, he founded a Catalan group of the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, in Barcelona. He participated in the Workers’ Congress of the Spanish Region; he then defends the principles of anarchism and internationalism. Thus, he plays a vital role in the Spanish Regional Federation, the Spanish section of the International, bringing together unions and workers' associations.

In September 1872, as a delegate of the Federation Congress of The Hague, he supported Bakunin and James Guillaume, who were excluded from the International. Then, he participated in the Congress of Saint-Imier, officially joining the Anti-Authoritarian International. In December 1872, he took part in the Congress of Cordoba, which unanimously approved the resolutions taken in St-Imier. Pellicer continued to participate in the congresses of the Anti-Authoritarian International, in Neuchâtel (1873), Brussels (1874), Bern (1876), Verviers (1877).

In 1881, following the dissolution of the Spanish Regional Federation, Pellicer participated in the founding of the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region, with his brother Antoni. He stated that he opposed the methods of Anselmo Lorenzo, and said that he preferred legal action rather than violent action. However, following the violent actions of the Mano Negra, the government ordered the repression and banning of this federation.

In 1886, he founded with Anselmo Lorenzo the magazine "Acracia", in which he wrote several texts entitled "Acratismo Societario". He was then the first to use the word "acracia".

[certifiedmanagementaccounting]

Your Complete Guide: How to Apply for the ACCA Course in India

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is one of the most sought-after global certifications for aspiring finance and accounting professionals. It is internationally recognized, making it a top choice for students looking to build a successful career in finance, accounting, and auditing. If you're in India and are interested in pursuing the ACCA course, here’s a step-by-step guide on how to apply.

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Before applying, ensure that you meet the eligibility requirements for the ACCA course. Typically, candidates who have completed their 10+2 with a minimum of 65% in Mathematics/Accounts and English and 50% in other subjects are eligible. Graduates in commerce or related fields may also be eligible for exemptions from some exams, depending on the university they attended.

Step 2: Register for ACCA

To apply for the ACCA course in India, you first need to register on the official ACCA Global website. The registration process is straightforward:

Visit the ACCA official website.

Navigate to the ‘Apply Now’ section and fill out the registration form.

You will need to provide personal details, educational qualifications, and other relevant information.

Once the form is submitted, you will receive a confirmation email with details of your ACCA student account.

Step 3: Submit Required Documents

To complete your registration, you will need to upload scanned copies of the following documents:

Proof of Identity: Passport, Aadhaar card, or any other government-approved ID.

Educational Certificates: Marksheets and certificates from your 10+2 and graduation (if applicable).

Passport-sized Photograph: A recent digital photo.

Make sure all documents are clear and meet the specifications mentioned on the ACCA website.

Step 4: Pay the Registration Fee

After submitting your documents, the next step is to pay the ACCA registration fee. The fee can be paid online through a secure payment gateway on the ACCA website using a credit/debit card or other accepted payment methods. Once payment is made, you will receive an official confirmation of your enrollment in the ACCA program.

Step 5: Start Your ACCA Journey

After completing your registration and fee payment, you can access your ACCA account, where you’ll find details about the exam schedule, study resources, and more. You can then plan your study schedule and register for the ACCA exams.

NorthStar Academy: The Best Option for ACCA Coaching

Choosing the right coaching institute is crucial to your success in the ACCA course. NorthStar Academy is the best option for ACCA coaching in India, offering comprehensive study materials, expert faculty, and flexible learning schedules. With a proven track record of success, NorthStar Academy ensures that students are well-prepared for their ACCA exams and can confidently pursue their career in global finance.

In conclusion, applying for the ACCA course in India is a simple, step-by-step process. With the guidance and support of NorthStar Academy, you can ensure a smooth application process and be on your way to achieving your ACCA certification.

[mariacallous]

The National Bank of Moldova, BNM, told BIRN on Friday that it is working with the Prevention and Combating Money Laundering Service and other national uthorities to stop illegal financial flows from Russia and the unauthorized use of Russian card payment systems in Moldova.

The BNM added that use of Russian MIR card payment system is illegal in Moldova. It told BIRN that “financial intermediation platforms that are developing extremely quickly at the international level can, however, facilitate cross-border transfers, including some made by certain internationally sanctioned persons or entities from the Russian Federation to… Moldova”.

The bank reacted after the Municipal Council in Orhei, a district in the centre of the country, said it intended to approve several agreements with Promsvyazbank bank, a bank affiliated with the Russian Ministry of Defence and under international sanctions.

A Shor satellite party, the Alternative and Salvation Force of Moldova, FASM, which holds a majority on the council, said it wants to attract funds from Russia to grant “financial aid” to pensioners using MIR cards, which work only in Russia and are not approved by the National Bank of Moldova.

Through these agreements, Shor’s party claims it can give pensioners in the municipality 2,000 lei per month [about 100 euros] for “philanthropic and sponsorship” purposes.

The Eurasia organisation will allocate the money through Promsvyazbank. Eurasia is an organisation created in Russia by Shor’s aides whose purpose, the Moldovan authorities say, is to derail the country’s European course.

The National Bank has warned that such transactions fall under legislation regarding the prevention and combating of money laundering and those regarding the application of international restrictive measures.

“As such, the licensed banks have been warned about the need to maintain a vigilant regime of activity and to apply all due diligence measures to prevent the risks of banks’ involvement in illegal financing schemes, including money laundering and financing schemes of terrorism,” the BNM added.

The BNM’s governor, Anca Dragu, has further specified that citizens who use MIR cards can be held criminally liable.

“Using illegal means of payment, illegal money, has criminal consequences. People should know about this. These facts are being investigated by specialized services for combating money laundering and terrorism,” Dragu said in an interview with Realitatea TV.

Shor used such a scheme of payments to pensioners last year to sway the election of the new governor of the southern pro-Russian region of Gagauzia, and also in the local elections in November 2023.

The authorities have since filed charges of electoral bribery and election fraud by political parties affiliated with Shor. The trial is ongoing.

Shor is currently based in Moscow after receiving a 15-year sentence in April 2023 over the “Grand Theft” of one billion US dollars from three private banks in Moldova between 2012 and 2014. From Moscow, he coordinates several political parties that advocate closer links to Russia, and for Moldova to abandon its European path.

[panicinthestudio]

COVID rapidly spreads in China as government eases strict quarantine rules, December 27, 2022

China is grappling with the rapid spread of COVID-19 after the government began rolling back its zero-COVID restrictions earlier this month. Now, cases are spiraling across towns and cities, hospitals are overburdened, medical staff are outnumbered and crematoriums are running out of space. Judy Woodruff reports.

PBS NewsHour

There is no nuance left in politics or public health policy when there is either an absolute and strict inflexibility of zero COVID or wholesale dismantling of safeguards before the healthcare or support systems are prepared for the waves that have been forcibly suppressed. The political insistence on using their own less effective, non-mRNA vaccines based on the original strains rather than Delta or Omicron, coupled with a low vaccination rate of the vulnerable and elderly is not helping easing the transition at all.

The way they’ve been counting mortality from COVID diverged from nearly every other country since early 2020. A death had to be directly attributable to SARS-CoV-2 eliminating cases of many preexisting or undiagnosed conditions, chronic illnesses, and other high risk factors that may have been exacerbated by the virus which became listed as the direct cause or if they simply tested negative in the few days before dying. The policy as of this week will further limit the count only to deaths caused by pneumonia or respiratory failure after contracting COVID, in addition to dropping much of the remaining inbound quarantines and regular case counts becoming even more inconsistent with lived reality.

It appears the PRC was prepared to stay in suspended animation within an onionskin of self-isolation layers indefinitely, maintaining the appearance of control and adherence to policy that was left to different local officials to execute. Downgrading the classification removes the local, emergency-style powers to lockdown and quarantine which were used capriciously. Residential buildings, offices and commercial areas such as malls, and even theme parks could be suddenly cordoned without warning, causing panic due to the stringency of testing and knock-on effects if a positive case was found rather than fear of having contacted or contracted the virus. Becoming listed as a close contact or a complete stranger’s positive result could mean further quarantining and repeated testing, as well any change in one’s COVID passport status severely restricting mobility for work or education, travel, or even basic necessities. The protests spread because “dynamic zero” was anything but dynamic, refusing to change or amend course in preparation for a transition to an endemic or post-epidemic state. People were simply fed up and the building momentum was becoming a potential danger to a regime that had just renewed its own political mandates.

These things aren’t happening in isolation, China is also changing tact on its travel restrictions domestically and internationally. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have been trying to reopen ports and travel with the Mainland for years now for travel and economic reasons. Both were forced into accepting one-way policies where it was difficult for their citizens to enter China or even between one another, while rules were softened for travelers and politicians entering from and returning to the Mainland for short trips with the reason that the pandemic was less well-contained than within the Mainland.

As news of the highly visible current outbreak within China is continuing to emerge, the Hong Kong SAR is now proudly announcing agreements have been made with the Mainland to drop their travel restrictions posthaste. It’s being reported that many are travelling specifically for mRNA vaccines which are approved in Macau and Hong Kong.

[talldecafcappuccino]

wip tag

tagged by @thesumdancekid :D thank you!

Hm. So right now I'd say I have two truly active wips (and a bunch of abandoned stuff). Here's a longer snippet from the newest of those two WIPs:

“Here you go, Dad.” Henry raced through the front door and tossed the mail on the kitchen counter.  Ted looked up from his phone just as Henry grabbed his game controller and launched himself over the back of the couch. At thirteen he was all gangly arms and legs as he flew over top of the couch and landed with his legs folded beneath him.  “Woah there, you going out for the track team this year?” Ted asked. He picked up the mail and raised a brow at Henry’s confused look. “That vault. It was pretty impressive for someone who’s not supposed to be doing that anymore.” “Sorry, Dad.” Ted shook his head. He knew teenagers didn’t listen to their parents but it was a whole other thing experiencing it first hand. “It’s not me who needs the apology.” Henry sighed. “Sorry couch. I’ll make sure to treat you with kindness and respect because you’re no longer under warranty and you need to make it at least until I graduate high school.” “There you go. That’s all I was asking for.”  Henry shook his and Ted figured it was only a matter of time before the eye rolls kicked in. Michelle had mentioned he was getting a little grouchy in the mornings when she dropped him off at the start of the week.  It felt like a warning, the sort of heads up they liked to give each other during the routine handoff, but Ted couldn’t help but smile at the latest update. It was a whole heck of a lot nicer hearing it in person then through a screen over 5,000 miles away. Of course he might change his mind about the whole teenager thing when the body odor kicked in, but he’d cross that bridge when they got there. Ted flipped through the mail while Henry booted up his game. It was some sort of fantasy quest he was borrowing from a friend of his. Ted’s played a few times, but they’d both decided he’d stick to FIFA for the foreseeable future.  There was a mailer for the local grocery store, a thank you card from his mom to Henry for her birthday present, a postcard from his old university asking for donations, a few pre-approved credit cards, and a bank statement he already paid online earlier in the week. He tossed each one onto the counter, sorting them as he bopped along to the music from the TV. He paused when he got to the last piece of mail, a thick, white envelope with a familiar address.

There was an AFC Richmond stamp in the corner covered by an even larger, black ink stamp for shipping the thing internationally. Ted whistled at the price that reflected the heft of the fancy paper. There were a few scuff marks from the long journey, but it had survived the journey pretty dang well considering the distance.  Ted dragged a bar stool away from the island and sat down to give the envelope its proper due. He ripped it open and slid a linen card with the AFC Richmond emblem embossed across the top. Dear Ted and Henry Lasso,  You are cordially invited to the inaugural game of Richmond WFC as an esteemed guest of Rebecca Welton (Owner, Richmond WFC and AFC Richmond). He scanned the rest of the invitation, taking in the dates and the times, pausing briefly at Rebecca’s signature looping across the bottom. It wasn’t the first envelope of its kind to grace the Lasso household. Rebecca has been kind enough to invite them to all sorts of events over the years: AFC Richmond season openers, the Champion’s League semi-final, and even a few special ceremonies to honor players and various minority owners for all sorts of contributions to the Richmond community. At first it was too soon to go back. Then the next year it never quite worked out with their schedules (Henry’s school and Ted back to coaching American football at the university level.) And this past year the invitations felt more like . . . gestures. Not empty ones, but ones without a lot of heat behind it.  It was nice to be thought of, of course it was, but he knew no one expected him to make it when they sent these sorts of things.

Oh gosh. I really don't know who to tag because I don't know who is still writing fic. Uhhhhh sorry friends I'm bad at tagging. If you've got a wip that's burning a hole in your google docs, then go ahead and post a bit of it.

[deadrlngers]

30-35 for vesper and fenix >:^)

LOVE U FOREVER BONES the amount of excitement i got for answering these specific questions says a lot about how normal i am about these two sjfks <3

ask game

30. What completely petty topic (music taste, favorite food) do they find themselves completely at odds with their partner about?

FOOD. FOOD SURELY. We all know italians can't shut tf up when there's food involved in general, it's The Curse :// The biggest one that comes to my mind is seafood, Vesper hates it and finds it quite revolting to look at while Fenix (as any respectable guy from apulia) LOVES IT. He even eats raw seafood like mussels or sea ​​urchins, Vesper wants to throw up every time she witnesses that. Of course he's a lil shit about it and tells her 'she doesn't understand ANYTHING of good cuisine'. Also i randomly made it canon that they fight over music. Vesper is more of a rock or electronic music girly, while Fenix..well he doesn't have a specific music taste, or more like, he isn't pretentious about picking songs just like Vesper is tbh but for the bit they always tell each other they listen to shitty music jkdsfk

31. What little thing do they find incredibly (though harmlessly) annoying about their partner?

Fenix ALWAYS forgets to hang up wet towels and Vesper loses her marbles every single time that happens which is every single time. He never learns. Plus he leaves crumbs all around the table/kitchen counter and doesn't clean it after he finishes eating, he's a bit lazy about it

Vesper on the other hand has the habit of talking through shows or movies asfjskf she doesn't do it on purpose she swears, it comes natural to add little comments here and there which Fenix agrees with but problem is that she does that when the characters are talking on tv and that makes Fenix do the most dramatic eye roll ever.

32. How do their friends react to finding out they’re a couple? Do they have lots of mutual friends? Did their friends know, perhaps before they themselves did?

Love this question because Fenix is so internationally hated lmao. Daniel is very happy about them being a couple all over again, he thinks Fenix is funny, he really likes him, he's like a brother to him :) Nader was very guarded around Fenix when he first got to know him, he knew Vesper longer and at first thought it was crazy that someone like her was with someone like him. He's very happy for them tho as long as they're happy too, BUT if a fight breaks..you can bet it he will be on Vesper's side, he just knows Fenix is wrong by default (so real). Rogue hates his ass. I don't think i need to say why. Jackie & Fenix had..a very difficult relationship, the dislike was mutuals and Jackie always 'scolded' Vesper every time he catched them together. If he was still alive when they got back together i think he wouldn't really approve the relationship at first, Fenix would try to make peace with him (with a shit eating grin on his face that screams mockery rather than peace) so they would probably lowkey avoid each other for a long while until, i think, Jackie would surrender and just maintain the most basic relationship just for Vesper's sake. It's funny because i think these two would be an interesting team if only they didn't hate each other THAT much.

Panam likes Fenix, VERY surprisingly i must add..at first she was like 'oh so that is the idiot you told me about? sorry for your loss' but in the end i think they would get along, Panam knows how to keep him in check and he knows to not mess with Panam. Kerry finds Fenix hilarious and cool, he's like you remind me of a complete asshole i used to know :) i wonder who. He's surprisingly friendly with Fenix since the start & Fenix slowly gets used to have him around, he's a guy that knows how to have fun and he appreciates that

Tancred and Vesper is..delicate. Tancred doesn't do anything to get her to like him and the fact he treats like shit Fenix doesn't help as well. She's civil with him if Fenix wishes so, but she's ready to bite and kill at any second. Tancred lowkey likes Vesper as in he respect her and finds her pretty strong and resourceful, he's happy that his brother is with someone like that, he just needs to be a terrible brother first. If the situation was different, these two could be a power team i think, maybe, perhaps

33. Under what circumstances would they feel jealous?

answered here!

34. Under what circumstances would they feel protective?

Fenix reached his max protective point during the game events, at first he tried to downplay the whole johnny-brain-worm thing - saying that they would find a solution for sure, but then as it turned more and more serious, the anxiety he tried so hard to suffocate took over. I think he never got THAT protective over Vesper as much as that time.

The thing with these two is that they both know they can handle themselves pretty well but they always keep a watchful eye on the other. It's like..i know you can deal with this, but i'll look out for you anyway..in case something happens.

Vesper tends to be more openly protective, it's her nature, so she's the one that tells him more often to stay focused and NOT do anything stupid. She turned visibly protective of Fenix when his brother showed up again. Fenix tries to hide it but it's pretty visible how he (still) slightly bends at Tancred's will, it's unintentional and he hates it, so it's Vesper that talks back the most at Tancred, the one that tells him to leave Fenix tf alone. The older sibling vs older sibling fight we deserve to see

35. Would they get a pet? What kind? Who brings up the idea, and who takes a little longer to convince?

YES! They have Nibbles ofc but Fenix's dream is having a dog around. I know you can't have shit in Night City but i want to dream :// Vesper wouldn't be opposed to the idea & i've actually thought about giving them one!! i can't stop thinking of Fenix IMPLORING to get a dog on his knees, it's been his dream since he was a lil kid. He would give the dog a silly name or a weirdly too serious one like idk. Ettore..Bruno (Brunbo.. he'd say)..also i can't stop manifesting this image in my head so think of a Fenix at 7 in the morning walking the dog, disheveled hair, oversized shirt with smth stupid written on the front like you tried scrambling the wrong egg and shorts, AND slippers with socks on, this last piece is crucial. i just. can't stop thinking of this. sound of the summer

[idiomando]

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[agapi-kalyptei]

@rightanglepro no no, it's a good question. With a boring answer.

The short version is - I'm just buying dietary supplements from a private company, online. Free healthcare exists, but private healthcare also exists in parallel.

The longer version is, yes, we do have free-ish healthcare in EU. Conceptually it's not difficult - in the USA, you have federal law and the state law. In EU, you have EU law, in this case European Medicines Agency, which supervises research on new treatments, and individual countries, which have their own laws and regulations.

In general, healthcare is mandatory, just like taxes, so a portion of your salary is taxed towards healthcare, hospital care, just like it is for unemployment fund, etc. (This is generally not seen as a "big brother reaching into your wallet" because we don't have fox news here, it's just a part of everyday life - every adult understands that brutto and netto salaries are different numbers, and it only takes a few seconds to google a calculator to figure out the difference.)

The details vary over different countries. In Czechia, you used to have to pay 5CZK per doctor visit ($0.25). Then they took it away because people were complaining. In Czech and Slovak Republic, it was common to visit your family doctor early in the morning, then wait a few hours through a poorly managed queue, and then get a variable amount of time with the doctor depending on your issue. (I'm sure that's changing nowadays though.)

In Estonia, you email, call, or book online, and get a 20 minute time slot with your family doctor, at no cost. They might prescribe you some meds. These are anything between free and a handful of euro, but still compensated via "Haigekassa", the universal health insurance thing.

You'll often find USAmericans come here and be puzzled at how well it works. I have at least one friend who used to pay thousands of USD a month for their meds in USA, and here they have to pay like... 5€ for the exact same medication.

That said, no country has infinite budgets - the weak point in Estonia is mental health care - it exists, but generally takes a 2-3 months of queuing for a psychiatrist, and Haigekassa (last I heard) only covers 5 psychotherapy sessions per patient. Private sessions cost generally 50-100€.

New experimental therapies take a while to be accessible - as they should. I read research about ketamine use for treatment of depression 10 years ago. A few years ago it was approved by the European Medicines Agency. A bit later, it became available in a clinical setting. And it's still 100€ per session for the IV drip version.

On the other hand, tDCS is now fully covered by Haigekassa, so you can get fully free sessions from your family doctor.

And to get to my case - digestive issues are still very hard to categorize. I'm not allergic, I don't have gluten or lactose intolerance, so the label I get is just "IBS" - which, while internationally recognized, is still just a codeword for "tummy hurty, we don't know why". Medical trials are a tricky subject, and of course you mostly get focus on well-researched and urgent conditions (alzeimer's, heart disease, cancer...), so either there's public health interest, or there's a company with a profit motive looking to register their medication.

In case of the company Intoleran, while I'm hoping they're going to stay profitable enough to sell their enzymes to me, they don't seem big enough to have the same leverage as Big Pharma does, and to register a medicine, they'd need both a lot of underlying research, a condition to cure, and a loooooooooot of money to go through rigorous trials to prove their stuff works.

As much as I'd be happy to see their enzymes being covered by health insurance, I also don't want the regulations to get lax to approve snake oil sales. Doing science is a slow and expensive process.

[beesandwasps]

In this particular case I approve, because I always hated the song Fly Me to the Moon.

Another example of licensing weirdness that either hasn’t been pointed out in the notes or which was pointed out too far back for me to be bothered to scroll through: the really frenetic first season of Kodomo no Omocha (“Child’s Toy”, a.k.a. Kodocha) had an opening song (19 O’clock News) with lyrics written by the author of the manga (she mentions it in the sidebars of the later parts of the manga, which was still going on when season 1 was produced) but performed by a fairly popular boy band called Tokio. The animation in the opening is completely synced to the music (here’s a copy on YouTube which isn’t super high quality and is just slightly out of sync but is “correct” as far as it goes):

When the series was picked up for international licensing, Johnny’s, the agency which represented Tokio (and a lot of other boy bands, they were known for it to the point where you could use the name of the agency as an adjective for male idol singers), insisted that they owned the rights to the song and that it could only be used internationally for an enormously high fee. So to avoid paying, the English DVD release of season 1 put the song from the second season opening — Ultra Relax — over the season 1 opening and called it a day, which of course destroyed all the synced-up animation. (IIRC it’s even the wrong length.) But at least it was performed by the voice actress of the main character instead of a rapacious boy band so there weren’t any nasty surprises about the rights.

(Incidentally, the founder of Johnny’s has been credibly accused of, and is basically known to have committed at this point, decades of sexual abuse against the firm’s clients. The initial accusations were made in 2001, and IIRC the English DVDs were license after that. So the desire not to make a deal with somebody under high-profile public disapproval may have had something to do with it, too. The guy died in 2019, but the accusations were so numerous and public disapproval was so strong that the company both split into two parts and rebranded to avoid using his name any more.)

you know how you can go and watch a movie you watched a bunch as a kid and the version of a song in it is different? like they actually changed it since you were a kid? that isn't normal. we didn't do that until like, the last ten years. it's fucked up.

[sagarargroup]

Your Guide to Pursuing MBBS in Kazakhstan

Choosing the right destination for your medical education is a significant step toward a rewarding career. MBBS in Kazakhstan has become an increasingly popular choice among Indian and international students for various reasons, including affordability, quality education, and globally recognized degrees. In this guide, we’ll explore why MBBS in Kazakhstan is the ideal choice for aspiring doctors.

Why Choose MBBS in Kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan offers a perfect blend of affordability and quality education. Medical universities in Kazakhstan provide world-class infrastructure, experienced faculty, and an internationally recognized curriculum. Here are some reasons to consider studying MBBS in Kazakhstan:

1. Affordable Tuition Fees

One of the biggest advantages of pursuing MBBS in Kazakhstan is the low cost of tuition. Compared to other countries, medical education in Kazakhstan is much more budget-friendly, making it accessible for students from diverse economic backgrounds.

2. Globally Recognized Degrees

Medical universities in Kazakhstan are recognized by global medical councils like the WHO (World Health Organization) and the NMC (National Medical Commission). This ensures that students graduating from Kazakhstan can practice medicine in India, the USA, the UK, or other countries after clearing the required licensing exams.

3. High-Quality Education

The universities offering MBBS in Kazakhstan follow modern teaching methods, including state-of-the-art laboratories and practical training in hospitals. Students receive hands-on experience, preparing them for real-world medical challenges.

4. English-Medium Instruction

Most universities offering MBBS in Kazakhstan conduct courses in English, eliminating language barriers for international students. This makes it easier for students to adapt and excel in their studies.

5. Safe and Student-Friendly Environment

Kazakhstan is known for its friendly locals and safe environment. Universities have dedicated support systems for international students, helping them adjust to a new culture and lifestyle seamlessly.

Top Universities for MBBS in Kazakhstan

Here are some of the leading medical universities in Kazakhstan that attract students from around the globe:

Kazakh National Medical University: Known for its excellent faculty and modern facilities.

Astana Medical University: Offers a well-rounded curriculum with extensive practical exposure.

Semey State Medical University: Focuses on research and innovation alongside medical education.

South Kazakhstan Medical Academy: Popular among international students for its affordable fees and quality education.

Admission Process for MBBS in Kazakhstan

The admission process for MBBS in Kazakhstan is straightforward and hassle-free. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Research and Choose a University: Select a university that matches your career goals and budget.

Eligibility Criteria: Ensure you meet the eligibility criteria, which usually includes:

Completion of 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

A minimum of 50% marks in PCB (40% for reserved categories).

A valid NEET score for Indian students.

Application Submission: Apply online by filling out the university’s application form and submitting necessary documents like transcripts, passport copies, and NEET scores.

Receive the Admission Letter: Once your application is approved, you’ll receive an admission letter.

Visa Application: Apply for a student visa with the admission letter, passport, and other required documents.

Travel and Enrollment: Book your tickets, travel to Kazakhstan, and complete the enrollment process at the university.

Cost of Studying MBBS in Kazakhstan

Studying MBBS in Kazakhstan is cost-effective compared to countries like the USA or the UK. The total cost, including tuition fees and living expenses, ranges between INR 20–30 lakhs for the entire course. Here’s a breakdown:

Tuition Fees: INR 3–6 lakhs per year (varies by university).

Accommodation: INR 40,000–80,000 per year for hostel facilities.

Living Expenses: Approximately INR 10,000–15,000 per month, covering food, transport, and other essentials.

Benefits for Indian Students Pursuing MBBS in Kazakhstan

1. No Entrance Tests

Most universities offering MBBS in Kazakhstan don’t require students to pass complex entrance exams (except NEET for Indian students). This reduces stress and allows students to focus on their academic journey.

2. Exposure to Global Medical Practices

Studying MBBS in Kazakhstan provides exposure to international medical practices and technologies, giving students a competitive edge in their careers.

3. Easy Licensing Process

Graduates from Kazakh universities can easily appear for licensing exams like FMGE, USMLE, or PLAB, enabling them to practice medicine worldwide.

Challenges and How to Overcome Them

While pursuing MBBS in Kazakhstan offers numerous benefits, students may face challenges like adapting to a new culture or climate. Here’s how to overcome them:

Language: While classes are conducted in English, learning basic Kazakh or Russian can help in daily interactions.

Climate: Kazakhstan experiences cold winters, so students should prepare with suitable clothing.

Food: Indian students may find local food unfamiliar initially, but most universities have Indian mess facilities or nearby Indian restaurants.

Tips for a Successful Study Experience

Stay Focused on Your Goals: Medical education is demanding; maintain a disciplined study routine.

Engage in Extracurricular Activities: Balance academics with hobbies or sports to stay refreshed.

Connect with Fellow Students: Building a network of friends helps in overcoming homesickness and navigating student life.

Conclusion

Choosing to pursue MBBS in Kazakhstan is a smart investment in your future. With affordable education, globally recognized degrees, and excellent career opportunities, Kazakhstan stands out as a preferred destination for medical aspirants. Begin your journey to becoming a successful doctor by exploring the opportunities that MBBS in Kazakhstan offers. Start planning today, and take the first step toward your dream career!

[alankitattestation]

The Ultimate Checklist for Educational Certificate Attestation in Delhi: From Documentation to Verification

Educational certificate attestation is a vital process for individuals planning to study, work, or migrate abroad. It ensures the authenticity of your academic documents and is often mandatory for visa approvals and job applications in foreign countries. If you are in Delhi and wondering how to navigate this process, this ultimate checklist will guide you through every step. At Alankit Attestation, we make the process seamless and hassle-free for you.

What is Educational Certificate Attestation?

Educational certificate attestation involves verifying your academic credentials by authorized government departments and embassies. This process ensures that your documents are authentic and can be legally recognized in another country.

Why is Educational Certificate Attestation Important?

For Employment Abroad: Employers in foreign countries require verified educational documents to confirm your qualifications.

For Higher Studies: Universities and colleges abroad need attested certificates for admission processes.

For Migration: Immigration authorities require attested educational documents for visa issuance.

The Complete Checklist for Educational Certificate Attestation

1. Identify the Type of Certificates to be Attested

Educational certificates can vary based on your academic qualifications. These include:

School Certificates: Mark sheets and transfer certificates.

Higher Education Certificates: Degrees, diplomas, and transcripts.

Professional Certificates: Specialized course certifications or training program documents.

2. Gather the Required Documents

Ensure you have all the necessary documents before starting the attestation process. Typically, you will need:

Original educational certificate(s).

A copy of your passport (front and back pages).

Recent passport-sized photographs.

Visa copy (if applicable).

Authorization letter (if you are applying through an agent).

3. Understand the Attestation Process

The process involves multiple stages of verification:

A. Notary Attestation

The first step involves attestation by a notary public, who confirms the document's authenticity at the local level.

B. State-Level Attestation

Education Department Attestation: For educational certificates, the respective state education department verifies the document.

In Delhi, this step ensures the certificate originates from the state and is genuine.

C. Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) Attestation

The MEA provides final attestation on behalf of the Government of India, validating the document for use abroad.

D. Embassy Attestation

The final step involves attestation by the embassy or consulate of the destination country in Delhi. This ensures the document is accepted internationally.

4. Check the Requirements for Specific Countries

Each country has specific attestation requirements. For instance:

Apostille Attestation: For countries part of The Hague Convention, documents are attested with an apostille sticker by the MEA.

Non-Apostille Attestation: For other countries, embassy attestation is mandatory.

Alankit Attestation offers comprehensive guidance based on your destination country’s requirements.

5. Choose a Reliable Service Provider

The attestation process can be complex, requiring visits to various offices and strict adherence to documentation guidelines. Partnering with a trusted service provider like Alankit Attestation ensures:

A streamlined process with minimal hassle.

Professional handling of your documents.

Timely updates on the status of your application.

6. Verify the Attested Documents

Once the attestation process is complete, carefully verify the attested documents to ensure:

All stamps and seals are intact and legible.

The attestation matches the guidelines of the destination country.

Why Choose Alankit Attestation?

Alankit Attestation is the leading service provider for educational certificate attestation in Delhi. Here's why we are your best choice:

End-to-End Assistance: From document collection to final attestation, we handle every step.

Expertise Across Countries: Whether you need apostille or embassy attestation, we cater to all requirements.

Time-Saving Solutions: We ensure quick processing to meet tight deadlines.

Customer-Centric Approach: Our dedicated support team provides regular updates and answers all your queries.

Tips for a Smooth Attestation Process

Start Early: Begin the process well in advance to avoid delays.

Organize Your Documents: Keep your originals and copies neatly arranged.

Consult Experts: Reach out to Alankit Attestation for personalized guidance.

Double-Check Requirements: Ensure you fulfill the specific requirements of the destination country.

Conclusion

Educational certificate attestation is a critical step for individuals planning to work, study, or migrate abroad. With this checklist, you can navigate the process confidently and efficiently. For a hassle-free experience, trust Alankit Attestation, the best attestation service provider in Delhi.

Visit:  Alankit Attestation today to begin your journey with confidence!

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What is the STCW Course?

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