#IPO Cycles

[priyashareindia9]

A company first makes its particular stocks available through an initial Public Offering (IPO). Businesses transition from being ‘private’ to ‘public’ in this manner. In other words, a previously privately held business after the Initial Public Offering turns into a publicly traded business. A stock exchange gives you, as an investor, direct access to the company’s shares. By purchasing these shares, you join the company’s shareholder base.

[kafkaoftherubble]

神祗的庐山真面目

//Forms and Names

I have always wanted to write three After God essays!

The first one came at the tail end of Chapter 58 discussing Ahu’az and Yako.

The second one was something I’ve always wanted to do—an interesting mental framework to analyze Tokinaga Sachiyuki.

Now comes the third essay, ironically, the first After God ramble formulated in our Discord conversation. Hahaha. The last essay in this series is the actual first one that started it all, @orange-peel-candy!

This essay concerns my speculations and hypotheses regarding the gods’ forms... and The Man Stronger Than the Gods.

Be warned: spoilers abound up till at least Chapter 58 (a.k.a. the last chapter I read!). It's also a very, very long read.

What Do We Know So Far?

I am a two-bit detective-scientist wannabe. Before we start to speculate, we should lay out some of the facts that we already know. I hope I didn’t get any facts wrong because I’m mostly going off from memory, which is pretty corrupted from things like work, daily life, Buddhist Philosophy (yes), science, Neon Genesis Evangelion (I’m disappointed in myself for this), the likes:

Chapter 1

Out of the four, we know three gods’ animal forms.

Vollof is a rabbit,

Ahu’az is a rooster (yes, calling it Chicken God was me being an ass),

Orokapi is a snake.

Did ya notice something?

----

Chinese Twelve Zodiac – the Calendar

Wikipedia

The zodiacs are used by the Chinese as a calendar system, which assigns an animal to a respective year following a twelve-year cycle [1]. The sequence  goes like this:

鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪

Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Boar

Vollof, Orokapi, and Ahu’az are part of this group.

So, my bold first hypothesis is that—

All of the IPOs introduced to us will be animals from the Twelve Zodiac.

I assign a modest 78% confidence level toward this hypothesis since all three we have known have come from this group.

From here, let's go through these queries:

Are the other gods also animals from the Chinese Zodiac?

Where does Allula fit in this, if the Chinese Zodiac theory is true?

Is there anything about the Chinese Zodiac, such as myths and philosophy, that may serve as story hints for certain characters in the story?

Particularly, is there some basis to make a hypothesis regarding The Man Stronger Than the Gods?

----

Query #1: Are the other gods also animals from the Chinese Zodiac?

Well, we don’t actually have that many IPOs teased other than our 4 known gods. The only one we have, here, is the furry paw. Let’s look at it again:

Chapter 1.

Hypothesis 1: This is a tiger. [50% confident;  0.85 x 0.78 = 0.663; 39% overall confidence]

Hypothesis 2: This is a dog. [50%; 39% overall]

Hypothesis 3: This is an animal not part of the Zodiacs [22% overall]

Both a cat and a dog have 5 toes in their front legs (and 4 in their hind legs). But a cat’s dew claw is much closer to its other claws. A dog’s paw, meanwhile, has the dew claw being much farther away [2].

From Hepper.com.

This mystery IPO’s claws are certainly close to each other—including its dew claw. That makes it resemble a tiger’s claw more (Hypothesis 1, or H1). Another piece of circumstantial evidence is that this IPO was walking past a street filled with stray cats. If the IPO was a dog, I don’t think these cats could be this chill.

Nonetheless, H2 has good grounds, too. For what little we see here, the paw doesn’t show a tiger’s typical strip, and the tail is a little too bushy for a tiger. There’s also the fact that these claws aren’t protracted despite not being required during a stroll. A dog’s claw doesn’t protract [2]!

We can even explain away the cats’ relative calmness by positing the IPO as invisible to their eyes, kinda like how they can’t be captured by cameras.

Nonetheless, H1 and H2 have strong enough standing. Whether a tiger or a dog, neither conclusion will counter our zodiac hypothesis.

----

There is, of course, a 22% confident hypothesis where the IPOs do not actually follow the Zodiac convention.

This opens up a lot more options for our mysterious IPO—a wolf, a lion, a cat, etc.

There is also this little panel you’ve helpfully pointed out:

Chapter 44.

There appears to be a fish IPO in this panel, which is not part of the Twelve Zodiacs. The only true aquatic animal among them is the dragon, or龍 (long)。

If the fact that a Long is actually an aquatic animal is new information to you, I’ve once written quite a bit about it in (yes, I know. Why does this bro yap so much?) an essay for a good friend explaining the origin of the dragon’s orb. Long story short: dragons are seen as the kings of the ocean and storm.

There isn’t much hard evidence to refute this “fish” IPO. One suggestion (thanks to you) is that maybe the “fish” IPO is just an NPC and that all major IPOs will be of the zodiacs. Another suggestion I can think of is that, similar to how Vollof turned from a “bear” to a “rabbit” in execution [3], the “fish” IPO might be revised to another animal among the zodiac gang in the future.

One last thing to add to the Zodiac theory in general: apparently, there’s already another IPO planned with horns [3].

Three Zodiac animals with horns have yet to be featured: the Ox, the Goat, and the Dragon. It’s another piece of circumstantial evidence, but all of it together still builds a pretty good case for the Zodiac animal hypothesis.

The way to falsify this hypothesis is to wait for more IPOs to be revealed. Mr. Furry Paw, Mr. Horn, and, potentially, Mr. Fish—all three can prove or disprove this hypothesis.

For the rest of this essay, let’s consider the Zodiac Theory true.

--------

Query #2: What Could Have Been Allula’s Animal Form?

Allula’s floral form is actually a pretty interesting symbolic choice, which you noticed. She’s a poppy flower, right? The source of opium—one of the royalties of addictive narcotics.  A really apt form for the god who introduced drugs to everyone else.

Nonetheless, this did not mean Allula had always been a talking one-eyed flower. She could very well have been an animal just like her other brethren.

According to Orokapi, Allula’s current form is a grotesque chimera of fleshes borne from the gods she had eaten. This tells us that she didn’t originally look like hair that’s been stuck in a pipe leading out from a bathroom hole.

Chapter 50

What are the animals among the twelve zodiacs that could possibly be Allula’s original bestial form?

H1- Predators: Tiger and Dog. These were the two possible candidates for Mr. Furry Paw as discussed in Query #1. Could Mr. Furry Paw be Allula?

I don’t think so. Allula has been banished into reincarnating as Waka for quite some years, and when that happened, she’d already been losing her original form and gaining her chimeric look. Hence, it’s likelier that Mr. Furry Paw was another IPO!

Then what about omnivores, like Rat, Boar and Monkey (H2)? This, to me, seems more possible. Rats are certainly seen as repulsive and disgusting eaters. Monkeys are a bit harder to square since their “stereotypical” trait(s) in the common interpretation of the 12 Zodiacs don’t really fit Allula all that much, barring intelligence (more on that later).

---

My highest confidence level (about 50%) is on the Boar.

Boars are commonly seen as animals representing gluttony in East Asian culture. They technically eat anything edible and non-poisonous.

Here’s the thing: boars can develop a taste for raw meat [4]. And they have no problem eating human flesh or pig flesh! The most common incident of cannibalism in pigs is when the sows and gilts eat piglets, called “savaging.”[5].

Now, Allula is no mother, but she’s the only known god who eats other gods. An opportunistic eater with no repulsion toward the flesh of its kind. A cannibal.

A piece of circumstantial evidence: The Boar is seen as the intelligent animal among the Twelve Zodiacs, often similarly to how one envisions the Monkey. Allula has, in a lot of interactions, demonstrated frightening analytical capacity and intellect. She often uses it as a means of manipulation:

towards the other gods, she used drugs—something they had no idea about and became addicted to.

toward Shion, she managed to charm the girl with the combination of her eyes… and more importantly, her words.

She best displayed her intellect in Chapters 54 and 55. There, she worked out what she believed Tokinagawas up to accurately enough that he was reduced to near nervous breakdown. That’s the sort of skill in choosing conversation responses I wish I have, so I can make the NPCs in my game cry like a bitch.

Conclusion? I think Allula being the Boar seems far more likely if the Zodiac hypothesis is true. 

-----

Query #3: Is There Anything About the Zodiac Hypothesis That Could Be Used to Understand After God’s Worldbuilding + Gods etc.?

The Twelve Zodiac was used as a calendar system with a twelve-year cycle. In other words, the zodiacs are associated with time [1]. Besides that, it’s cyclic. The Year of the Rat (first among the zodiac) follows the Year of the Boar (last among the zodiac) [1].

Both of these are already related to a character who isn’t said to be an IPO but is nonetheless completely intertwined with them—our boy Tokinaga Sachiyuki. Creating time loops to bring himself to his desired development is a known ability of his, isn’t it?

Keep that in mind.

Now, I’m gonna introduce to you Taoist/folk Chinese deities associated with the Twelve Zodiac:

Tai Sui, 太岁 (literally “great year” or “great age”).

Like plenty of Taoist gods, these deities originated as stars observed by Chinese astrologers—in this case, they’re the stars opposite Jupiter and are also in a 12-year orbital cycle [6].

Tai Sui are considered generals taking orders from the Jade Emperor (the lord of the heaven in Chinese mythology). They are the zodiac animals’ masters. Throughout dynasties, the Tai Suis’ numbers have multiplied into sixty of them, each mastering one animal while corresponding to one of the Five Chinese Elements (五行: fire, earth, metal, water, wood). There is, however, one Tai Sui General who is the boss of all Tai Sui; this one has no governing year [6].

That’s, of course, the Chinese’s side of things. In Japan, Tai Sui is consolidated into a single deity [6], in the form of Tai Sui’s full title, 太歳星君 (“Lord of the Tai Sui Star”)。

Tai Sui is so important and revered in folk divination that people whose zodiac animal sign is the same as the deity are said to be “clashing with Tai Sui” (犯太岁). Take the Year 2024 as an example: this is the Year of the Wood Dragon, so it is governed by the Wooden Dragon Tai Sui. Everyone whose animal sign is the dragon (no matter the elements) is therefore “clashing” with him, and superstitions dictate they appease the god because their overall luck has already tanked by the virtue of this clash.

What does this tell us?

It tells us that a Tai Sui is “stronger than these zodiac animals.”

Tai Sui, the god of time. Not linear time either—cyclic time. Who does this remind you?

More circumstantial evidence for your consideration:

The word associated with “time” is in Tokinaga’s name, 時永。 This is similar to how the word related to “time” is also found in Tai Sui, 太岁。 The difference, however, is that 時 technically means “hour,” while 岁 means “year.”

The pronunciation for 太歳星君 is Taisai Seikun ( たいさいせいくん) in Japanese [7]. The initials are T.S., which matches Tokinaga Sachiyuki. You can almost wonder if Tokinaga’s name is chosen to mirror the name of this calendric time lord.

You might think this is the end of Query #3, but there’s a speculation I want to put forward based on the Tai Sui Hypothesis.

“We Have Seen the Man Stronger than the Gods”

Chapter 49

Allula claimed that she and the other gods had seen The Man Stronger Than the Gods/God Killer before—a long, long time ago. 700 million years ago, to be exact.

Here’s the thing: Tokinaga is only 28 years old.

The big upheaval of the IPOs from the North Pole happened 30 years ago. Hell, modern Homo sapiens evolved from merely 300,000 years ago. My math ain’t no Olympiad level but methinks this math doesn’t check out.

That’s not all. Tokinaga’s power comes at the cost of body degeneration. How did this blud—whose body started to look like lichens-ate-it just by rewinding time a little to his last save point—manage to survive this long?

Another odd thing: Allula somehow does not recognize the God Killer when she sees one. Why? Why doesn’t she recognize what could possibly be the only Homo Sapien on the planet at the time? If that man was Tokinaga, wouldn’t she recognize him right now?

Tokinaga’s response to Allula’s assertion is also grounds for intrigue. He was there for a negotiation; the odds of him feigning ignorance were not too high. So why was his response “What are you talking about?” instead of knowing silence?

Why did he react as though he was stunned to hear Allula’s revelation? Was the God Killer she mentioned somehow… not him?

Granted, there are many plausible reasons to explain these odd points. We don’t know the full scope of Tokinaga’s powers. Maybe he could erase someone’s memories if he wanna (sure. Sure. Sure. Sure. Sure. Doubt. Doubt. Doubt. Doubt. Doubt). We don’t yet know what parts of the power system, such as reincarnation, are like in this story.

---

God Killer (singular?)

If Tokinaga’s aspect as the time-bending God Killer is inspired by Tai Sui, then the speculation I want to offer is that there is more than one God Killer across history.

Japan etc. and even common Chinese folks might think that there’s only ever one Tai Sui Lao Jun/Taisei Seikun, but there has always been more than one Tai Sui in the canonical myth. Tokinaga could very well just be one God Killer who exists at this time. The one Allula and fam saw back then was another God Killer.

I originally wanted to make a joke that this God Killer was from the Australopithecus genus—the hominids before our Homo genus. The problem is… the earliest Australopithecus hominin existed 4.2 million years ago. That’s not even close to Allula’s “700 million years ago.” Bro, who the fuck did these gods see? Fucking Xenu?

The nature of God Killer(s) is largely shrouded in mystery by this point in the manga, so again, any reasonable guess is as good as another. I’m not even particularly confident in this speculation, but it does lend nicely to our last query…

----

Query #4: What speculations regarding “The Man Stronger Than The Gods” can we make from this?

Although this is the last query and hypothesis in this essay, it is actually the first I’ve ever made since reading After God months ago.

The thing that kickstarted this was in his name.

As someone who’s immersed in Thai and Buddhist-Hindu myths, his name was eye-catching for featuring the word “naga.”

Britannica. This is an artistic depiction of Nāga in Thai style.

Nagas are, briefly, divine or semi-divine beings—sometimes half-human and half-serpents, sometimes basically sea serpents [8]. In common translations as well as general understanding, however, nagas are understood as dragons.

They are often associated with bodies of water.

The origin of the nagas is closely related to snakes. In Sanskrit, nāga is one of the many terms for “snake,” and the earliest concept of nagas is cobra-like [8].

These three key points are bolded because these traits are shared with the East Asian concept of the Long (龙) as well. According to Yuan Jing, a Chinese archaeologist researcher, the origin of Chinese dragons (which other East Asian long are derivative from) likely evolved from a snake or a crocodile [9]. For example, artifacts recovered from the Taosi Archeological Site (陶寺) in Shanxi showed Long that pretty much just looked like snakes [9]. This connection is also speculated to be why “dragon” is positioned next to “snake” in the Twelve Zodiac. The dragon and the snake are kin.

And who, my dudes, is Tokinaga’s dearest friend?

Even an East Asian dragon’s “connection to the body of water” can be seen in Tokinaga’s character traits—chiefly, his avoidance of bathtubs and his strange discomfort with showers. You might correctly point out that it’s odd for him to be written as repulsed by a “body of water” if he’s indeed related to East Asian dragons, but a big theme of Tokinaga’s personality intrigue is the fact that he’s in discordance to himself. His self-hatred originates from his inability to resolve what he detests and what his “nature” desires. He’s like an Asian dragon who hates water.

Oh, but there’s more to this hypothesis. Much, much more.

-----

Fake Ancient Scripts That Repel Evil

Chapter 31

Well, the characters on his loincloth-ass mask seem pretty likely to be 日本, “Japan,” to me. You're not even trying, Orokapi.

We know that the eyepatch hides Tokinaga’s empty left eye socket where some of the deterioration is found. So what’s the character on his eyepatch?

The eyepatch, interestingly, was framed nicely within the last panel as Tokinaga dropped one of the earliest hints about the God Killer.

I’m gonna go and guess it’s based on “竜”, or “dragon.”

It’s that, or 龟, “tortoise/turtle”.

How do we decide which of these is likelier? Well, show us the hand!

----

It's not a hand, you dumbass. It's a claw.

Chapter 42

This chapter is the first time when we get to see the claw that haunts Tokinaga. It features really sharp nails and scaly skin. Below are a tortoise’s nails.

Animals.net

The nails in a tortoise appeared to be closer to each other that our mysterious claw up there. The claw is also far leaner in the panel, compared to the more bulging (thicc?) look of a tortoise’s foot.

Based on this, I think the odds that the claw belongs to a tortoise are lower than our alternative: the East Asian Long/dragon. But do we have more proof?

---

How many nails does a Long have?

Five claws may seem ubiquitous in more modern drawings of the dragon, but it’s actually a relatively new invention during the Qing Dynasty [10]. In truth, for the longest time, the dragon has had three claws—and the dragon types that were most likely introduced to Japan are the three-clawed and four-clawed Golden Dragon (金龙), both popular during the Tang Dynasty.

Baidu. Tang Dynasty dragon-adorned mirror. Try to locate its claws.

Now, we can combine both knowledge.

Tokinaga claimed that these fake scripts are used to repel evil.

One of them is found in his eyepatch. A writing that may very well be 竜.

What is this eyepatch guarding against?

The thing that is frequently drawn to be close to his left eye is the mysterious claw. A claw that can be reasonably suspected to belong to a dragon.

Does that eyepatch repel... or seal a dragon?

Chapter 55

No matter what it could be, it still points to one general direction:

Tokinaga has a lot of connections to a dragon.

-----

Verdict

This is a combination of all of our hypotheses to form a pretty damn bold speculation about The Man Stronger than The Gods.

Tokinaga may be a God Killer, not the God Killer. He has aspects influenced by Tai Sui and dragons—a mythical beast that is also one of the Twelve Zodiac.

We already learned that there are actually a lot of Tai Sui deities, with 5 governing a single animal of different elements. So, if the hypothesis is that the God Killer is not one person but many people...

Is Tokinaga a dragon-related God Killer? Similar to a Dragon Tai Sui?

-----

Last words

This has been an insanely long read, but it covers a lot of the speculations and theories I have had about After God thus far. There’s a lot we don’t know yet, and it’s always likely that I get a lot of stuff wrong. I have a specific image for that occasion:

Ajin.

Nonetheless, it’s been really fun trying to Allula out the story with what we have so far, and I’ll be really stoked if even a small part of all of this comes true!

Let me know what you think in the comments or tags! I love responses and add-ons; I read ‘em all! They make my day.

Thank You For Reading My Ramble! I hope this has been an eye-opening thrill for you!

P.S. To people who recently followed me for After God content: welcome to my garden! I do have to tell ya—I’m not very prolific an essayist due to my general lack of time. I also write essays for a lot of other things too—this is the last of my After God Three Part essays, and I haven’t had any planned after this. So, yea! Please enjoy what I've cooked for now! Ahahaha.

------

Citations:

Chinese zodiac. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac

Cat Paw vs. Dog Paw: Vet-Verified Differences (With Pictures). Hepper. https://www.hepper.com/cat-paw-vs-dog-paw/

Inspiration for Vollof (summarized). On Tumblr (Thanks, Ko!). https://www.tumblr.com/kossanctuary/756356794456113153/inspiration-for-vollof-summarized?source=share

What Pigs Can (And Can’t) Eat: Ultimate Guide. Savvy Farm Life. https://savvyfarmlife.com/what-pigs-can-and-cant-eat/

Normal and Abnormal Behaviors of Swine Under Production Conditions. Pork Information Gateway. https://porkgateway.org/resource/normal-and-abnormal-behaviors-of-swine-under-productions-conditions/

Tai Sui. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Sui

太歳星君. In Wikipedia. [In Japanese] https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%B3%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B

Nāga. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ga

世间动物千千万，为何是它们被选入十二生肖？《澎湃》。[In Chinese] https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24694111

中国古代的龙，到底有几个爪趾？《百度·文艺时光》。[In Chinese] 中国古代的龙，到底有几个爪趾？ (baidu.com)

[cellarrentalsvhs]

For anyone who's curious, yes, I saw The Video. Not only do I keep up with the analog horror space and am thus familiar with Wendigoon, I also happen to be a big IPOS fan, ever since his videos on Beksinski & Kenneth Anger.

Ironically, I'd unfollowed Wendigoon a month or two ago anyway, partially because of a lot of what IPOS addressed. Despite some flaws in his presentation, his critiques were valid as ever. I don't want to get too deep into politics here, but I genuinely believe Wendigoon is a very easy entry point to the alt right pipeline, and I'd honestly been trying to ignore it. His videos are incredibly basic and don't have much more to offer inquistive minds than Google, but when he's not recitimg cryptids' Wiki pages at you, some of them can be foundational for getting into the scene. I'd heard of it before, but his video is what got me into TMM (though I think his 2nd TMM vid is one of the worst I've ever seen.) But it reaches a point where it's just a never ending cycle of guns, god, & Magic Spoon, and you can't ignore that shit anymore.

He (and the people he promotes, you can whine about guilt by association all you want but let's be honest, public figures endorsing other public figures isn't meaningless) are gonna radicalize people. And right wing, Christian, police state shit is a death sentence to anyone who isn't white, straight, upper class, and "normal." And, as IPOS discussed earlier in that same video, horror is an inherently punk/counterculture genre that we can't let be co-opted by right wing chuds.

[mojave-pete]

https://www.newsmax.com/politics/harris-trump-poll/2024/08/10/id/1176024/

Looks like tumblr is blocking this link so here is the article fuck them people too I guess!

Newsmax Plans IPO, Invest Early, More Here

Home | Politics

Tags: harris | trump | poll | swing states

Trafalgar Poll: Trump Leads Arizona, Nevada, Pennsylvania

By James Morley III    |   Saturday, 10 August 2024 02:40 PM E

A  A

A new survey of likely voters from Trafalgar Group has former President Donald Trump leading Vice President Kamala Harris in four key swing states.

The poll released Friday shows Trump leading Harris by 2 percentage points in Pennsylvania 46% to 44%, 1 point in Arizona 48% to 47%, 3 points in Nevada at 48% to 45%, and 4 points in North Carolina 49% to 45%.

The polls come as voters have adjusted to the reality of Harris taking over the top of the Democratic ticket from President Joe Biden, who announced in July that he was no longer seeking reelection. This week, Harris chose Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate.

While Trump has consistently polled well in North Carolina and Nevada this election cycle, Pennsylvania and Arizona have fluctuated greatly. With the electoral map shifting daily, Pennsylvania might be the key to victory for either candidate with Trump winning the state in 2016 and Biden taking it in 2020.

Last week, CNN's Harry Enten said that even if Harris were to lose Arizona, Nevada, and Georgia, she could still gain the 270 electoral votes necessary to win the election by winning Pennsylvania.

The Trafalgar Group poll was taken Aug. 6-8 among 1,000 likely voters in Arizona, Nevada, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. The poll did not cite a sampling error.

James Morley III ✉

[argesta]

i have a life cycle of 3 months on tumblr and 3 months fully offline and let me just say if industry HBO becomes popular when im not here to spearhead it. im gonna be so pissed off. i have fics outlined for this for years. i am literally bullish on this & in before the IPO

[sharmakanika]

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[syscyber]

» Sys•Cyber ✴️🔆✴️ Site Map

Systems

Basic IPO system with control feedback — O'Reilly.com. This is a simple depiction of the most powerful systemic structure known to operate at all hierarchical levels in the universe. It is, if you will, the process that makes fractals in nature arise.

System processes are often self-contained. In such cases, its Processing can be viewed as an autonomous subsytem and depicted on the system level diagram as a black box.

Highly complex systems can arise from the application of very simple procedures. Take, for instance, fractals:

The Mandelbrot set is a two-dimensional set with a relatively simple definition that exhibits great complexity, especially as it is magnified. Images of the Mandelbrot set exhibit an infinitely complicated boundary that reveals progressively ever-finer recursive detail at increasing magnifications.

The set was first defined and drawn by Robert W. Brooks and Peter Matelski in 1978. In 1980, Benoit Mandelbrot obtained high-quality visualizations of the set. It has become popular outside mathematics both for its aesthetic appeal and as an example of a complex structure arising from recursive application of simple rules. — Wikipedia

A system is defined as a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. Any system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose as expressed in its functioning.

Systems are the subject of study of systems theory and other system sciences. Systems have salient properties and characteristics such as structure, function, behavior, life cycles and notably interconnectivity. The study of these properties from a transdisciplinary perspective is what gave rise to the field of systems theory.

— ed. by AZ from Wikipedia

Dr. Shailendra Singh Thakur, Professor at Gyan Ganga Group of Institutions, Jabalpur, India. See Dr. Thakur's complete System Engineering course slides here.

Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems.

— Grace Murray Hopper

Cybernetics

Cybernetic feedback loop by Baango, CC 4.0 Wikimedia Commons

Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causal processes such as feedback. Norbert Wiener named the field after an instance of circular causal feedback — that of steering a ship, where the helmsman adjusts their steering in response to the effect it is observed as having, enabling a steady course to be maintained amongst disturbances such as cross-winds or the tide. Cybernetics is concerned with circular causal processes however they are embodied, including in ecological, technological, biological, cognitive and social systems, and also in the context of practical activities such as designing, learning, managing, etc. Its transdisciplinary character has meant that cybernetics intersects with a number of other fields, leading to it having both wide influence and diverse interpretations.

— Wikipedia

Cybernetic feedback loop by Orzetto, CC 4.0 Wikimedia Commons

What Are Cybernetics and Systems Science? Principia Cybernetica Web

Heinz von Foerster once told Stuart Umpleby that Norbert Wiener preferred the term "cybernetician" rather than "cyberneticist", perhaps because Wiener was a mathematician rather than a physicist.

Nature creates in systemic ways. Image shared by Divertisee.

Image shared by EarthAnthem

[macleod]

Amazon only succeeded at The Internet because they were unprofitable, for 19 years, and proud of it. When they announced they were profitable for the first time, many of the investors were unhappy, because then it meant the share price would become based on real assets and not on imaginative assets based on possible trajectory (the same reason Tesla stock is where it is, its not based on actual assets, but on possible future speculation, and hype). This in most market conditions is considered a "bubble", where hype is more than the actual profit and loss.

Amazon was unprofitable for 19 years only because they were able to raise money from a lot of private investors and investor groups in the billions, then when they were large enough they had an IPO (notoriously hard to do) to sell themselves to private investors and receive more capital, they gave themselves a percentage of the shares of the IPO, and sold those off during hype cycles as a way to fundraise off their stock (hype) performance

Then they did it again, and again. No other company could ever compete with a juggernaut that has tens of billions in reserves with no worries to lose it all, because that was the business plan – to lose money for long enough that you convince the public they are so successful and better than everyone because of how they do management than old "legacy" players, and so they should invest in you, and then you take those investments, sell off microscopic amounts of your shares, and continue to fund your profit losses.

The only way they are profitable, BTW, is that they started a web services company that now runs the vast majority of the web, and that is where nearly all of their revenue comes from. Not the marketplace, they still are a loss-leader there, but by selling web services and servers and storage to all the companies and websites you use.

They killed their competition by losing money, then convincing the public they did it by being better at Real Business, and used that hype to raise more money.

[douchebagbrainwaves]

SOMETIMES YOU START WITH A DISTINCTION THAT SHOULD BE FINE

Why couldn't they get more funding? Applications for the current funding cycle closed on October 17, well after the markets tanked, and another for love. In fact they were more law schools. So American grad schools spawn a lot of startups, they can certainly help filters to decrease the amount of stock you retain. Fathers tended to adopt the attitude of benevolent kings bestowing largesse, and mothers that of harried bureaucrats, giving in to pressure against their better judgement. If someone proves a new theorem, it takes some work by the reader to decide whether to start one. But in Germany in the 1930s—or among the Mongols in 1200, for example. It falls between what and how: architects decide what to do with class, as I think lawyers would be the first to see signs of a separation between founders and investors in the attitudes of existing startups we've funded snatched by west coast investors out from under the noses of Boston investors who saw them first but acted too slowly. West coast investors aren't bolder because they're irresponsible cowboys, or because you've been assigned to work on something everyone else has overlooked. Unless you're in a market where products are as undifferentiated as cigarettes or vodka or laundry detergent, spending a lot on brand advertising is a sign of breakage. When startups need less money, investors have less power over them.

People hiring for a startup don't care whether you've even graduated from college, let alone write their own in house. Startups pass that test because although they're appallingly risky, the returns when they do succeed are so high. The constraints that limit ordinary companies also protect them. But in most cases the second component will be what it usually is—recruit users manually and then gradually automate the bottlenecks. They seemed to think that whitelists would make filtering easier. In a startup you're judged by users, by starting your own company. Even as recently as a few decades speak a single language. Basically, what Ajax means is Javascript now works. For example, suppose Y Combinator offers to fund you if you stay where you are, is it as cool? It was quite interesting to write, and Microsoft's first product was one, in fact; it just didn't percolate all the way back to high school, flushing out all the arbitrary stuff people are measured by now. Wall Street's language when they did their IPO, and Wall Street didn't buy.

[priyashareindia9]

A business first provides its shares to the public via an Initial Public Offering (IPO), changing its ownership from private to public. It opens a door for investors to purchase shares and form part of the shareholder population of the company. The IPO path adds strength to a company's capital-raising capability while increasing its valuation.

[starseedfxofficial]

The Hidden Forces Driving Forex: Expansion Phases, Unemployment Rates & Market Moves Why Every Smart Trader Watches the Expansion Phase and Unemployment Rate Most traders obsess over candlestick patterns, moving averages, and Fibonacci retracements like a detective solving a crime. But what if I told you that understanding the economy’s expansion phase and unemployment rate is like having insider access to the market’s next move? The real question isn’t if these economic indicators affect Forex—it’s how you can leverage them for game-changing trades. Forget stale, surface-level advice. We’re diving deep into hidden patterns, underground trends, and ninja-level tactics that reveal how these forces move the Forex market in ways most traders completely overlook. The Expansion Phase: What It Really Means for Forex Traders Let’s start with a simple analogy: Imagine the economy is like a gym rat on a bulk cycle. Eating everything in sight, pumping iron, gaining muscle. That’s the expansion phase—businesses boom, jobs flourish, and consumers spend like there’s no tomorrow. How the Expansion Phase Impacts Forex Markets When an economy expands, demand for its currency skyrockets. Here’s why: - Higher Interest Rates: Central banks, fearing inflation, tend to raise interest rates. Higher rates attract foreign capital like a Black Friday sale, boosting currency value. - Increased Consumer Spending: More spending = more money circulating = stronger economic confidence = bullish currency outlook. - Stock Market Rally: Investors flood the market, pushing indices up and strengthening currency demand. But here’s the kicker—not all expansions are created equal. Some are built on weak fundamentals, leading to sudden crashes. So how do you tell the difference? The Unemployment Rate: The Sneaky Indicator You Need to Watch Picture this: You’re trading EUR/USD, and everything looks perfect. Suddenly, the U.S. unemployment rate drops unexpectedly. The dollar strengthens, and your trade tanks faster than a bad IPO. Why? Because unemployment isn’t just a number—it’s a leading indicator of economic strength. How Unemployment Rates Shake the Forex Market - Lower Unemployment → Economic Growth → Stronger Currency - Higher Unemployment → Economic Slowdown → Weaker Currency - Unexpected Shifts Create Volatility: If unemployment figures surprise the market, currency pairs react aggressively. Case in point: In July 2023, U.S. unemployment unexpectedly dropped to 3.5%, sparking a USD rally. Traders who anticipated this move made a killing. But here’s where pro traders differ from retail traders—they don’t just react. They predict these shifts before the numbers hit. Ninja Tactics: How to Trade Expansion Phases & Unemployment Rates Like an Insider Most traders chase news events. You? You’re going to outsmart them. Here’s how: 1. Follow the Smart Money (Institutional Traders) Banks and hedge funds already know what’s coming. Track their moves by monitoring: - Bond Yields: Rising yields signal higher interest rates, leading to currency strength. - Central Bank Speeches: If the Fed hints at tightening policy, expect USD strength. - COT Reports: Commitment of Traders reports show where institutional money is flowing. 2. Front-Run Economic Releases Waiting for the unemployment report? You’re already too late. Instead: - Analyze jobless claims and employment trends weeks in advance. - Watch business surveys like PMI—they reveal hiring trends before official numbers drop. - Use historical data to predict market reactions and position trades early. 3. Trade the Aftershock, Not the Event Economic releases create knee-jerk reactions, but the real move happens after institutions digest the data. Look for retracements after the initial spike to enter high-probability trades. Case Study: Trading the 2023 U.S. Expansion Phase Traders who ignored unemployment data in early 2023 missed a massive USD rally. Here’s what went down: - The Fed signaled aggressive rate hikes as inflation soared. - U.S. job numbers beat expectations multiple times. - The DXY (U.S. Dollar Index) climbed as capital flowed into the U.S. - Traders who longed USD/JPY rode a 1,000-pip move in just two months. Key Takeaway? Understanding these trends before they unfold lets you trade with confidence while others react in panic. Final Thoughts: Why Most Traders Miss These Opportunities (And How You Won’t) Most traders don’t fail because they lack strategy—they fail because they ignore macro-level forces like expansion phases and unemployment rates. By tracking these indicators, you can predict market moves, enter high-probability trades, and avoid costly mistakes. If you want to master these insights and trade like a pro, check out these game-changing resources: - Live Forex News & Economic Indicators - Free Advanced Forex Courses - Smart Trading Tools for Precision Execution Start using real insider knowledge, and trade with elite-level confidence.   —————– Image Credits: Cover image at the top is AI-generated Read the full article

[ennovance]

The trouble with IPOs

The IPO market repeatedly undergoes a cycle, differing in length, where the amount raised rises for several years, peaking in 1999 (dotcom bubble), 2007 (pre-financial crisis), 2014 (before 2015 Chinese market ructions rattled the world) and 2021. Then there’s a painful drop, followed by a gradual recovery.

https://www.ft.com/content/8c10966e-f7cb-4793-a7e5-7e8ff59a8909

🔘https://x.com/mohossain/status/1892063152386273676?s=46

[influencermagazineuk]

Shein, the internet fast-fashion behemoth, recorded its net profit slide by as much as 40% in 2024, posing a new challenge before its much-awaited listing on the London Stock Exchange. The net earnings of the company dropped to around $1 billion, sources familiar with the situation told the Financial Times. Even as the profit fell, Shein's total sales grew by 19% to $38 billion in the year. But these are still far below the company's initial projections. In-house estimates had predicted $4.8 billion in net profit and $45 billion in revenue for 2024, a goal now seeming ever more distant. This slump is well-timed for Shein, which has been gearing up to list on the London Stock Exchange through an initial public offering (IPO). Reuters reported a few days ago that the firm is planning to cut its targeted valuation by nearly 25% to around $50 billion. Bloomberg, on the other hand, has hinted that Shein could be forced to cut its valuation even more, perhaps down to as little as $30 billion. Salon Shein w Galerii Młociny w Warszawie The decline in Shein's profitability is problematic for investor optimism, particularly amid the growing threat of competition facing the fast-fashion sector. Despite Shein ruling online retailing with its bare-bones price points and whirlwind trend cycles, regulatory overhang and the changing market realities have presented the company with some challenges that have the potential to derail its expansion path. Another key driver of Shein's IPO schedule is the changing regulatory landscape in the United States. The Financial Times recently indicated that the London listing could be delayed until the second half of the year as a result of possible policy shifts in Washington. Former U.S. President Donald Trump has moved to repeal a tax break that Shein presently enjoys, a development that could undermine its profitability and result in increased prices for American consumers. This potential tax policy change is even more worrisome considering the dependence of Shein on the U.S. market, wherein it has found a strong following due to its affordability and massive product offerings. Any hike in costs would take the sheen off consumer demand, further affecting the financial prognosis of the company. Shein has not yet made any public response to these reports, and investors and market analysts have been left guessing how the firm is going to overcome these increasing challenges. The doubt around its valuation and profitability may affect whether Shein is able to secure investors when its IPO does eventually happen. Over the past decade, Shein has emerged as a fashion leader in e-commerce, using an analytics-driven system to forecast trends and quickly produce new designs. Its model of direct-to-consumer sales and flexible supply chains has enabled it to fight back aggressively against well-established brands. But whether such a model is sustainable has become increasingly uncertain in recent times, especially with regulators and consumers paying more attention to environmental and labor issues. As Shein continues to register growth in revenue, the sharp dip in profitability is an indicator that sustaining its high-growth expansion strategy may not be as easy as previously envisioned. Should the company have to change its pricing model due to external forces like taxation or supply chain volatility, it would be challenged in maintaining its prime customer base, which primarily focuses on affordability. The next few months will be a defining period for Shein as it decides what to do next in the IPO process and seeks to calm investors. Whether the firm can recover from this decline in profits and ride out the vagaries of an unpredictable world market is hard to say. Read the full article

[entrepreneurstreet]

Bridge Capital Advisory Pvt ltd: Delivering Fast, Reliable, and Tailored Funding Solutions for Businesses

From SME IPO funding to instant emergency loans, the company simplifies access to capital for enterprises across industries.

By Raghav Lodhi on BridgeCapital Advisory

In today's dynamic business landscape, financial support is a fundamental necessity. Whether a company is striving to scale operations, bridge cash flow gaps, or explore new markets, timely access to capital can determine the trajectory of its growth. The ability to secure funding efficiently often makes the difference between seizing an opportunity and missing it altogether.

Bridge Capital Advisory, a leading financial services provider, is playing a crucial role in helping businesses navigate financial challenges with ease. By offering a suite of fast, reliable, and customized funding solutions, the company is ensuring that enterprises, regardless of their size or industry, can access the capital they need without the traditional bureaucratic delays. From SME IPO funding to instant emergency loans, Bridge Capital Advisory is streamlining the financial process, empowering businesses to achieve their strategic goals efficiently.

Comprehensive Funding Solutions for Every Business Need Bridge Capital Advisory has developed a diverse portfolio of financial products designed to cater to businesses at different stages of growth. By addressing a range of funding requirements, the company ensures that enterprises can secure the right financial assistance tailored to their unique needs.

SME IPO Funding: Enabling Small Businesses to Go Public For small and medium enterprises (SMEs) looking to list on the stock exchange, the journey to an initial public offering (IPO) can be financially demanding. IPO funding provides the critical capital necessary to navigate the listing process smoothly, ensuring that SMEs can enhance their market credibility, attract investors, and expand their operations with greater confidence. Bridge Capital Advisory offers structured IPO funding solutions, helping SMEs turn their public listing aspirations into reality.

Bill Discounting: Unlocking Cash Flow from Unpaid Invoices Delayed payments can severely impact a company’s cash flow and operational stability. Bill discounting offers a strategic solution by allowing businesses to convert pending invoices into immediate cash. By providing instant liquidity, this funding mechanism ensures that enterprises can maintain steady operations without financial disruptions, reducing their dependency on payment cycles dictated by clients.

Equity Funding: Capital Support for Business Expansion For enterprises with ambitious expansion plans, securing investment is often a major challenge. Equity funding serves as a gateway for businesses to connect with strategic investors who provide capital for scaling operations, launching new products, or entering new markets. Bridge Capital Advisory facilitates these crucial funding partnerships, helping businesses access capital while also benefiting from investor expertise.

Export Financing: Strengthening Global Trade Operations Businesses engaged in international trade often face financial roadblocks due to high operational costs and delayed payments from foreign buyers. Export financing ensures that enterprises trading globally can secure funds to fulfill orders, manage logistics, and sustain their global operations without cash flow constraints. By addressing these challenges, Bridge Capital Advisory supports exporters in maintaining a competitive edge in international markets.

Instant Emergency Funds: Rapid Access to Capital in Critical Situations Unexpected financial emergencies can arise at any time, potentially jeopardizing a business’s stability. Whether it is an urgent supplier payment, an unforeseen operational cost, or a time-sensitive opportunity, instant emergency funds provide businesses with fast access to capital—sometimes within 24 hours (terms apply). This solution serves as a crucial lifeline for businesses in urgent need of financial support.

Why Businesses Prefer Bridge Capital Advisory In a competitive funding ecosystem, Bridge Capital Advisory distinguishes itself through its speed, transparency, and customer-centric approach. The company’s streamlined processes and commitment to financial excellence have made it a preferred choice among businesses seeking reliable funding solutions.

Quick Approvals and Processing– Unlike traditional financial institutions, Bridge Capital Advisory ensures a swift application process. While equity and IPO financing require due diligence, other funding solutions are processed with minimal delays. Speedy Disbursement – For SME IPOs and equity funding, capital is disbursed within a week, ensuring businesses do not face unnecessary delays. Other funding solutions, including emergency funds, are processed even faster. No Hidden Charges – Transparent pricing and competitive rates ensure that businesses receive financial solutions without unexpected costs or hidden fees. Personalized Financial Assistance – The company provides dedicated financial experts to guide businesses in selecting the most suitable funding options, ensuring that they maximize their financial resources effectively. The Rising Demand for Alternative Funding Solutions As interest rates climb and traditional banks impose stricter lending policies, businesses are increasingly turning to alternative funding providers like Bridge Capital Advisory. These non-traditional financing options offer greater flexibility, faster turnaround times, and fewer restrictive approval processes—factors that are essential for companies looking to stay ahead in a rapidly evolving market.

With economic uncertainties continuing to shape the business environment, access to quick and reliable funding will remain a top priority for enterprises across industries. Bridge Capital Advisory’s commitment to delivering tailored financial solutions places it at the forefront of the business funding ecosystem.

For more information on the company’s financial services, visit Bridge Capital Advisory’s official website or get in touch with their financial experts today.

Thanks you regards Info : info@bridgecapitaladvisory.in Arthur's- Raghav Lodhi, Arun Rathure Connect- Raghav@bridgecapitaladvisory.in Arun@bridgecapitaladvisory.in

[maxcobmara]

2025W4

Week 4 2025

Do a triathlon in a month week.

Target Low : Swim 1.5km Cycle 40km Run 10km Target High: Swim 3.9km Cycle 180.2km Run 42.2km

This week swam 1.2km and ran 3.4km still low Do better! lol

Work a little on code everyday. Been studying from my General Insurance Exam so no progress there.

Do some investment reading, and stockwatching Did well on IPO, almost doubled my $$. Unfortunately down everywhere else. Do I take the L, or just park it under "medium to Long Term Investments"?

Revisit projects in my head. Nope no coding yet.

Housekeeping Have started working through and paying some of the company bills. Will burn through those next week. The studying the reading the materials for exam did let me get some usage out of my Boox, so that's good, making reading a habit again.

Channels Need to submit PSV docs to JPJ. PCEIA GENERAL INSURANCE AB exam is tomorrow. Not sure how far I want to take this, but let's see Sell-stuff Need to get Gen2 ready for sale. Will need to get back the other NC700, and get it reliable for sale. That's a couple of bucks there.