#Excavation service provider

[kamaloutdoor]

[emergencyplumbingil]

At Emergency Plumbing, we specialize in providing top-notch plumbing services for excavation projects. Whether you're building a new property, renovating an existing one, or simply need plumbing repairs in areas where digging is required, we've got you covered. Our team of highly skilled and experienced plumbers are well-versed in excavation work, ensuring that all plumbing-related tasks are carried out efficiently and effectively. We understand the unique challenges that come with excavation projects and are equipped with the knowledge and tools to handle them with precision.

Our Excavation Plumbing Services include:

Trenching and Pipe Installation.

Sewer and Drain Line Repairs.

Foundation Plumbing.

Sump Pump Installation.

Sewer Line Cleaning and Hydro Jetting.

Excavation Plumbing Inspections.

At Emergency Plumbing, we take pride in our commitment to quality workmanship, exceptional customer service, and timely project completion. We prioritize your satisfaction and strive to exceed your expectations with every job we undertake.

Contact us today to discuss your excavation plumbing needs or to schedule a consultation. Our friendly and knowledgeable team will be happy to assist you and provide you with a competitive quote for our services.

Phone 224-754-1984

[kemetic-dreams]

Simbi water spirits are revered in Hoodoo originating from Central African spiritual practices. When Africans were enslaved in the United States, they blended African spiritual beliefs with Christian baptismal practices. Enslaved African Americans prayed to Simbi water spirits during their baptismal services. In 1998, in a historic house in Annapolis, Maryland called the Brice House archaeologists unearthed Hoodoo artifacts inside the house that linked to the Kongo people. These artifacts are the continued practice of the Kongo's minkisi and nkisi culture in the United States brought over by enslaved Africans. For example, archeologists found artifacts used by enslaved African Americans to control spirits by housing spirits inside caches or nkisi bundles. These spirits inside objects were placed in secret locations to protect an area or bring harm to slaveholders. "In their physical manifestations, minkisi (nkisi) are sacred objects that embody spiritual beings and generally take the form of a container such as a gourd, pot, bag, or snail shell. Medicines that provide the minkisi with power, such as chalk, nuts, plants, soil, stones, and charcoal, are placed in the container." Nkisi bundles were found in other plantations in Virginia and Maryland. For example, nkisi bundles were found for the purpose of healing or misfortune. Archeologists found objects believed by the enslaved African American population in Virginia and Maryland to have spiritual power, such as coins, crystals, roots, fingernail clippings, crab claws, beads, iron, bones, and other items assembled together inside a bundle to conjure a specific result for either protection or healing. These items were hidden inside slaves' dwellings. These practices were concealed from slaveholders.

In Darrow, Louisiana at the Ashland-Belle Helene Plantation historians and archeologists unearthed Kongo and Central African practices inside slave cabins. Enslaved Africans in Louisiana conjured the spirits of Kongo ancestors and water spirits by using seashells. Other charms were found in several slave cabins, such as silver coins, beads, polished stones, bones, and were made into necklaces or worn in their pockets for protection. These artifacts provided examples of African rituals at Ashland Plantation. Slaveholders tried to stop African practices among their slaves, but enslaved African Americans disguised their rituals by using American materials and applying an African interpretation to them and hiding the charms in their pockets and making them into necklaces concealing these practices from their slaveholders. In Talbot County, Maryland at the Wye House plantation where Frederick Douglass was enslaved in his youth, Kongo related artifacts were found. Enslaved African Americans created items to ward off evil spirits by creating a Hoodoo bundle near the entrances to chimneys which was believed to be where spirits enter. The Hoodoo bundle contained pieces of iron and a horse shoe. Enslaved African Americans put eyelets on shoes and boots to trap spirits. Archaeologists also found small carved wooden faces. The wooden carvings had two faces carved into them on both sides which were interpreted to mean an African American conjurer who was a two-headed doctor. Two-headed doctors in Hoodoo means a conjurer who can see into the future and has knowledge about spirits and things unknown.

At Levi Jordan Plantation in Brazoria, Texas near the Gulf Coast, researchers suggests the plantation owner Levi Jordan may have transported captive Africans from Cuba back to his plantation in Texas. These captive Africans practiced a Bantu-Kongo religion in Cuba, and researchers excavated Kongo related artifacts at the site. For example, archeologists found in one of the cabins called the "curer's cabin" remains of an nkisi nkondi with iron wedges driven into the figure to activate its spirit. Researchers found a Kongo bilongo which enslaved African Americans created using materials from white porcelain creating a doll figure. In the western section of the cabin they found iron kettles and iron chain fragments. Researchers suggests the western section of the cabin was an altar to the Kongo spirit Zarabanda

[blueiscoool]

2,300-Year-Old Punic Tomb Complex Found in Malta

A 2,300-year-old Punic tomb was discovered during work in a car park near Mater Dei Hospital in Msida, Malta.

The archaeological discovery was made during trenching works near Mater Dei Hospital while preparing the site for the installation of a new potable water line.

The Superintendence of Cultural Heritage (SCH) has been overseeing the site since the start of the project, ensuring the protection and study of any potential discoveries during development works.

An excavation revealed a chamber hewn out of solid natural rock. After additional examination by the SCH’s on-site archaeology monitors, it was found that the chamber was a component of a larger burial complex.

The discovery consists of three burial chambers, each accessed through a central shaft, characteristic of Punic and Roman tombs. It is thought to have been used for multiple inhumations during the Punic and Roman periods. Remarkably, the entrance to each chamber was sealed with original slabs, and the contents inside included human remains and grave goods.

The burial chambers were meticulously excavated over two weeks by a committed team of SCH archaeologists and osteologists. The human remains were primarily inhumations, with some cremated remains stored in urns. The fact that many of the bones were arranged in a methodical manner raises the possibility that earlier remains were moved to make room for later burials. There were several inhumations in each chamber, with at least six in Chambers 2 and 3 and at least two in Chamber 1. A small collection of grave goods and cremation urns were also discovered, offering important new information about the burial customs of the time.

A team of experts, has been working on site to excavate, document, and interpret the remains, some of which have been transferred to the laboratory of the superintendence for further analysis.

Researchers will examine the remains for evidence of the age, sex, and health of the individuals, and conduct DNA analysis.

“The findings, which include skeletal remains, cremation urns, and other funerary artifacts, provide valuable insight into the ancient community that once inhabited the region. Preliminary analysis indicates a Punic timeline, although some artifacts suggest an extended period of use into the early Roman era,” the Foundation for Medical Services and SCH said.

Efforts are underway to ensure the tomb is retained in its entirety, with plans for permanent controlled access to allow for continued study and preservation of this significant archaeological site.

By Oguz Kayra.

[simshousewindsor]

The Royal House of Windsor: A Landmark Collection 

ST LEO'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR CASTLE

St Leo's Chapel, Windsor Castle formally titled The King's Free Chapel of the College of St Leo, Windsor Castle, is a castle chapel built in the late-medieval Perpendicular Gothic style. It is located in the Lower Ward of the Windsor Castle grounds in Easton.

The castle has belonged to the monarchy for almost 300 years, and the chapel has been the scene of many royal services, weddings and burials, known specifically as host for the annual Garter Day service.

In a 1900 petition started by Edward I, St Leo's Chapel and the nearby Windsor Gardens superseded Westsimster Abbey as the chosen burial place for the Windenburg royal family.

Prior to then, members of the royal family were buried at Westsimster Abbey, and monarchs and consorts were buried at Windsor Gardens.

What is the Royal Vault?

The Royal Vault is the burial chamber located 14 feet beneath St. Leo's Chapel, and is situated beneath the chapel's alter. 

King Edward I ordered the excavation and building of the Royal Vault in 1901, with construction on it being completed in 1906. The vault was designated as the final resting place for both senior and minor members of the Royal Family following its completion.

The stone-lined vault measures 70 feet long and 28 feet wide. There is enough room inside it to hold 28 bodies – 24 coffins on shelves along the vault's two sides, with space for an additional 4 coffins in the center. Its entrance is closed off by an iron gate.

Edward I became the first Windenburg King to be interred in the Royal Vault following his death on 18 May 1941. His remains were placed in the vault on 2 June 1941, after his state funeral.

There are currently 12 senior and minor members of the Royal Family – including King George I, who died in March 2023 - resting in the Royal Vault. Over the last 70 years, several Royal Family members have been uprooted from their original burial grounds to be moved into the Royal Vault, such as Prince Albert, Duke of Hastings who was initially buried at Westsimster Abbey.

Where is the Royal Vault located?

During funerals, a slab of black-and-white, diamond-shaped stone flooring is removed to provide access to the vault. The coffin is then lowered through the hole in the floor into the Royal Vault by an electric lift.

Once the Royal Vault lift reaches the bottom of the shaft, the coffin is moved down a corridor and into the vault itself. The coffin is then interred in the vault, placed either on one of the shelves or on a plinth inside.

Monarchs & Consorts Buried at St Leo's, Windsor Castle

Edward I (Royal Vault)

Lara-Leigh (Royal Vault)

Edward II (Royal Vault)

Amelia, Princess Royal (Royal Vault)

Lord John Carmichael (Royal Vault)

Prince Albert, Duke of Hastings (Royal Vault)*

George I (South Quire Aisle)

Monarchs & Consorts Buried at Windsor Gardens

Albert I (Crypt 1)

Isabella, Queen consort (Crypt 1)

Albert II (Crypt 2)

Adaline, Queen consort (Crypt 2)

Willam I, Duke of Brindleton Bay (Crypt 3)

Cynthia, Duchess of Brindleton Bay (Crypt 3)

Laura, Queen consort (Crypt 4)

Prince William (Crypt 4)

Royal Family Buried at Westsimster Abbey

Princess Catherine, Princess Royal (Bay 2L)

General Sir Leo Hardy Jr (Bay 2L)

Prince Otis, Duke of Norfolk (3L)

Birdie, Duchess of Norfolk (3L)

Prince George, Duke of Newsoms (Bay 2R)

Princess Nina, Duchess of Newsoms (Bay 2R)

Princess Grace of Newsoms (Bay 5R)

Burchette Gates Sr (Bay 5R)

Princess Esther, Duchess of Hastings (Bay 7R)

Can you visit the Royal Vault?

No, visitors aren't allowed inside the Royal Vault at Windsor Castle. However, the public can attend services - for free - at St. Leo's Chapel itself.

[oldhalloweentape]

🪨Venture (OW II) x (gn) reader ⛏️

(Mortician Reader Edition!)

(Picture’s not mine!)

(Request here! Hi :) Just another thing for my favorite history geek 💖)

- You know what they say about morbid curiosity, it cultivates people who think the same way, or, at least makes one willing to see other things with open mind…

- And by all means Venture is a person who has a open mind when it comes to different things, readily able to accept and eager to learn whatever they can about something, even if that something may be considered unorthodox.

- They see it as a way to see how both the past and the present treat the dead, how things like funerals or other death rituals were able to evolve into what it is now.

- Again they love to hear about your job, taking in whatever you tell them and responding with things like “Oh that’s so- So AWESOME!!! That has so many parallels to something I saw in a book recently!! Did you know—“

- They ask everything they possibly can, even more so in comparison to others because of its details, which brings up the topic of morbid curiosity, which they have an abundance of.

- Thrilled in a way that is the rare case of innocence and curiosity, asking so many questions about your job what it entails, knowing that it’s more than just a occupation that demands a person to be respectable to something that used to be human.

- There’s something about bodies, both freshly dead and long gone that can scare most people, but not you two—

- You guys do the jobs that could be considered as not beneficial but that’s not exactly the truth, you guys do what many can’t, see and treat things that were always apart of human history, both ancient and recently gone.

- Again tries to help you in the ways that they can, but of course that help is limited considering you’re the only one registered to work with these bodies.

- Though of course planning funerals and such is something they do have more merit over, helping you order and bring in things, not staying for the funerals of course but being a beneficial help.

- They love just how sympathetic you can be towards the families of these people during such vulnerable times, to give their departed loved one the justice they deserved as they saw them one last time before their body was put to rest.

- Tragedy is a significant part of being a mortician, you might not be the one experiencing it first hand, but you do have to put yourself into the effort of giving the departed a service akin to what their loved ones would deem justly—

- A sense of respect that Venture has found themselves tangled as well as they deal with ancient artifacts and the like.

- It is, much like any other job concerning the aspects of life, death, and everything in between, a demanding job that requires consistent scheduling, planning, financing, etc.

- And it may get in the way of your relationship, but Venture would never take it seriously considering their job does much of the same as they go from place to place for excavations.

- If a specific funeral strikes a cord with you, they’re quick to be a listening ear, providing support in any they can as they convince you to say what you are experiencing, life in general can be taxing, catering to the dead is something not many can say they do.

- You both contribute to society in a less than typical way but you still are doing what is best, and that’s something Venture and you can relate to well.

- They adore you with every occupation you decide on, whether you have it already or studying to get it they’re so happy to know that you are doing something you are genuinely interested in rather than letting yourself have a job that doesn’t feed into your aspirations.

- Whenever the situation allows it, they’re do make skeleton puns, not much of a surprise there considering it’s Venture.

- Just keep in mind that they love you and they are there when you need it.

(Finally, I’ve been working on and off on this for a bit lol)

[jasfhercallejo]

The National Museum of Korea is the most representative and extensive museum in Republic of Korea. The museum holds an immense collection: it has more than 410,000 historically valuable and highly aesthetic relics ranging from the Paleolithic Age to the early 20th century, and more than 12,000 masterpieces of its collection are always on display in its permanent exhibition hall.

The museum also houses a Children's Museum, where visitors can learn more about the nation's history through educational programs and experiences. The outdoor grounds feature pagodas and other stone artworks too large to be on display inside. In addition to galleries with a wide array of national and international pieces, the National Museum of Korea is a stage for a number of cultural activities related to collection, preservation, research and analysis, social training, academic publications, intercultural exchange programs, concerts, and more.

The museum has six galleries: Prehistory and Ancient History, Medieval and Early Modern History, Donated works, Calligraphy and Painting, World Art, and Sculpture and Crafts Galleries.

The National Museum of Korea was established in 1945. In 2005, the museum extended and reopened on a site of 307,227㎡ (building area: 45,438㎡) in Yongsan, Seoul. Since its rebirth as a “cultural complex,” the National Museum of Korea not only to preserves and exhibits precious relics, but also provide various educational programs and cultural events.

The National Museum of Korea has a number of important cultural materials related to Silk Road (both land and maritime) from Central Asia, East Asia, and Korea. In particular, its unique collection of Sinan Undersea Relics which is a valuable source of information for study of ancient trade between China, Korea and Japan. A sunken Chinese trading ship was discovered in 1975, in the Korean southwest coast near Sinan, Jeollanam-do Province. The ship, carrying trade goods produced on orders from the Kyoto area, sank on its way to Japan from Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, China in 1323. About 30,000 maritime Silk Roads objects were excavated; they are 14th century Chinese goods, including celadon wears, coins, metal artifacts, medical artifacts, and many other types of objects.

Visitors can appreciate its vast collection; numerous national treasures of Korea are exhibited including Pensive Bodhisattva (a Korean National Treasure), Goryeo Celadon Openwork Burner, Ten-Story Pagoda from Gyeongcheonsa Temple Site, and Gold Crown from Silla.

In addition to the programs and contents respects mentioned above, the National Museum of Korea would be one of the best museums in the world, in terms of the size of the museum (biggest one in Asia and sixth in the world), the annual attendance figures (1st in Asia, 10th in the world in 2009), additional facilities (a theater, a cafeteria, a museum shop, education hall, conference rooms), and digital services for the exhibition (PDA, MP3 and kiosk system).

Opening hours: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday & Sunday : 10:00 am ~ 6:00 pm (Final entrance at 5:30 pm); Wednesday & Saturday : 10:00 am ~ 9:00 pm (Final entrance at 8:30 pm)

[repairfoundation]

Unveiling The Intricacies Of Excavation: Delving Deeper During Construction

Excavation: the simple term encapsulates a myriad of skills, procedures, and safety measures that contribute significantly to every construction project. Most construction work begins with the careful removal of earth, making a hole or channelling the ground to prepare for the erection of buildings or laying of pipelines. As commonplace as it might seem, excavation is a crucial part of construction that requires extensive planning, expertise and precision.

To begin with, what exactly is excavation? Technically, it’s the process of moving earth, rock or other materials from a site with tools, equipment, or explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunnelling and underground. Yet, in the context of construction, excavation extends beyond mere digging. It modulates the terrain to suit the structural requirement, ensuring the safety and stability of the ensuing structure.

At the heart of every excavation project is the objective to create a stable, safe, and efficient worksite. Basic excavation work typically follows the same series of steps. First, a site assessment is undertaken to determine the composition and stability of the soil, presence of water or rock layers, and any potential hazards. The comprehensive analysis garnered from this assessment then directs the excavation strategy.

Next comes site preparation, which involves clearing the area of any vegetation, debris, or existing structures. This process ensures a clean slate for construction work while minimising the risk of accidents and disturbances during excavation. Benching or sloping techniques could also be implemented on the site to prevent collapse or landslide from happening, thus achieving safety protocol adherence.

The actual excavation work is executed in a carefully measured and precise manner. Whether it’s done manually with shovels and wheelbarrows or mechanically with bulldozers, excavators and backhoes, the work is always carried out meticulously. Technology has indeed become an integral part of excavation, with engineers using software to model excavations prior to deployment, minimising surprises or miscalculations.

Trench excavation is another common practice where a narrow excavation is crafted that is deeper than it is wide. Used mostly for laying pipes, cables and service lines, trench excavation greatly increases the safety of workers by preventing cave-ins and providing easy access to the worksite.

Wet Weather excavation is a challenging scenario frequently encountered on work sites. Here, strategic measures are taken to handle water accumulation. Pumps can be used to remove water, and dewatering methods may be deployed to minimize the water table level.

Post excavation work, structures are erected, pipes are laid, and soil is replaced around the new structure or channel. Again, this is done with extreme care to ensure the stability of the structure and prevent unnecessary exertion of pressure.

In every construction project, the importance of excavation can’t be overstated. It lays the foundation for a safe and successful build. Despite it being a process often overlooked or simplified by laymen, and sometimes perceived as the mundane act of digging, it is, in fact, a scientific procedure replete with precision and tactical stratagems, rivalling the complexity of the structure it prepares ground for.

From the analysis of soil composition to the final touch of replacing the removed dirt, excavation attests to the power of human intervention over nature, moulding the earth to suit the burgeoning demands of urban structures and infrastructures. Understanding its finer details, we may appreciate more deeply the caveats of the construction world and marvel at the impressive structures made possible by these complex and elemental earth movements.

Tagged Construction, Excavation, Foundation Solutions, Intricacies Of Excavation

[chaotic-archaeologist]

Hello again! I messaged earlier about experience with Service dogs and archeology digs and stuff and wanted to say thank you! With your posts and information I felt comfortable enough to continue down the path and now have a beautiful husky service dog (already i know it was a lucky find) who adores me and when she saw me despite being in a room with other dogs and people she had known longer just came up to me and sat on me and wouldn’t move! Sorry if a bit of an over share I just adore her so much. I wanted to come back and update you if that was oaky. I also have a couple more questions!a couple programs I have been looking into to do summer excavations with are opening up and stuff and I wanted to ask about if there is anything in particular I should look to avoid when applying with my service dog in mind. I also wanted to ask if you or anyone you know had any bad experiences with these places or people running it, as the excavation i did this past summer had someone who was “predatory” and I do not really want to find my self in a place there again. And response is appreciated thank you! (Sorry this is getting a bit long, so ill leave it here. Also mandatory pet/service dog tax is paid here)

Aw, I'm so glad to hear that! Your pup looks fantastic—I hope you two get to have many adventures together.

When it comes to applications for field schools (or anything else) with a service dog/disability, here's my advice: do not mention anything about this in your application.

Look, implicit bias is real, and archaeology has a lot of work to do reckoning with ableism in the field. It sucks, but it's true. I don't doubt that the individual people reviewing your application have good intentions, but that still might not necessarily prevent them from unconsciously selecting against you due to your disability.

After you are accepted, send them an email outlining your abilities and the accommodations you will need. You do not owe them any medical information you do not want to give, but you should also balance that with providing instructors with the information they will need to keep you safe in the field.

Disclosing after you've been formally accepted offers you much more robust legal protection—if they turn you down now, it's easier to prove that it's because of your disability. They are also now obligated to provide the accommodations you need.

As for reviewing programs/instructors, I don't know of how much help I can be. Remember that this is the internet, and anything someone says here should be taken with a grain of salt. The best sources of information about things like this are always going to be other people who work in the same area/have experience working with these people/programs. Word gets around. Ask your professors, and see if you can track down some former students.

Best of luck,

-Reid

[soon-palestine]

While most telecom networks bury their cables 60cm (about 2ft) underground, PalTel buries its cables up to 8 metres (26ft)  deep. In case the Israelis cut off electricity, its data centres in Gaza also have three layers of redundancy: generators, solar panels and batteries. The company has also developed emergency protocols to direct workers remotely from the occupied West Bank, and if severed communications make this impossible, Gazan staff are empowered to act autonomously. Despite all the redundancies and preparations, the sheer scale of bombings these past weeks has still crippled the network. About 70 percent of the mobile network has been taken offline. Solar panels have been rendered mostly useless either by being destroyed in attacks or covered in dust and debris. The relentless nature of the conflict is also weighing on staff, who are dogged by danger from their house to the field. Rabih*, a fibre optics technician, was called to repair a cable just metres from the border on October 15. Prior to going, he had to give an exhaustive list of the repair team’s names, the colour of their cars and registration numbers to the Israelis, because “a mistake could be deadly”. As Rabih and his team laboured for two hours to fix the cable, the buzz of a drone above him and the sounds of shelling intermingled with the sound of their excavator. “Any wrong move could mean being targeted. I cannot explain to my wife and kids why I do that or why I volunteer to go out during the war. My company doesn’t oblige me, but if someone can do it, it has to be me,” he said. No matter how many metres deep they dig or the number of solar panels they install, Gaza’s connections to the outside world ultimately relies on the Israelis.

The cables that connect Gaza to the outside world run through Israel, and the country on at least two occasions has deliberately cut off the strip’s international communications. “It’s clear for us that it was cut off by a decision. What proves this is that we didn’t do anything to get it back,” Melhem said. Israel also controls fuel to Gaza, allowing a small trickle into Gaza on Friday after weeks of pressure from the United States. Described as a “drop in the bucket” by humanitarian groups, Israel announced that 120,000 litres (31,700 gallons) of fuel would be allowed into the territory every two days for use by hospitals, bakeries and other essential services. PalTel will also be given 20,000 litres (5,283 gallons) of fuel every two days for its generators. On Thursday, the company had announced it would go into a full telecoms blackout because its fuel reserves were exhausted for the first time during the current war. According to Mamoon Fares, the corporate support director at PalTel, the 20,000 litres provided “should be enough to operate a good part of the network”. However, Gaza’s telecoms network will still be at the mercy of Israel should it decide to cut off fuel deliveries or network services that run through its territory. Without the ability to communicate, the already dismal situation in Gaza would only further deteriorate. “No ambulances, no emergency services, no civil defence or humanitarian organisations can work without telecommunications,” Melhem said. * Names have been changed to protect the individuals’ safety.

[emergencyplumbingil]

At Emergency Plumbing, we specialize in providing top-notch plumbing services for excavation projects. Whether you're building a new property, renovating an existing one, or simply need plumbing repairs in areas where digging is required, we've got you covered. Our team of highly skilled and experienced plumbers are well-versed in excavation work, ensuring that all plumbing-related tasks are carried out efficiently and effectively. We understand the unique challenges that come with excavation projects and are equipped with the knowledge and tools to handle them with precision.

At Emergency Plumbing, we take pride in our commitment to quality workmanship, exceptional customer service, and timely project completion. We prioritize your satisfaction and strive to exceed your expectations with every job we undertake.

Contact us today to discuss your excavation plumbing needs or to schedule a consultation. Our friendly and knowledgeable team will be happy to assist you and provide you with a competitive quote for our services.

With multiple locations throughout North Shore and Northwest suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, Emergency Plumbing offers prompt and professional plumbing services.

Phone 224-754-1984

[quotes-by-dilanka]

A Maze

Trying to find ourselves

in the mousetraps set so long ago

to avoid the pitfalls of our lived reality.

Not even GPS can guide us

when the routing glitch is a loop caused by a navigation error.

Our bodies send us signals

Our body sends us signals

Detours and road construction 🚧

are never marked;

and most of us don’t take the time

to download the latest update.

Instead, relying on outdated programs akin to Rand McNally.

While knowing that most of our surface hasn’t even been mapped yet.

We’re Cartographers surveying terrain identifying contours and features; creating archeological charts to detail topography that guides

in our excavation.

Sign posts in the wrong location provide misleading information and correlation misplacement

identifying patterns

while simultaneously

conflating present actuality.

Our bodies send us signals

Our body sends us signals

Unconscious patterns

wearing grooves

in response to landmarks that

no longer exist

providing directions

to places we’ve been,

but can never return to;

where emergency services

were never available.

Our bodies send us signals

Our body sends us signals

Sundown laws apply like vacation nightmares.

A constant race to find safe haven should one get caught in the unfriendly territory of our mind’s design.

Backtracking to find our way

when we can not connect.

We create a tower from within

to gain reception and reclaim service.

Somatic awareness guides

impact absorption

as trust and intuition

insure safety on the road.

Our body

sending signals.

Our bodies

sending signals.

We need only listen

to the directions

to find our way home.

—Tara Blanca

[blueiscoool]

The House of the Vettii in Pompeii Reopens

The House of the Vettii, one of the largest and richest homes in Pompeii, prodigiously endowed with a fresco of Priapus that has become an icon of the city, reopens to the public on Tuesday after years of complex restoration.

The House of the Vettii was the home of Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius Conviva, freedmen brothers who made a fortune as wine merchants and ascended the social ladder. Restitutus was a candidate for aedile, a magistrate responsible for holding public games and the maintenance of public buildings. Conviva was an Augustalis, a priest of the cult of the deified Augustus, a position of civic importance that was more akin to a magistracy. In this role he would have funded major public works projects.

The Vettii bought the house, originally built in the 2nd century B.C., after the earthquake of 62 A.D. It was in a tony neighborhood that many of the wealthy homeowners had left rather than rebuild. When the rich moved out, the nouveau-riche moved in. Freedmen who had made big bucks in trade like the Vettii were a prime example of the trend. They bought the aristocratic villa, repaired it and expanded it, adding a huge peristyle garden with statues and fountains. Every room was lavishly painted with frescoes on mythological motifs, telegraphing their wealth and the new status it bought them. Priapus, his massive phallus balancing on a scale against a bag of money, welcomed visitors in the vestibule of the house. Two large bronze strongboxes were placed in the atrium so everyone who got past Priapus would be confronted with the the most literal possible representation of the wealth of the Vettii.

The frescoes are mostly in the Pompeiian Fourth style, a combination of the previous three styles (faux marble veneers from the first, architectural trompe l’oeil from the second, ornate, stylized ornament from the third). The Vettii frescoes provide unique insight into the transition between the Third and Fourth style of mural painting. There is also a remarkable series of striking black and red frescoes depicting groups of cupids performing a variety of tasks, mythological ones like celebrating a festival of Bacchus and a festival of Vesta, sure, but of particular note are the representations of daily work, including the gathering and pressing of grapes, buying and selling the wine, dyeing and cleaning clothes in a fullery, picking flowers and making garlands for sale, making perfumed oil and making coins. The cupids are also captured at leisure, hunting on goat-back, racing in chariots pulled by deer and taking part in an archery contest.

The room adjacent to the kitchen was painted with a series of explicit erotic frescoes. It may have been a visual menu of options offered by an enslaved prostitute Eutychis who advertises her services for two asses (plural of as, the lowest-value Roman coin) on a graffito at the entrance of the house.

The domus was first excavated between late 1894 and early 1896. In the 1950s reinforced concrete roofs were added to the peristyle to protect the architectural remains from the elements. It was no longer protecting it, however. On the contrary, the flat concrete roof was unsound and directly contributing to water infiltration and damage.

Already affected by works in 1995, when the problem created by the concrete roofs of the 50s was evident, the house was partially reopened in 2016, after 12 years of closure and then closed again after 3 years for further restoration. Interventions that involved the roofing but also the paintings, with the removal of the patina created by previous restorations.

The old concrete roofs have now been replaced with sloped roofs formed from hollow blocks on metal frameworks. The wooden roofs added in the 1990s are still functional but needed refurbishment, and a new rainwater drainage system was devised to integrate the new roofs with the existing drainage system.

Conservators also cleaned and conserved the wall and floor decorations and the fixtures of the garden. It was a painstaking process of cleaning, regrouting and integrating interventions from different periods with the aim of recovering the legibility of the images and colors.

[fatehbaz]

Nordelta, one of Buenos Aires’s most exclusive areas, is a conglomerate of gated communities with over 50,000 residents. It sits on the wetlands of the River Paraná, second only to the Amazon in South America. And it was built by emptying and refilling canals, which [...] reduced the wetlands’ capacity to absorb rainfall. Nordelta opened in 2001, right when the economy collapsed after a decade of extreme neoliberal adjustments. In 2001, Argentina had five presidents in the span of 11 days, police killed 39 citizens during protests, and personal bank accounts were frozen [...]. Nordelta’s main attraction for consumers was [...] a distinguished, United States lifestyle. [...] Master-planned communities (MPCs) are privately built and designed neighborhoods in the city outskirts constructed by large-scale developers, offering amenities, services, and rules through homeowner associations. [...]

While driving through the main road to the conglomerate, [...] to the right, malls, apartments, and private schools with English names that are only accessible by car. [...] Over 8,000 workers cross these gates daily to provide multiple services. [...] These workers cannot walk on the avenues because “Nordelta residents do not want to see them around,” [...]. This segregationist structure of Nordelta emerged alongside the expansion of the neoliberal state. While Nordelta today resembles Miami, it was initially thought of as the French ville nouvelles (“new towns”), which aimed to integrate rural migrants within European cities.

---

In 1977, engineer Julián Astolfoni acquired the first plot of land from the descendants of [...] a general who had obtained the lands previously peopled by Guaraníes and Carupás after fighting in the “Desert Campaign against the Indians.” When Astolfoni got the plot, Nordelta was conceptualized to fix the problem of undesired urban sprawl at a time when the [...] state of the last civic-military dictatorship was trying to “eradicate” the villas miseria (shantytowns) for being “filthy” spaces threatening private property and national moralities.  

The project goals shifted once it was finally approved in 1992 when Astolfoni partnered with businessmen [EC] and other North American corporations, [...] including [...] a U.S. real estate specialized in MPCs. [...] Nordelta retained the enduring idea of the desert as a space to be filled. Like every pioneer narrative, it positioned Astolfoni and [EC], the engineer-corporate duo, as heroes saving “neglected” environments and conquering a wetland that would remain otherwise ��vast, useless, dangerous, and vacant.” They would do this by emulating the U.S. MPCs of the 1960s, the ones that turned public malls into consumption centers [...].

---

In the 1990s, president Carlos Menem’s government extended neoliberal measures and promoted Miami as a tourist destination for middle-class families [...]. Despite its diversity, Miami became a symbol of whiteness and economic success [...]. The neoliberal reconfiguration of white exceptionalism as a desire to emulate western geographies became Nordelta’s mark, offering global lifestyles to the elites who can now “live like in Miami, but a few miles away from the Buenos Aires Obelisk,” as an Argentinian newspaper with connections to Nordelta claimed. [...]

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In 2001, when the machines were opening the soil, a woman [...] found ceramic pieces and bones. The finding led to an organized movement [...]. A team of archaeologists who had been working in the area before visited the place, corroborated the existence of an ancestral site, and registered it as the Punta Canal archaeological site. [...] Despite protests [...], the company sent excavators and destroyed a significant portion of the site. [...]  [T]he organized group of neighbors and Indigenous peoples constituting the Movimiento en Defensa de la Pacha Mama set out to protect the archaeological remains and the Indigenous cemetery [...]. [T]heir organization pushed for the recognition of the land, now named Punta Querandí, as communitarian in 2020 [...]. Furthermore, [...] the movement achieved the return and reburial of 42 bodies from ancestors whom an archaeologist from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency had exhumed in 1925. [...]

[T]his long, complex, and well-documented story of the emergence of Punta Querandí [is told] in the museum, el Museo Autónomo de Gestión Indígena, which also has a digital archive. Despite the developers’ representation of the area as wild and rural, Punta Querandí has “made visible that the reality of Indigenous Peoples also occurs in Buenos Aires,” [...]. [T]he desegregationist project of Punta Querandí, a land not attached to geneticized or archaeologized visions of Indigeneity, but rather a Territory where Guaraní, Qom, Colla, Moqoit, or Aymara Peoples, among many others, can reunite [...].

---

Punta Querandí and its desegregationist project shows the power of edges. [...]

Exemplified by Nordelta, MPCs generate profit by transforming rural into elite lands while rearticulating racial and spatial borders that make distinctions sharper, more guarded, and less porous -- between centers and peripheries, grounded and flooded land [...]. MPCs originated in the U.S. and continue to circulate American imaginaries of race, segregation, and neoliberal commons worldwide. [...]  By selling reductionist archetypes, such as the fantasy of white Miami, in order to profit from them, real estate developments obscure how environments continue to be complex, multiple, and diverse despite the violence enacted upon them.

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Text by: Mara Dicenta. “The Violence of Gated Communities in Buenos Aires’s Wetlands.” Edge Effects. 20 April 2023. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]

[yatescountyhistorycenter]

Do you know Yates County?: Yates County Oddity No. 1 through No. 26

By Jonathan Monfiletto

Anyone who has conducted research either through Yates County’s digitized newspapers or the Yates County History Center’s subject files has likely come across items titled either “Penn Yan Oddity” or “Yates County Oddity.” These items – snippets might be a good word – provide information about various aspects of local history, seeming to answer some sort of question or mystery.

Seeing so many of these snippets – and finding the answers but seeming not to find the question – I decided to scour our digitized newspaper database to see if I could find all of them, the questions with the answers. It turns out the oddities – 90 Penn Yan Oddity items, 52 Yates County Oddity items – were part of an advertising campaign in the 1940s for Baldwin’s Bank, then located at 127 Main St. in Penn Yan, the present-day home of the Arts Center of Yates The Penn Yan Oddities ran in The Chronicle-Express in consecutive weeks from February 20, 1947 to November 11, 1948, and then the Yates County Oddities picked up right away in the newspaper from November 18, 1948 to November 24, 1949. So, for more than 2 and a half years, readers of The Chronicle-Express learned something about local history each week in the newspaper.

Each item started out as an advertisement for Baldwin’s Bank with the phrase “Do You Know Yates County?” at the top of the graphic followed by the question for the week. In the middle, the bulk of the ad, would appear information about the bank’s various services and offerings. The bottom would direct the reader to look for the answer elsewhere on the same page and then look for another Oddity the following week.

In this article, I present Yates County Oddity No. 1 through No. 26. Each question and answer has been transcribed exactly as it appeared in the newspaper, which changes made only for typographical errors and not for grammatical errors. The only time words have been removed from the items is in the case of references to photographs that appeared in the newspaper.

1) Where are there 10 different classifications of soil within ½ mile?

A Yates County soil analysis made in 1916 shows that at Fiveville, a little south of Italy Hill, there are 10 classifications of soil within a half-mile radius: Wooster, gravelly silt loam and stoney silt loam, Volusia flat phase silt loam and silt loam, muck, Holly silt loam, Papakating silt clay loam, Chenango gravelly silt loam, Lordstown stoney silt loam, and Genesee silt loam.

2) What farm still uses an ��old oaken bucket?”

There is an “Old Oaken Bucket” well still in use on the old McFarren farm, Penn Yan, RD 4, now owned by H.M. Fulkrod. The bucket is lowered by a rope and there is a wood hand brake to slow the speed as it descends the well. When filled, the bucket is drawn up by turning the crank attached to the wooden spool.

3) Who was the first white child born here?

The great grandfather of Charles Beaumont, Penn Yan insurance agent and real estate brother, is said to be the first white child born in what is now Yates county. Joseph Hopeton Beautmont was born Sept. 26, 1798, to James Beaumont, native of England, and Mary Malin Beaumont, flollowers of Jemima Wilkinson. Their child was the first born in the New Jerusalem settlement. J.H. Beaumont died June 27, 1893, in the residence at 109 East Main street, now owned and occupied by Herbert Thayer. The old “Beaumont” horseblock may still be seen in front of the residence.

4) Bricks for what building were made of clay dug from the building’s cellar?

Sixty years ago this summer clay was removed when the basement for Ball hall of Keuka institute and college was being excavated. The same clay went chiefly into the making of the interior bricks from which the present structure was built.

5) What township was called Vernon?

From Jerusalem township of Ontario county in 1803 a new township, including what is now Milo and Torrey, was created and named Vernon. But Oneida county had created a Vernon township a year earlier, so confusion resulted. As a result on April 6, 1809 the state legislature changed the name of Vernon township, Ontario county, to Snell, honoring the state senator, Jacob Snell from Montgomery county.

Residents of this area apparently saw no reason for honoring a senator from another county, so assembled in a protest meeting at the inn of Luman Phelps, located at the corner of Main and Head streets in the young village of Penn Yan. The group petitioned the legislature to change the name to Benton township, honoring Levi Benton, the first settler in the region. On April 2, 1810, Albany nodded consent.

Milo township was set up and apart from Benton township in 1818 and Torrey township was separated from Benton in 1851.

6) What traditional birthplace of a people is in Yates?

Bare Hill in the western section of Yates county on the east side of Canandaigua lake is famous in legends of the early inhabitants of Yates county as the supernatural birthplace of the Seneca Indians.

7) What was the first name of Starkey town?

Both Starkey and Barrington townships were originally, along with Tyrone, Wayne, and Reading townships, now of Steuben and Schuyler counties, a part of Frederickton in Steuben county. Afterwards Reading was cut off and the Town of Wayne, including what is now Barrington, was organized. In 1822 Barrington was organized with the boundaries that define it today and in 1826, along with Starkey, it was annexed to Yates county.

8) Where was the nearest toll gate to Penn Yan?

A toll gate on the Penn Yan Branchport plank roead was near the site of the Allison and Daniels office – the old Hanford farm. The toll gate at the other end of the road was near Esperanza at the foot of the old road that ascends the hill west of the spacious mansion. Many older residents can remember the ruins of this toll gate house.

9) What surveyor was first settler of a town?

John Mower, 18, carried the chain, served as cook and was in charge of the pack horses for the crew which surveyed the new pre-emption line from Pennsylvania’s north border to Lake Ontario. In 1790 he settled in West River hollow, Italy township. Italy was originally part of Middletown township, organized in 1789, but changed to Naples township in 1808. Seven years later Italy township was set off. John Mower is quoted in history as saying that one spring he killed 314 rattlesnakes on the west side of the stream not far from the rocky ledges where they hibernated. The township was then rich in a dense forest of noble trees.

10) What rural cemeteries were once next to churches?

The cemetery near Swing’s or Ovenshire’s corners on the Penn Yan-Dundee road in Barrington and the Nettle Valley cemetery on the Penn Yan-Potter road, road were once adjoining churches. The church buildings have long since been removed and their location obliterated.

Do you know of any others in Yates county?

11) What was the first barn west of Seneca Lake?

In 1791, according to tradition, Caleb Benton built a barn 30 by 40 feet, starting on Monday morning with trees standing in the woods. These, it is said, were felled, hewed, and framed and the barn enclosed so that wheat was drawn into it by Saturday.

This was reported to be the first barn built west of Seneca lake.

12) Is there a battle ground sites in Yates?

The nearest any part of the present area of Yates county came to becoming a battleground was Sept. 9, 1779, when 400 of General Sullivan’s riflemen were sent along the west side of Seneca lake from the site of Geneva to what is now Kashong point and there wrecked the Indian settlement. Resistance of the [Native Americans] was insignificant if not entirely lacking.

The power of Indians had been broken in the battle of Newtown, east of Elmira.

13) What is Lake Keuka unlike other lakes?

Lake Keuka is unique, but not because it is shaped like the letter Y.

Geologists say that it is perhaps the only body of Y-shaped water with one of the upper branches an inlet and the other an outlet. Elsewhere nature has made the two top branches inlets and the base branch an outlet. Early glacial action, say geologists, created this freak. Water flows in at Hammondsport, the south end, also at Branchport, one of the north ends, and flows out through the other north end by way of the East or Penn Yan branch.

14) How old is the Friend house?

While commonly referred to as 150 years, the actual age of the Jemima Wilkinson house in Jerusalem is a matter of dispute. Arnold Potter, descendant of the early Friend settlers, believes the dwelling was some five years in the building and was completed in 1815. Her death occurred four years later. The Friend joined her followers near City Hill, Torrey township, in 1790 and there built the first frame dwelling in western New York. This would have been 25 years before completion of the Jerusalem home which still stands.

15) Where is there a Kentucky coffee tree?

On the east side of Route 14, the Dresden-Geneva state road, just before crossing the bridge over Kashong creek as one drives north out of Yates into Ontario county is a Kentucky Coffee tree – a rare sight in this vicinity. The tree is conspicuous because of its large leaf and uniquely shaped seed pod.

Does anyone know of any others in Yates county?

16) Through what bay does Yates rainfall reach ocean?

Practically all the area of Yates county drains into Canandaigua, Keuka, or Seneca lakes or into Potter swamp and runs eventually through the St. Lawrence river and bay into the Atlantic ocean. But a very limited section of South Italy and Jerusalem townships drain into the Cohocton and a bit of southern Barrington into Waneta and Lamoka lakes from when the water may flow through the Susquehanna system into the Atlantic by way of the Chesapeake bay, some 1,000 miles south of the St. Lawrence.

17) How many Yates places use Old World names?

At least four Yates county townships – Italy, Jerusalem, Milo, and Middlesex – have names which were long famous in England or on the continent of Europe. Also two villages – Dundee and Dresden.

Do you know of any other Yates community names borrowed from other countries?

18) What famous orator was born in this county?

Some of the addresses of Red Jacket, famed Indian orator, have been included in printed collections of the famous speeches of the years. But Red Jacket may or may not have been born in Yates county. Historians disagree upon the place of his birth. It may have been near Branchport or at Canoga, in Seneca county.

Robert G. Ingersoll, agnostic and brilliant orator, was born in Dresden Aug. 11, 1833. His birthplace is being preserved in his memory.

19) Where is the highest spot in Yates County?

The highest spot in Yates county is 2,130 feet above sea level and includes a few acres on the high plateau just west of the Jerusalem township line in Italy, about six miles west and a bit north of Branchport. It was in this area that a bomber crashed during World War II, killing all occupants.

20) Where is the lowest spot in Yates County?

The lowest spot in Yates county is above sea level – and is located somewhere in the bottom of Seneca lake this side of the Seneca county line which is in the middle of the lake.

Within the last few years Yates county has “settled” a great deal – some 400 feet roughly. Up to that time the eastern boundary of the county was highwater mark on the west shore of Seneca lake, which is listed as about 444 feet above sea level. This boundary caused much confusion. Game Protector Clay White, for example, apprehending a duck hunter or fisherman off the Yates county shore for some violation, had to take his man all the way around the end of Seneca lake, possibly 40 miles, to bring him before a Seneca county official. Assemblyman Vernon Blodgett introduced a bill a few years ago placing the county boundary in the middle of the lake.

In spots Seneca lake bottom is said to be even a bit below sea level.

21) How may lakes are there in the county?

There are no lakes in Yates county – entirely within the county, that is.

More than half of the Lake Keuka shoreline is within Yates, about seven miles of the Canandaigua shore line and over 20 miles of Seneca lake’s west shore. Lakes Waneta and Lamoka are just beyond the county boundaries.

22) How many railroads are there in the county?

Three different railroad companies operate lines in Yates county: the Pennsylvania, the New York Central, and the Lehigh Valley, the latter running diesel motors over the Middlesex Valley line between Geneva and Naples. These are the first diesels to be used in regular service in the county.

23) How many schools are there in the county?

While there are 50 rural school districts in Yates county, according to Superintendent Stephen Underwood of Branchport, but 26 of them maintain a school. Of the remaining 24 districts, 8 have sold their buildings; the others being idle, actually there are 32 schools in Yates county, if you add to the above 26 rural schools, the Middlesex Valley and Dundee central schools, St. Michael’s Parochial school in Penn Yan, the Penn Yan Union school (which has five buildings), Lakemont academy, and Keuka college with its several buildings.

24) How many miles of state road are there?

According to George Havens, county superintendent of highways, the total public highway mileage in Yates county is 1,813.44. Of this total 149.18 miles are in county highways, 109.16 state roads, and only 55.10 of town roads.

25) How many post offices are there in Yates?

Two of the Yates county townships, Italy and Barrington, have no post offices. Three townships have one post office each: Rushville in Potter, Dresden in Torrey, and Middlesex in Middlesex township. Milo and Benton have two post offices each: Penn Yan and Himrod in the former, Bellona and Gage in the latter. Jerusalem township with three offices, at Branchport, Bluff Point, and Keuka Park, and Starkey with  four, at Dundee, Rock Stream, Starkey, and Lakemont, bring the total number of post offices now operating in this county to 14. Years ago there were many more.

26) How many public libraries in Yates County?

Branchport, Keuka Park, Dundee, and Penn Yan now have the only libraries which are open to the public.

All of these are included as participants in the Yates County Community chest.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Inside Climate News:

Coal mines are not static. They move. A years-long time lapse of a strip mine would show a crater crawling across the Earth as miners gouge pits hundreds of feet deep to expose coal seams, and then haul dirt excavated from the front of the hole to fill in the back, where the mining’s finished. It’s an efficient way to begin the process of “reclamation,” which companies are required to implement to restore the disturbed land to some semblance of its pre-mining condition.

“You don’t want to have to move dirt twice,” as that would make the mining operation more expensive and the reclamation effort more difficult, said Rusty Bell, the director of Gillette College’s Office of Economic Transformation, as he drove his silver Ram pickup to tour coal mines in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin on a sunny day in May. A geological formation stretching from Campbell County across the state’s northeast corner into Montana, the basin is the nation’s largest producer of coal. All but four of its 16 coal mining operations are in Wyoming, many of them within 20 miles of Gillette.

Riding shotgun was Justin Loyka, an energy program director with the Nature Conservancy’s Wyoming chapter. Together, the two are trying to solve a problem the county has been staring down for over a decade: What will happen to Campbell County’s coal mines in a clean energy future? The solution, they believe, could be found in the answer to another question. Regardless of how quickly and cost effectively the mines are filled in, questions of what to do with the land once it’s reclaimed often linger. Could solar farms built on those filled craters help fill the economic void left by the area’s declining coal industry, and fulfill the aspirations of county leaders and residents who want to see it remain a home to industry?

Gillette, a town of about 33,000 residents, sits in the heart of Campbell County, and has been the area’s biggest beneficiary from coal mining. When the industry came to town in the 1970s and boomed two decades later, Campbell County and Gillette soared with it. But while the region is home to some of the country’s last coal mines, its fate, like so many of Wyoming’s boom towns and cities, has been dependent on the financial success and largess of extractive industries. After the fracking boom of the early 2000s and U.S. efforts to transition its energy grids away from fossil fuels to renewable energy, the coal industry has been on a precipitous decline. The country has not opened a new coal-fired power plant since 2020, and this May, the Bureau of Land Management made federal lands in the Powder River Basin unavailable for future coal mining leases. Many believe it is only a matter of time before coal electricity goes extinct.

Politicians in Wyoming, and several of its communities, many of whom have come to rely heavily on the taxes oil, gas and coal companies pay into state coffers, view the clean energy transition as a threat to the way the state is used to providing jobs and public services. But unlike other parts of the Cowboy State that have gone belly up after the deluge of fossil fuel tax revenue suddenly dried up, Gillette’s way of life has not diminished in tandem with the demand for coal. As Bell put it, the county is “diverse in minerals.” It still draws a substantial amount of its tax revenue from oil and gas severance taxes, which, along with the now declining tax revenue from coal, have helped pay for Gillette’s spacious recreation facilities and state of the art industrial training programs. Both Gillette’s and Campbell County’s median household income are north of $90,000, about 30 percent higher than the state average, and the area’s population has remained stable during the last decade, according to U.S. Census Bureau estimates, making Gillette the exceedingly rare coal community that is not hemorrhaging its population.

Nevertheless, Bell, Loyka and other community leaders see the writing on the wall for Campbell County’s fossil fuel economy, particularly as it is driven by coal. Clean energy is “where the market is,” said Bell. “I’m not picking and choosing. I’m not deciding this or that. The market’s actually deciding that. I’m just trying to help that pathway.”

As part of a national campaign to get more renewable energy developed on reclaimed mines and brownfields—lands that previously had heavy industrial use—the Nature Conservancy published a map marking overlaps between such areas and conservable landscapes. Their map, which drew on data from the Environmental Protection Agency, United States Geological Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as well as several state agencies, showed most of Wyoming’s industrial sites are embedded in a kaleidoscope of migration corridors, ungulate ranges, sage grouse habitat and areas of environmental concern that require more agonizing trade offs between the proliferation of clean energy and conservation. The lone bare spot on the map, where new industrial development would overlap less with conservation and rewilding efforts, sat squarely in Campbell County.