#Evans 10 vitamin c

[rabbitcruiser]

National Banana Split Day

In our opinion, this is easily one of the best parts of summer or any time of year where you like to indulge in an ice cream treat! It blends together the perfect flavor of bananas with the rich sweet flavor of the ice cream, topped with whipped cream, maraschino cherries, strawberries, hot fudge, and anything else your heart can imagine! National Banana Split Day celebrates this amazing treat and a perfect excuse to indulge in it!

Learn about National Banana Split Day

National Banana Split Day is exactly what you expect to be: it is a day to celebrate this amazing dessert. It gives you the perfect opportunity to tuck into this sweet treat. After all, who doesn’t love a delicious banana split? You can enjoy one of these desserts (or several) and you don’t need to feel guilty about it! Music to our ears. Have fun trying out your own banana split inventions. You won’t regret it!

Fun facts about banana splits

Did you know that there was a World Record set in Selinsgrove, PA, for the longest banana split? This stretched 4.5 miles, and it consisted of 33,000 bananas, as well as 150 gallons of chocolate and 2,500 gallons of ice cream.

The popularity of the banana split is often credited to Walgreens drug stores, which are operated by Charles Rudolph Walgreens. The store promoted the banana split as their premium dessert, which caused a lot of customers to try the dessert when they may have otherwise note been interested in it.

When banana splits first came onto the scene, they were sold for 10 cents. This may not seem like a lot of money. However, at the time, it was sold at twice the price of sundaes.

Health benefits of bananas

While bananas may be covered in cream and a few other bad things when enjoyed as a banana split, bananas themselves offer a number of different health benefits. This can make you feel better about eating a banana split! Bananas, for example, are an excellent source of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6, in turn, provides a number of great benefits. This helps us to maintain a healthy nervous system, remove unwanted chemicals from your kidneys and liver, metabolize amino acids, metabolize fats and carbohydrates, turning them into energy, and produce red blood cells.

The good news does not end there. There are a number of other benefits that are associated with bananas. This includes potassium, which meets around 10 percent of your potassium intake. It also contains manganese, which helps to protect your skin through the creation of collagen, as well as protecting other cells from free radical damage. Bananas are also a great source of vitamin C. Vitamin C supports brain health through the production of serotonin, which impacts our moods, sleep cycle, and experiences of pain and stress. Vitamin C helps your body produce collagen, absorb iron better, and protect your body against tissue and cell damage.

History of National Banana Split Day

The Banana Split, surprisingly, has a very definite history, and we can pinpoint its origins to one David Evans Stickler in 1904, where he was serving as an apprentice pharmacist at Tassel Pharmacy in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Like most pharmacies of the day, it had a soda fountain attached, and it was in this pharmacy that he invented the banana split, which quickly became a hit with the students at Saint Vincent College nearby. Word of mouth made it spread like wildfire, and it soon became an American institution, before going global.

In 2004 Latrobe hosted the 100th anniversary of the invention, the same year that it was certified as the birthplace of the banana split by NICRA (National Ice Cream Retailers Association). It also became the home of the Great American Banana Split Celebration, a huge event with food and events for everyone to take part in.

Of course, like with all great inventions, there is some contention about its origins (unless you ask NICRA). Wilmington, Ohio claims that it was invented there in 1907 in response to a slump in the ice cream business thanks to the winter season.

How to celebrate National Banana Split Day

Like we need to tell you how to celebrate National Banana Split Day! Grab yourself an entire bushel of bananas, split them and circle a bowl with them, and fill that puppy with ice cream! Then top with whipped cream, nuts, hot fudge, strawberry syrup, and anything else you can imagine, and sprinkle liberally with maraschino cherries.

A bit much? Alright, if you’re going to keep this deliciousness to yourself, maybe what you need is to enjoy it quietly at home. But for a special twist drizzle it with high proof alcohol and ignite it, because hot and cold are great companions.

Another fun way to celebrate National Banana Split Day is by gathering all of your loved ones and having a “banana split off.” You can all have fun creating different takes on this classic dessert. Make sure you have a range of different toppings available and allow people to go wild with their own banana split inventions. This is a great way to spend time with the people you love. After all, it is always fun to do something different, isn’t it?

Source

[colorplay]

Evans Vitamin C: The Best Vitamin C Serum Your Skin Needs Badly:

Evans Vitamin C serum has 10% pure l-Ascorbic acid that is completely absorbed by the skin. Your skin can be brightened and glow radiantly by using this serum regularly.

[beautyinformation]

Evans Vitamin C: The Best Vitamin C Serum Your Skin Needs Badly:

Evans Vitamin C serum has 10% pure l-Ascorbic acid that is completely absorbed by the skin. Your skin can be brightened and glow radiantly by using this serum regularly. The anti-ageing ingredients which are dominant in this serum have made it popular among people of all ages. It is suitable for young girls as well as for those who have crossed their fifties. You can whiten and brighten your skin at the same time endowing it with the proper nourishment that your skin demands!

Evans 10 Vitamin C- The most essentialproduct in your cosmetic box:

When you are looking for the best vitamin c serum in Singapore then you can blindly depend on Evans vitamin c which is careful about the concentration amount of vitamin c while making the product. If the concentration of vitamin c is more in a serum then it can hurt your skin. The natural ingredients of this serum suit every skin type. This product will address your skin’s requirements. It is a commanding antioxidant that helps your skin to fight against free radical harm. You can get radiant skin by regular usage and your skin will be lightened gradually. The anti-ageing properties help to make the skin firm.

Why should you use Evans 10 Vitamin C for your skin?

Vitamin c serum by Evans contains strong anti-oxidants. If you have damaged skin because of getting out in the sun everyday then you can severely benefit by using this serum as it reverses the oxidative stress in your face.

The collagen present in your skin makes it plumpy and radiant. Vitamin c is known to have produce collagen in your skin so that you can look youthful again. Vitamin c boosts the natural production of collagen inside your skin. Topical vitamin c has been proven to have a positive effect on your skin.

Age-spot is a common problem after the forties. Although Evans vitamin c cannot reduce your existing pigmentation, it can prevent more pigmentation to cover your face or visible area of skin.

The anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin c serum help to reduce the severity of acne and rosacea. This is one of the best advantages of vitamin c.

[casualmaraudering]

the marauders gang ft medical condition headcanons

for once without remus cause a lot of the times only remus has any medical conditions so i started thinking about some stuff others are dealing with, just to give rem a break from all the misfortune

cw: anaphylactic shock, almost dying via peanuts, foggy glasses, herbal teas

-Sirius-

severe peanut allergy

used to forget to carry an epipen cause he was a rather forgetful little kid - got scolded by adoptive mom so many times when she saw the epipen lying on his desk rather than in his bag or in his pocket

which is why James always carries an epipen on him too, even well into adulthood, just to be safe

the first time he had an allergic reaction he was 10 and it was at a playground cause someone gave him a candy bar that supposedly had no peanuts in it. he started feeling weird, passed out, almost died, all the fun stuff. when he woke up in the hospital after the fact and his parents or James weren't there, he was so scared that he cried

& the first - and so far only, thank god - time his friends had ever seen him have a reaction was when they were 16 (Sirius was 17) and went to a milkshake place after school. they assured him there was no peanuts in his milkshake but someone probably didn't wash the equipment or something cause yeah, they were with their shakes outside just having a jolly time and Sirius is starting to feeling weird, someone points out his eyes are looking puffy, bam. epipen, ambulance, hospital

they reacted fast and he didn't even pass out that time until much later but everyone got very spooked either way. no one really eats peanut butter much anymore

by the time he's in college he's been to the hospital cause of his allergy at least six times

"no nut november? more like no nut every month cause I'm allergic to peanuts"

-James-

near-sighted

he's always had bad eyesight but didn't even realize until he was 7 and asked Sirius how the heck can Sirius even read the whiteboard from where they're sitting and Sirius looked at him very strangely cause "dude. we're in the second desk what the hell"

yea turns out James is blind as fuck. like. very blind. -4.00 prescription at age 10 kind of blind

he can move about without his glasses, yes, but the world is a blurry mess so he'd much rather have them on at all times

holy fuck the amount of times he broke his glasses tho. he's always been a very high energy kid, plays football, generally goofs around. yea. So many broken frames and shattered lenses.

by the time he broke them for the third time (once via getting hit with a ball in the face, once via falling off a tree, and once he accidentally sat on them cause they got lost in his bedsheets) his parents started keeping a spare pair in the house

generally really hates contact lenses but puts them on for football practice or exercising

it's really surprising how often he doesn't know where his glasses are considering he needs them to see

tho most the times it's cause Sirius nicks them and puts them somewhere else

his least favourite thing in the world is being outside in the cold and then going into a warm place. or drinking a hot drink. foggy glasses. not a fan. (also not a fan of Sirius breathing on his glasses, which he very often does to annoy James)

-Lily-

insomnia

started around the age of 15, but she thought it was just a teenage thing, yknow, teens stay up til late hours, that's what they do right?

yea except a lof of the times she couldn't fall asleep even if she tried

or she'd often wake up at night, multiple times

whenever she can't sleep for several hours, she'll go for an intense run and that usually tires her enough that she can sleep

very grumpy if she's not well rested = she's very grumpy a lot of the time

can't fall asleep during the day or with the light on at all. so if she wakes up in the morning and it's already bright, there's kinda no way for her to fall back asleep

she got really close to Remus cause of it cause her insomnia and his adhd go hand in hand, often they're both awake at fuckall o'clock when no one else is

she usually gets at least a few hours of sleep per night but it's not enough and so she's tired and grumpy and generally in an awful mood

reaches peak during first year of college when she has so much to study and so she stays up studying but then can't fall asleep and yeah. not fun

James often goes running with her at night. he doesn't mind if it's 3am or whatever, he doesn't like the thought of her being alone in the middle of the night (she can handle herself, yes, but also the world is a shitty place and a woman isn't safe running at night). and he's generally not a bad workout buddy

she has the biggest stash of herbal teas ever, like oh my god. when she sees a new mix or flavour she'll buy it in hopes it'll do something. it very rarely does. so she's left with a whole box and just shoves it into the cupboard. and that's why lily evans has a cupboard of 94 different herbal teas

-Regulus-

iron deficiency & anemia

gets up too fast and oh hello, the world is spinning. that's not normal

casually leaning against the wall after he gets up cause nope he's definitely not dizzy and seeing weird blobs everywhere haha what are you talking about

he doesn't like exercise in general but when he exercises he feels like he's honestly about to die, thank you lack of red cells, very cool of you

and I mean. he kinda looks like a sick victorian kid cause he's That pale. the Blacks are generally very pale but Reg is on a different level

when he got diagnosed with it, Sirius became a dietician overnight basically. and now whenever Sirius cooks, it's always shit that's rich in iron & vitamin C cause hello, gotta take care of his little bro

Regulus generally doesn't have a huge appetite tho, which results in a lot of bickering and Sirius basically being a mom with the whole "eat at least half or I'm not letting you leave the table" thing

Euphemia brings him snacks a lot just to make the kid gets the right vitamins into him

she also forces him to sit in the garden for at least an hour every day - it won't necessarily help the iron deficiency, but hey, maybe he'll gain some colour on those ghostly cheekbones

cold hands and feet so he sleeps with socks on, because his feet are really ridiculously cold to the point it bothers him so much he can't fall asleep

Sirius and James call him a vampire for it which doesn't even make sense to him but it stuck, and his brothers are dumbasses. so now this is his life

[surveyhoursss]

127.

Bold the ones that you know of!

2000

1.Who Let The Dogs Out? -Baha Men

2. All The Small Things -Blink 182

3. Amazed -Lonestar

4. Oops, I Did It Again -Britney Spears

5. Graduation -Vitamin C

6. Bye, Bye, Bye -N*Sync

7. Independent Woman -Destiny’s Child

8. Let’s Make Love – Tim McGraw and Faith Hill

9. Zombie Nation – Kernkraft 4000

10. I Turn To You – Christina Aguilera

11. I Knew I Loved You – Savage Garden

12. It’s My Life – Bon Jovi

13. Breathe – Faith Hill

14. Shake Your Bon-Bon – Ricky Martin

15. Blue (Da Ba Dee) – Eiffel 65

16. Goobye Earl – Dixie Chicks

17. Let’s Get Married – Jagged Edge

18. The Bad Touch – Bloodhound Gang

19. The Real Slim Shady – Eminem

20. Say My Name – Destiny’s Child

21. It’s Gonna Be Me – N*Sync

22. Party Up – DMX

23. Sexual (Li Da Di) – Amber

24. Country Grammar – Nelly

25. Aaron’s Party (Come Get It) – Aaron Carter

2001

1. Hanging By A Moment -Lifehouse

2. Allin’ -Alicia Keys

3. All For You -Janet

4. If You’re Gone -Matchbox Twenty

5. I’M Real -Jennifer Lopez ft. Ja Rule

6. Drops Of Jupiter (Tell Me) -Train

7. Let Me Blow Ya Mind -Eve ft. Gwen Stefani

8. Thank You -Dido

9. Hit ‘Em Up Style (Oops!) -Blu Cantrell

10. Independent Women Part I -Destiny’s Child

11. Again -Lenny Kravitz

12. It’S Been Awhile -Staind

13. Stutter -Joe ft. Mystikal

14. It Wasn’T Me’ -Shaggy ft. Ricardo “RikRok” Ducent

15. U Remind Me -Usher

16. Where The Party At -Jagged Edge With Nelly

17. Angel -Shaggy Featuring Rayvon

18. Ride Wit Me -Nelly Featuring City Spud

19. Peaches & Cream -112

20. Follow Me -Uncle Kracker

21. Drive -Incubus

22. What Would You Do? -Alicia Keys

23. Survivor -Destiny’s Child

24. Lady Marmalade -Christina Aguilera, Lil’ Kim, Mya & Pink

25. Ms. Jackson -OutKast

2002

1. A Moment Like This – Kelly Clarkson

2. Hot In Herre – Nelly

3. Complicated – Avril Lavigne

4. Girlfriend – N Sync & Nelly

5. Sk8er Boi – Avril Lavigne

6. Can’t Fight The Moonlight – LeAnn Rimes

7. Dirrty – Christina Aguilera

8. A Thousand Miles – Vanessa Carlton

9. Heaven – DJ Sammy

10. Gimme The Light – Sean Paul

11. The World’s Greatest – R Kelly

12. Jenny From The Block – Jennifer Lopez Featuring Jadakiss & Styles

13. Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue (The Angry American) – Toby Keith

14. Goodbye To You – Michelle Branch

15. Can’t Get You Out Of My Head – Kylie Minogue

16. The Game Of Love – Santana Featuring Michelle Branch

17. Young’n (Holla Back) – Fabolous

18. She Hates Me – Puddle Of Mudd

19. Starry Eyed Surprise – Oakenfold Featuring Shifty Shellshock

20. The Middle – Jimmy Eat World

21. Say I Yi Yi – Ying Yang Twins

22. Just A Friend 2002 – Mario

23. Hey Baby – No Doubt and Bounty Killer

24. Work It – Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott

25. U Don’t Have To Call – Usher

2003

1. In Da Club -50 Cent

2. Crazy in Love -Beyonce w. Jay-Z

3. Get Busy -Sean Paul

4. When I’m Gone -Three Doors Down

5. Ignition -R Kelly

6. Baby Boy -Beyonce w. Sean Paul

7. This is the Night -Clay Aiken

8. Bring Me To Life -Evanescence

9. Right Thurr -Chingy

10. Unwell -Matchbox Twenty

11. Picture -Kid Rock w. Sheryl Crow

12. Drift Away -Uncle Kracker & Dobie Gray

13. Get Low -Lil’ John & The East Side Boyz

14. Beautiful -Christina Aguilera

15. I’m With You -Avril Lavigne

16. Miss You -Aalyiah

17. 21 Questions -50 Cent & Nate Dogg

18. Shake Ya Tailfeather Nelly -P. Diddy and Murphy Lee

19. All I Have -Jennifer Lopez & LL Cool J

20. I Know What You Want -Busta Rhymes & Mariah Carey

21. Magic Stick -Lil’ Kim w. 50 Cent

22. Bump Bump Bump -B2K and P. Diddy

23. Flying Without Wings -Ruben Studdard

24. Here Without You -3 Doors Down

25. Work It -Missy Elliot

2004 (my birth year !! )

1. Yeah! -Usher

2. Burn -Usher

3. This Love -Maroon 5

4. The Way You Move -Outkast

5. If I Ain’t Got You -Alecia Keys

6. Hey Ya! -Outkast

7. I Don’t Wanna Know -Mario Winans

8. The Reason -Hoobastank

9. Confessions Part II -Usher

10. My Immortal -Evanescence

11. Naughty Girl -Beyonce

12. Let’s Get It Started -Black Eyed Peas

13. My Boo -Usher and Alecia Keys

14. She Will Be Loved -Maroon 5

15. The First Cut Is the Deepest -Sheryl Crow

16. Toxic -Britney Spears

17. Someday -Nickelback

18. I Believe -Fantasia

19. Breakaway -Kelly Clarkson

20. Slow Jamz -Twista

21. Dirt Off Your Shoulder -Jay-Z

22. Freak-A-Leek -Petey Pablo

23. The Way -Clay Aiken

24. Numb -Linkin’ Park

25. Dip It Low -Christina Milian

2005

1. We Belong Together -Mariah Carey

2. Let Me Love You -Mario

3. Since U Been Gone -Kelly Clarkson

4. Hollaback Girl -Gwen Stefani

5. Boulevard of Broken Dreams -Greenday

6. Don’t Cha -The Pussycat Dolls and Busta Rhymes

7. Candy Shop -50 Cent

8. 1, 2, Step -Ciara and Missy Elliot

9. Gold Digger -Kanye West

10. Don’t Phunk With My Heart -The Black Eyed Peas

11. Drop It Like It’s Hot -Snoop Dogg

12. Shake It Off -Mariah Carey

13. Disco Inferno -50 Cent

14. Behind These Hazel Eyes -Kelly Clarkson

15. Beverly Hills -Weezer

16. Just a Lil Bit -50 Cent

17. Lose Control -Missy Elliot

18. How We Do -The Game & 50 Cent

19. You & Me -Lifehouse

20. Soldier -Destiny’s Child

21. Rich Girl -Gwen Stefani

22. Mr. Brightside -The Killers

23. Oh -Ciara and Ludacris

24. Pon De Replay -Rihanna

25. Hate It Or Love It -The Game and 50 Cent

2006

1. Sexyback – Justin Timberlake

2. Hips Don’t Lie – Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean

3. Promiscuous – Nelly Furtado featuring Timbaland

4. Everytime We Touch – Cascada

5. Temperature – Sean Paul

6. S.O.S. – Rihanna

7. Beep – Pussy Cat Dolls

8. Waiting On The World To Change – John Mayer

9. Pump It – Black Eyed Peas

10. You’re Beautiful – James Blunt

11. Maneater – Nelly Furtado

12. Single – Natasha Bedingfield

13. What Hurts the Most – Rascall Flatts

14. Lean Wit It, Rock Wit It – Dem Franchise Boys

15. Walk Away – Kelly Clarkson

16. It’s Goin’ Down – Young Joc

17. Dance, Dance -Fall Out Boy

18. Smack That – Akon & Eminem

19. I Write Songs, Not Tragedies – Panic! At the Disco

20. We’re All In This Together – High School Musical Cast

21. Ms. New Booty – Bubba Sparx

22. How To Save A Life – The Fray

23. Rompe – Daddy Yankee

24. Check On It – Beyonce Featuring Slim Thugg

25. Chasing Cars – Snow Patrol

2007

1. The Sweet Escape -Gwen Stefani & Akon

2. Girlfriend -Avril Lavigne

3. Irreplaceable -Beyonce

4. Before He Cheats -Carrie Underwood

5. Crank Dat -Soulja Boy

6. Rehab -Amy Winehouse

7. Umbrella -Rhianna

8. Hey There Delilah -Plain White T’s

9. Glamorous -Fergie

10. I Wanna Luv U -Akon

11. Bubbly -Colbie Caillat

12. Walk It Out -Unk

13. Don’t Matter -Akon

14. Fergalicious -Fergie

15. Lip Gloss -Lil Mama

16. Candyman -Christina Aguilera

17. Break It Off -Rhianna

18. S.O.S. -Jonas Brothers

19. Stronger -Kanye West

20. Thks Fr Th Mmrs -Fall Out Boy

21. Pop, Lock and Drop It -Huey

22. Shut Up and Drive -Rhianna

23. Because of You -Ne-Yo

24. Home -Daughtry

25. Tattoo -Jordan Sparks

2008

1. So What – Pink

2. Just Dance – Lady Gaga

3. Leavin’ – Jesse McCartney

4. I’m Yours – Jason Mraz

5. Gives You Hell – All-American Rejects

6. Damaged – Danity Kane

7. Shake It – Metro Station

8. Love Story – Taylor Swift

9. When I Grow Up – Pussycat Dolls

10. I Kissed A Girl – Katy Perry

11. Don’t Stop The Music – Rihanna

12. Burnin’ Up – Jonas Brothers

13. Low – Flo Rida featuring T-Pain

14. Calabria – Enur featuring Natasja

15. Love Like This – Natasha Bedingfield and Sean Kingston

16. 7 Things – Miley Cyrus

17. Lollipop – Lil Wayne

18. Pocketful of Sunshine – Natasha Bedingfield

19. Circus – Britney Spears

20. Summertime – New Kids On The Block

21. Our Song- Taylor Swift

22. All Summer Long – Kid Rock

23. Closer – Ne-Yo

24. Viva La Vida – Coldplay

25. See You Again – Miley Cyrus

2009

1. Boom Boom Pow – Black Eyed Peas

2. I Gotta Feeling – Black Eyed Peas

3. I Know You Want Me (Calle Oche) – Pitbull

4. You Belong With Me – Taylor Swift

5. Lovegame – Lady Gaga

6. Don’t Trust Me – 3OH3!

7. Please Don’t Leave Me – Pink

8. Right Round – Flo-Rida

9. Poker Face – Lady Gaga

10. Goodbye – Kristinia Debarge

11. Say Hey – Evan Taubenfeld Michael Franti & Spearhead

12. New Divide – Linkin Park

13. The Climb – Miley Cyrus

14. Best I Ever had – Drake

15. Good Girls Go Bad – Cobra Starship Featuring Leighton Meester

16. Lucky – Jason Mraz and Colbie Caillet

17. Waking Up In Vegas – Katy Perry

18. Paranoid – Jonas Brothers

19. Wanted – Jessie James

20. Fire Burning – Sean Kingston

21. Not Meant To Be – Theory of a Deadman

22. Love, Sex and Magic – Ciara & Justin Timberlake

23. Use Somebody – Kings of Leon

24. Day N Nite – Kid Cuti

25. Hoedown Throwdown – Miley Cyrus (they let us learn the dance at res)

[poweroption24]

Various Sorts Of Sarms Clarified Complete List & What They Do

Recognizing Just How Peptides Self

Content

What Are The Adverse Effects Of Sarms?

Bicyclic Peptides: Kinds, Synthesis As Well As Applications.

Vitamin C And Also Its Benefits For The Skin.

The Most Preferred Sarms.

Although the majority of users are bodybuilders as well as gym-goers, some endurance customers on Eroids.com even discuss complicated approaches of avoiding a favorable examination. Countless forums also give a system for sophisticated discussion of PED usage. One, Eroids.com, places potential consumers together with distributors as well as using info on does as well as packing cycles. Clenbuterol, alternatively, is a bronchodilator, which raises the efficiency of the lungs themselves.

Data will be maintained for 21 days from the date of collection (nonetheless when it comes to bookings and Wi-Fi where we have other relevant retention plans this will be encompassed the usual time scale). We might utilize your details to make a notified choice on products or services we assume you might want.

What Are The Negative Effects Of Sarms?

The fad of their growth has actually been noticeable for several years. Popular brands validate it with boosted need for these prep work and the greater rates of raw materials and also job.

Ultimately, seek previous individuals and also examine their experiences with a certain vendor and items. The best method to get something is when you can check the product instantly. When it involves SARMs, one requires to understand what to inspect, such as seals or how the print on the label was done. They ought to be well educated regarding products, brand names, as well as whatever else that interests them before purchasing.

Bicyclic Peptides: Kinds, Synthesis And Also Applications.

Think of the prize money for the event is simply ₤ 40, and also there's an unique reward for veteran bikers that defeat their forecasted handicap. Problems such as rest disorders, complication, depression as well as fear might also be experienced.

' To begin with there was cortisone, testosterone, human growth hormone, clenbuterol, EPO and also supposed super-EPOs like RNF,' Readus states of the period when he was competing. ' A lot of it was interest,' said 18-year-old Gabriel Evans in a declaration after his ban.

Sport company, owner plead guilty to illegal distribution - Carolinacoastonline

Sport company, owner plead guilty to illegal distribution.

Posted: Fri, 27 Nov 2020 08:00:00 GMT [source]

Having worked with Drop-shippers for several years we established the procedures needed to offer the very best services and also chances to link the B2B market. Having worked our means up from the grassroots level we comprehend exactly how it feels to be at all the various phases and the difficulties encountered. We at Dropship wholesalers worth our customers and also hope to use a match-making solution that will be equally beneficial to all. This home was constructed in 1991 and also last offered on 4/10/2017 for $151,000. Paper shredder motor 5435-- dongchang motor products made in china, china producer. A wide array of 5435 electric motor alternatives are available to you, such as phase, certification, and type Makes use of-- treats as well as alleviates the signs of sinus problems, hay high temperature, allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis, hgh.

BUT The listing of negative effects is long, however includes psychological problems such as anxiousness and anxiety, as well as intestinal health problems like colitis. The cyclists' much-loved, erythropoietin has created virtually 3 times as many bans as the next most preferred PED. Lance Armstrong called EPO "the 10%- er" and a drug that you merely had to take. It's clear that lots of dopers have developed an innovative clinical understanding of PEDs, and speak freely about it.

Vitamin C And Its Benefits For The Skin.

This is advertising and marketing and we will constantly request for your consent prior to we do this where we intend to send you materials using email or message. We will certainly likewise constantly ask your consent before we pass your information to any kind of external third parties to ensure that they can market to you as well.

Insulin-like growth aspects (IGF-1) utilized for muscle mass development and the growth of cartilage material and also bone. visit website which appear to act upon anabolic receptors that create cells development.

The Most Prominent Sarms.

There are lots of reasons that you must use just authentic SARMs items. Very frequently, the list of ingredients found in these imitations is false. BUT Impotence and also cardio damages ought to be enough to put most individuals off, however if you're still attracted, Google the lots of other side effects.

Is SARMs considered natural?

Short for selective androgen receptor modulators, SARMs are synthetic drugs designed to have effects similar to those of testosterone. SARMs are still in the research and testing stages for various medical conditions but have not been approved yet for any other use.

Yet, as good as on the internet purchasing is, a lot of frauds happen on the Internet. If you do not want to be scammed, make certain that on the internet sale is lawful in your nation.

Find As Well As Purchase Sarms In Canada.

Stacked-- Swole-GH incorporates MK-677 with LGD-4033 to give you the weaponry required to get some major dimension. Plus, you save cash and time needing to purchase them individually. TWP Swole-GH combines two of one of the most powerful SARMs offered from TWP to produce a stack which will transform your outcomes. Our Drop-shipping and wholesale services have been established considering that 2006. During this moment we have actually grown, grown as well as developed into a more powerful, better as well as quicker company. Supplying a special system for Dropshippers and also wholesalers, we have actually always had excellent partnerships with our clients.

Unlike prohormones and also steroids, which body builders have generally used, SARMs don't aromatize.

While access pharmagrade Buy Peptides here! did not show valuable for cancer therapies, Dalton noticed its influence on muscular tissue growth.

The elevated estrogen that comes after the increase in testosterone from steroids is what triggers their unsafe adverse effects.

He manufactured ostarine as a much more refined variation of andarine, and it underwent several human tests.

The males were also taken a look at during workout, and after 12 weeks experienced a 15% enhancement in their efficiency with stair climbing.

In one 12-week study on older guys, ostarine bring about an increase in lean muscular tissue mass and also a decrease in fat mass.

Sperm output and high quality is reduced as well as can take 6 months to return to normal. Some guys have also skilled over-development of their breast cells. In practice optimum sentences are rarely provided and also the cops will only arrest for steroid ownership if they can show the drugs are not suggested by a physician. For more details please see the sentencing page on the Launch website.

Dr. Chia Tan is a UK skilled clinical physician that is experts in cosmetic and aesthetic medicine as well as testosterone substitute therapy. He is certified as a clinical physician since 2003 and also has actually considering that educated extensively. He has actually been included in a number of leading magazines in addition to invited to appear on TV to talk about aesthetic medicine as well as the latest cosmetic treatments.

Do SARMs affect sperm count?

using a SARM, S-23, combined with estradiol benzoate, demonstrated a completely reversible effect on the suppression of spermatogenesis and serum LH and FSH levels. During the experiment, four of six rats demonstrated a complete absence of testicular sperm with no pregnancies observed in mating trials.

Efficiency as well as picture enhancing medications are taken by individuals that wish to enhance their physical look and/or enhance their stamina and also sporting efficiency. Positioned in Central London where time is scarce & customers value flexibility & performance. Harley Road Medical Physicians was established with the single goal to help individuals improve their wellness, health & self-confidence.

We will only hang on to your individual information for as lengthy as we require it to satisfy the functions we gathered it for. This includes considering the quantity, nature as well as level of sensitivity of the information and the risk of any kind of prospective damage mishandling of this data may cause. We likewise think about if and also when we can achieve the purposes we accumulated it for or if we can finish this without the personal information. We also take into consideration lawful, tax as well as coverage demands that enforce limitations on for how long we hold the data for. It may be kept for a longer amount of time if we reasonably anticipate there will certainly be an aspect of lawsuit within our connection with you. This is to aid highlight where regional cases of exposure may have happened, so that both consumers as well as team can be effectively advised of additional activity to take, to ideal safeguard their health.

Sports nutrition competitor lawsuit over SARMs - Natural Products INSIDER

Sports nutrition competitor lawsuit over SARMs.

Posted: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 07:00:00 GMT [source]

He was 17 when he was uncovered with a vial of EPO by a teammate's father-- and also he was younger national champion. pharma grade had not been just because he had competed in events with dopers, yet due to the fact that winning time trials is no way to obtain rich. Imagine you've signed on at the regional city center as well as turned over your ₤ 5 deposit for a number to stick on your back. Think of that it's a time test, meaning it gets on open roads against the clock, to make sure that every person gets an outcome and also all ages as well as capacities can get involved.

This personal privacy plan supplements other notifications and personal privacy plans as well as is not meant to override them. It must be read together with other personal privacy plans that we may supply on certain occasions when we are accumulating or processing personal data about you to ensure that you are totally knowledgeable about how and also why we are utilizing your data. You might also know us as Marston's Beer Firm, Marston's Inns & Taverns, Revere Club Company or among our various other trading divisions or team firms periodically. Where we describe "we" or "us" in this plan, we suggest Marston's PLC or any type of company or department in our team. We're working with the issue and anticipate to solve it shortly. Please note that if you were trying to position an order, it will certainly not have actually been processed at this time. A few of these websites supply prohibited products alongside lawful weight-loss medications, making it extremely hard to discriminate.

[ieatsurveys]

Popular Songs of the Early 2000s [xspinningisfun – keep tag on <3]

Bold the ones that you know of!

2000 1.Who Let The Dogs Out? -Baha Men 2. All The Small Things -Blink 182 3. Amazed -Lonestar 4. Oops, I Did It Again -Britney Spears 5. Graduation -Vitamin C 6. Bye, Bye, Bye -N*Sync 7. Independent Woman -Destiny’s Child 8. Let’s Make Love – Tim McGraw and Faith Hill 9. Zombie Nation – Kernkraft 4000 10. I Turn To You – Christina Aguilera 11. I Knew I Loved You – Savage Garden 12. It’s My Life – Bon Jovi 13. Breathe – Faith Hill 14. Shake Your Bon-Bon – Ricky Martin 15. Blue (Da Ba Dee) – Eiffel 65 16. Goobye Earl – Dixie Chicks 17. Let’s Get Married – Jagged Edge 18. The Bad Touch – Bloodhound Gang 19. The Real Slim Shady – Eminem 20. Say My Name – Destiny’s Child 21. It’s Gonna Be Me – N*Sync 22. Party Up – DMX 23. Sexual (Li Da Di) – Amber 24. Country Grammar – Nelly 25. Aaron’s Party (Come Get It) – Aaron Carter

2001 1. Hanging By A Moment -Lifehouse 2. Allin’ -Alicia Keys 3. All For You -Janet 4. If You’re Gone -Matchbox Twenty 5. I’M Real -Jennifer Lopez ft. Ja Rule 6. Drops Of Jupiter (Tell Me) -Train 7. Let Me Blow Ya Mind  -Eve ft. Gwen Stefani 8. Thank You  -Dido 9. Hit ‘Em Up Style (Oops!)  -Blu Cantrell 10. Independent Women Part I -Destiny’s Child 11. Again  -Lenny Kravitz 12. It’S Been Awhile  -Staind 13. Stutter  -Joe ft. Mystikal 14. It Wasn’T Me’  -Shaggy ft. Ricardo “RikRok” Ducent 15. U Remind Me  -Usher 16. Where The Party At  -Jagged Edge With Nelly 17. Angel  -Shaggy Featuring Rayvon 18. Ride Wit Me  -Nelly Featuring City Spud 19. Peaches & Cream  -112 20. Follow Me  -Uncle Kracker 21. Drive  -Incubus 22. What Would You Do?  -Alicia Keys 23. Survivor  -Destiny’s Child 24. Lady Marmalade  -Christina Aguilera, Lil’ Kim, Mya & Pink 25. Ms. Jackson  -OutKast

2002 1. A Moment Like This – Kelly Clarkson 2. Hot In Herre – Nelly 3. Complicated – Avril Lavigne 4. Girlfriend – N Sync & Nelly 5. Sk8er Boi – Avril Lavigne 6. Can’t Fight The Moonlight – LeAnn Rimes 7. Dirrty – Christina Aguilera 8. A Thousand Miles – Vanessa Carlton 9. Heaven – DJ Sammy 10. Gimme The Light – Sean Paul 11. The World’s Greatest – R Kelly 12. Jenny From The Block – Jennifer Lopez Featuring Jadakiss & Styles 13. Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue (The Angry American) – Toby Keith 14. Goodbye To You – Michelle Branch 15. Can’t Get You Out Of My Head – Kylie Minogue 16. The Game Of Love – Santana Featuring Michelle Branch 17. Young’n (Holla Back) – Fabolous 18. She Hates Me – Puddle Of Mudd 19. Starry Eyed Surprise – Oakenfold Featuring Shifty Shellshock 20. The Middle – Jimmy Eat World 21. Say I Yi Yi – Ying Yang Twins 22. Just A Friend 2002 – Mario 23. Hey Baby – No Doubt and Bounty Killer 24. Work It – Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott 25. U Don’t Have To Call – Usher

2003 1. In Da Club -50 Cent 2. Crazy in Love -Beyonce w. Jay-Z 3. Get Busy -Sean Paul 4. When I’m Gone -Three Doors Down 5. Ignition -R Kelly 6. Baby Boy -Beyonce w. Sean Paul 7. This is the Night -Clay Aiken 8. Bring Me To Life -Evanescence 9. Right Thurr -Chingy 10. Unwell -Matchbox Twenty 11. Picture -Kid Rock w. Sheryl Crow 12. Drift Away -Uncle Kracker & Dobie Gray 13. Get Low -Lil’ John & The East Side Boyz 14. Beautiful -Christina Aguilera 15. I’m With You -Avril Lavigne 16. Miss You -Aalyiah 17. 21 Questions -50 Cent & Nate Dogg 18. Shake Ya Tailfeather Nelly -P. Diddy and Murphy Lee 19. All I Have -Jennifer Lopez & LL Cool J 20. I Know What You Want -Busta Rhymes & Mariah Carey 21. Magic Stick -Lil’ Kim w. 50 Cent 22. Bump Bump Bump -B2K and P. Diddy 23. Flying Without Wings -Ruben Studdard 24. Here Without You -3 Doors Down 25. Work It -Missy Elliot

2004 1. Yeah! -Usher 2. Burn -Usher 3. This Love -Maroon 5 4. The Way You Move -Outkast 5. If I Ain’t Got You -Alecia Keys 6. Hey Ya! -Outkast 7. I Don’t Wanna Know -Mario Winans 8. The Reason -Hoobastank 9. Confessions Part II -Usher 10. My Immortal -Evanescence 11. Naughty Girl -Beyonce 12. Let’s Get It Started -Black Eyed Peas 13. My Boo -Usher and Alecia Keys 14. She Will Be Loved -Maroon 5 15. The First Cut Is the Deepest -Sheryl Crow 16. Toxic -Britney Spears 17. Someday -Nickelback 18. I Believe -Fantasia 19. Breakaway -Kelly Clarkson 20. Slow Jamz -Twista 21. Dirt Off Your Shoulder -Jay-Z 22. Freak-A-Leek -Petey Pablo 23. The Way -Clay Aiken 24. Numb -Linkin’ Park 25. Dip It Low -Christina Milian

2005 1. We Belong Together -Mariah Carey 2. Let Me Love You -Mario 3. Since U Been Gone -Kelly Clarkson 4. Hollaback Girl -Gwen Stefani 5. Boulevard of Broken Dreams -Greenday 6. Don’t Cha -The Pussycat Dolls and Busta Rhymes 7. Candy Shop -50 Cent 8. 1, 2, Step -Ciara and Missy Elliot 9. Gold Digger -Kanye West 10. Don’t Phunk With My Heart -The Black Eyed Peas 11. Drop It Like It’s Hot -Snoop Dogg 12. Shake It Off -Mariah Carey 13. Disco Inferno -50 Cent 14. Behind These Hazel Eyes -Kelly Clarkson 15. Beverly Hills -Weezer 16. Just a Lil Bit -50 Cent 17. Lose Control -Missy Elliot 18. How We Do -The Game & 50 Cent 19. You & Me -Lifehouse 20. Soldier -Destiny’s Child 21. Rich Girl -Gwen Stefani 22. Mr. Brightside -The Killers 23. Oh -Ciara and Ludacris 24. Pon De Replay -Rihanna 25. Hate It Or Love It -The Game and 50 Cent

2006 1. Sexyback – Justin Timberlake 2. Hips Don’t Lie – Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean 3. Promiscuous – Nelly Furtado featuring Timbaland 4. Everytime We Touch – Cascada 5. Temperature – Sean Paul 6. S.O.S. – Rihanna 7. Beep – Pussy Cat Dolls 8. Waiting On The World To Change – John Mayer 9. Pump It – Black Eyed Peas 10. You’re Beautiful – James Blunt 11. Maneater – Nelly Furtado 12. Single – Natasha Bedingfield 13. What Hurts the Most – Rascall Flatts 14. Lean Wit It, Rock Wit It – Dem Franchise Boys 15. Walk Away – Kelly Clarkson 16. It’s Goin’ Down – Young Joc 17. Dance, Dance -Fall Out Boy 18. Smack That – Akon & Eminem 19. I Write Songs, Not Tragedies – Panic! At the Disco 20. We’re All In This Together – High School Musical Cast 21. Ms. New Booty – Bubba Sparx 22. How To Save A Life – The Fray 23. Rompe – Daddy Yankee 24. Check On It – Beyonce Featuring Slim Thugg 25. Chasing Cars – Snow Patrol

2007 1. The Sweet Escape -Gwen Stefani & Akon 2. Girlfriend -Avril Lavigne 3. Irreplaceable -Beyonce 4. Before He Cheats -Carrie Underwood 5. Crank Dat -Soulja Boy 6. Rehab -Amy Winehouse 7. Umbrella -Rhianna 8. Hey There Delilah -Plain White T’s 9. Glamorous -Fergie 10. I Wanna Luv U -Akon 11. Bubbly -Colbie Caillat 12. Walk It Out -Unk 13. Don’t Matter -Akon 14. Fergalicious -Fergie 15. Lip Gloss -Lil Mama 16. Candyman -Christina Aguilera 17. Break It Off -Rhianna 18. S.O.S. -Jonas Brothers 19. Stronger -Kanye West 20. Thks Fr Th Mmrs -Fall Out Boy 21. Pop, Lock and Drop It -Huey 22. Shut Up and Drive -Rhianna 23. Because of You -Ne-Yo 24. Home -Daughtry 25. Tattoo -Jordan Sparks

2008 1. So What – Pink 2. Just Dance – Lady Gaga 3. Leavin’ – Jesse McCartney 4. I’m Yours – Jason Mraz 5. Gives You Hell – All-American Rejects 6. Damaged – Danity Kane 7. Shake It – Metro Station 8. Love Story – Taylor Swift 9. When I Grow Up – Pussycat Dolls 10. I Kissed A Girl – Katy Perry 11. Don’t Stop The Music – Rihanna 12. Burnin’ Up – Jonas Brothers 13. Low – Flo Rida featuring T-Pain 14. Calabria – Enur featuring Natasja 15. Love Like This – Natasha Bedingfield and Sean Kingston 16. 7 Things – Miley Cyrus 17. Lollipop – Lil Wayne 18. Pocketful of Sunshine – Natasha Bedingfield 19. Circus – Britney Spears 20. Summertime – New Kids On The Block 21. Our Song- Taylor Swift 22. All Summer Long – Kid Rock 23. Closer – Ne-Yo 24. Viva La Vida – Coldplay 25. See You Again – Miley Cyrus

2009 1. Boom Boom Pow – Black Eyed Peas 2. I Gotta Feeling – Black Eyed Peas 3. I Know You Want Me (Calle Oche) – Pitbull 4. You Belong With Me – Taylor Swift 5. Lovegame – Lady Gaga 6. Don’t Trust Me – 3OH3! 7. Please Don’t Leave Me – Pink 8. Right Round – Flo-Rida 9. Poker Face – Lady Gaga 10. Goodbye – Kristinia Debarge 11. Say Hey – Evan Taubenfeld Michael Franti & Spearhead 12. New Divide – Linkin Park 13. The Climb – Miley Cyrus 14. Best I Ever had – Drake 15. Good Girls Go Bad – Cobra Starship Featuring Leighton Meester 16. Lucky – Jason Mraz and Colbie Caillet 17. Waking Up In Vegas – Katy Perry 18. Paranoid – Jonas Brothers 19. Wanted – Jessie James 20. Fire Burning – Sean Kingston 21. Not Meant To Be – Theory of a Deadman 22. Love, Sex and Magic – Ciara & Justin Timberlake 23. Use Somebody – Kings of Leon 24. Day N Nite – Kid Cuti 25. Hoedown Throwdown – Miley Cyrus

[knitmoregirls]

Planning To Get Messy - Episode 554 - The Knitmore Girls

This week's episode is sponsored by:

            No matter what you need, the barmaids have you covered from head to toe. Face pudding to keep you smiling, Lolo lips keep them kissable, probiotic deodorant for keeping you fresh as a rose, oh for feet’s sake to keep your feet soft and sandal ready, and the Lolo body bar for everything in between. You can find all this - and more! at bar-maids.com

  Dragonfly Fibers creates hand-dyed, artisan yarns and fibers in vivid and sophisticated colorways. We can be found in select local yarn shops and at fiber festivals around the country.

Our last two shows as owners of Dragonfly Fibers are this month. Come see us at New York Sheep and Wool in Rhinebeck, New York and SAFF in Fletcher, North Carolina.

All of our products are available on our website, www.dragonflyfibers.com. Come see why we say that Dragonfly Fibers are the colors of happiness.

            Carry your creativity with Erin Lane Bags! Whether you show your fiber fandom with the woolly wonder Sheepleverse, or dive into history with the Curiosities collection, our project bags, totes, and hook and needle organizers are at the ready to keep your hobby happy.

    We all have it, we all snicker about it.

Fun Fur.

Whether it’s eyelash, boucle, or just generally furry, it’s hard to find projects for novelty yarn.

With a sweet face, spiraling horns, and delightfully rotund body, Friendsheep by Cate Carter-Evans lets you transform your novelty and textured yarns into sweet, fleecy little friends. Pattern available on Ravelry; more info at infinitetwist.com

  Books plus knitting plus happy memories. That’s Little Skein in the Big Wool. We make kits, yarn and project bags that bring your favorite stories to life. Find *your* favorite story at littleskein.com

      On the Needles:(0:37)

Jasmin started AND finished the Namu Cowl by Knitboop out of Lisa Souza Cashmere in

“squashblossom” (#MyRhineBIPOCSweater Join the Ravelry Group! , #BIPOCMAL2019). Jasmin

mentions the  #BIPOCMAL2019, which started in September and ends in November.

She loves Knitcompanion

There is a dopamine response that we get from checking off a completed task; I couldn't find a technical term for the specific instance.

Gigi made more hexagons for the Polygon blanket.

  Jasmin is nearly finished with her Polwarth pullover.

And the Cottongrass pullover is done.

Gigi  worked on the  Regia Pairfect .

  We will be collecting hats (locally) for refugees in New England:

  Maine Access Immigrant Network

237 Oxford St., Suite 25A

Portland, ME 04101

  Gigi knitted an Armley beanie by Woolly Wormhead out of pink yarn.  It has been blocked, still needs

end weaving 

SPOILER: Woolly Wormhead has a new book coming out!

  Jasmin cast on the Gatsby shawl by Dawn Henderson out of Ocean by the Sea’s Quill in “Peach Fizz”

and worked on it during “A Gentleman’s Guide to Love and Murder”

  Events: (19:11)

- #ChooseYourOwnAdventureKAL is ongoing. 

-#MyRhineBIPOCSweater

- #WHINEBECKBINGO

- #BIPOCMAL2019 Sep-Nov

- PIQF October 17-20

- True North Hearts and Hands donations:

https://subcultureyarn.com/craftivism-hearts-hands-baby-layette-bag-donation/ 

-Half marathon for the knitting group to work on baby layette

-We will take a break from podcasting from January until March.

If you have suggestions for what to bring for the Podcast Tune-Up, let us know!

  In Stitches (24:04)

Jasmin wore her Dissent Cardigan, and stripey Canon Hand Dyes cowl, the BostonJen Greyhaven hat.

Gigi is wearing her A-line skirt from the beginning clothing construction class

Nightshirts with modesty panel. Night cap

  Mother Knows Best:(24:47)

2663 - taking photos

Knitting Butterflies & Tightly Spun 

Photographing your Knits , 

Franklin Habit's Class

Stephen West

  When Knitting Attacks: (40:10)

Vitamin D cardigan: Discovered that it suffered a serious snag. Need to repair it.

  And Sew On:(41:34)

In Gigi’s sewing class at Cañada College, she got the muslin for her skirt fitted; next step is the waistband.  

Also, got started on the bodice 

  Couture Embellishments class at West Valley College continues. 

Gigi turned in smocking and cartridge pleating samples.  

Working on beading and sequin Techniques 

The midterm project is supposed to be Embellishment and rejuvenation of something out of the closet;

the final is supposed to be sewn from scratch 

We are supposed to hand in a project plan, a description of what we are planning, I think that time and

cost estimates are supposed to be included. 

Check out this episode!

[beatdisc]

RSD 2019 LIST

Record Store Day, our favourite day! Because we love celebrating with all our beloved regular customers and new friends. This year we're planning to make it the biggest and best day ever! Here's what's happening this year. > HUGE RANGE OF RSD EXCLUSIVE RELEASES (list below) < > LIMITED EDITION BEATDISC COFFEE MUG! < > 500+ OF PRE-OWNED LPs HITTING THE RACKS < > THOUSANDS OF 45s & CDs FROM THE ARCHIVE ** < > 20% OFF AUDIO-TECHNICA TURNTABLES (2019 RANGE) ** < > TWO A-T LP60 TURNTABLES TO WIN < > MARK-DOWNS** GIVEAWAYS, PIZZA, PARTY! < > COFFEE VAN FROM 6AM (see below) < ** = SAT & SUN 

OUR LIST OF RSD EXCLUSIVE TITLES

This year we have 192 TITLES! A few things to note for the morning rush. If you're here first thing please join the line and we'll serve everyone in order. One copy per RSD title per person & no holds. AUS LIST TITLES Bob Evans - Suburban Songbook [LP] Broderick Smith – Suitcase [LP] Jebediah - Of Someday Shambles [2LP] Johnny Diesel & The Injectors - Johnny Diesel & The Injectors [2LP] The Amity Affliction – Youngbloods [LP] The Birthday Party - Mutiny/Bad Seed [2LP] The Hard Ons - Harder & Harder [7”] The Loved Ones - Magic Box [LP] The Mint Chicks - Screens [LP] The Reels - The Reels [LP] US LIST TITLES Ace Frehley - Spaceman [LP] Adrenalin O.D. - Let's BBQ [LP] Alien Weaponry - Tu [LP+7''] Anderson .Paak - Bubblin' [7''] Angelo Badalamenti, David Lynch - Twin Peaks: Season Two Music And More [2LP] Aretha Franklin - The Atlantic Singles 1967 [5x7'' Boxset] AxCx (Anal C**t) - Picnic Of Love [LP] B-52's, The - Mesopotamia [LP] Bad Religion - My Sanity [7''] Basement - Be Here Now [7''] Benjamin Gibbard - Me And Magdalena / The Concept [7''] Bill Hicks - Revelations: Variations [2LP] Billy Joel - Live At Carnegie Hall 1977 [2LP] Bingo Hand Job (R.E.M. w/ Bragg, Hitchcock & Holsapple) - Live At The Borderline 1991 [2LP] Bone Thugs-N-Harmony - E. 1999 Eternal [2LP] Broken Social Scene - Let's Try The After Vol. 1 & 2 [LP] Buari - Buari [LP] Buffalo Tom - Buffalo Tom (30th Anniversary) [LP] Canned Heat - Remember Woodstock [LP] Captain Beefheart and His Magic Band - Trout Mask Replica [2LP] Charlatans, The - Us And Us Only [LP] Chris Robinson Brotherhood - Dice Game And Let It Fall [10'' Chuck Mosley - Joe Haze Session #2 [7''] Courtney Barnett - Everybody Here Hates You [12''] Craig Mack & The Notorious B.I.G. - B.I.G. Mack (Original Sampler) [LP+Cassette] Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young - 4 Way Street (Expanded Edition) [3LP] Culture - The Nighthawk Recordings [LP] Curren$y, Freddie Gibbs and The Alchemist - Fetti [LP] Czarface - Double Dose Of Danger [LP] David Bowie - Pin Ups (2015 Remastered Version) [LP] David Bowie - The World Of David Bowie (Compilation) [LP] David Bowie / Marlene Dietrich - Revolutionary Song / Just A Gigolo [7''] Death Grips - Steroids (Crouching Tiger Hidden Gabber Megamix) [LP] Def Leppard - The Story So Far, Vol. 2 / B Sides [2LP] Desmond Dekker & The Aces - Pretty Africa [LP] Devo - This Is The DEVO Box [6LP] Doors, The - London Fog [10''] Dr. Dog - Live 2 [LP] Dr. Dre - Nuthin' But A ''G'' Thang [12''] Duran Duran - As The Lights Go Down (Live) [2LP] Ed O.G. & Da Bulldogs - Life Of A Kid In The Ghetto [LP] Elton John - Live From Moscow [2LP] Elvis Costello & The Imposters - Purse EP [LP] Elvis Presley - Live At The International Hotel, Las Vegas, NV August 23, 1969 [2LP] Eric Clapton - One More Car One More Rider [3LP] Fatlip - The Loneliest Punk [LP] Flaming Lips, The - King's Mouth: Music And Songs [LP] Fleetwood Mac - The Alternate Fleetwood Mac [LP] Frank Black - Frank Black [LP] Frank Black - Teenager Of The Year [2LP] Frank Zappa - The Guitar World According To Frank Zappa [LP] Golden Earring - Moontan [LP] Gorillaz - The Fall [LP] Grateful Dead - The Warfield, San Francisco, CA 10/9/80 [2LP] Green Day - Woodstock 1994 Live [LP] Green Jelly - Cereal Killer Soundtrack [LP] Green River - Live At The Tropicana 1984 [LP] Greta Van Fleet - From The Fires [LP] Hawkwind - The 1999 Party: Live At The Chicago Auditorium 21st March, 1974 [2LP] High On Fire - Bat Salad [LP] Hockey Dad - Dreamin' [LP] Idles - Meat / Meta [EP] Iggy Pop - Hippodrome - Paris 77 [2LP] Iggy Pop - The Villagers b/w Pain & Suffering [7''] Insurgence DC - Broken In The Theater Of The Absurd [LP] James Brown - Sho Is Funky Down Here [LP] Janis Joplin - Woodstock Sunday August 17, 1969 [2LP] Jeff Buckley - In Transition [LP] Jeff Tweedy - WARMER [LP] Jethro Tull - North Sea Oil [10''] Joe Strummer - The Rockfield Studio Tracks [12''] John Cage Meets Sun Ra - John Cage Meets Sun Ra: The Complete Film [7''+DVD] John Lennon - Imagine: The Raw Studio Mixes [2LP] Julien Baker - Red Door / Conversation Piece [7''] Justin Courtney Pierre (frontman of Motion City Soundtrack) - Open Mic At The Lo-Fi Vol. 1 [LP] Kooks, The - Live At The Moth Club [LP] Kool Keith - Complicated Trip [12''] Kristin Hersh - Crooked [LP] L7 - Burn Baby [7''] Lemonheads, The - Can't Forget / Wild Child [7''] Lou Reed - Ecstasy [2LP] Louis Armstrong - Disney Songs The Satchmo Way [LP] Madonna - La Isla Bonita: Super Mix [LP] Madonna - True Blue (Super Club Mix) [LP] Mark Lanegan Band - Stitch It Up [7''] Mark Ronson - Nothing Breaks Like A Heart [12''] Mastodon - Stairway To Nick John [10''] Matthew Sweet - Pleasure Island, Live [LP] Menzingers, The - No Penance b/w Cemetery's Garden [7''] Midnight Oil - Breathe Tour '97, Live [LP] Mission Of Burma - Peking Spring [LP] Mo-dettes, The The Story So Far [LP] Monty Python - Monty Python's Life Of Brian [LP] Morrissey - Lover-To-Be [7''] Moses Sumney - Black In Deep Red, 2014 [12''] Motorhead - Overkill / Bomber [2x7''] Motorhead - Rockaway Beach [7''] Mumford & Sons - Delta Acoustic Sessions | Live From Electric Lady [10''] My Chemical Romance - The Black Parade Is Dead! [2LP] Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds - Wait & Return [LP] Ol' Dirty Bastard - Intoxicated [LP] Olafur Arnalds - Re:member + String Quartets [LP+7''] Otis Redding w/Booker T. & The M.G.'s + The Mar-Keys - Just Do It One More Time! Live At The Monterey Pop Festival [LP] Parliaments, The - Baby I Owe You Something Good [LP] Pearl Jam - Live At Easy Street [LP] Pelican - Midnight & Mesaline [7''] Peter Howell & John Ferdinando - Ithaca, Agincourt And Other Psych-Folk Fairy Tales [2LP+CD] Pink Floyd - A Saucerful Of Secrets (Mono) [LP] Police, The - Message In A Bottle [2x7''] Prince - His Majesty's Pop Life / The Purple Mix Club [2LP] Procol Harum - Procol Harum (50th Anniversary USA Edition) [2LP] Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody (Soundtrack) [2LP] Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody / I'm In Love With My Car [7''] Ramones, The - Live At The Palladium, New York, NY (12/31/79) [2LP] Robert Johnson - Kind Hearted Woman Blues / Terraplane Blues [10''] Robyn - Body Talk [2LP] Rolling Stones, The - Big Hits (High Tide And Green Grass) (UK) [LP] Rolling Stones, The - She’s A Rainbow / Live At U Arena, Paris / 25.10.17 [10''] Rolling Stones, The - Through The Past, Darkly (Big Hits Vol. 2) (UK) [LP] Roxy Music - Roxy Music - Remixed [2LP] RZA - Birth Of A Prince [2LP] Salvation Army, The - Live From Torrance And Beyond [LP] Santigold - I Don't Want: The Gold Fire Sessions [LP] Serj Tankian - Harakiri [LP] Sherman Brothers, The - Simply Sherman: Disney Hits From The Sherman Brothers [LP] Shocking Blue - Single Collection (A's & B's), Part 2 [2LP] Sly & The Family Stone - Woodstock Sunday August 17, 1969 [2LP] Soccer Mommy - For Young Hearts [LP] Sublime - Nugs: Best Of The Box [LP] SUNN O))) - Life Metal [2LP] Tangerine Dream - Le Parc [2LP] Tangerine Dream - Machu Picchu [LP] Ten In The Swear Jar (Xiu Xiu) - Fort Awesome: Complete Recordings [2LP] Teyana Taylor - Gonna Love Me / WTP (Remixes) [12''] Thrice - Deeper Wells [LP] Todd Rundgren - The Complete U.S. Bearsville & Warner Bros. Singles [4LP] Too $hort - The Pimp Tape [2LP] Townes Van Zandt - The Best Of Townes Van Zandt [2LP] U2 - The Europa [LP] Van Morrison - Astral Weeks Alternative [10''] Various Artists - Boy Meets Girl: Classic Stax Duets [2LP] Various Artists - Brazil Classics 30th Anniversary Box Set [3LP] Various Artists - Coneheads (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Folk And Pop Sounds Of Sumatra Vol. 2 [2LP] Various Artists - Ghost World (Soundtrack) [2LP] Various Artists - I Am Sam (Soundtrack) [LP Various Artists - Lost In Translation (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Malcom X (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Mickey Mouse Disco [LP] Various Artists - New Jack City (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Office Space (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Poppies: Assorted Finery From The First Psychedelic Age [LP] Various Artists - Rockabye Baby! Lullaby Renditions Of Weezer [LP] Various Artists - South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (Soundtrack) [2LP] Various Artists - Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse (Soundtrack) [LP] Various Artists - Stax Does The Beatles [2LP] Various Artists - Sugar Hill Records: The 12'' D.J. Boxset [6x12'' Boxset] Various Artists - The Crow (Soundtrack) [2LP] Various Artists - Where The Action Is! Los Angeles Nuggets Highlights [2LP] Various Artists - Woodstock 3 Days Of Peace Music (Mono PA Version) [3LP] Violent Femmes - Hallowed Ground [LP] Vitamin String Quartet - VSQ Performs Bjork [2LP] Weezer - Dusty Gems: The B-Sides [LP] Weezer - Weezer (Teal Album) [LP] Wes Montgomery - Back On Indiana Avenue: The Carroll DeCamp Recordings [2LP] Wipers, The - Alien Boy [7'' EP] Wonder Years, The - The Wonder Years Live From Maida Vale [10''] Yes - Yes [LP] UK LIST TITLES Dexys Midnight Runners - At The BBC 1982 [2LP] Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five - The Message [2LP] Mighty Boosh - The Complete Radio Series [3LP] Ronnie Lane & The Band Slim Chance - At The BBC [2LP] Sigur Ros - Lunar Halo 22° [LP] Sigur Ros - Variations In Darkness [LP] Thin Lizzy - Black Rose [2LP] Various Artists - The Freakbeat Scene [2LP] Various Artists - The Mod Scene [2LP] Various Artists - The Northern Soul Scene [2LP] Various Artists - The Psychedelic Scene [2LP] Various Artists - The R&B Scene [2LP] Venom - Manitou [7" picture disc] Yazoo - Reconnected: Live [2LP]

[rabbitcruiser]

National Banana Split Day

In our opinion, this is easily one of the best parts of summer or any time of year where you like to indulge in an ice cream treat! It blends together the perfect flavor of bananas with the rich sweet flavor of the ice cream, topped with whipped cream, maraschino cherries, strawberries, hot fudge, and anything else your heart can imagine! National Banana Split Day celebrates this amazing treat and a perfect excuse to indulge in it!

Learn about National Banana Split Day

National Banana Split Day is exactly what you expect to be: it is a day to celebrate this amazing dessert. It gives you the perfect opportunity to tuck into this sweet treat. After all, who doesn’t love a delicious banana split? You can enjoy one of these desserts (or several) and you don’t need to feel guilty about it! Music to our ears. Have fun trying out your own banana split inventions. You won’t regret it!

Fun facts about banana splits

Did you know that there was a World Record set in Selinsgrove, PA, for the longest banana split? This stretched 4.5 miles, and it consisted of 33,000 bananas, as well as 150 gallons of chocolate and 2,500 gallons of ice cream.

The popularity of the banana split is often credited to Walgreens drug stores, which are operated by Charles Rudolph Walgreens. The store promoted the banana split as their premium dessert, which caused a lot of customers to try the dessert when they may have otherwise note been interested in it.

When banana splits first came onto the scene, they were sold for 10 cents. This may not seem like a lot of money. However, at the time, it was sold at twice the price of sundaes.

Health benefits of bananas

While bananas may be covered in cream and a few other bad things when enjoyed as a banana split, bananas themselves offer a number of different health benefits. This can make you feel better about eating a banana split! Bananas, for example, are an excellent source of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6, in turn, provides a number of great benefits. This helps us to maintain a healthy nervous system, remove unwanted chemicals from your kidneys and liver, metabolize amino acids, metabolize fats and carbohydrates, turning them into energy, and produce red blood cells.

The good news does not end there. There are a number of other benefits that are associated with bananas. This includes potassium, which meets around 10 percent of your potassium intake. It also contains manganese, which helps to protect your skin through the creation of collagen, as well as protecting other cells from free radical damage. Bananas are also a great source of vitamin C. Vitamin C supports brain health through the production of serotonin, which impacts our moods, sleep cycle, and experiences of pain and stress. Vitamin C helps your body produce collagen, absorb iron better, and protect your body against tissue and cell damage.

History of National Banana Split Day

The Banana Split, surprisingly, has a very definite history, and we can pinpoint its origins to one David Evans Stickler in 1904, where he was serving as an apprentice pharmacist at Tassel Pharmacy in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Like most pharmacies of the day, it had a soda fountain attached, and it was in this pharmacy that he invented the banana split, which quickly became a hit with the students at Saint Vincent College nearby. Word of mouth made it spread like wildfire, and it soon became an American institution, before going global.

In 2004 Latrobe hosted the 100th anniversary of the invention, the same year that it was certified as the birthplace of the banana split by NICRA (National Ice Cream Retailers Association). It also became the home of the Great American Banana Split Celebration, a huge event with food and events for everyone to take part in.

Of course, like with all great inventions, there is some contention about its origins (unless you ask NICRA). Wilmington, Ohio claims that it was invented there in 1907 in response to a slump in the ice cream business thanks to the winter season.

How to celebrate National Banana Split Day

Like we need to tell you how to celebrate National Banana Split Day! Grab yourself an entire bushel of bananas, split them and circle a bowl with them, and fill that puppy with ice cream! Then top with whipped cream, nuts, hot fudge, strawberry syrup, and anything else you can imagine, and sprinkle liberally with maraschino cherries.

A bit much? Alright, if you’re going to keep this deliciousness to yourself, maybe what you need is to enjoy it quietly at home. But for a special twist drizzle it with high proof alcohol and ignite it, because hot and cold are great companions.

Another fun way to celebrate National Banana Split Day is by gathering all of your loved ones and having a “banana split off.” You can all have fun creating different takes on this classic dessert. Make sure you have a range of different toppings available and allow people to go wild with their own banana split inventions. This is a great way to spend time with the people you love. After all, it is always fun to do something different, isn’t it?

Source

[michelleplayswithfire]

Top 20 Top 40 Hits of 1999

Honorable mentions: Mambo No. 5 (A Little Bit Of...) -- Lou Bega (#3 -- peak Nov. 13) (#42 -- YE 1999)  (You Drive Me) Crazy -- Britney Spears (#10 -- peak Nov. 13) Unpretty -- TLC (#1 -- peak Sep. 18) (#20 -- YE 1999) Man! I Feel Like A Woman! -- Shania Twain (#23 -- peak Nov. 13) There She Goes -- Sixpence None The Richer (#32 -- peak Nov. 6) Someday -- Sugar Ray (#7 -- peak Oct. 2) (#30 -- YE 1999) Girl On TV -- LFO (#10 -- peak Dec. 11) (#93 -- YE 2000) (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You -- ‘N Sync (#8 -- peak Feb. 27) (#45 -- YE 1999) Music Of My Heart -- ‘N Sync & Gloria Estefan (#2 -- peak Oct. 16) (#97 -- YE 1999) Steal My Sunshine -- Len (#9 -- peak Nov. 13) (#78 -- YE 1999) She’s So High -- Tal Bachman (#14 -- peak Aug. 28) (#51 -- YE 1999) What’s It Gonna Be?! -- Busta Rhymes featuring Janet Jackson (#3 -- peak Apr. 17) (#27 -- YE 1999) What It’s Like -- Everlast (#13 -- peak May 15) (#28 -- YE 1999) The Hardest Thing -- 98 Degrees (#5 -- peak Jul. 3) (#37 -- YE 1999) I Do (Cherish You) -- 98 Degrees (#13 -- peak Sep. 25) (#68 -- YE 1999) Give It To You -- Jordan Knight (#10 -- peak May 15) (#63 -- YE 1999) Stay The Same -- Joey McIntyre (#10 -- peak Apr. 10) (#92 -- YE 1999) Believe -- Cher (#1 -- peak Mar. 13) (#1 -- YE 1999) Where My Girls At? -- 702 (#4 -- peak Jun. 19) (#11 -- YE 1999) Who Dat -- JT Money featuring Sole (#5 -- peak May 22) (#55 -- YE 1999) Ex-Factor -- Lauryn Hill (#21 -- peak Apr. 10) (#62 -- YE 1999) C’est La Vie -- B*Witched (#9 -- peak Apr. 17) Better Days (And The Bottom Drops Out) -- Citizen King (#25 -- peak Aug. 21) (#96 -- YE 1999) Out of My Head -- Fastball (#20 -- peak Sep. 4) (#88 -- YE 1999) Scar Tissue -- Red Hot Chili Peppers (#9 -- peak Oct. 2) (#34 -- YE 1999) Beautiful Stranger -- Madonna (#19 -- peak Jul. 24) Smile -- Vitamin C featuring Lady Saw (#18 -- peak Aug. 28) Praise You -- Fatboy Slim (#36 -- peak May 22) Last Kiss -- Pearl Jam (#2 -- peak Jun. 26) (#23 -- YE 1999) Bills, Bills, Bills -- Destiny’s Child (#1 -- peak Jul. 17) (#21 -- YE 1999) Back That Azz Up -- Juvenile Featuring Mannie Fresh & Lil' Wayne (#19 -- peak Nov. 20) (#75 -- YE 1999) Bling Bling -- B.G. Featuring Baby, Turk, Mannie Fresh, Juvenile & Lil' Wayne (#36 -- peak Nov. 13) It Ain’t My Fault 1 & 2 -- Silkk The Shocker Featuring Mystikal (#18 -- peak Mar. 13) How Forever Feels -- Kenny Chesney (#27 -- peak Mar. 13) You Had Me From Hello -- Kenny Chesney (#34 -- peak Sep. 18)

20. All Star -- Smash Mouth (#4 -- peak Aug. 14) (#17 -- YE 1999) 19. You Get What You Give -- New Radicals (#36 -- peak Jan. 30) 18. Anywhere -- 112 featuring Lil Zane (#15 -- peak May 8) (#47 -- YE 1999) 17. Fly Away -- Lenny Kravitz (#12 -- peak May 8) (#29 -- YE 1999) 16. Summer Girls -- LFO (#3 -- peak Aug. 28) (#38 -- YE 1999) 15. I Still Believe -- Mariah Carey (#4 -- peak Mar. 20) (#36 -- YE 1999) 14. Lullaby -- Shawn Mullins (#7 -- peak Jan. 16) (#46 -- YE 1999) 13. Every Morning -- Sugar Ray (#3 -- peak Apr. 3) (#8 -- YE 1999) 12b. Black Balloon -- Goo Goo Dolls (#16 -- peak Oct. 9) (#64 -- YE 1999) 12a. Slide -- Goo Goo Dolls (#8 -- peak Feb. 13) (#13 -- YE 1999) 11. I Could Not Ask For More -- Edwin McCain (#37 -- peak Aug. 28) 10. Kiss Me -- Sixpence None The Richer (#2 -- peak May 1) (#6 -- YE 1999) 9. That Don’t Impress Me Much -- Shania Twain (#7 -- peak Jun. 12) (#32 -- YE 1999) 8. Have You Ever? -- Brandy (#1 -- peak Jan. 16) (#14 -- YE 1999) 7. No Scrubs -- TLC (#1 -- peak Apr. 10) (#2 -- YE 1999) 6. My Name Is -- Eminem (#36 -- peak Mar. 27)  5. Livin’ La Vida Loca -- Ricky Martin (#1 -- peak May 8) (#10 -- YE 1999) 4. Heartbreak Hotel -- Whitney Houston feat. Faith Evans & Kelly Price (#2 -- peak Mar. 20) (#4 -- YE 1999) 3b. All I Have To Give -- Backstreet Boys (#5 -- peak Feb. 6) (#25 -- YE 1999) 3a. I Want It That Way -- Backstreet Boys (#6 -- peak Jun. 26) (#15 -- YE 1999) 2b. Genie In A Bottle -- Christina Aguilera (#1 -- peak Jul. 31) (#7 -- YE 1999) 2a. Smooth -- Santana featuring Rob Thomas (#1 -- peak Oct. 23) (#19 -- YE 1999) (#2 -- YE 2000)* 1b. Sometimes -- Britney Spears (#21 -- peak Jul. 24) (#86 -- YE 1999) 1a. ...Baby One More Time -- Britney Spears (#1 -- peak Jan. 30) (#5 -- YE 1999)

Albums Worth Checking Out: Californication -- Red Hot Chili Peppers Play -- Moby The Slim Shady LP -- Eminem Enema Of The State -- blink-182 The Battle Of Los Angeles -- Rage Against The Machine When The Pawn... -- Fiona Apple The White Stripes -- The White Stripes Make Yourself -- Incubus Performance and Cocktails -- Stereophonics Supernatural -- Santana Still Life -- Opeth No Angel -- Dido Apple Venus Volume 1 -- XTC

The Bottom of the Pile: The Cup Of Life -- Ricky Martin (#45 -- peak Aug. 7) American Woman -- Lenny Kravitz (#49 -- peak Oct. 30)* I Drive Myself Crazy -- ‘N Sync (#67 -- peak May 8) I Love You Came Too Late -- Joey McIntyre (#54 -- peak Sep. 11) Rollercoaster -- B*Witched (#67 -- peak Jun. 19) Rosa Parks -- Outkast (#55 -- peak Jan. 9) My Own Worst Enemy -- Lit (#51 -- peak Jul. 3)* What’s My Age Again? -- Blink-182 (#58 -- peak Oct. 23)* Nothing Really Matters -- Madonna (#93 -- peak May 8) Cowboy -- Kid Rock (#82 -- peak Oct. 30)* Pretty Fly (For A White Guy) -- The Offspring (#53 -- peak Jan. 16)* Why Don’t You Get A Job? -- The Offspring (#74 -- peak May 15)* Maria -- Blondie (#82 -- peak Apr. 10)* The Chemicals Between Us -- Bush (#67 -- peak Dec. 4)* The Dolphin’s Cry -- Live (#78 -- peak Oct. 23)* Malibu -- Hole (#81 -- peak Feb. 27)* Blue Monday -- Orgy (#56 -- peak Apr. 24)* Run -- Collective Soul (#76 -- peak Mar. 27)* It’s All Been Done -- Barenaked Ladies (#44 -- peak Jan. 30)* Father Of Mine -- Everclear (#70 -- peak Feb. 20)* Special -- Garbage (#52 -- peak May 22)* Candy -- Mandy Moore (#41 -- peak Oct. 30)

Alternative songs are the ones starred.

[spoonlesstheory-blog]

Service Dogs and Sundays don’t mix so I’m beginning to learn. Let me tell you why.

I woke up on this fine weekend morning and delicately stretched my fingers and toes before making my way to the living room, only to be greeted by the sight of my husband half-alive due to a sudden onset cold. Being the humble and loving person that I am, I pounced 6 feet away and demanded he not even look at me. How dare he bring sickness into this house! Did he even think about how I would feel? Obviously not. Rubbish, absolute rubbish I say! Again, being the humble and loving person that I am, I decided a trip to our local store for Vitamin C and enough soup to go around was much needed. From the other room, for safety measures of course, Evan texted me a list of items he felt would comfort him through this internal storm and off me and the horse-thing went! As we walked into the store we were punched in the face by the strong smell of gluten-free and non-GMO items, meaning I’m probably in the right place to find a holistic remedy. Once the smell of organic deodorant faded, I realized the store looked how I envisioned New York would be. Isles completely clogged by carts and stray children running around screaming with their hands in barrels of peanuts they were clearly not paying for. I found an abandoned corner, had Hemingway settle, strategically barricaded him with my cart, and set off on foot to collect thy winnings. Finally we made it to check out and I’ve never been so happy to see the miserable faces of grocery store employees asking over and over “Would you like to buy a bag for 10 cents?” There were about 40 others in line with us, it was like being in a McDonalds drive thru and by the time you realized you weren’t ready to abandon your diet there were already 2 cars behind you. Here I am trying to lean over my cart and toss my findings onto the conveyer belt of success meanwhile behind us was some woman practically dry humping my dog since she had no room behind her, to my left was a child sticking his innocent hands inside my dog’s mouth, and the mother was too busy stumbling over her cart in a similar fashion as myself. 10 minutes pass and it’s finally my turn to cough up my family’s hard earned cash for some survival soup while simultaneously positioning my dog to lay between my feet and the register. Well squishy sally behind me had already scooted up so close to us that as I’m positioning him, he’s nose deep in her butt and the mother behind me is running over his tail. The best part about this entire trip? I didn’t get any vitamin C and only enough soup for Evan, only to come home and realize I too am getting sick. I’ll stick to Monday shopping.

[siva3155]

300+ TOP ENT Objective Questions and Answers

ENT Multiple Choice Questions :-

1.Caloric test has a) Slow component only b) fast component only c) Slow + Fast components d) fast components occasionally Ans: c 2.Carhart's notch is characteristically seeh at a)1000hz b)2000hz c)4000hz d)6000hz Ans: b 3.Gradenigo's syndrome does not consist of a) abducent nerve palsy b) Retro orbital pain c) aural discharge d) Palatal palsy Ans: d 4.In Acoustic neuroma the following is not seen a) Auditory defect b) Sensory aphasia c) Motor aphasia d) Changes in audiometry Ans: c 5.Myringotomy is done on the ...quadrant of the tympanic membrane a) Postero inferior b) Postero superior c) antero inferior d) antero superior Ans: a 6.In unsafe CSOM with cholesteatoma and sensorineural deafness treatment choice a) simple mastoidectomy b) modified radical mastoidectomy c)radical mastoidectomy d) tympanoplasty Ans: c 7.Organ of corti is situated in a) scala media b) ScalaTympanum c) Scala Vestibule d) Saccule Ans:a 8.Endolymphatic hydrops is associated with a) Otosclerosis b) CSOM c) wax impacted ear d) presbycusis Ans: d 9.Positive Rinnetest is seen in a) Otosclerosis b) csom c) wax impacted ear d) Presbycusis Ans: d 10.Pulsatile otorrhea seen in a) Glomus tumour b) CSF otorrhea c) ASOM d) fistula Ans: c

ENT MCQs 11.Commonest cause of deafness in childhood is a) ASOM b) CSOM c) deaf-mutism d) foreign body Ans: b 12.Otosclerosis is associated with all except a) conductive deafness b) common in males c) Mostly affects stapes d) Run in families Ans: b 13.Common cause of facial palsy is a) Bell's palsy b) Mastoid surgery c) Guillian Barre syndrome d) Injury to facial nerve Ans: a 14.The land mark on the lateral surface of temporal bone which acts as a guide to surgeryto the antrum is the a) trauman's triangle b) temporal line c) suprameatal spine of Henle d) notch of Rivinus e) None of the above Ans: c 15.Destruction of right labyrinth causes nystagmus to a) right side b) Left side c) rotatory nystagmus D) No nystagmus Ans: b 16.The secretomotor nerve fibres of sphenopalatine ganglion supply the a) Lacrimal gland b) Parotid gland c) submandibular gland d) sublingual gland Ans: a 17.In conductive deafness Weber test is lateralized to: a) deaf ear b) normal ear c) Both ears d) Any of the above Ans: a 18.Hyposthesia of the posterior aspect of the external auditory canal may be an early sign of a) Trigeminal neuralgia b) costens syndrome c) Lateral sinus thrombosis d) Multiple sclerosis e) acoustic neuroma Ans: e 19.Pulsatile tinnitus in ear is due to a) Malignant otitis media b) osteoma c) mastoid reservoir d) glomus jugulare tumour Ans: d 20.Impairment of hearing due to noise starts at a)1000Hz b)2000Hz c)3000Hz d)4000 Hz Ans: d 21.Management of otogenic cerebral abscess is a) radical mastoidectomy b) drainage of abscess followed by mastoidectomy c) conservative treatment with antibiotics d) drainage of abscess only Ans: b 22.Absolute bone conduction test (ABC) is shortened in a) conductive deafness b) perceptive deafness c) both a&b d) none of the above Ans: b 23.All of the following are the features of cholesteatoma except a) filled with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium b) Deafness c) erodes bone d) lymphatic permeation Ans: d 24.In majority of the cases with otosclerosis the tympanic membrane is a) normal b) flamingo pink C) blue d) yellow Ans: a 25.The syndrome of sensorineural hearing loss together with hereditary nephritis is a) alports syndrome b) fabry's syndrome C) Nail patella syndrome d) Edward syndrome Ans: a 27.A patient hears better in Noise the diagnosis is a) Hyperacusis b) Hypoacusis c) presbycusis d) paracusis Ans: d 28.Dryness of eyes is caused by injury to facial nerve at a) chorda tympani b) cerebellopontine angle c) tympanic canal d) geniculate ganglion Ans: a 29.The aost mobile part at the tympanic membrane a) central b) peripheral c) both d) none of the above Ans: a 30.The commonest site of otogenic brain abscess occurring due to CSOM is a) frontal lobe b) parietal lobe c) temporo petrosal lobe d) occipital lobe Ans: c 31.In blast injury most common organ affected a) eardrum b) stomach c) lungs d) all of the above Ans: a 32. Condition where a pulsatile tumour is found in external auditory meatus which bleeds to touch a) cholesteatoma b) polyp c) glomus tumour d) malignancy middle ear Ans: c 33. Organ of cortt is arranged along the inner edge of a) Reissners membrane b) Basilar membrane c) stria vascularis d) none of the above Ans: b 34.Cochlear implant used in a) sensory neural deafness b) conductive deafness c) Mixed d) None Ans: a 35.Tone decay test is done to find out a) Otosclerosis b) Cochlear lesions c) Retrocochlear lesions d) Menier's disease Ans: c 36.Which of the following statement regarding eustachian tube dysfunction is wrong? a) Un Distorted light image on the anterior quadrant of tympanic membrane b) No movement of the tympanic membrane on Seagul's method c) Malleus is easily visible d) Lusterless tympanic membrane Ans: a 37.Bell's palsy not responding to steroid what will be the further line of management? a) Increase the dose of steroid b) Vasodilators and ACTH c) surgical decompression d) electrical nerve stimulation Ans: c 38. The facial nerve a) Is motor to the tensor tympani muscle b) In the internal auditory canal lies inferior to the cochlear nerve c) Is the nerve in the internal auditory meatus to the most frequently affected by a neuroma d) Medial wall of the middle ear Ans: d 39.Otosclerosis occurs in the a) Lateral wall of the middle ear b) Roof of the middle ear c) Floor of the middle ear d) Medial wall of the ear Ans: d 40.Acute suppurative otitis media is treated using a) erythromycin b) penicillin c) streptomycin d) chloramphenicol Ans: b 41.Before attempting tympanoplasty operation the surgeon must look for a) Disruption of ossicular chain b) no infection in the sinuses c) the ear has been dry d) cochlear reserve Ans: d 42.A patient of CSOM with cholesteatoma present with acute onset of vertigo treatment is a) Immediate exploration b) antibiotics steroids c) Labyrinthine sedatives d) Labyrinthine sedatives only Ans: a 43. Monoaural diplacusis is present in a lesion of a) acoustic nerve b) pontine glioma c) cochlea d) efferent auditory neurons Ans: c 44.Blue drum is seen in a) tympanosclerosis b) secretory otitis media c) otosclerosis d) myringitis bullosa Ans: b 45.Nerve supply of tympanic membrane is a) auriculo temporal b) auricular branch of vagus c) lesser occipital d) greater occipital Ans: a 46.Appreciation of sound occurs in a) organ of corti b) Basilar membranae m c) cochlear nuclei d) transverse temporal gyrus Ans: c 47.Meniers disease is associated with a) cochlear deafness b) conductive deafness c) retrocochlear deafness d) mixed Ans: d 48.Acoustic neuroma commonly affects the cranial nerve a) 5th b) 6th ' c) 7tb d) 8th Ans: d 49.Common cause of eustachian tube disease is due to a) adenoids b) sinusitis c) otitis media d) pharyngitis Ans: a 50. A 3year old child presents with fever and earache on examination there is congested tympanic membranae with slight bulge . the treatment of choice is a) myringotomy with penicillin b) myringotomy with grommet c) only antibiotics d) wait and watch Ans: a ENT Objective Questions with Answers 51. Not a feature of acute mastoiditis a) clouding of air cells b) Deafness c) outward and downward displacement of pinna d) obliteration of retroauricular sulcus Ans: c 52. Medication which may prevent rapid progress of cochlear otosclerosis is a) steroids b) antibiotics c) Fluorides d) vitamins Ans: c 53. The commonest extra cranial complication following mastoidectomy includes a) facial nerve palsy b) dislocation of incus c) post operative haematoma d) cochlear injury Ans: a 54.At birth the following structures are of adult size except a) tympanic cavity b) Mastoid antrum c) Malleus d) tympanic ring Ans: b 55.Commonest occurrence of acoustic neuroma is in a) cochlear nerve b) superior vestibular nerve c) facial nerve d) inferior vestibular nerve Ans: b 56.Fungus causing otomycosis most commonly Is a) Aspergillus fumigatus b) Candida c) mucor d) pencillium Ans: a 57.Mastoid infection which erodes through die outer cortex of bone results in a) sub periosteal abscess b) epidural abscess c) perichrondritis d) Lateral sinus thrombosis Ans: a 58. The normal length of external auditory meatus is a) 7mm b) 10mm c) 24mm d) 36mm Ans: c 59.Meniers disease is manifested by all of the symptoms except a) Tinnitus b) vertigo c) deafness d) otorrhoea Ans: d 60.An U- shaped audiogram suggests a) otosclerosis b) Adhsive otitis media c) Mumps deafness d) Congenital deafness Ans: d 61. Mc Evans triangle is the landmark for: a) Maxillary sinus b) Mastoid antrum c) Frontal sinus d) None Ans: b 62. Macewen's triangle (suprameatal triangle) can be felt through the a) Superior conchae b) Middle conchae C) Cymba conchae d) Posterior part of the auricle Ans: c 63. In a classical case of Meniere's disease which one of the following statements is true: a) Carhart's Notch is a characteristic feature in pure tone audiogram b) Schwartz" sign is usually present in the Tympanic membrane c) Low frequency sensory neural deafness is often seen in pure tone audiogram d) Decompression of Fallopian Canal is the treatment of choice Ans: c 64. Stapedial reflex is mediated by a) V and VII nerves b) V and VIII nerves c) VII and VI nerves d) VII and VII nerves Ans: d 65. In Monoaural diplacusis the lesion is in the a) Cochlea b) Auditory nerve c) Brain stem d) Cerebrum Ans: a 66. Sensory nerve supply of middle ear cavity is provided by a) Facial b) Glossopharyngeal c) Vagus d) Trigeminal Ans: b 67. The Kobrak test is used for: a) Minimal caloric stimulation b) Measuring taste c) Demonstrating recruitment d) Demonstrating mucosal area of leukoplakia Ans: a 68. Most reliable landmark in otoscopy is a) Cone of light b) Umbo c) Handle of malleus d) Lateral process of malleus Ans: b 69. The feature of Gradenigo's triad is a) Abducent nerve palsy b) Oculomotor nerve palsy c) Facial nerve palsy d) Hypoglossal nerve palsy Ans: a 70.Treatment of choice in deafness associated with Attico antra! perforation a) Simple mastoidectomy b) Modified radical mastoidectomy c) Watch and wait d) Instillation of antibiotic drops Ans: b 71.Myringoplasty is plastic repair of a) Middle ear b) Internal ear c) Eustachian tube d) Tympanic membrane Ans: d 72.Increased threshold of air conduction and decreased direshold of bone conduction aie associate with a) Middle ear disease b) VIII Cranial nerve disease c) Cochlear disease d) External ear disease Ans: a 73.Bezolds abscess is located in a) Submandibular region b) Sternomastoid muscle c) Digastric triangle d) Infratemporal region Ans: b 74.Myringitis bullosa is caused by a) Virion b) Fungus c) Bacteria d) Virus Ans: d 75. Which of the following tests the resistance in middle ear a) Pure tone audiometry b) Impedance audiometry c) Caloric test d) BERA Ans: c 76.Unsafe otitis media in a child with high fever and convulsion, the diagnosis is a) Temporal lobe abscess b) Cerebellar abscess c) Meningitis d) Lateral sinus thrombosis Ans: a 77. In the external auditory meatus, the cartilaginous portion is a) Smaller than bony portion b) Larger than bony portion c) Both are equal d) Devoid of ceruminous glands Ans: a 78. Which is true of cholesteatoma a) Physiological b) Erodes bone c) Benign neoplasm d) contains cholesterol Ans: b 79. The prominent eminence seen over medial wall of middle ear is a) Utricle b) Cochlea (basal turn) c) Superior semicircular canal d) Posterior semicircular canal Ans: b 80.Rinne's test negative is seen in a) Presbycusis b) CSOM c) Labyrinthitis d) Menieres disease Ans: b 81.Mastoid tip appears at the age of: a) lyear b) 2years c) 3years d) 4years Ans: b 82.Scantly, purulent offensive discharge from the ear is due to a) Tubotympanic otitis media b) Otomycosis c) Atticoantral disease d) Secretory otitis media Ans: c 83.Malignant Otitis externa is caused by a) S.aureus b) S.albus c) P.aeroginosa d) E.coil Ans: c 84.Commonest cause of suppurative otitis media is a) Streptococcus b) Pneumococcus c) Staphylococcus d) Pseudomonas Ans: b 85.In 8 year old child with bilateral conductive deafness, the diagnosis is a) Glue ear b) Otosclerosis c) Tympanosclerosis d) Bilateral atresia of auditory canal Ans: a 86.Fitzgerald's caloric test uses temperature at a) 30"cand44°c b) 34°cand 41°c c) 330cand21°c d) 37° c and 41°c Ans: a 87.The most common cause of cerebrospinal otorrhoea is: a) Rupture of tympanic membrane b) Fracture or petrous ridge c) Fracture of mastoid air cells d) Fracture parietal bone Ans: b 88.The usual location of glomus jugulare tumour is: a) Epitympanum b) Hypotympanum c) Mastoid tip cells d) Promontory e) Internal auditory meatus Ans: b 89. Acute otitis media can be very serious in children if associate with a) Infection by pneumococcus b) Infection by H.influenza c) Perforation in pars tensa d) Very large adenoids Ans: a 90.Commonest complication in CSOM is a) Conductive deafness b) Meningitis c) Temporal lobe abscess d) Cholesteatoma Ans: a 91.Tobey Ayer test is useful for diagnosing a) Lateral sinus thrombosis b) Medial sinus thrombosis c) Serous otitis media d) Eustachian tube defects Ans: a 92.True Statement about malignant external otitis is a) Not painful b) Common in diabetics & Old age c) Caused by streptococcus d) All of the above Ans: b 93.Flat tympanogram is a feature of a) Ossicular discontinuity b) Serous otitis media c) Perforation of eardrum d) Otosclerosis e) CSOM Ans: b 94. Acute mastoiditis is characterized by all except a) Clouding of air cells b) Obliteration of retroauricular sulcus c) Deafness d) Outward & downward deviation of the pinna Ans: d 95. Following are components of epitympanum except a) Head of Malleolus b) Body of incus c) A and B d) Foot plate of stapes Ans: d 96. Fistula test is after the operation of labyrinth fenestration: a) Negative b) Positive c) No definite response d) None of the above Ans: b 97.Commonest indication for myringotomy is a) Myringitis bullosa b) Serous otitis media c) Middle ear defect d) Mastoiditis Ans: b 98.Processes cochleaformis attaches to a) Tendon of tensor tympani b) Basal turns of helix c) Handle of malleus D) incus. Ans: b 99.Early symptom of an Acoustic nerve tumor is a) Tinnitus b) Vertigo c) Unilateral hearing loss d) Headache Ans: c 100.Multiple perforations of Tympanic membrane a) TB otitis media b) Pneumococcus c) Pseudomonas d) Streptococcus Ans: c ENT Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

[fachportal-gesundheit]

Oxidativer Stress

Oxidativer Stress - Was ist das ?

Definition

Unter oxidativem Stress versteht man ein Missverhältnis zwischen Bildung und Abbau freier Radikale. Übersteigt die Konzentration freier Radikale die abbauende Kapazität des Organismus, kommt es zum Oxidativen Stress.  

Was sind freie Radikale?

Die Theorie der freien Radikale, auch Freie-Radikale-Theorie (engl. Free Radical Theory of Aging, FRTA) genannt, ist ein Erklärungsmodell für das Altern aller Organismen durch Zelltod (Apoptose). Die Theorie der freien Radikale besagt, dass in Folge der Stoffwechselprozesse aus molekularem Sauerstoff in Zellen so genannte freie Radikale  entstehen. Als freie Radikale bezeichnet man Atome oder Moleküle  mit mindestens einem ungepaarten Elektron (z.B. NO), die meist besonders reaktionsfreudig sind. Wegen ihrer Reaktionsfreudigkeit werden sie auch als ROS (reactive oxygen species) bezeichnet. Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies werden ständig in den Mitochondrien (Atmungskette) durch Verbrennung (=Oxidation) von Fetten, Eiweißen und anderen Stoffen, die der Energiegewinnung dienen, gebildet. Eine wichtige Quelle für die Bildung von ROS im Gehirn ist der Neurotransmitter-Stoffwechsel. Neuere Studien schreiben ROS wichtige Funktionen im Gehirn zu, u.a. bei Signalübertragung, Gedächtnisbildung und Gefäßdilatation (Gefäßerweiterung). In Zellen des Immunsystems werden ROS gezielt gebildet, da sie sich aufgrund ihrer Reaktivität zur Zerstörung eindringender Mikroorganismen eignen, so beim oxidativen Burst. Darunter versteht man die Freisetzung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies durch neutrophile Granulozyten und Makrophagen bei der Phagozytose. Unter physiologischen Bedingungen werden ROS von Antioxidantien schnell unschädlich gemacht, wobei sich Oxidantien und Antioxidantien normalerweise  im Gleichgewicht befinden. Erst bei einer Verschiebung dieses Gleichgewichts durch gewisse Faktoren - siehe unten-  zu Gunsten der Oxidantien kommt zu einer unkontrollierten Produktion freier Radikale und somit zum Oxidativen Stress.           Hält die Stresssituation unverhältnismäßig lange an, wird der Körper damit nicht mehr fertig und antwortet mit Krankheitsmanifestationen.

Auslöser für oxidativen Stress

Umweltverschmutzung Ozon UV-Licht Röntgen- und andere ionisierende Strahlen Alltagsstress Leistungsdruck Körperliche Hochleistungen (Extremsport) Unzufriedenheit Psychische Belastungen (Kummer, Ängste u.a.) Medikamente Eisenüberschuss (führt zur Oxidation) Rauchen Alkohol Mykotoxine Bei Ischämie-ReperfusionsSituationen (nach Operationen) kommt es zu einem massiven Anfall freier Radikale. Falsche Ernährung (Mangelernährung, zu viel Eiweiß u.a.) Mobilfunkstrahlung Dialyse Erhöhte Aufnahme von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren Blutdruckschwankungen: Diese führen zur Synthese von Oxidantien innerhalb der Endothelzellen, damit zu Gefäßentzündungen und im weiteren Verlauf zu Arteriosklerose.   (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || ).push({});

Gesundheitliche Schäden durch oxidativen Stress

Die freien Radikale zirkulieren frei im Blut und haben Zugang zu allen Organen und Geweben. Sie greifen die Zellen an und lösen verschiedene Kettenreaktionen aus, die wiederum schwerwiegende Auswirkungen im ganzen Körper hervorrufen können. Zahlreiche Erkrankungen stehen im Zusammenhang mit oxidativem Stress. Wie z. B.: Enzymschädigungen: Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) bewirken die Freisetzung des Eisens, das Kofaktor einiger wichtiger Enzyme ist. Dadurch verlieren die Enzyme ihre Funktionsfähigkeit. Dies betrifft vor allem Enzyme des Zitratzyklus und der mitochondrialen Atmungskette. Eine wichtige Rolle spielen hierbei NO und Peroxinitrit und damit die Sonderform: Nitrosativer Stress. Herz-Kreislauf-Schäden (Gefäßschädigungen, Atherosklerose, Angina pectoris u.a.) Chronische entzündliche Erkrankungen ( Tipp: hier kann CBD Öl helfen, mehr Informationen hier) Entwicklung von Thrombosen Schädigung der Zellmembran Schädigung der Mitochondrien: Die Mitochondrien sind besonders gefährdet zumal sie selbst nicht über Reparatursysteme verfügen. Es kommt langfristig zu einem Rückgang der zellulären Energieproduktion parallel zu einer Erhöhung der Sauerstoffradikale. Die Störung der Mitochondrienfunktion und damit die herabgesetzte Energiegewinnung innerhalb der Neuronen behindert den Transport von Zellstrukturproteinen. Schäden an Membran- und Proteinstrukturen der Neuronen beeinträchtigen die Erregungsleitung und können schließlich neurodegenerative Erkrankungen verursachen. Apoptose (Zelltod) Schädigung der DNA Sehnenentzündung Leber-, Nieren- und Lungenerkrankungen Diabetes , Adipositas Entstehung neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen (M. Parkinson, M. Alzheimer) Frühes Altern (Schädigung der Haut, Apoptose) Krebserkrankungen (Leukämie u.a.) Störung des Immunsystems, Allergien, Infektionen Schädigung von Gelenken (Arthrose, Arthritis) Praeeklampsie Sarkoidose Schizophrenie Hormonstörungen Morbus Crohn Down-Syndrom Epilepsie, Multiple Sklerose Chorea Huntington Rosacea Ischämie/Reperfusion Oxidiertes LDL Nitrosativer Stress: Oxidation von Stickstoffmonooxid zu Peroxynitrit. Ihm wird eine Rolle bei der Entstehung von Depressionen, Schlafstörungen, Erschöpfung und anderen Neurostress-Symptomen zugeschrieben. Bieger beschreibt als eine der Folgen einer Peroxinitritbelastung eine irreversible Blockade des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Enzyms der Serotoninsynthese. Der entstehende Serotoninmangel kann ebenfalls zu Neurostress– Symptomen führen.  

Allgemeines zum oxidativen Stress

Untersuchungen ergaben, dass in Stresssituationen der Körper die 10-fache Menge an Vitamin C, die 5-fache Mange an Vitamin E und die 5-fache Menge an Energie benötigt, um dem Stress ausreichend entgegenwirken zu können. Wie soll er das aber, wenn er diese Substanzen nicht ausreichend über die Nahrung zugeführt bekommt? Ein kurzzeitiger „Oxidativer Stress“ kann sich durchaus fördernd für das Immunsystem auswirken. Immunkompetente Zellen besitzen die Fähigkeit Sauerstoffradikale zu bilden, um eindringende Mikroorganismen abzutöten. Bei diesen Zellen findet man eine bis zu 80fach höhere Vitamin-CKonzentration als im Plasma (Evans 1982), um die Zelle vor ihren eigenen im Zuge der Immunantwort freigesetzten Sauerstoffradikalen zu schützen. Bereits in den fünfziger Jahren postulierte Prof. Dr. Denham Harman die Theorie des Alterns durch freie Radikale und bewies, dass Alterungsprozesse auf Auswirkungen von freien Radikalen beruhen. Zu dieser Zeit war bereits bekannt, dass ionisierende Strahlen wie Röntgenstrahlen die Entstehung von sogenannten Hydroxylradikalen verursachen. Harman wies nach, dass die gleichen Vorgänge in unserem Stoffwechsel stattfinden. Nach einer amerikanischen Studie konnten Antioxidantien des Honigs ROS im Blut verringern. Wie die Wissenschaftler der Universität Illinois in der Zeitschrift Agricultural & Food Chemistry berichten, reduziert vor allem dunkler Honig die Oxidation der LowDensitiy-Lipoproteine (LDL). Dadurch verlangsamt sich auch die Ablagerung atherosklerotischer Plaques in den Gefäßwänden.  

Maßnahmen gegen oxidativen Stress

Als körpereigene Mitohormesis wird ein biochemischer Prozess genannt, bei welchem die Aktivierung von Mitochondrien zu einer vermehrten Bildung von freien Radikalen in der Zelle führt, welche letztlich zu einer Aktivierung der zelleigenen Abwehr gegen Sauerstoffradikale führt, nach dem Prinzip „Gleiches mit Gleichem bekämpfen“. Das Konzept der Mitohormesis wurde kürzlich durch Michael Ristow bewiesen. Glutathion (dieses Enzym stellt der Organismus selbst her) enthält ein kovalent gebundenes Selenatom, und  ist ein Tripeptid aus den Aminosäuren Glutamin, Glycin und Cystein. Es ist praktisch in allen Zellen vorhanden (hauptsächlich jedoch in Leber, Gehirn, Nieren sowie roten und weißen Blutkörperchen). Die Substanz verhindert die Oxidation von Sulfhydrylgruppen in Proteinen und von Eisen (Fe-II) im Häm. Seine Redoxfunktion kann auch zur Entfernung toxischer Peroxide dienen, die sich im Laufe des Wachstums und im Metabolismus unter aeroben Bedingungen bilden. Das Glutathionsystem stellt ein „Fängersystem“ dar, welches die ständig und in jeder Zelle gebildeten Wasserstoffperoxide und Lipidperoxide unter Bildung von Wasser und Sauerstoff metabolisiert. Es stellt den entscheidenden Schutz der Zell- und Mitochondrienmembranen vor der Schädigung durch reaktive Sauerstoffspezies dar. Weiterhin ist Glutathion daran beteiligt, oxidiertes und damit wirkungsloses Vitamin C und E wieder in die reduzierte Wirkform zu überführen. Es trägt auch dazu bei, dass Immunzellen Leukotriene bilden können, welche u.a. bei Infektionen entstehen und die Funktionen der Leukozyten im Ablauf von Immunabwehrreaktionen steuern. Katalase entzieht dem Organismus Peroxide, wie Wasserstoffperoxid und damit die Grundlage der Fenton Reaktion. Gezielte Versuche von Gentechnikern gehen dahin, den Körper zu veranlassen, selbst Antioxidantien zu produzieren. Experimente bei Fruchtfliegen brachten erste Erfolge. Mit genetischen Manipulationen wurde deren Organismus dazu gebracht, Katalase und das Superoxid Dismutase herzustellen. Damit erhöhte sich die maximale Lebensdauer der Fruchtfliege um immerhin 34 Prozent. Zur Funktionsfähigkeit benötigen die enzymatischen Antioxidantien Superoxiddismutase, Glutathionperoxidase und Katalase die Mineralien Selen, Kupfer, Mangan, Zink und Eisen, die im ausreichenden Maße vorhanden sein müssen. Bei den nichtenzymatischen Antioxidantien unterscheidet man zwischen endogenen niedermolekularen Antioxidantien (z.B. Glutathion) und den exogenen Antioxidantien, die über die Nahrung zugeführt werden müssen, wie L-Ascorbinsäure (Vit. C), aTocopherol (Vit.E), Karotinoide (ßCarotin) und sekundäre Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe (Polyphenole, Flavonoide, wie OPC). In mehreren Humanexperimenten konnte mit der Bestimmung des Totalen Antioxidantien Status (TAS) und einzelner Vitamine bewiesen werden, dass durch zusätzliche Zufuhr von Antioxidantien, vor allem durch Einsatz der Vitamine E, C sowie A  reaktive Sauerstoffspezies auch in höheren Konzentrationen abgefangen bzw. deaktiviert werden konnten.  Problem: Wenn Antioxidantien ein Elektron an freie Radikale abgegeben haben, werden sie selbst zu freien Radikalen, wenn auch nur zu schwachen. So ist in diesem Zusammenhang  die Doppelfunktion des Vitamins C bemerkenswert, die einmal zum Abfangen des Hydroxylradikals gedacht ist und andererseits erst zur Bildung freier Radikale führt: a.) zusammen mit zweiwertigem Eisen wird aus Sauerstoff das Superoxidanionen (Dioxigenasereaktion). b.) zusammen mit Wasserstoffperoxid (Fenton-Reaktion) entsteht  Hydroxylradikal und Hydroxid-Anion. Wie im Reagenzglas kann das freie Radikal offenbar auch im Menschen zur Schädigung der Nukleinsäuren führen (Trends in Biochem. Sci. 24, 255-259, 1999). Trifft dies virale DNA, ist dies ein gewünschter Effekt (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7245-7349, 1990).   Orale Substitution von Antioxidantien Als Tagesdosen werden empfohlen: Glutathion: ca. 50 mg/Tag Beta-Carotin: 2 bis 5 mg pro Tag Gilt nicht für Raucher! Bei Rauchern kann sich durch Einnahme von Beta-Carotin das Lungenkrebsrisiko erhöhen. Coenzym Q10: 1 bis 10 mg pro kg Körpergewicht und Tag Magnesium: 300 mg / Tag Selen: 10 bis 100 µg/Tag (toxisch bei Überdosierung !) Vitamin C: 500 bis 1000 mg pro Tag Vitamin E: 400 bis 600 I.E. pro Tag Zink: 12 bis15 mg pro Tag OPC: 2-6 mg /kg Körpergewicht/ Tag   (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || ).push({});  

Was ist OPC?

OPC (oligomeren Proanthocyanidine) sind eine Vorstufe bei der Biosynthese der Anthocyane, die eine sehr hohe antioxidative Wirkung (Redoxmittel) aufweisen. Es handelt sich dabei um in Pflanzen natürlich auftretende Stoffe, die zur Gruppe der Flavanole gehören und den übergeordneten Polyphenolen zuzuordnen sind. Entdeckt wurde OPC 1947 von Prof. Dr. Jaques Masquelier in Bordeaux. Der Biochemiker Dr. Leonardo Jorda hat bereits 1998 wissenschaftliche Tests und Studien in der Universitätsklinik Valencia und Barcelona durchgeführt und festgestellt, dass in Valencia eine Rebsorte wächst, die nie veredelt wurde aber die höchsten OPC- Werte aufweist, nämlich 400mg reinstes OPC/ 100g Traubenkernmehl.  Außerdem kommt OPC in der Schale und dem Laub roter Trauben, in den roten Häutchen von Erdnüssen, in Kokosnüssen, in Äpfeln und in der Rinde der Strandkiefer (Pinus Maritima), Maqui- Beren, Acai Beere, Aronia-Beere und der Magostanfrucht vor. Besonders die Schalen und Kerne enthalten hohe Mengen an OPC. Da diese aber aus Cellulose bestehen, die der Mensch kaum verdauen kann, ist die Ausnutzung dieser Pflanzenteile nur gering. Anders sieht es beim Rotwein aus, bei dessen Gärvorgang aus Schalen und Kernen OPC gelöst wird. Aber auch ein Vermahlen von Schalen und Kernen schließt die Cellulose auf und erhöht die Absorptionsfähigkeit für OPC.  Innerhalb von Minuten wird reines niedrigmolekulares OPC vollständig, man spricht von einer 100% igen Bioverfügbarkeit, bereits durch die Schleimhaut des Mundes und des Magens aufgenommen und über das Blut in alle Organe transportiert. Nach nur 45 Minuten erreicht OPC die höchste Konzentration im Blut und wirkt 72 Stunden lang! Zum Vergleich: Vitamin C und E bauen sich bereits nach zwei bis vier Stunden ab. Zudem wirkt OPC 40- bis 50-fach stärker als Vitamin E, 10fach stärker als Vitamin A und 18fach stärker als Vitamin C. Außerdem verstärkt OPC die Wirkung anderer wichtiger Substanzen. Vitamin C beispielsweise bleibt so zehnmal länger aktiv.   Wirkung von OPC Aus wissenschaftlichen Studien geht hervor, dass die oligomeren Proanthocyanidine insbesondere folgende Wirkungen erzielen: - Hemmung der Thrombozytenaggregation, - Blutdrucksenkung durch Hemmung des Angiotensin-ConvertingEnzyms - Vasodilatation (Gefäßerweiterung) und Gefäßprotektion (Schutz) durch Inhibition von Endothelin-1 - unterstützt die Gefäßelastizität - Tumorhemmende Wirkung - Antiimflammatorische (entzündungshemmende) Eigenschaften. Die Ernährungsexpertin Petty Smith aus Cambridge ist überzeugt von der positiven Wirkung Anthocyan haltiger Pflanzen gegenüber Demenz. Dr. Martin Zillgens aus Paris hat in einen Zeitraum von 4 Monaten Tinnitus Patienen Kapseln von schwarzen Anthoyan haltigen Beeren gegeben.  Bei über 90 Prozent seiner Patienten konnte er damit Erfolge verzeichnen. Wissenschaftler der Tufts Universität in Boston stellten fest, dass die Blutgefäße bei Probanten, die täglich Anthocyane zu sich nahmen, nach 10 bis 12 Wochen von Kalk und Plaques befreit waren. Bereits der Seefahrer Jacques Cartier machte mit OPC Bekanntschaft, ohne es zu wissen. Als er im Winter 1534 nach Kanada segelte, fror sein Schiff im Eis fest. Viele seiner Mannschaftskameraden erkrankten. Die Rettung kam durch einen indianischen Medizinmann. Der führte den Kapitän zu einer Pinie. Aus der Pinien-Rinde braute er einen Gesundheits-Sud für die Seeleute. Nach einer Woche waren alle Matrosen gesund. Was damals keiner der Matrosen wusste: im Sud befanden sich natürliches OPC und Vitamin C.

Vorbeugende Maßnahmen gegen oxidativen Stress

Störfaktoren (s.o.) beseitigen. Reduktion des Konsums von rotem Fleisch, Leber und Blutwürsten. Sie sind nicht nur die größten Eisenlieferanten, sondern ihr Eisen - das sogenannte Hämeisen - wird vom Körper auch am Besten aufgenommen. Vorsicht vor Eisenüberversorgung. reichlich Obst und Gemüse verzehren.

Messung von oxidativem Stress

ORAC-Werte (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) geben den Grad an, in dem ein biologischer Stoff ein freies Radikal hemmt. Mit der Messung des ORAC-Wertes kann man feststellen, welche Lebens-/ Nahrungsmittel besonders gute antioxidative Eigenschaften haben.   Antioxidative Kapazität Als Globaltest der Funktionsfähigkeit des antioxidativen Vermögens  kann die Totale Antioxidative Kapazität (AOC) im Serum gemessen werden, zusammen mit den Markern für Lipid- und Nukleinsäureoxidation eignet sie sich als Screening auf oxidativen Stress. Auch einzelne Antioxidantien lassen sich messen: - Superoxid-Dismutase (SOD) im EDTA-Blut - Gluthathion (GSH) im EDTA-Blut - Gluthathion-Peroxidase (GPX) im EDTA-Blut - Coenzym Q10 im Serum - Vitamin C und E im Serum - Kupfer, Zink, Eisen, Mangan und Selen (Kofaktoren der Enzyme des antioxidativen Verteidigungssystems) Sehr einfach und schnell lässt

Interessante Literatur & Produkte

    Vitamin C gegen Krebs: Untersuchung zur Ascorbinsäure-vermittelten anti-Tumor-Wirkung: Oxidativer Stress als Auslöser selektiver Zytotoxizität              

  Freie-Radikale-Check Self Read the full article

[abigloss]

1-92

1. Would you have sex with the last person you text messaged? Nope, it was my mother.2. You talked to an ex today, correct? Nope. 3. Have you taken someones virginity? Nope.4. Is trust a big issue for you? Not anymore.5. Did you hang out with the person you like recently? I have.6. What are you excited for? An upcoming job interview. 7. What happened tonight? Went to a football game, ate a salad, cried. Normal Friday night.8. Do you think it’s disgusting when girls get really wasted? Tag yourself I;m the girl getting really wasted.9. Is confidence cute? Suuure, cute isn’t quite the word I’d use though.10. What is the last beverage you had? Water!11. How many people of the opposite sex do you fully trust? Like one.12. Do you own a pair of skinny jeans? Several.13. What are you gonna do Saturday night? Sleep hopefully.14. What are you going to spend money on next? Food most likely.15. Are you going out with the last person you kissed? Yep.16. Do you think you’ll change in the next 3 months? For better I’d hope.17. Who do you feel most comfortable talking to about anything? Can I say myself because if so.18. The last time you felt broken? Earlier.19. Have you had sex today? Nah.20. Are you starting to realize anything? Stop talking to your ex. It does not work for any parties involved. Someone always gets hurt. 21. Are you in a good mood? Yeah.22. Would you ever want to swim with sharks? For the thrills sure.23. Are your eyes the same color as your dad’s? No.24. What do you want right this second? My mind jumped to pizza.25. What would you say if the person you love/like kissed another girl/boy? Breakup with that boy, cheating will not be tolerated in my lobby. 26. Is your current hair color your natural hair color? It is!27. Would you be able to date someone who doesn’t make you laugh? NOOO.28. What was the last thing that made you laugh? Holy shit, at Applebee’s tonight my friend Evan dropped two of his mozzarella sticks into his water by like a freak accident and I cried.29. Do you really, truly miss someone right now? Not really.30. Does everyone deserve a second chance? Sometimes.31. Honestly, do you hate the last boy you were talking to? I talk to a lot of boys, but I’m assuming this means romantically and I’m gonna say no.32. Does the person you have feelings for right now, know you do? Yes.33. Are you one of those people who never drinks soda? I’m really trying to quit guys.34. Listening to? My fan.35. Do you ever write in pencil anymore? Barely.36. Do you know where the last person you kissed is? Yep.37. Do you believe in love at first sight? Awe honey yesss.38. Who did you last call? My mom.39. Who was the last person you danced with? My friend Kaleb. 40. Why did you kiss the last person you kissed? Because I love him.41. When was the last time you ate a cupcake? Last Saturday. 42. Did you hug/kiss one of your parents today? No.43. Ever embarrass yourself in front of a crush? Multiple times.44. Do you tan in the nude? I don’t tan period.45. If you could, would you take back your last kiss? No, why y’all so obsessed with kissing?46. Did you talk to someone until you fell asleep last night? I think so.47. Who was the last person to call you? An unknown number.48. Do you sing in the shower? Nah.49. Do you dance in the car? Heck yeah.50. Ever used a bow and arrow? Yep.51. Last time you got a portrait taken by a photographer? Probably high school.52. Do you think musicals are cheesy? NO AND Y’ALL HATERS IF YOU DO.53. Is Christmas stressful? No.54. Ever eat a pierogi? I laughed, yes.55. Favorite type of fruit pie? I’m not huge on pie.56. Occupations you wanted to be when you were a kid? A firefighter. 57. Do you believe in ghosts? Yeah man.58. Ever have a Deja-vu feeling? Have I seen this question before? I’m sorry that was lame, yes I have.

59. Take a vitamin daily? Vitamin C because I refuse to get ill damnit.

60. Wear slippers? Nope.61. Wear a bath robe? Sometimes, I need a new one.62. What do you wear to bed? Usually just my underwear because you gotta be free, but not too free yo. 63. First concert? Panic! At The Disco.64. Wal-Mart, Target or Kmart? Wal-Mart.65. Nike or Adidas? Adidas.66. Cheetos Or Fritos? Fritos.67. Peanuts or Sunflower seeds? Give me the seed. Again I apologize. 68. Favorite Taylor Swift song? I don’t know her.69. Ever take dance lessons? Girl yeah.70. Is there a profession you picture your future spouse doing? A K-9 officer.71. Can you curl your tongue? For the record, I just did it just to make sure.72. Ever won a spelling bee? I cannot spell.73. Have you ever cried because you were so happy? Yes, I’m a very emotional person.74. What is your favorite book? The Great Gatsby, is that lame?75. Do you study better with or without music? Without.76. Regularly burn incense? No, gives me a headache.77. Ever been in love? Yep.78. Who would you like to see in concert? Fall Out Boy is coming in October and I swear.79. What was the last concert you saw? P!ATD80. Hot tea or cold tea? Cold.81. Tea or coffee? Tea.82. Favorite type of cookie? Macarons are cookies right?83. Can you swim well? Like a mermaid.84. Can you hold your breath without holding your nose? Cue holding breath, yes.85. Are you patient? Relatively. 86. DJ or band, at a wedding? Nah.87. Ever won a contest? Nope.88. Ever have plastic surgery? I’m like nine, no.89. Which are better black or green olives? Neither, ick.90. Opinions on sex before marriage? When the time is right and you are safe go for it, but please be responsible and don’t just have sex with anyone all the time. 91. Best room for a fireplace? Dining room.92. Do you want to get married? Yes.

[medyokaloka-blog]

THE BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS: ECF AND ICF; EDEMA

Homeostasis – maintenance

 WATER IS ADDED TO THE BODY BY 2 MAJOR SOURCES:

·         Form of liquids or water in food (which add about 2100 ml/day)

·         Synthesized in the body by oxidation of CHO (which add about 200 ml/day)

 2300 ml/day – total water intake

 INTAKE OF WATER IS HIGHLY VARIABLE DEPENDING ON:

·         Climate

·         Habits

·         Level of physical activity

 Insensible water loss – not consciously aware of it

    700 ml/day – evaporation from the respiratory tract and diffusion through the skin

    300 to 400 ml/day – average water loss by diffusion through the skin (loss is minimized by the cholesterol-filled cornified layer of the skin) is also the same with diffusion through the respiratory tract

    3 to 5 L/day – rate of evaporation in those who have extensive burns

    As air enters the respiratory tract, it becomes saturated with moisture, to a vapor pressure of about 47 mmHg, before it is expelled.

    <47 mmHg – vapor pressure of inspired air

    Decreases to nearly 0 – in cold weather (this explains why there’s a dry feeling in the respiratory passages in cold weather)

 100 ml/day – fluid loss in sweat

  Increases to 1 to 2 L/hour – in very hot weather or during heavy exercise (this fluid loss would rapidly deplete the body fluids if intake were not also increased by activating the thirst mechanism)

 100 ml/day – water loss in feces

 The remaining water loss from the body occurs in the urine.

    0.5 L/day – urine volume in a dehydrated person

    20 L/day – in a person who has been drinking tremendous amounts of water

 20 mEq/day to 300 or 500 mEq/day – sodium intake

  If you’re a medical student or a doctor, and you’re reading this…you know what are the 2 body fluid compartments right?  ECF and ICF.  Yeah, right it’s written as the title.

    ECF IS DIVIDED INTO:

·         Interstitial fluid

·         Blood plasma

    Transcellular fluid – another small compartment of fluid that is usually considered to be a specialized type of ECF (it constitute about 1 to 2 L)

    In a 70-kg adult man, the total body water is about 60% or about 42 L of the body weight.

    PERCENTAGE DEPENDS ON:

·         Age

·         Gender

·         Degree of obesity

    50% of the body weight – women

    70 to 75% of the body weight – premature and newborn babies

   28 of the 42 L (40%) – ICF

 14 of the 42 L (20%) – ECF

    11 L (3/4) – interstitial fluid

  3 L (1/4) – plasma

    They both have the same composition except for proteins which have a higher concentration in the plasma.

 Blood – considered to be a separate fluid compartment because it is contained in a chamber of its own, the circulatory system (The average blood volume of adults is about 7% of body weight, or about 5 L.  60%of the blood is plasma and 40% is RBCs.)

 Hematocrit – packed RBC volume

    3 to 4% - plasma that is entrapped among the cells

    96% - true hematocrit

    0.40 – NV for men

  0.36 – women

  0.10 – severe anemia (barely sufficient to sustain life)

  0.65 – those who have polycythemia

  I honestly don’t know what’s the definition for the Donnan Effect.  I guess (based on my understanding) it just speaks of how opposite charges attract. :)  (Please correct me if I’m wrong.)

    The concentration of cations is slightly greater in the plasma than in the interstitial fluid.  The plasma proteins have a net negative charge and therefore tend to bind cations, thus holding extra amounts of these cations in the plasma along with the plasma proteins.  

    Conversely, anions tend to have a slightly higher concentration in the interstitial fluid compared with the plasma, because the negative charges of the plasma proteins repel the anions.  

  CATIONS FOUND IN THE ECF:

·         Na+

·         Ca++

    ANIONS FOUND IN THE ECF:

·         Cl-

·         HCO3

    CATIONS FOUND IN THE ICF:

·         K+

·         Mg++

    ANIONS FOUND IN THE ICF:

·         PO4 and organic ions

·         CHON

  MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL BODY WATER:

·         Radioactive water (tritium, 3H2O)

·         Heavy water (deuterium, 2H2O)

    Antipyrine – a very lipid soluble used also to measure total body water

 MEASUREMENT OF ECF VOLUME:

·         Radioactive sodium

·         Radioactive chloride

·         Radioactive iothalamate

·         Thiosulfate ion

·         Inulin

    Sodium space or the inulin space

 CALCULATION OF INTRACELLULAR VOLUME:  Total body water – Extracellular volume

 MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA VOLUME:

·         125I-albumin

·         Evans blue dye (T-1824)

 CALCULATION OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID VOLUME:  ECF volume – Plasma volume

  MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD VOLUME:  Plasma volume / (1 – Hematocrit)

   51Cr – a substance frequently used to label the RBCs

  Osmolality – osmoles per kg of water

 Osmolarity – osmoles per L of solution

 ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS:

·         0.9% NaCl

·         5% glucose

 HYPOTONIC SOLUTION:  <0.9% NaCl (swells)

 HYPERTONIC SOLUTION:  >0.9% NaCl (shrinks)

 Fluid usually enters the body through the gut.  It usually takes 30 minutes to achieve osmotic equilibrium everywhere in the body after drinking water.  

  DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT CAN CAUSE EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR VOLUMES TO CHANGE MARKEDLY:

·         Excess ingestion or renal retention of water

·         Dehydration

·         IV infusion of different types of solutions

·         Loss of large amounts of fluid from the GI tract

·         Loss of abnormal amounts of fluid by sweating or through the kidneys

  Glucose solutions – are widely used in administering nutritive purposes (5% is often used to treat dehydration…well except for dehydration which have other causes like bacterial diarrhea)

 Homogenized fat solutions – used to a lesser extent

Plasma sodium concentration – measurement that is readily available to the clinician for evaluating a patient’s fluid status (Why?  You should probably know the answer.  You’re a doctor after all!)

    Hyponatremia – mEq < 142

    Hypernatremia – otherwise

    CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA:

·         Excess water (CONDITION THAT CAN CAUSE THIS:  excessive secretion of ADH which could lead to hyponatremia – overhydration)

·         Loss of sodium (CONDITIONS THAT CAN CAUSE THIS:  diarrhea, vomiting, overuse of diuretics, Addison’s disease from decreased secretion of aldosterone which impairs the kidney to reabsorb sodium)

    PRIMARY LOSS OF NaCl RESULTS IN:

·         Hyponatremia

·         Dehydration

    Cell swelling – consequence of hyponatremia (DUH!)

    RAPID REDUCTION IN PLASMA SODIUM CONCENTRATION:

·         Brain cell edema

·         Neurological symptoms (headache, nausea, lethargy, disorientation)

    FALLS BELOW 115 TO 120 mmol/L:

·         Seizures

·         Coma

·         Permanent brain damage

·         Death

    Glutamate (find out what is this for)

    Demyelination – loss of the myelin sheath from nerves when hypertonic solutions are added too rapidly to correct hyponatremia (AVOIDED BY LIMITING THE CORRECTION:  <10 to 12 mmol/L in 24 hours, <18mmol/L in 48 hours)

    Hyponatremia (oh boy, this came out in our Surgery exam) – most common electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical practice and may occur in up to 15% to 25% of hospitalized patients

  CAUSES OF HYPERNATREMIA:

·         Water loss

·         Excess sodium (hypernatremia-overhydration by excessive secretion of aldosterone)

    Increased aldosterone secretion – stimulates the secretion of ADH and the reason why hypernatremia is not more severe

    PRIMARY LOSS OF WATER:

·         Hypernatremia

·         Dehydration – more common cause of hypernatremia associated with decreased ECF volume

    “Central” diabetes insipidus – inability to secrete ADH so the kidneys excrete large amounts of dilute urine causing dehydration and increased concentration of NaCl in the ECF

    “Nephrogenic” diabetes insipidus – kidneys cannot respond to ADH

    Cell shrinkage – consequence of hypernatremia

    HYPERNATREMIA PROMOTES:

·         Intense thirst

·         Stimulates secretion of ADH

    SEVERE HYPERNATREMIA CAN OCCUR IN:

·         Hypothalamic lesions that impair the sense of thirst

·         Infants who may not have ready access to water

·         Elderly patients with altered mental status

·         Persons with diabetes insipidus

    CORRECTION OF HYPERNATREMIA:

·         Hypo-osmotic NaCl

·         Dextrose solutions

  Edema – presence of excess fluid in the body tissues;  occurs mainly in the ECF compartment

    CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY PRONE TO CAUSE INTRACELLULAR SWELLING:

·         Hyponatremia

·         Depression of the metabolic systems of the tissues

·         Lack of adequate nutrition to the cells

    Inflammation – usually increases cell membrane permeability

    CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY PRONE TO CAUSE EXTRACELLULAR EDEMA:

·         Abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaries

·         Failure of the lymphatics to return fluid from the interstitium back into the blood (lymphedema)

    Excessive capillary fluid filtration – most common clinical cause of interstitial fluid accumulation

    FACTORS THAT CAN INCREASE CAPILLARY FILTRATION:

·         Increased capillary filtration coefficient

·         Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

·         Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure

    Rise in CHON concentration – raises the colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid

  SUMMARY OF CAUSES OF EXTRACELLULAR EDEMA:

I          Increased capillary pressure

A.      Excessive kidney retention of salt and water (acute or chronic kidney failure, mineralocorticoid excess)

B.      High venous pressure and venous constriction (heart failure, venous obstruction, failure of venous pumps: paralysis of muscles, immobilization of parts of the body, failure of venous valves)

C.       Decreased arteriolar resistance (excessive body heat, insufficiency of sympathetic nervous system, vasodilator drugs)

 II       Decreased plasma proteins

A.      Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome)

B.      Loss of protein from denuded skin areas (burns, wounds)

C.       Failure to produce proteins (liver disease, serious protein or caloric malnutrition)

 III     Increased capillary permeability

A.      Immune reactions that cause release of histamine and other immune products

B.      Toxins

C.       Bacterial infections

D.      Vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin C

E.      Prolonged ischemia

F.       Burns

 IV     Blockage of lymph return

A.      Cancer

B.      Infections

C.       Surgery

D.      Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels

  Heart failure – one of the most serious and common causes of edema; arterial pressure tends to fall causing decreased excretion of salt and water; blood flow to the kidneys is reduced

    Renin – cause increased formation of angiotensin II and increased secretion of aldosterone, both of which cause additional salt and water retention by the kidneys

    Left-sided heart failure – blood is pumped into the lungs normally by the right side of the heart but cannot escape easily from the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart; can cause death within a few hours

    MAIN EFFECTS OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF NaCl AND WATER ARE ADDED TO THE ECF:

·         Widespread increases in interstitial fluid volume

·         Hypertension

    Acute glomerulonephritis – renal glomeruli are injured by inflammation and therefore fail to filter adequate amounts of fluid, serious ECF fluid edema also develops; along with the edema, severe hypertension usually develops

    Cirrhosis – development of large amounts of fibrous tissue among the liver parenchymal cells

    Liver cirrhosis – sometimes compresses the abdominal portal venous drainage vessels as they pass through the liver before emptying back into the general circulation

    Ascites – a condition of transudation of large amounts of fluid and protein into the abdominal cavity