#E-Axon

[battyaboutbooksreviews]

🌈 Queer Books Coming Out in December 2024 🌈

Find these books and more here.

🌈 Good afternoon, my bookish bats! Here are a FEW of the stunning, diverse queer books you can add to your TBR before the year is over. Happy reading!

❓What was the last queer book you read?

[ Release dates may have changed. ]

❤️ Sugar-Coated Kisses - Echo Lark 🧡 Christmas at Watson Memorial - Clara Ann Simons 💛 Warm-Blooded - J Greene 💚 It Takes Three To Tango - Jem Wendel 💙 The Black Curse - N.A. Moore 💜 Heavenly Tyrant - Xiran Jay Zhao ❤️ Encrypted Hearts - E.V. Bancroft 🧡 Dangerous Devotion - Robin Jo Margaret 💛 Sew in Love - Rhea Fox 💙 Saint - Chani Lynn Feener 💜 Her Ladyship's Christmas Companion - Theresa Meiningen 🌈 A Sky of Emerald Stars - A.K. Mulford

❤️ Inked in Blood and Memory - Allison Ivy 🧡 The Key - Jo Morgan Sloan 💛 Home Between Homes - Flynn Woods 💚 A Kiss for the Holidays - C.S. Autumn 💙 Loving the Linebacker - Amaya Knight 💜 Close to Home - Allisa Bahney ❤️ Christmas Shelter - Eva Gonzay & Julia C. Brown 🧡 This Isn't Everything You Are - J. Marie Rundquist 💛 Keep It in the Dark - Justin Arnold 💙 Santa & His Elf - Bink Cummings 💜 On the Subject of Kittens and Mittens - Katie Silverwings 🌈 Winter's Whisper - M Bonneau

❤️ Boyfriends - refrainbow 🧡 Innis Harbor - Patricia Evans 💛 A Complementary Connection - Eskay Kabba 💚 Point of Sighs - Melissa Scott 💙 Bind You by Blood - Shepard DiStasio 💜 The Resurrectionist - A. Rae Dunlap ❤️ Fractured Dreamer - A.K. Adler 🧡 The Husky and His White Cat Shizun - Rou Bao Bu Chi Rou 💛 Becoming Disabled - Jan Doolittle Wilson 💙 A Caress of Water - Nico Silver 💜 How to Survive As a Villain 1 - Yi Yi Yi Yi 🌈 The Silent Concubine - Qiang Tang

❤️ Hadrian - Harlowe Savage 🧡 A Series of Rooms - A.J. Barlowe 💛 Inklings of Invisibility - S.L. Dove Cooper 💚 The Cobbler and His Elves - C.B. Wren 💙 A Nightclub for the Holidays - Arden Coutts 💜 Armor of Dusk - Jess Galaxie ❤️ Twisted Shadows - Allie Therin 🧡 A Deception of Courts - Ben Alderson 💛 Trial Run - Carsen Taite 💙 How to Flirt with a Witch - Tiana Warner 💜 Roughed Up - Kate Hawthorne 🌈 House of Crimson Curses - Ruby Roe

❤️ Sister Snake - Amanda Lee Koe 🧡 Roland Rogers Isn't Dead Yet - Samantha Allen 💛 The Rivals - Jane Pek 💚 Private Rites - Julia Armfield 💙 The Christmas Switch - Briar Prescott 💜 Ribbonwood - Ruby Landers ❤️ Shifting Lanes - Joanne Kwan 🧡 Twice-Spent Comet - Ziggy Schutz 💛 A Crush for the Holidays - E.L. Ough 💙 Resist - Lasairiona Lewis 💜 Free from Falling - E.L. Massey 🌈 The Legendary Master's Wife - Yin Ya

❤️ Tide Breaker's Curse - Ivy H. Marikova 🧡 Twist Her - Terri Ronald 💛 How to Fuck Like a Girl - Vera Blossom 💚 Dog Days of Christmas - Krystal Wolfgang & Kimberly Wolfgang 💙 Warmer, Colder - Alexia Onyx 💜 Salt in the Wind - Jenna Pine ❤️ What We Carry With Us - Joseff McKenneth Goodwin 🧡 Reinvention - Karol Yan 💛 Christmas Carols - Maxime Jaz 💙 I'm Not Your Pet - Fae Quin 💜 Something Extraordinary - Alexis Hall 🌈 I Might Be in Trouble - Daniel Aleman

❤️ Deck the Palms - Annabeth Albert 🧡 Don't Get It Twisted - Wren Taylor 💛 Ice & Sweet - Charlie Novak 💚 Speak EZ - Elle E. Ire 💙 The Disabled Tyrant's Beloved Pet Fish - Xue Shan Fei Hu 💜 Horns For Hell - Rafael Nicolás ❤️ Flamboyant Fictions - Ian Fleishman 🧡 Where the Heart Is - Jenni Simonis 💛 Sorry I Kissed Your Dad - Achilles King 💙 Merry Weihnachten - E.J. Noyes 💜 An Alpha for the Holidays - Emily Axon 🌈 The Blessed - Anne Shade

❤️ Our Sinful Love - Amy H. 🧡 Gambler's Conceit - Adara Wolf & R. Phoenix 💛 Fate and Flambe - Leena Metcalfe 💚 Figure You Out - Hannah Danielle & K.F. Starfell 💙 Amaranthine - Aricka Alexander 💜 Twisted Loyalties - Barbara J. Webb ❤️ Echoes of Us - Alex Cross 🧡 The Shadowbearer's Curse - Jasmyn Morning 💛 Too Many Beds - Various 💙 We Are the Beasts - Gigi Griffis 💜 Unspoken - N.N. Britt 🌈 Rainbows After Storms - Luka Kobachi

❤️ The Shutouts - Gabrielle Korn 🧡 Robin's Worlds - Rainie Oet & Mathias Ball 💛 What the Woods Took - Courtney Gould 💚 Rescue Me - N. Slater 💙 Seb & Ailin - Michele Notaro 💜 The International Love Story - Jonas Noelting ❤️ Waterlogged - Nance Sparks 🧡 The Guardians - Sheri Lewis Wohl 💛 The Changeling's Faerie Prince - K.D. Ellis 💙 Until at Dawn We Wake - Charlotte Dalwood 💜 How to Get a Life in Ten Dates - Jenny L. Howe 🌈 Hammajang Luck - Makana Yamamoto

❤️ The Rules of Royalty - Cale Dietrich 🧡 Tired of Waiting for Tomorrow - Allison K. Garcia 💛 One Last Run - Bryce Oakley 💚 Reckless Hearts - Jax Calder 💙 Christmissed - Blythe H. Warren 💜 How Could You - Ren Strapp ❤️ Blackened - Tyler Briggs 🧡 Gratification in Gluttony - Nik Knight 💛 The Mogul Meets Her Match - Julia Underwood 💙 How to Be Heard - Roxane Gay 💜 The Case of the Missing Maid - Rob Osler 🌈 Shades of Us - D.L. Sims

[thorinsghivashel]

Glad to find familiar names in the Poetic Edda, in the Lokasenna where Loki speaks of a Myrkwood. They remind me of how cool Tolkien really was and how much the norse poetry influenced his work.

In Germanic mythology, Myrkviðr (Old Norse "dark wood" or "black forest") is the name of several European forests.

The word myrkviðr is a compound of two words. The first element is myrkr "dark", which is cognate to, among others, the English adjectives mirky and murky. The second element is viðr "wood, forest".

The name was anglicised by Sir Walter Scott (in Waverley) and William Morris (in The House of the Wolfings) and later popularized by J. R. R. Tolkien as "Mirkwood".

The name is attested as a mythical local name of a forest in the Poetic Edda poem Lokasenna, and the heroic poems Atlakviða, Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and others.

J.R.R.Tolkien comments on Myrkviðr in a letter to his eldest grandson:

"Mirkwood is not an invention of mine, but a very ancient name, weighted with legendary associations. It was probably the Primitive Germanic name for the great mountainous forest regions that anciently formed a barrier to the south of the lands of Germanic expansion. In some traditions it became used especially of the boundary between Goths and Huns. I speak now from memory: its ancientness seems indicated by its appearance in very early German (11th c.?) as mirkiwidu although the *merkw- stem 'dark' is not otherwise found in German at all (only in O[ld] E[nglish], O[ld] S[axon], and O[ld] N[orse]), and the stem *widu- > witu was in German (I think) limited to the sense of 'timber,' not very common, and did not survive into mod[ern] G[erman]. In O[ld] E[nglish] mirce only survives in poetry, and in the sense 'dark', or rather 'gloomy', only in Beowulf [line] 1405 ofer myrcan mor: elsewhere only with the sense 'murky' > wicked, hellish. It was never, I think, a mere 'colour' word: 'black', and was from the beginning weighted with the sense of 'gloom'..."

[science-lover33]

Unraveling the Wonders of the Neuron and Brain (Part 1)

Hey there, Tumblr fam! Today, let's dive deep into the intricate world of neurons and the brain. 🧠✨

Anatomy of a Neuron

Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout your body. They have a unique structure, consisting of three main parts:

Cell Body (Soma): This is like the neuron's control center. It contains the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA and controls its activities.

Dendrites: These branch-like extensions protruding from the cell body are the neuron's antennae. They receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, transmitting these signals to the cell body.

Axon: Think of the axon as the neuron's transmission line. It's a long, slender, cable-like structure that carries signals away from the cell body, toward other neurons or target cells.

At the end of the axon, you'll find axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with the next neuron or target cell.

Physiology of a Neuron

Neurons are all about transmitting information through electrical impulses and chemical signals. Here's a quick rundown:

Resting Membrane Potential: Neurons have a resting state where the inside is negatively charged compared to the outside due to the uneven distribution of ions (like sodium and potassium) across the cell membrane. This creates a potential difference called the resting membrane potential.

Action Potential: When a neuron receives a strong enough signal (usually from dendrites), it can generate an action potential—a rapid change in membrane potential. This electrical signal travels down the axon like a wave.

Synaptic Transmission: When the action potential reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, the tiny gap between neurons. These chemicals bind to receptors on the next neuron, initiating a new electrical signal.

The Marvelous Brain

Now, let's shift our focus to the brain—the command center of your entire nervous system. 🌟

Your brain consists of various regions, each with specific functions. Here are a few key areas:

Cerebrum: This is the largest part and is divided into two hemispheres, each responsible for various cognitive functions like thinking, memory, and sensory perception.

Cerebellum: Located at the back of your brain, it plays a crucial role in balance, coordination, and fine motor skills.

Brainstem: Situated at the base of the brain, it controls basic life-sustaining functions like breathing and heart rate.

Hippocampus: Essential for memory formation and storage.

Amygdala: Involved in processing emotions and emotional memories.

And there's so much more to explore!

References:

Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, M. A. (2016). "Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain." Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Purves, D., et al. (2017). "Neuroscience." Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (2012). "Principles of Neural Science." McGraw-Hill Education.

These references will provide you with in-depth insights into the fascinating world of neurons and the brain. Remember, your brain is a universe waiting to be explored! 🌌💡🔬

Stay curious, Tumblr pals! 😊🧠

[bunnywip]

𝘼-𝙕 𝙇𝙄𝙎𝙏 𝙊𝙁 𝙄𝙉𝙅𝙐𝙍𝙄𝙀𝙎/𝘼𝘾𝘾𝙄𝘿𝙀𝙉𝙏𝙎 𝙁𝙊𝙍 𝙔𝙊𝙐𝙍 𝙎𝙄𝘾𝙆𝙁𝙄𝘾𝙎/𝙒𝙃𝙐𝙈𝙋𝙎

A

Achilles tendon rupture.

Airsickness.

Aerosol burn.

Aftercare.

Appendicitis.

Asthma attack.

Abuse.

Amputation.

Abdominal pain.

Ankle sprain.

Adrenaline crash.

Aortic disruption.

Anaphylactic shock.

B

Bear trap.

Blunt kidney trauma.

Broken bone.

Buried alive.

Blood poisoning.

Backache.

Blunt cardiac injury.

Bullying.

Burn out.

Burns.

Blood sugar crash.

Black eye.

C

Concussion.

Cat bite.

Cut.

Crossfire.

Collapsing.

Coping mechanisms.

Car crash.

Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Confusion.

Carsickness.

Cavity.

Coma.

Cramps.

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Chemical burn.

Chilli burn.

Cardiac arrest.

Corneal abrasion.

Choking.

D

Drowning.

Dehydration.

Delirium.

Dangerous diet.

Diffuse axonal injury.

Dizziness.

Diarrhoea.

Dog bite.

Deafness.

Dislocations.

Diaphragmatic rupture.

E

Electric shock.

Exhaustion.

Electric burn.

Edema.

Emergency surgery.

Ear infection.

F

First-degree burn.

Flail chest.

Flash burn.

Fighting.

Fire.

Food poisoning.

Frostbite.

Fainting.

Falling from height.

Falling over.

Fear.

Friction burn.

G

Groin pull/strain.

Gunshot wound.

H

Heart attack.

Herniated disc.

Human bite.

High fever.

Home invasion.

Hypoxia.

Hyper/hypothermia.

Hernia.

Hemothorax.

Hematoma.

Heat exhaustion.

Hay fever.

Hemorrhage.

Hidden injury.

Homesickness.

Heart palpitations.

I

Infections.

Ice (slipping, falling through, etc).

Impalement.

Internal bleeding.

Indigestion.

J

Jet lag.

K

Knee dislocation.

Kidnapping.

Ketosis.

Kidney stones.

L

Laryngitis.

M

Memory loss.

Migraine.

Mutism.

Muscular atrophy.

Muscle bruise.

Muscle overuse.

Missing.

Manhandling.

Mono.

Menstrual cramps.

N

Nightmares.

Neck sprain.

Nosebleeds.

O

Open fractures.

Overdose.

Over-stimulation.

Overeating.

P

Penile fracture.

Perforated eardrum.

Poisoning.

Pulled muscle.

Psoriasis.

Pinched nerve.

Pinned.

Paralysis.

Puncture wound.

Pregnancy.

Pneumothorax.

R

Rotator cuff tear.

Rashes.

Ransom.

Rib fracture.

S

Shoulder dislocation.

Shock.

Subdrop.

Shark attack.

Stubbed toe.

Skull fracture.

Sunburn.

Sting (wasp, jellyfish, etc).

Smoke inhalation.

Self-harm.

Slipped rib.

Smoke inhalation.

Stalking.

Second-degree burn.

Stomach ulcers.

Seizures.

Starvation.

Spiked drink.

Sleepwalking.

Stab wound.

Snake bite.

Skinned flesh.

Scraped flesh.

Sleep deprivation.

Sleep paralysis.

Stitches.

Subconjunctival hemorrhages.

Stroke.

T

Traumatic aortic rupture.

Torn muscle.

Trapped.

Third-degree burn.

Touch-starved.

Torture.

Toothache.

Tuberculosis.

Traumatic asphyxia.

U

Uterine perforation.

V

Vomiting blood.

Vertigo.

W

Wisdom teeth.

Whipping.

Worked to exhaustion.

Whiplash.

Waterboarding.

Water infection.

Y

Yeast infection.

Z

Zombie apocalypse.

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 48, 2024

A virtual rodent predicts the structure of neural activity across behaviours. Aldarondo, D., Merel, J., Marshall, J. D., Hasenclever, L., Klibaite, U., Gellis, A., … Ölveczky, B. P. (2024). Nature, 632(8025), 594–602.

Biomechanical costs influence decisions made during ongoing actions. Canaveral, C. A., Lata, W., Green, A. M., & Cisek, P. (2024). Journal of Neurophysiology, 132(2), 461–469.

Regulation of reinforcement learning parameters captures long‐term changes in rat behaviour. Cinotti, F., Coutureau, E., Khamassi, M., Marchand, A. R., & Girard, B. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 60(4), 4469–4490.

Neural Representations of Sensory Uncertainty and Confidence Are Associated with Perceptual Curiosity. Cohanpour, M., Aly, M., & Gottlieb, J. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(33), e0974232024.

Temporal regularities shape perceptual decisions and striatal dopamine signals. Fritsche, M., Majumdar, A., Strickland, L., Liebana Garcia, S., Bogacz, R., & Lak, A. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 7093.

Single neuron responses to perceptual difficulty in the mouse auditory cortex. Haimson, B., Gilday, O. D., Lavi-Rudel, A., Sagi, H., Lottem, E., & Mizrahi, A. (2024). Science Advances, 10(33).

Neuronal Activity in the Gustatory Cortex during Economic Choice. Jezzini, A., & Padoa-Schioppa, C. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(33), e2150232024.

The Basic Units of Working Memory Manipulation Are Boolean Maps, Not Objects. Ji, H., Wang, K., Kong, G., Zhang, X., He, W., & Ding, X. (2024). Psychological Science, 35(8), 887–899.

A hippocampal circuit mechanism to balance memory reactivation during sleep. Karaba, L. A., Robinson, H. L., Harvey, R. E., Chen, W., Fernandez-Ruiz, A., & Oliva, A. (2024). Science, 385(6710), 738–743.

Sleep maintains excitatory synapse diversity in the cortex and hippocampus. Koukaroudi, D., Qiu, Z., Fransén, E., Gokhale, R., Bulovaite, E., Komiyama, N. H., … Grant, S. G. N. (2024). Current Biology, 34(16), 3836-3843.e5.

Divergent recruitment of developmentally defined neuronal ensembles supports memory dynamics. Kveim, V. A., Salm, L., Ulmer, T., Lahr, M., Kandler, S., Imhof, F., & Donato, F. (2024). Science, 385(6710).

Risky effort. Mason, A., Sun, Y., Simonsen, N., Madan, C. R., Spetch, M. L., & Ludvig, E. A. (2024). Cognition, 251, 105895.

Hebbian instruction of axonal connectivity by endogenous correlated spontaneous activity. Matsumoto, N., Barson, D., Liang, L., & Crair, M. C. (2024). Science, 385(6710).

Sensitivity to the Instrumental Value of Choice Increases Across Development. Nussenbaum, K., Katzman, P. L., Lu, H., Zorowitz, S., & Hartley, C. A. (2024). Psychological Science, 35(8), 933–947.

Predictive grid coding in the medial entorhinal cortex. Ouchi, A., & Fujisawa, S. (2024). Science, 385(6710), 776–784.

Hue and orientation pinwheels in macaque area V4. Parajuli, A., & Felleman, D. J. (2024). Journal of Neurophysiology, 132(2), 589–615.

Integrated Perceptual Decisions Rely on Parallel Evidence Accumulation. Rangelov, D., Fellrath, J., & Mattingley, J. B. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(33), e2368232024.

Cortico‐striatal white‐matter connectivity underlies the ability to exert goal‐directed control. van Timmeren, T., van de Vijver, I., & de Wit, S. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 60(4), 4518–4535.

Working memory constraints for visuomotor retrieval strategies. Velázquez-Vargas, C. A., & Taylor, J. A. (2024). Journal of Neurophysiology, 132(2), 347–361.

The Causes and Consequences of Drifting Expectations. Villano, W. J., Kraus, N. I., Reneau, T. R., Jaso, B. A., Otto, A. R., & Heller, A. S. (2024). Psychological Science, 35(8), 900–917.

[covid-safer-hotties]

SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells - Published Jan 4, 2024

Numerous patients experience neurological and neuromuscular symptoms during and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Apart from the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is also affected. In this study, the Italian authors investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human motor neurons (MNs) differentiated in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MNs). They also examined whether iPSC-MNs express the main receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry and whether SARS-CoV-2 infection of iPSC-MNs changes the expression of 46 genes involved in cell survival, metabolism, inflammatory response, apoptotic and antiviral pathways.

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Its genome encodes four structural proteins, namely the spike (S), envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N), and membrane (M) proteins. It seems that SARS-CoV-2 uses various neuroinvasive strategies and entry pathways to invade the nervous system, such as infection of the nasal olfactory epithelium and axonal transport along the olfactory nerve, retrograde axonal transport, invasion by compromising the blood-brain barrier, retrograde virus spread from the lungs to the CNS via the vagus nerve, and the use of infected hematopoietic cells as “Trojan horses” (hematogenous route).

It remains unknown whether observed neuromuscular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are caused by a direct viral invasion of motor neurons, and/or are a collateral injury resulting from an uncontrolled innate immune response. Damage to motor neurons leads to the deterioration of muscle function, manifested as muscle weakness, atrophy, or paralysis.

Two host-cell factors are important for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into many cell types: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is bound by the S protein, and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which cleaves the S protein, allowing this binding to take place. In addition to ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the S protein has been reported to engage other cell-surface factors proposed to serve as attachment factors promoting SARS-CoV-2 entry.

The expression level of ACE2 is low in the human brain. In contrast, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), CD147, TMPRSS2, and furin are higher and broader expressed than ACE2, indicating that they may be putative mediators of SARS-CoV-2 entry into human nervous system cells. According to the authors of this study, the infection of human motor neurons with SARS-CoV-2 mainly relies on CD147 and/or NRP1 binding. Previous studies have shown that NRP1, known to bind furin-cleaved substrates, potentiates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and that the furin-cleaved S1 subunit of the S protein binds directly to cell surface NRP1. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd2985

About the study The authors used an in vitro model of human motoneurons (MNs) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MNs) to investigate the infectability of these cells by SARS-CoV-2 and their expression of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptors. They also examined whether SARS-CoV-2 changes the expression of 46 genes involved in cell survival, metabolism, inflammatory response, and apoptotic and antiviral pathways.

The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three healthy donors (1 male and 2 females, aged between 37 and 49 years) differentiated into motor neurons that expressed both, neuronal (bIII-tubulin and SMI-312) and motoneuronal (ChAT, HB9) markers.

To verify the infectability of iPSC-MNs by SARS-CoV-2, VeroE6 cells were exposed to supernatants collected from iPSC-MNs infected with SARS-CoV-2. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of SARS-CoV-2-specific ORF7A, ORF3A, ORF8, RDRP, S, E, and N genes in uninfected (mock) and infected iPSC-MNs.

The expression of main SARS-CoV-2 receptors (ACE2, CD147, NRP1) and peptidases (TMPRSS2, furin) was assessed in iPSC-MNs infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the A549-hACE2 cells, as a positive control.

Results To validate the infectability of iPSC-MNs, VeroE6 cells were exposed to supernatants collected from infected iPSC-MNs at different time points. The results showed that supernatants collected from infected iPSC-MNs could re-infect VeroE6 cells. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2-specific genes (N, E, S, ORF3A, ORF8, and ORF7A) were detected exclusively in infected iPSC-MNs. The expression of SARS-CoV-2 N1, S1, S2, and E2 genes in infected iPSC-MNs was subsequently confirmed by rt-PCR.

The expression of SARS-CoV-2 specific N1 and N2 genes was identified in supernatants from infected iPSC-MN cultures by rt-PCR, confirming that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human motor neurons. However, the viral replication level was lower in iPSC-MNs than in VeroE6 cells. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected iPSC-MNs was not accompanied by a cytopathic effect as assessed by the crystal violet assay. In addition, the immunofluorescence assay detected N protein in infected iPSC-MNs, mainly at the perinuclear level, in the soma, and along the neurite extensions. However, the percentage of infected iPSC-MNs was very low.

Further analysis demonstrated that iPSC-MNs expressed the main entry receptors of SARS-CoV-2, including ACE2, CD147, NRP1, and TMPRSS2, but at different levels. ACE2 and furin were expressed at lower levels, whereas CD147 and TMPRSS2 were expressed at higher levels in infected iPSC-MNs compared to the control A549-hACE2 cell line. The NRP1 expression was comparable between iPSC-MNs and A549-hACE2 cells. The immunofluorescence assay for ACE2, CD147, and NRP1 confirmed these results.

In iPSC-MNs, SARS-CoV-2 infection changed the expression of 10 genes involved in cell survival, metabolism, antiviral, and inflammatory response. The virus up-regulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 family protein (BCL2), BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), caspase 8, CD147, proinflammatory interleukin-6, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, involved in the regulation of lymphocyte trafficking, brain and cardiac function, vascular permeability, and vascular and bronchial tone. The virus down-regulated the expression of human leukocyte antigen-A and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1, involved in antigen processing and presentation, and angiogenin, which exerts neuroprotective functions and contributes to the systemic response to infection.

Interestingly, an increased ratio between the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 and pro-apoptotic BAX gene suggests that programmed cell death was somehow prevented in iPSC-MNs after the infection.

Conclusion The authors concluded that this study has shown, for the first time, that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in iPSC-derived human motor neurons. However, viral replication and the percentage of infected cells were lower than in VeroE6 cells, susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.

This article was published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience.

Journal Reference Cappelletti G, Colombrita C, Limanaqi1 et al. Human motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front. Cell. Neurosci, Sec. Cellular Neuropathology. 05 December 2023. Volume 17, 2023. (Open Access) doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1285836 www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2023.1285836/full

[sayakxmi]

On today's episode of: things I drew some time ago and forgot to post: Meline Peixes-Captor (the order of the surnames purely for the PC joke). The disaster.

Originally I kinda wanted to post her with her brother, Mephor, but, well, he remains in the sketch realm, so I waited until months passed, and, anyway.

Meline's name comes from myelin, but I'm Polish so when I first thought of it I thought "osłonka mielinowa", hence the spelling. Quoting Wikipedia: "Myelin is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon." I thought it was pretty cool blend of Feferi-related stuff (life), and Sollux (electricity). Whatevs.

Her psionics are nowhere near as flashy as Sollux's, but they are extremely precise, which is partly why I like to imagine when she grows up she becomes a neurosurgeon, specializing in using her psionics in treatments.

Anyway, Mel has issues with most of her family, really. The one exception being Meenah, probably. She's idealistic, and kinda has to grasp with the fact that her parents are gods and are doing NOTHING with it, her mom especially. Like, come on, you're the goddess of life, you should be healing people, not talking about fish! Overall she's kind of frustrated with Feferi and Sollux both not using their powers for the greater good, you know, like superheroes or something. Mituna teases her all the time, and she finds him super annoying, whereas Mephor is far too passive to her liking, so it kinda leaves just Meenah for her to get along, F.

Other than that, the notes I have on her are that she has a crush on JVris kid Ceruus, she's a (takes a deep breath): ENTJ, 1w2 (The Activist), Lawful Good, Hopebound and a Derse Dreamer (Gemrius), and I'm entertaining her being a Witch of Hope, but it's not a given.

Her quirk is: no capitalization. uΣεΣ "Σ" (capital sigma) inΣtεad of "s" and "ε" (lower epsilon) inΣtεad of "e". DoublεΣ quεΣtion & εxclamation markΣ. εAΣILY AGGRIεVATεD!!

And for bonus, her troll call would be:

she came here to be uncomfortable… and to fight

all buzz no sting...

...but only half the time

[44-mr-midnight-44]

Tell me how cool I am https://decomytree.com/home?hashedId=FblTFllLhH-E

Welcome to the Pinned Post

Things that will be in said pinned post you are reading now:

♡ Disclaimers/Important info (before the cut, please read immediately)

♡ About me (can't guarantee its length, I love talking about myself)

♡ DNI (well, more just "if you qualify for this I will block you")

♡ Boundaries (not including triggers, I'm too smart for that B))

♡ Other socials/blogs (can't guarantee I'm too active on all of them!)

♡ Tags (what I tag and how to follow it)

♡ Userboxes ('cos what good pinned post doesn't have 'em?)

DISCLAIMERS!!!

(Warning, I'm going to be uncharacteristically mean for some of these. I'm not usually this hostile! This is about as mean as I get, I'm just a little too passionate about some of these.)

-I do not respond to any asks asking me for anything and/or asking me to spread anything.

-I am insanely uncomfortable with Mias World. Please don't ask me why, all you need to know is that I had a horrible experience with the fandom and several bad people in my life exploited my bad experience with the fandom to hurt me. If you were previously a fan of it but don't consider yourself a big fan/in the fandom anymore, you may interact with thin ice. If your blog is themed around it/you're currently big into it, DNI.

-Please don't come here for fresh "cringe" or if you want amusement from my account. We don't have to fight. We could probably be friends! I consider myself someone who can be reasonable, I don't mind people who I don't agree with. I'm friends with many who I would put a strong block on if I could. I like to talk and engage with ideas. We don't have to fight. Maybe you just need the change in perspective I had.

-With that said, if you ship characters with an abusive dynamic (not enemies-to-lovers, realistically-depicted abuse) get out right now. The horrific things I went through at the hands of way too many people is not your cute little uwu yaoi dynamic.

-If your name is Dakota and you like Rayman, Popee the Performer, Happy Tree Friends, Don't Hug Me I'm Scared, are a MASSIVE pro-shipper, go to a therapy school that an ex-friend helped you get into that you cut off contact with for confronting you about you hurting them, then I absolutely, irreversibly, incomprehensibly HATE you and I want absolutely nothing to do with you ever again. You ruined everything yourself, you're not some sad fanfiction protagonist that everyone hurts. And for the record, you can't use incest to "cope" when you don't have siblings you complete moron. I hate you for so many reasons I couldn't fit them in ten Google docs.

*ahem*

Alrighty, back to our regularly scheduled programming. Learn about me under the cut!

About Me

Howdy! My names AXYER. At least, that's what I prefer being called by strangers, that most likely include you!

I also go by the names Mr. Heart and Mr. Axon, but those are more friendly names. (Mr.) Heart's kinda my internet name, as well as a name that just generally makes me happy, whilst (Mr.) Axon's reserved for close friends! If you'd like to be formal, call me Mr. Midnight.

I am someone who is best described as a cartoon villain that must be someone's OC with how chaotic and unfun life is for me often. Really, I go through a hailstorm everyday! I like to think it builds character though. My life being so cartoonishly bad probably means I'm one of God's favourites, eh?

I tend to overshare quite a bit, so do bear with me! If I mistakenly say something too serious in casual conversation, assume I'm still being casual and don't be afraid to joke around and be silly with my "serious" discussion. I really mean that! Humour makes me happy, especially silly playful bullying, and if I actually needed to vent I would tell you beforehand.

I am also of the firm belief that kindness is best intended with no intent at all. I want to be a good person! I don't care for the reward of it, I just like being a good person and I just like making people happy. Nothing pleases me more than seeing other people smile because of what I did. I always try my best to engage with every infodump, and give as much feedback, comments, silly jokes and compliments I can! It really does suck when someone's clearly not interested in what you're saying, and I aspire to be a fun person to talk to!

Personal Information

Gender: Pangender (masculine-leaning, feminine-presenting)

Sexuality: Greyromantic-Panromantic Asexual (low libido, sex-indifferent in discussion sex-repulsed in activity)

Birthday: February 3rd

Religion: Buddhist, with a slight divergence in traditional Buddhist beliefs, as well as some vague Autotheistic and Pagan beliefs

Patron: It's very embarrassing so you'll have to wrestle it out of me

Height: 161 CM / 5'3"

Residence: Long Island, New York

Disorders: Cool Person Syndrome, comorbid with None of Your Business Disorder

Things I Like (structured most to least):

Hobbies: Maladaptive daydreaming, socialising, walking, writing (namely fanfiction but I love all forms of writing), coding HTML, moodboards, drawing, sleeping, comforting others, housework

Interests: Writing (characters, worldbuilding, story analysis, lyricism), psychology (most namely trauma responses), crossover AUs, butlery, ecology (namely biomes), Iceland, zoology, sociology, aesthetics, astronomy, trains

Fandoms (Primary): Chonny's Charming Chaos Compendium (primary hyperfixation), Whump, Smiling Critters, Rain World, Animator Vs. Animation, My Little Pony, FNaF, Undertale + Underverse/Undertale AUs, SCP

Fandoms (Secondary): Subnautica, Earthbound/Mother, My Little Pony: The Mentally Advanced Series/Rainbow Dash Presents, Dungeons & Dragons, Bo Burnham, Ultimate Chicken Horse, Rick and Morty, Hollow Knight, Gravity Falls, ENA, Pokémon, Bendy and the Ink Machine, Cuphead, Centaurworld, Five Nights at Candy's, Happy Tree Friends, Don't Starve, Hateful Wonderland, World of None, Warriors, OK K.O!, BoJack Horseman, Tuca & Bertie, Tally Hall/Hawaii pt II, Steven Universe, Skylanders, Octonauts, Digimon, Phighting!

Interests (favourites):

Food: Lava cake with vanilla ice cream

Drink: Brownie milkshake

Colour: Has to be a colour combo for me, otherwise it's just bland. For combo, it would have to be light purple and black.

Animal: Chickens and sheep

Season: Winter

Month: December

TV Show: Centaurworld

Video Game: Ultimate Chicken Horse

Movie: Who Framed Roger Rabbit?

Person: @nkgrimmie

Weather: Blizzarding

Clothes: Long-sleeve pyjamas, either two-pieces or nightgowns

Character: The Heart - Chonny's Charming Chaos Compendium

Song: It fluctuates a lot, but the one I always say is Good Day - Chonny Jash

Genre: A three-way tie between Supernatural Slice-of-Life, Psychological Drama, and modern Urban Fantasy

UN-Interests (least favourites):

Food: Guacamole

Drink: Tomato juice

Colour: Hot pink

Animal: Muskdeer

Season: Summer

Month: July

TV Show: Any anime

Video Game: Danganronpa

Movie: Spiderman: No Way Home

Person: @nkgrimmie

Weather: Heatwave

Clothes: Shorts

Character: I honestly can't think of one, most of the weird least favourites thus far have actual really specific reasons but I can't differentiate petty dislikes and genuine dislikes well enough 😭😭😭😭

Song: I Bet on Losing Dogs - Mitski

Genre: Most Horror and Action

Kintypes

High:

The Heart - Chonny's Charming Chaos Compendium

The Robber - Ain't no Rest for the Wicked - Chonny Jash

Villain - Archetype

Medium:

Grimmchild - Hollow Knight

Glorified Stick Figure - Fictotherian

Id Forest Volunteer - Archetype

Low:

Simon - Hawaii Pt ii

Blitzen - Santa's Reindeer

Copinglinks:

SCP-682 - SCP

The Mangle - FNaF

Synpaths: (oh boy)

Ffionn M. Fox - Still Here - Hateful Wonderland

Touille - Nightmare Critters - Poppy Playtime

Beelzebub - Helluva Boss

The Vinki - Rain World

victim - Animator Vs. Animation - Fanon

Mackenzie - Bluey

Horse - Centaurworld

Fink - OK K.O!

Batty - Ferngully and the Last Rainforest

Kitty SoftPaws - Puss in Boots

Pink Pearl - Steven Universe

Tom - Eddsworld

Skateboard - Phighting

(Character) Fundy - Dream SMP

(NOTE: I NO-LONGER SUPPORT THE DREAM SMP. I HAVE EXTREMELY FOND MEMORIES OF THE TIME IT WAS BIG AND I'M DESPERATE TO CLING ONTO THOSE GOOD MEMORIES DUE TO SEVERE TRAUMA POLLUTING MOST OF MY LIFE. I ENJOY IT SOLELY FOR THAT PURPOSE.)

Mad Mew Mew - Undertale

DNI

As previously mentioned, this is more of a "if you're blocked this is probably why". Sometimes I block just if you make me uncomfy though, no hard feelings!!!

-If I believe you are racist, transphobic, sexist, albeist, sanist, LGBTQ+phobic, religiophobic, or generally bigoted

-Zionist

-TERF

-Pro-shipper/Com-shipper/Dark-shipper/whatever they wanna be called

-Romanticise/fetishise/appropriate mental illness and/or certain forms of trauma

-Jash-shipper (don't you think it's kinda extremely weird to ship someone's ventsonas together?)

-Artimonk, Gourmonk, Survmonk, Moonstone, or slugcat x iterator shippers

-Shippers of the sad tie stick figure and the black winged red tendril stick figure. It is incredibly obvious if you know what I'm talking about. You are an absolutely disgusting person and I want nothing to do with you.

-"Syscourse"-debaters

-Political blogs

-People who love to argue/"take no BS"/"cluck around and find out"/"I don't care about you or your feelings <3" people

-People who frequently make arson jokes (for an incredibly personal reason, but it doesn't help that unoriginal + constantly repeated jokes bother me a lot to begin with)

-Cringe culture enthusiasts

-People who police around what counts as trauma/what counts as triggers

-If dark humour/more "vicious" playful bullying bothers you (just for your own comfort)

-People who unironically call people "snowflakes" or "sensitive" (the secondhand embarrassment would make most prefer to go to a TED Talk hosted by an eldritch horror)

-If your CCCC AU is centred around DID/OSDD (see: Boundaries)

Boundaries

-Please, PLEASE do not talk to me about DID/OSDD-1. PLEASE. There is NO winning on that debate on Tumblr, let alone social media in-general. You could round up a thousand people on Tumblr and ask them the same ten questions about the disorder and absolutely none of them would be the same. People with DID/OSDD-1 can interact obviously (I'm not sanist) but don't rope me into any discussion on it, it's a gamble I'm not willing to take. Full disclosure, yes, I think it's a read disorder, and yes, r/fakedisordercringe and r/systemscringe are full of hypocritical cucks. I have nothing against DID/OSDD the disorder itself just the insane amount of disagreements and arguments about it that I just do not wish to get roped into.

-Similarly, but not for the reason you expect, don't compare Chonny's Charming Chaos Compendium to DID/OSDD around me. Some… let's just say not very lovely people from my past were fond of that headcanon and posted about it a lot, and as a result it reminds me of said unsavoury people. I don't personally care about whatever and whoever you headcanon with whatever brain not-so-goodies, but that headcanon in-particular makes me extremely uncomfortable because of said un-lovely folks.

-I will ALWAYS be polite to people I am directly interacting with (maybe I'll reblog something with a not-so-nice tag but it won't be targeted at anyone specific) and I absolutely hate arguing with people. Even if you really, really don't like somebody, do not expect me to be upfront mean to them even if we are already close. It takes a lot to get me to be cross for more than a few days, so generally this won't happen with friends either. Please do not rope me into any drama you may be in.

-Please, PLEASE for the love of all things holy ask before venting to me. I am NOT always in a good headspace and often times I get extremely uncomfortable if I'm not prepared. I love consoling people, don't get me wrong, but I have to be in a good headspace first. If you vent to me without asking, you will probably only feel worse because I will probably upfront tell you not to do that instead of comforting you.

-Do not vaguepost about me. I will block you. If you have a problem with me, DM me and we will figure it out. That is incredibly disrespectful and I'm not going to do nothing and watch your followers bash me. Be respectful, for the love of all things holy.

-Please don't make comments about how "incomprehensible" my artstyle is. I know that. People tell me it enough. I'm trying to fix it.

-Don't call me a hypocrite.

Other Socials/Blogs

Socials

Bluesky - @heartchonnyjash

TikTok (Main) - @theheartfromchonnyjash / TikTok (Kin) - @burnofemotion

AO3 - @AXYER

PillowFort - @TheHeartAcoustic

Blogs

Fictionkin Blog - @thehearteccentric

Hero-Villain/Whump Blog - @elsewherereflective (trying to fix the link, bare with me)

Tags

Userboxes

[quitepossiblyknot]

Where physics and engineer meet art and neuroscience

Collector:hippocampus

Where memories are collected

A point, one-dimensional, existing in a sphere, becoming 3-dimensional, emitter, the signal from infra colliculi

A line, the base, a plane that exists, at the basilar artery

V for volume is the equivalent to the sentence that made the point, what exists in the sphere is an angle, the mention of becoming is an aspect, in this trifecta of subject matter exists an energy, frequency, and vibration

The 2nd dimension is the line, what extends outwardly, where that extent reaches is b

B with an arrow pointing back is the remembering of 2D, I being induction, the quantum mechanics*** of that act on the parahippocampal gyrus**, recalling*

Induction to C is angular momentum with parietal lobe of recollecting I with the arrow under b, the magnetic field density, Volume to C is the current to the circuit within

The last 3 sentences are a trisynaptic circuit from a current, from Ic, Ie being the trisynaptic loop and Ve being episodic memory

(C) tuned into a frequency

(E) tapped into a vibration

(B) put out a particular energy

Collector at p is the higher plane of what gathered angular momentum

Base at n is where is the emission was neutralized at length to distribute a wave form

Emitter at p is the lower plane of radiating what made active a line, the comingling of what emitted in time for linear expansion to a frequency modification and amplitude modulation

Vb, the base for the basal ganglia to behave in a manner that corresponds with angular gyrus****(angular acceleration amplifying a brain wave), as the angles that met amplitude were particles to the amplified modulus, the voluminous flux from descriptions that modified within the frequencies of the axes that orbitted as potential for 3d to be the proportion what became a shape, thus, thought form inducing a state to describe what signaled a blood circuit to crystallize a circulation where Ve is the volume of the energy to encapsulate linearity of encoded information to dispere across channels, the ion to what came to be ionic Vc, the vacuum that coordinated to aspecting the collapse of the wave function, therein, Vce < 0, the entorhinal cortex sensing the postsynaptic axon terminal ending the point, the extending of a nerve to the paraterminal gyrus to begin signaling the beginning*** of Vbe* to a brain function***** what be that as an oscillation amplified is where it is now a wavelength Vbe<0

A neural connection based on a neural current, the vein and insulat cortex from brain stem and emission expressed, from a medium spiky neuron at nucleus accumbens and the pineal gland from astroglial cells

Clearer than before and continually clearing the way

Inner engineering relative to metaphysics, the art of learning and observing

The knot quite possibly tied it all together[indefinitely]

[famousautomatondreamsrockstar]

I have really good memory and I remember every detail of everything of everyone and I remember all my dreams.

I know every word in the raw vegan dictionary and I remember all the vitamins and minerals from memory and I know what a dendrite is and hemoglobin and nuclease and mitochondria and nucleotides and beta-carotene and lysosome and metabolites and artery and axon and neurotransmitter and gaba and dopamine and oxytocin and norepinephrine and serotonin and RNA and actg and synapse I know Avogadro's number and mole and I know all the elements on the periodic table from memory and benzene ring and electron and electron orbitals and proton and neutron and quark and the second law of thermodynamics I know gravity and the speed of sound and the Doppler effect I know question hypothesis experiment results conclusion repeat I know t cell I know white blood cell I know red blood cell I know microgram, milligram, gram, kilogram I know virus bacteria mold spore mildew pathogen microorganism cortisol I know nuclear fusion and fission and atom and solar energy and solar panels I know photosynthesis and cell wall plant and cell membrane animal and transport vesicles I know ureter urethra I know plague, cure, treatment, psychiatry, I know antidepressant, antipsychotic, stimulant, sleep suppressant, I know expectorant, I know laxative, I know diuretic, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, mammal, reptile, insect, fish, avian, predator, prey, endogenous, exogenous, malignant, benign I know spine femur bicep tricep glutes shin pectoral abdomen arachnid exoskeleton vertebrate invertebrate the Mohs hardness scale amnesia CAT scan thermal imaging gamma ray microwave radiowave infrared ultraviolet emulsification forearm allele dominant trait melanin plasma Wi-Fi fiber optics cable e = mC² radius diameter pi algorithm √ exponent algebra area of a circle formula isosceles scalene equilateral acute obtuse lava magma bedrock sedimentary rock igneous rock metamorphic rock metamorphosis incubation pap smear uterus fallopian tube maxi pad.

[swanno-arts]

👀 🤲 any details about your fallout au gamer

GRIPS YOUR SHOULDERS. can i talk about cygnus and formes' downfalls? can i talk about them being what they once HATED???

okay so this got WAY TOO LONG, I have to splice this into two so here's Cygnus' bit under the cut first!! I'll reblog this and add Formes' after!!

[CW mention of gun violence/injuries and suicide]

Cygnus and The Balancing Act SO, Cygnus! He's the sixth courier from the Mojave Express tasked to deliver packages to Mr. House. Only he has the actual package, the Platinum Chip and because of that he got fucked over by Benny and his gang and was almost left for dead. Thankfully Doc Mitchell saved him even though he has to live with losing one eye and a dreadful amnesia.

Cygnus goes on a wild goose chase to retrieve the package he lost and ends up later in New Vegas. Though he HATED New Vegas as someone who had to survive the hard way and see people die just trying to live while these people are getting high off their asses gambling everything the have. Meeting Mr. House did not make anything better. Distraught and overwhelmed, he told Swanno and Axon (his companions, Swan once being a thief in Primm and Axon being Courier Two) that he'd need some time alone to walk off the stress and that he'll deal with Benny when he's in the right mind to talk things through.

Though, on his lonesome, Cygnus just ends up stumbling into MORE problems. Such as having his entire spine, heart and brain swapped with cybernetics in Old World Blues (though he did get a cool new cybernetic robot eye just because one of the Think Tank guys didn't like an empty face hole?). Got in an entire argument with his own brain and decided to LEAVE it. He's growing more and more distraught and exhausted. My GOD he just want to get this all over with.

THEN, the big kicker, Lonesome Road. Cygnus stumbled into the Divide, and although the place seemed familiar to him, his amnesia just couldn't pin it down. Though, you can IMAGINE the amount of emotions going on in him when he learned that the entire destruction and the creation of the Divide was HIS FAULT. He gave birth to its community, he kept the community alive and YET, it was also him to bring it to its demise. He caused so much hell and he WALKED FREE AWAY FROM IT. Cygnus grew so distraught that he couldn't convince Ulysses to not fire the missile without going down in a fight. As if killing a fellow courier wasn't enough, having to see ED-E sacrifice itself to stop the missile just broke him entirely. He fled the Divide a changed man completely. With the Old Glory in his hands, he decided he'll right the wrongs.

Cygnus returned to New Vegas and stormed into The Tops. Getting access to Benny's room, he waited before he ambushed the poor guy and starts to beat him up senselessly. When Benny begged for mercy, Cygnus shot him twice, on the forehead and on the eye. Snatching the Platinum Chip (and one fun little encounter with Yes Man) he returned to House, demanding his pay (curse his People Pleaser perk, he can't bargain beyond 1000 caps). When House elaborates his plan with the chip, Cygnus simply did as told as he later activated the Securitons (and maybe fuck over Caesar while he's at it). Returning to New Vegas however, he betrays both Yes Man and House, killing House with the strike of the Old Glory. Manipulating his cybernetics, he gains control to House' systems and uses it to control his securitrons in the Battle of Hoover Dam. New Vegas, now independent... sike! Manipulating his cybernetics even more, Cygnus literally wires himself into the system ala House, taking over completely. He enacts what he calls The Balancing Act, a rule for all of New Vegas and the Mojave that EVERYONE is going to live an equal life. There won't be a poor nor a rich, SOMEHOW, everyone has to be in the middle grounds of it. He though YEAH that'll fix everything and everyone's gonna live happily ever after!

Except, no, it can't work that way. The act was so vague and this imaginary middle ground is even vaguer. The Balancing Act was a complete failure and people were MAD about it, but Cygnus... ahem, Mr. Six, had grown oblivious about it while he played dictator and House Part 2. The more people protest or slightly go off the balance, Six would sic a bot on them. Swanno and Axon got wind to the whole crap and when they learned it was CYGNUS that's behind all this, oh boy what the HELL and HOW THE THE HELL did that happened. They tried confronting him once, and Six was kind enough to offer them to stay in the Lucky 38 for several months because hey we're friends and I love you both dearly wanna be my second and third in commands? No? After everything I did for you two? Get out. They both got booted out and oh boy this cannot go on. So both Swanno and Axon planned to confront Six once more.

Axon created a rouse to distract the securitrons while Swanno sneaks his way back into the Lucky 38. Fucking around with the terminals, he finally gained access to where Six was expecting him. Six will threaten Swanno to back out, saying it was for her own good. After debates of the Balancing Act's failure and lots of emotional hell, Six decided that if Swanno won't listen, she can just try to kill him if that's what she wanted so badly. From here, there would be several options.

First Bad End, Swanno chooses to attack Six, initiating a fight. Swanno kills Six and severed his connection to the system, bringing New Vegas and the Mojave back to independence. ... Though, with Six dead, so was Cygnus.

Second Bad End, Swanno tries to reason with Six but failed to pass the needed checks. This will end up with a fight that would also end in Six's death.

Through difficult checks, Swanno manages to reason with Six and convince him to see what he had brought upon. Seeing the reality of the Act, Cygnus snaps back and drops the Six facade. Falling back, he broke into a break down, completely distraught that he was (once again) bringing destruction, this time by his own choice. Swanno attempts to comfort him, but Cygnus insisted that she shouldn't be near him as he tries to sever himself off the system - tripping the security systems as it registered himself being attacked. After disarming the security (through combat), Cygnus finally severs himself off the system, cutting off his control over the securitrons. Swanno attempts to comfort Cygnus once more as he broke down into a sob. Cygnus mentions that what he had done cannot be fixed and he should pay for what he had done. There was no righting his wrongs anymore. Again, Swanno would be given several options to end Cygnus' dilemma.

Third Bad End, either by allowing him or failing to convince him otherwise, Cygnus would commit suicide, claiming death was the only way he could repay everything he had done (referring to not only The Balancing Act, but to the Divide as well).

The Good End, Swanno convinces Cygnus not to take his own life. Instead, he tells him that if he really wanted to disconnect himself to his deeds he could leave (read: exile himself from) the Mojave altogether. Cygnus takes the suggestion but tells Swanno that he'll be going alone, unable to bear the possibility of hurting them again. Swanno refuses and insist that she and Axon would travel with him. Cygnus finally relents and the three of them would make their escape out of New Vegas and the Mojave completely. (Who runs New Vegas now? Who knows, maybe Yes Man came around lol)

The three would end up as wanderers in the greater wastelands with no real destination in mind. Cygnus still finds it hard to disconnect himself from what happened... but he's trying. Really hard.

On their mile long journey across what's left of America... they encounter a peculiar man with his Mr. Handy companion... and a strange feeling of an always lurking gaze.

[explodingsillycat]

gang i’m bouta go on a big fat ramble about miracle musical art of MY interpretation that makes no sense cuz i can

CW!: Mention of st*bbing (a), unsettling thoughts (?), small mention of animal sl*ughter (a), small mention of D*vil (e), implications of insanity (?)

Stella + Simon :]

1: Stella!!1 - Inside her head during “Murders” (Conceptualized Art of her thoughts/brain, kinda)

-Swirls, Spinning, Dizzying, Dark

She’s so confused, her head reeling, a blur almost. Why would he say such confusing, terrifying things? Going on about how if they die together, then they’ll be together forever! Where was the sweet, charming man who always reassured her, comforted her, who loved her?!

Did he get lost in the forest?

Why was he talking so fast? His words nearly gumbling together, why does he look so hysterical?! His voice was flat, almost emotionless, yet quick, panicked almost.

She was terrified. Maybe the most she’s ever been in her life. What a strange thing, your emotions being heighten around your love. Never would she imagine she’d make her feel so scared. It’s suppose to be that he makes her so much more happy.

She tried to look into his eyes - it was difficult with the dark shadows in contrast to the bright moon.

His eyes were only darting all over her, tracking every single movement she made. Was he aware she was so terrified?!

Yes.

“We must. It’s necessary. We must be together. Together. Together forever.”

???????

Why would the love of her life stab her?

2: Simon!!1! - Inside the Mind of Simon (Ta—💥💥) during “The Mind Electric” (Same Thing W/ Stellaaa)

-Scattered Sparks, Electric Line (idk gang look at the photo), Dark, Sharp

Where Am I? Where is he? Where were they? Who are they? Who is he? What is this?

Where is She?

Are you an animal? A pig to the slaughter?

Where am I? Am I even here?

He was so confused, scared—

What is this on my head?

I DON’T KNOW WHAT’S WRONG WITH ME

.ESAELP ,EM PLEH

Who am I?

Please, I didn’t want to. I didn’t mean to.

“AXON DENDRITE Help Me! AXON DENDRITE Help Me! AXON DENDRITE Help Me!”

SEE.

“Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT for short) is a treatment that involves sending an electric current through your brain.”

Save (me) us.

Stella, my love, I am truly sorry. Forgive me.

H u m m i n g

“It’s the devil! The devil is within that boy!”

Why?

[bpod-bpod]

Laying Down Axons

To send a message between nerve cells, a signal needs to leave the terminal of one, cross the space called a synapse, before arriving at the next. Like a train following the tracks to reach the correct destination. These tracks are laid down when our brains are developing, but what controls exactly where was unclear. Researchers have revealed in fruit flies that interactions between axons – nerve fibres – in the central nervous system contribute to where synapses are positioned. Pain-sensing neurons (magenta) normally form a ladder-like arrangement (the rails and sleepers), whereas touch-sensing neurons (green) mainly form along the rails but don’t cross the middle (top panel). Each type of neuron has their own zone. Researchers disrupted the ability of pain-sensing neurons to form their usual pattern and found that more touch-sensing neurons could now cross the middle (bottom panel), showing how axons work together to lay down the correct patterns.

Written by Sophie Arthur

Image from work by Samantha E. Galindo and colleagues

Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Development, March 2023

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[science-lover33]

Delving Deeper into Neuron Anatomy and Brain Functionality (Part 2)

Welcome back, Tumblr enthusiasts! In Part 1, we took our first steps into the neuron and brain universe. Now, let's journey further into their astonishing anatomy and intricate physiology. 🌌💡

Now that we've dived even deeper into the neuron's inner workings and explored more brain regions, I hope you're as captivated as I am by the wonders of neuroscience. Continue to feed your curiosity and stay tuned for more brainy adventures! 🧠

Neuron Anatomy (Continued)

Myelin Sheath: Wrapped around many axons, this fatty insulating layer is like the neuron's protective armor. It speeds up the transmission of electrical signals by allowing them to "jump" from one gap in the myelin sheath, called the Nodes of Ranvier, to the next. Think of it as a high-speed neural highway.

Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes: These specialized cells produce the myelin sheath. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells individually wrap around axons. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes extend processes to multiple axons, forming myelin sheaths around them.

Sensory and Motor Neurons: Neurons aren't one-size-fits-all; they come in different shapes and sizes. Sensory neurons (afferent) bring sensory information from your body and surroundings to your brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons (efferent) carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, allowing you to move and react.

Neuron Physiology (Continued)

Neurotransmitters: These chemical messengers are the key to communication between neurons. When an action potential reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. These molecules bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron, initiating or inhibiting a new electrical signal, depending on the neurotransmitter type.

Synaptic Plasticity: Neurons can change the strength of their connections through a phenomenon called synaptic plasticity. This allows us to adapt and learn. Two important types include long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens synapses, and long-term depression (LTD), which weakens them.

Brain Functionality (Continued)

Thalamus: Often called the "relay station," the thalamus acts as a switchboard, directing sensory information (except for smell) to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for further processing.

Hypothalamus: This small but mighty structure regulates many essential functions, including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the body's internal clock (circadian rhythms).

Frontal Cortex: Located in the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, this region is responsible for higher cognitive functions like decision-making, planning, reasoning, and personality.

Temporal Lobes: These are crucial for auditory processing and memory. The hippocampus, nestled deep within the temporal lobes, is essential for forming new memories.

References

Purves, D., et al. (2017). "Neuroscience." Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (2012). "Principles of Neural Science." McGraw-Hill Education.

[brandwhorestarscream]

Well, I got one person that said yes to the previous post, and that's technically 100% of the vote, so here is the entire list, in alphabetical order, of the Terran Task Force, complete with their ID code. Put under the cut because. Obviously 😂

Which one is your favorite? I'm dying to know 😊 send me all of your thoughts cuz Primus knows I'll need help developing these bitties

Accelerator (A-1)

Ace (A-2)

Aero (A-3)

Alkaline (A-4)

Allele (A-5)

Ammunition (A-6)

Ampere (A-7)

Antiseptic (A-8)

Arrowhead (A-9)

Ashfall (A-10)

Atlas (A-11)

Atom (A-12)

Aurturius Maximus (A-13)

Axis (A-14)

Axon (A-15)

Backstab (B-1)

Backstrike (B-2)

Barrier (B-3)

Baseline (B-4)

Bastion (B-5)

Blazewing (B-6)

Blockade (B-7)

Bodybag (B-8)

Boombox (B-9)

Brainwash (B-10)

Breakcheck (B-11)

Breeze (B-12)

Broadcast (B-13)

Bullseye (B-14)

Catacomb (C-1)

Catalyst (C-2)

Chainsaw (C-3)

Chisel (C-4)

Cirrus (C-5)

Clearsky (C-6)

Clearwater (C-7)

Cliffclimber (C-8)

Clockwork (C-9)

Constellation (C-10)

Cremator (C-11)

Crossbow (C-12)

Crossflare (C-13)

Crypt (C-14)

Cutlass (C-15)

Cyclone (C-16)

Dart (D-1)

Daybreaker (D-2)

Debris (D-3)

Demo (D-4)

Detonator (D-5)

Double Dash (D-6)

Double Dutch (D-7)

Downburst (D-8)

Dropkick (D-9)

Earthquake (E-1)

Echolalia (E-2)

Echolocate (E-3)

Enigma (E-4)

Equation (E-5)

Figment (F-1)

Firefly (F-2)

Flamethrower (F-3)

Flashflood (F-4)

Flashfreeze (F-5)

Flourescence (F-6)

Fogbank (F-7)

Fragment (F-8)

Freelance (F-9)

Frostbyte (F-10)

Froststar (F-11)

Gadget (G-1)

Galaxy (G-2)

Gasket (G-3)

Gauge (G-4)

Galvanize (G-5)

Geocache (G-6)

Glaciate (G-7)

Glaive (G-8)

Goldstrike (G-9)

Greenbeam (G-10)

Gripper (G-11)

Hailstone (H-1)

Hailstorm (H-2)

Handsaw (H-3)

Hardcore (H-4)

Hazmat (H-5)

Hellraiser (H-6)

High Dive (H-7)

Highwire (H-8)

Horizon (H-9)

Hyperdrive (H-10)

Ice Storm (I-1)

Igneous (I-2)

Ignition (I-3)

Illusion (I-4)

Illusory (I-5)

Imager (I-6)

Imperius (I-7)

Iodine (I-8)

Jailbreak (J-1)

Javelin (J-2)

Jumpdrive (J-3)

Jumpstart (J-4)

Keynote (K-1)

Kinetic (K-2)

Killswitch (K-3)

Lacerate (L-1)

Latticework (L-2)

Levellor (L-3)

Lightning (L-4)

Lightspeed (L-5)

Lobotomy (L-6)

Lookout (L-7)

Mach-3 (M-1)

Mach-4 (M-2)

Mach-5 (M-3)

Magma (M-4)

Maze (M-5)

Microbe (M-6)

Mirror (M-7)

Mistcover (M-8)

Molotov (M-9)

Myriad (M-10)

Network (N-1)

Neurotoxin (N-2)

Nightbuster (N-3)

Nightfall (N-4)

Nightwatch (N-5)

Nimbus (N-6)

Nocturne (N-7)

Noisemaker (N-8)

Nucleus (N-9)

Oasis (O-1)

Operate (O-2)

Orbit (O-3)

Overboard (O-4)

Overcast (O-5)

Overflow (O-6)

Paladin (P-1)

Paradox (P-2)

Patchwork (P-3)

Pathfinder (P-4)

Pendulum (P-5)

Permafrost (P-6)

Petri Dish (P-7

Phalanx (P-8)

Phobia (P-9)

Pipette (P-10)

Pitfall (P-11)

Placebo (P-12)

Quantum (Q-1)

Quicksand (Q-2)

Quickshot (Q-3)

Radiowave (R-1)

Raindance (R-2)

Rainglow (R-3)

Ratio (R-4)

Resevoir (R-5)

Riptide (R-6)

Roundhouse (R-7)

Sabotage (S-1)

Scoria (S-2)

Serpentine (S-3)

Shatter (S-4)

Shuriken (S-5)

Silhouette (S-6)

Skyline (S-7)

Skyscape (S-8)

Skysplitter (S-9)

Snapshot (S-10)

Snowglow (S-11)

Snowshower (S-12)

Sonar (S-13)

Soundblaster (S-14)

Spectroscope (S-15)

Spectrum (S-16)

Spillover (S-17)

Spire (S-18)

Spritz (S-19)

Squall (S-20)

Static (S-21)

Storm Cell (S-22)

Storm Warning (S-23)

Stratus (S-24)

Stunt Double (S-25)

Subatomic (S-26)

Sunshower (S-27)

Sunwave (S-28)

Supercell (S-29)

Supernova (S-30)

Swiftwind (S-31)

Symmetry (S-32)

Synthwave (S-33)

Syringe (S-34)

Tarot (T-1)

Thunderstorm (T-2)

Tidbit (T-3)

Tornado (T-4)

Trailfire (T-5)

Traintrack (T-6)

Transfusion (T-7)

Tripwire (T-8)

Tsunami (T-9)

Twirl (T-10)

Ultrasound (U-1)

Ultraviolet (U-2)

Uprise (U-3)

Vaccine (V-1)

Vantage Point (V-2)

Vaportrail (V-3)

Vaporwave (V-4)

Vial (V-5)

Void (V-6)

Warpgate (W-1)

Washaway (W-2)

Weathervane (W-3)

Whiplash (W-4)

Whistlestop (W-5)

Whiteout (W-6)

Widget (W-7)

Windchime (W-8)

Windcutter (W-9)

Windfall (W-10)

Windspirit (W-11)

Workshop (W-12)

Xenolith (X-1)

Xylophone (X-2)

Yellowcard (Y-1)

Yellowjacket (Y-2)

Zigzag (Z-1)

Zipzap (Z-2)

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 40, 2024

Impact of Extracellular Current Flow on Action Potential Propagation in Myelinated Axons. Abdollahi, N., & Prescott, S. A. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(26), e0569242024.

Prefrontal coding of learned and inferred knowledge during REM and NREM sleep. Abdou, K., Nomoto, M., Aly, M. H., Ibrahim, A. Z., Choko, K., Okubo-Suzuki, R., … Inokuchi, K. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 4566.

Distinct basal ganglia contributions to learning from implicit and explicit value signals in perceptual decision-making. Balsdon, T., Pisauro, M. A., & Philiastides, M. G. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5317.

Hebbian priming of human motor learning. Bjørndal, J. R., Beck, M. M., Jespersen, L., Christiansen, L., & Lundbye-Jensen, J. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5126.

The well‐worn route revisited: Striatal and hippocampal system contributions to familiar route navigation. Buckley, M., McGregor, A., Ihssen, N., Austen, J., Thurlbeck, S., Smith, S. P., … Lew, A. R. (2024). Hippocampus, 34(7), 310–326.

Ouvrai opens access to remote virtual reality studies of human behavioural neuroscience. Cesanek, E., Shivkumar, S., Ingram, J. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(6), 1209–1224.

Two distinct networks for encoding goals and forms of action: An effective connectivity study. Di Cesare, G., Lombardi, G., Zeidman, P., Urgen, B. A., Sciutti, A., Friston, K. J., & Rizzolatti, G. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(26), e2402282121.

Conductance-based dendrites perform Bayes-optimal cue integration. Jordan, J., Sacramento, J., Wybo, W. A. M., Petrovici, M. A., & Senn, W. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(6), e1012047.

Subpopulations of neurons in the perirhinal cortex enable both modality-specific and modality-invariant recognition of objects. Lim, H.-Y., & Lee, I. (2024). PLOS Biology, 22(6), e3002713.

Hippocampal and orbitofrontal neurons contribute to complementary aspects of associative structure. Lin, H., & Zhou, J. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5283.

A vast space of compact strategies for effective decisions. Ma, T., & Hermundstad, A. M. (2024). Science Advances, 10(25).

The direction of theta and alpha travelling waves modulates human memory processing. Mohan, U. R., Zhang, H., Ermentrout, B., & Jacobs, J. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(6), 1124–1135.

Mental navigation in the primate entorhinal cortex. Neupane, S., Fiete, I., & Jazayeri, M. (2024). Nature, 630(8017), 704–711.

Low and high beta rhythms have different motor cortical sources and distinct roles in movement control and spatiotemporal attention. Nougaret, S., López-Galdo, L., Caytan, E., Poitreau, J., Barthélemy, F. V., & Kilavik, B. E. (2024). PLOS Biology, 22(6), e3002670.

Striatal Dopamine Contributions to Skilled Motor Learning. Phillips, C. D., Hodge, A. T., Myers, C. C., Leventhal, D. K., & Burgess, C. R. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(26), e0240242024.

Visuo-motor updating in individuals with heightened autistic traits. Pomè, A., & Zimmermann, E. (2024). eLife, 13, e94946.3.

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep. Schreiner, T., Griffiths, B. J., Kutlu, M., Vollmar, C., Kaufmann, E., Quach, S., … Staudigl, T. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5249.

Disruption of dopamine D2/D3 system function impairs the human ability to understand the mental states of other people. Schuster, B. A., Sowden, S., Rybicki, A. J., Fraser, D. S., Press, C., Hickman, L., … Cook, J. L. (2024). PLOS Biology, 22(6), e3002652.

A prefrontal motor circuit initiates persistent movement. Wang, Y., & Sun, Q.-Q. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5264.

Decomposition of an odorant in olfactory perception and neural representation. Ye, Y., Wang, Y., Zhuang, Y., Tan, H., Zuo, Z., Yun, H., … Zhou, W. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(6), 1150–1162.