#Charles Emmanuel I

[tiny-librarian]

Portrait of Maria Apollonia of Savoy, the 7th of 10 children born to Charles Emmanuel I and Catalina Micaela of Spain. She and her younger sister, Francesca Caterina, would both become nuns.

[mai-von-weissenfels]

I drew all 26 of Napoleon's marshals

[0urgraciousqueen]

jacobite pretenders/heir-generals of the jacobites

[camillasgirl]

King Charles III and Queen Camilla arrive for a State Banquet hosted in their honour at Versailles, Paris, France, 20.09.2023

[sleepingthroughmyproblems]

So Macron is having dinner with Charles III next Monday in Versailles...first of all, the jokes literally write themselves but also...two birds...one stone.......lots to think about

[psychicreadsgirl]

Pick a Novel: Keywords/prominent themes in your life

Pick the novel that draws your attention the most. If you can't decide between two, then look at the 2 readings. This is a general reading, so not everything will apply. Please take what resonates and leave what doesn't behind!

#1

Keywords: love, lust, passion, fun, temperament, cafe, sweet, bicycle, pen, books, music, loyalty, winter, sofa, furniture, thoughts, light, intuition, soulmate, art, obsidian, cake, carbonated water, skincare, socks, cooking

Celebrities/Public Figures: Audrey Hepburn, Min Yoongi, IU, Claude Monet, Angela Merkel, Andrew Carnegie, John Johnson, Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Page, Howard Schultz, Sam Walton, Amancio Ortega, Queen Elizabeth I, Jane Austen, Jennie Kim

Countries: Italy, Canada, South Africa, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Greece, Madagascar, Qatar, Sweden, Zambia, Taiwan, Solomon Islands

Numbers: 11, 1, 5, 9, 80, 888, 6

Brands: Hermes, Tiffany, Apple, Instagram, Taobao, Lamborghini, Deloitte, Microsoft, Chopard, Givenchy, Patek Phillipe, Chloe, Alaia, Kraft,

Kpop songs: Young Forever by BTS, Shine by PENTAGON, Me Gustas Tu by GFRIEND, Run to You by DJ DOC, Love Lee by AKMU, Deja vu by TXT, Back Down by P1Harmony, Love shot by EXO

#2

Keywords: economy, job loss, new opportunities, play, drama, anger, frustration, lost, compass, computers, battery, feet, head, brain, summer, pearl, avocado, junk food, fried chicken, challenge, frugal

Celebrities/Public Figures: Grace Kelly, Billie Eilish, Keanu Reeves, Rosé, Jung Hoseok, Salma Hayek, Pablo Picasso, Princess Diana, Thomas Edison, Sergey Brin, Mary I, William Shakespeare, Lee Nayeon

Countries: New Zealand, USA, Maldives, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Lithuania, Nepal, Portugal, Poland, Lebanon, Mali, Netherlands

Numbers: 4, 99, 101, 33, 13, 14, 0

Brands: Masion Margiela, Amazon, facebook, Shein, PWC, Missoni, Moschino Couture, Toyota, citi bank, Chaumet, Polene, Pizza Hut,

Kpop songs: Love Dive by IVE, Shangri-la by VIXX, Sweety by Clazziquai, I NEED U by BTS, The Chaser by Infinite, Magnetic by ILLIT, My House by 2PM, ICY by ITZY

#3

Keywords: tales, gossip, lies, funny, movies, theatre, cell phone, cool, kpop, magenta, ancient, history, claws, cats, tiger, fall, jealousy, games, aquamarine, lemons, makeup, pencil, groceries

Celebrities/Public Figures: Beyonce, Lady Gaga, Morgan Freeman, Kim Seokjin, Jang Wonyoung, Matt Damon, Napoleon Bonaparte, Shinzo Abe, Steve Jobs, Voltaire, Kim Jisoo,

Countries: Ethiopia, France, Russia, Ireland, Argentina, Afghanistan, Libya, Rwanda, Nigeria, Pakistan, Morocco, Malta, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Iraq,

Numbers: 2, 7, 69, 25, 55, 79, 1182

Brands: Saint Laurent, miumiu, Starbucks, Mercedez-Benz, Nestle, Oracle, Tod's, Bulgari, Rolex, KFC, SUBWAY, Carrefour, Kellog's

Kpop songs: Supernova by aespa, Maestro by seventeen, Not by the moon by GOT7, Alone by Sistar, Hip by MAMAMOO, Good Day by IU, Bite Me by ENHYPEN, Work by ATEEZ, The Feels by TWICE

#4

Keywords: foreign, spicy, peppery, rice, no, objection, resistance, control, storms, thunderstorms, shower, tension, crush, pop, paper, mango, legs, fragrance, emerald, clothing rack, tomatoes, defeat,

Celebrities/Public Figures: Judy Garland, Margot Robbie, G-Dragon, Jeon Jungkook, Pharrell Williams, Emmanuel Macron, Bill Clinton, King Charles, Warren Buffet, Cleopatra, Kim Mingyu

Countries: South Korea, Philippines, Scotland, Spain, Albania, Guatemala, Malaysia, Iran, Romania, Honduras, Georgia, Croatia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Gambia, Guinea

Numbers: 31, 75, 412, 43, 486, 640

Brands: Chanel, Prada, Bentley, Gucci, Samsung, Disney, BMW, Hyundai, cisco, Van Cleefs & Arpels, Dior, Loro Piana, Shake Shack

Kpop songs: Gee by SNSD, If you by BIGBANG, Antifragile by LE SSERAFIM, Up and Down by EXID, OMG by NewJeans, Lion by (G)I-DLE, Hello by TREASURE,

#5

Keywords: death, mystery, mirror, reflection, shadow, black, grey, white, funeral, video, sprint, pool, gym, streets, metro, subway, chocolate, broken, knees, moon, ruby, surgery, teeth, race

Celebrities/Public Figures: Marilyn Monroe, Barack Obama, Kate Winslet, Kim Taehyung, Aamir Khan, Marie Antoinette, Elon Musk, Robert F Kennedy, Jeff Bezos, Richard Branson, Edward VIII, Charles Dickens, Abraham Lincoln, Park Bogum,

Countries: North Korea, China, Vietnam, Brazil, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Germany, India, Israel, Laos, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Mongolia

Numbers: 3, 97, 17, 19, 52, 98

Brands: Ralph Lauren, Celine, Ferrari, Huawei, Uber, intel, UPS, Calvin Klein, Piaget, Guerlain, Berluti, Pepsi, Cadbury

Kpop songs: Shut down by Blackpink, Seven by Jeon Jungkook, God's Menu by Stray Kids, Love Love Love by Epik High, Very Nice by SEVENTEEN, Birthday by Jeon Somi, Psycho by Red Velvet,

#6

Keywords: travel, toxic, break away, departure, memory, dreams, truth, unveil, diary, journal, coffee, jacket, shoes, hands, social media, news, competition, autumn, diamonds, electricity, TV, cheat, fashion

Celebrities/Public Figures: Jane Birkin, Kim Jiwon, Gigi Hadid, Charlize Theron, Park Jimin, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Maximilien Robespierre, Bill Gates, Queen Elizabeth II, Vladimir Putin, Henry Ford, James Joyce, Lalisa Manobal

Countries: Japan, Australia, Mexico, Iceland, Finland, Eritrea, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Bolivia, Botswana, Bahamas,

Numbers: 8, 646, 152, 37, 49, 22

Brands: Louis Vuitton, Lexus, Tesla, Fendi, Walmart, Nike, Siemens, Google, Cartier, Burberry, Ferragamo, Burger King, Unilever

Kpop songs: ROCKSTAR by LISA, Cherry bomb by NCT 127, Move by Taemin, Dramarama by MONSTA X, Love Scenario by iKON, Get a Guitar by RIIZE, Replay by SHINee, Candy Sugar Pop by ASTRO, Mr. Simple by Super Junior

[sankofaspirit]

In Rastafari, particularly within the Bobo Ashanti Mansion, the trio of Marcus Garvey, Haile Selassie I, and King Emmanuel Charles Edwards is known as Rastafari Holy Trinity or the Black Christ Trinity. It represents prophet (Garvey), king (Selassie), and priest (Edwards), symbolizing liberation, divinity, and spiritual leadership.

[napoleonic-sexyman-tournament]

Friends, enemies, comrades, Jacobins, Monarchist, Bonapartists, gather round. We have an important announcement:

The continent is beset with war. A tenacious general from Corsica has ignited conflict from Madrid to Moscow and made ancient dynasties tremble. Depending on your particular political leanings, this is either the triumph of a great man out of the chaos of The Terror, a betrayal of the values of the French Revolution, or the rule of the greatest upstart tyrant since Caesar.

But, our grand tournament is here to ask the most important question: Now that the flower of European nobility is arrayed on the battlefield in the sexiest uniforms that European history has yet produced (or indeed, may ever produce), who is the most fuckable?

The bracket is here: full bracket and just quadrant I

Want to nominate someone from the Western Hemisphere who was involved in the ever so sexy dismantling of the Spanish empire? (or the Portuguese or French American colonies as well) You can do it here

The People have created this list of nominees:

France:

Jean Lannes

Josephine de Beauharnais

Thérésa Tallien

Jean-Andoche Junot

Joseph Fouché

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

Joachim Murat

Michel Ney

Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (Charles XIV of Sweden)

Louis-Francois Lejeune

Pierre Jacques Étienne Cambrinne

Napoleon I

Marshal Louis-Gabriel Suchet

Jacques de Trobriand

Jean de dieu soult.

François-Étienne-Christophe Kellermann

17.Louis Davout

Pauline Bonaparte, Duchess of Guastalla

Eugène de Beauharnais

Jean-Baptiste Bessières

Antoine-Jean Gros

Jérôme Bonaparte

Andrea Masséna

Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle

Germaine de Staël

Thomas-Alexandre Dumas

René de Traviere (The Purple Mask)

Claude Victor Perrin

Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr

François Joseph Lefebvre

Major Andre Cotard (Hornblower Series)

Edouard Mortier

Hippolyte Charles

Nicolas Charles Oudinot

Emmanuel de Grouchy

Pierre-Charles Villeneuve

Géraud Duroc

Georges Pontmercy (Les Mis)

Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont

Juliette Récamier

Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey

Louis-Alexandre Berthier

Étienne Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre Macdonald

Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier

Catherine Dominique de Pérignon

Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

Charles-Pierre Augereau

Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais

England:

Richard Sharpe (The Sharpe Series)

Tom Pullings (Master and Commander)

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Jonathan Strange (Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell)

Captain Jack Aubrey (Aubrey/Maturin books)

Horatio Hornblower (the Hornblower Books)

William Laurence (The Temeraire Series)

Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey

Beau Brummell

Emma, Lady Hamilton

Benjamin Bathurst

Horatio Nelson

Admiral Edward Pellew

Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke

Sidney Smith

Percy Smythe, 6th Viscount Strangford

George IV

Capt. Anthony Trumbull (The Pride and the Passion)

Barbara Childe (An Infamous Army)

Doctor Maturin (Aubrey/Maturin books)

William Pitt the Younger

Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (Lord Castlereagh)

George Canning

Scotland:

Thomas Cochrane

Colquhoun Grant

Ireland:

Arthur O'Connor

Thomas Russell

Robert Emmet

Austria:

Klemens von Metternich

Friedrich Bianchi, Duke of Casalanza

Franz I/II

Archduke Karl

Marie Louise

Franz Grillparzer

Wilhelmine von Biron

Poland:

Wincenty Krasiński

Józef Antoni Poniatowski

Józef Zajączek

Maria Walewska

Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski

Adam Jerzy Czartoryski

Antoni Amilkar Kosiński

Zofia Czartoryska-Zamoyska

Stanislaw Kurcyusz

Russia:

Alexander I Pavlovich

Alexander Andreevich Durov

Prince Andrei (War and Peace)

Pyotr Bagration

Mikhail Miloradovich

Levin August von Bennigsen

Pavel Stroganov

Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna

Karl Wilhelm von Toll

Dmitri Kuruta

Alexander Alexeevich Tuchkov

Barclay de Tolly

Fyodor Grigorevich Gogel

Ekaterina Pavlovna Bagration

Ippolit Kuragin (War and Peace)

Prussia:

Louise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Gebard von Blücher

Carl von Clausewitz

Frederick William III

Gerhard von Scharnhorst

Louis Ferdinand of Prussia

Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Alexander von Humboldt

Dorothea von Biron

The Netherlands:

Ida St Elme

Wiliam, Prince of Orange

The Papal States:

Pius VII

Portugal:

João Severiano Maciel da Costa

Spain:

Juan Martín Díez

José de Palafox

Inês Bilbatua (Goya's Ghosts)

Haiti:

Alexandre Pétion

Sardinia:

Vittorio Emanuele I

Lombardy:

Alessandro Manzoni

Denmark:

Frederik VI

Sweden:

Gustav IV Adolph

[aceturo]

I remember seeing a post by @/fatherfigurefusion that was something like ''What if DRDT had Japanese VAs?'' and so me and some friends (@areinageishii @doodlesacevid @sorastar6 @mizumi77) decided to do the same thing just than with Brazilian voice actors! What if DRDT had Brazilians VAs?

=== Teruko- Natali Pazete Xander- Caio Guarnieri Charles- Sérgio Cantu Ace- Adrian Tatini or Charles Emmanuel Arei- Pamella Rodrigues Rose- Mariana Torres Hu- Patt Souza Eden- Bianca Alencar Levi- William Vianna Arturo- Bruno Casemiro Min- Jessica Cardia David- Fabrício Vila Verde Veronika- Lia Mello J- Luísa Horta Whit- Lipe Volpato Nico- Lucas Almeida --- Monotv- Agatha Paulita

Again, credits to @/fatherfigurefusion

[zeevbenoit]

So far, who's your favourite Chain of Gold character? What about ship-wise? And where are you in the story? Asking as someone who's spending the day reading Chain of Iron for the millionth time

as of right now, my favorites are probably alastair and cordelia. which in hindsight isn’t very surprising. my favorite always ends up being a carstairs (jem, emma, these two).

I just find alastair so intriguing. I know some people are probably put off by his attitude but I lowkey giggle at some things he says. I’m also lowkey foaming at the mouth for thomas x alastair scenes. I also love how clear it is to the reader how much alastair loves his sister. I really hope there will be good scenes between the two in the future.

cordelia is kinda eating everyone up atm. calling james out for leaving her on the dance floor? iconic. tear him a new one babe. her knowing that the mermaid was trying to poison the warlocks? that’s a carstairs right there. this is probably a dumb thing to appreciate, but I like how she’s not mean to grace. her kindness towards her makes me love her. other authors would have cordelia’s jealousy make her cruel.

I am a bit nervous about cordelia because a few people have told me book 1 is her peak and she just goes downhill from here. someone I know hates her for something she does in chain of iron I think. obviously I don’t know what that is. but so far I love her and my loyalty to the carstairs family will probably make me continue to love her.

the only couple I would say I’m enjoying at this point is thomas x alastair. which is crazy because alastair is very much with charles at this point. I don’t know what it is about them but they’ve got me hooked.

I’m about 300 pages into chain of gold. I just finished the chapter where lucie, james, cordelia, and matthew go to visit emmanuel gast but he’s hella dead.

thanks for the ask @edwinspaynes I love to yap.

[satureja13]

Royal Outtakes

From their visit in Saarburg and others.

The goats may love the Royal Family but that doesn't seem to count for Kumo, Kiri's sheep ^^'

Or Jack's Little Goat. He didn't like that the Princess wanted to keep him from running after the Queen ^^'

When we arrived, Francine (Jeb's grandmother and one of the three witches) came running along in fear ö.Ö' I count that as a bad omen. That's two now. (First was Sai seeing Ji Ho's dead mother the other day...)

And of course it had been Vlad who was doing the stunt for the screenshot (woohooing the Princess ^^'). The way she looks at him <3 Maybe she's happy that here, ingame, he still has his chest hair :3

We spotted adult Vlad at the pond, he looks a bit confused :3

And Ji Ho would maybe be happy to know that Kiyoshi came over, only to see him ^^' (Ji Ho had been crazy for Kiyoshi since the beginning :3 )

When I took the screenshots, I glitched through the ground. So this is Willow Creek from far below ö.ö

And that's my favourite: Emmanuel Macron touching the hand of King Charles at the event of the 80th anniversary of the d day landings. Such a meaningful gesture!

The King: "Emmanuel! What are you doing? Not in front of all the people!" Emmanuel: "I want everyone to know that you are the King of my heart!" The King: "Oh Emmanuel!" Camilla: "Oh no..." Brigitte: "That was about time! I've been shipping them for ever!"

Valerian: 'Lunatic, do you want me to show you my new magic trick? I can make my wand vanish!' Lunatic blushes.

[mysteriouslytransparentwitch]

you can get out of your popularity logic! Charles is a head of state, popular or not, the other heads of state don't care, otherwise Emmanuel Macron wouldn't be walking around everywhere with this logic.

I agree but the popularity in the UK is important. Currently all the top royals have decent popularity levels but if this plummets then anything is possible. The UK becoming a republic isn't an impossibility. People take for granted that William will become king but shocking things have happened before and they can happen again. The establishment may decide William should abdicate and change the laws to allow him to remove his line from the monarchy. If Harry became king it would be to the UK he has to prove himself, other heads of states don't care who the monarch is. It's even possible that Charles' whole line is removed, we could see a future with Queen Beatrice. Some might laugh and think this is crazy but events could lead to such a thing happening. Granted Harry becoming king maybe more likely, he would definitely want it and he would quickly change his mind about the BRF being bad and continue things like Charles is.

The establishment will want someone who will continue things in a smooth fashion, change is fine but slowly and if William refuses there will be those behind the scenes who decide he has to go.

I wouldn't be surprised if William doesn't become king.

personally, I always saw the royal machine as the LVMH company. I agree with you a slow change like LVMH. For Beatrice, it was 10 years ago when I read a medium who saw her as a queen and that it was possible

[thebusylilbee]

L' « extrême centre » est une notion forgée par Pierre Serna, professeur à l’université Paris-I Panthéon Sorbonne et membre de l’Institut d’histoire de la Révolution française. Elle vise à décrire les gouvernements qui apparaissent après des périodes politiques marquées par des violences ou des instabilités fortes, qui se revendiquent de la modération et souhaitent se débarrasser du clivage gauche-droite. Napoléon Bonaparte dira par exemple en 1799, après le coup d’État du 18 Brumaire : « Ni talon rouge, ni bonnet rouge, je suis national. » D’après Pierre Serna, auteur de L’extrême centre ou le poison français : 1789-2019 (Champ Vallon, 2019), cette politique survient notamment en France en 1793, en 1799, en 1815, en 1851 ou encore en 1958, avec le retour au pouvoir de Charles de Gaulle, qui se présente alors comme au-dessus des partis. Depuis 2017, Emmanuel Macron « coche toutes les cases de l’extrême centre », assure l’historien. Pour Les Jours, Pierre Serna analyse à l’aune de cette notion la naissance du macronisme, son héritage et ses dérives. Entretien.

Qu’est-ce que l’extrême centre ?

C’est un concept historique qui m’est apparu parce que je n’arrivais pas à nommer les événements historiques qui se sont produits entre 1790 et 1815, surtout durant Thermidor, le Directoire et le Consulat. L’extrême centre est la réunion de plusieurs phénomènes. Lors de cette période, l’ensemble de la classe politique s’était beaucoup dédit et avait prêté moult serments à tous les régimes, de 1789 à 1815. Il y avait donc toute une série de personnages qu’on peut appeler « girouettes ». Ensuite, dans les périodes suivant des moments d’intenses violences politiques, ce groupe revendiquait la rhétorique de la modération pour revenir au calme et à une forme de réconciliation, de compromis. À partir de là, ces gens se légitimaient eux-mêmes dans leur changement d’avis, mettant leur positionnement politique au-dessus de leurs principes. Pour justifier cela, il fallait qu’ils se situent dans un échiquier politique déjà clairement défini depuis la Constituante : au centre. Ils vont alors comprendre que la conquête du pouvoir exécutif est ce qui compte le plus. Et bien souvent, leur usage du pouvoir exécutif va être particulièrement dur, particulièrement répressif et sévère, tant du point de vue politique que militaire. C’est donc cette pensée oxymorique qui m’a donné envie de donner un titre à cette mouvance jamais nommée.

Ces personnes qui tiennent le pouvoir ne le l��chent pas, au nom du fait que les autres sont des extrêmes. Mais ce sont eux qui les qualifient d’« extrêmes ». C’est donc un centre qui a une radicalité de par son absence idéologique et par sa capacité à utiliser les forces de répression de l’État qui sont à sa disposition.

[reste de l'article sous le trait parce que c'est long - mais très intéressant ! ]

En quoi Emmanuel Macron en est-il un représentant ?

De 2017 à la dissolution de 2024, Emmanuel Macron, dans sa version la plus « pure », coche toutes les cases de l’extrême centre. D’abord, il est passé de la gauche jusqu’à une politique au moins de centre droit, voire délibérément de droite. Emmanuel Macron est donc une figure de girouette et pousse les autres à le devenir : que ce soit les membres du Parti socialiste ou des Républicains qu’il entraîne avec lui. Il pousse donc à un « girouettisme » de masse qui déstabilise tout l’équilibre politique existant.

Deuxièmement, il se positionne comme quelqu’un qui n’est pas dans la rhétorique de l’extrême ni dans l’idéologie, avec un discours conciliant. Autre exemple, plus récent : alors qu’il a mis un désordre effroyable dans les institutions avec la dissolution, il demande une trêve olympique. Il appelle donc régulièrement à des formes de modération parce qu’il en a besoin pour qualifier ses deux adversaires principaux. Des adversaires qu’il a d’ailleurs contraints à se radicaliser parce qu’il prenait de plus en plus de place au centre.

Troisième élément, enfin : il a fait preuve d’une surutilisation, documentée et dénoncée par des instances internationales, des forces policières, voire des adjuvants militaires, pour maintenir l’ordre lors des moments de contestation et de désapprobation de sa politique. On coche donc les trois éléments structurants de l’extrême centre, dont il est une figure en continuité avec l’histoire de France.

L’extrême centre a donc toujours existé. Emmanuel Macron s’est pourtant présenté comme en rupture avec « l’ancien monde »…

Il est parfaitement dans la continuité d’une politique qui correspond à un des cadres évidents de la politique française née pendant la Révolution. Cela pourrait être irritant pour lui, parce que là où il se veut un homme moderne, il est en fait l’incarnation d’une très vieille recette thermidorienne.

Vous dites qu’Emmanuel Macron contraint ses adversaires à se radicaliser. C’est donc lui qui provoque la radicalité de la gauche et de l’extrême droite ?

Pas exactement. La gauche radicale et l’extrême droite sont évidemment antécédentes à Emmanuel Macron. Dans le même temps, les partis de droite et de gauche républicains étaient eux aussi antécédents et avaient la main sur l’échiquier politique de façon majoritaire. Mais il faut qu’il y ait une crise de ces forces traditionnelles pour qu’un homme se plaçant au-dessus des partis sorte de l’anonymat, s’il en a la force, le charisme et les soutiens financiers. Dès lors, à partir du moment où les forces traditionnelles sont plus faibles et que lui occupe un centre de plus en plus important, les forces radicales, de droite et de gauche, doivent « surexprimer » leurs volontés de passer par une conquête du pouvoir législatif pour exister face à celui qui a le pouvoir exécutif. On assiste donc à une radicalisation de ce discours aux extrêmes de façon mécanique. Ainsi, ces radicalités préexistent à l’extrême centre, mais sont encore plus fortes lorsque celui-ci est présent dans la vie politique française.

Le pouvoir exécutif est donc l’objectif de l’extrême centre, au détriment du législatif. Emmanuel Macron a-t-il donc quitté l’extrême centre en prononçant la dissolution de l’Assemblée nationale qui remet, de facto, le Parlement au centre du jeu politique ?

On se trouve dans une confusion intégrale. Emmanuel Macron est désormais un avatar d’extrême centre parce qu’il n’a plus la possibilité de gouverner comme il le souhaiterait. La décision de dissoudre l’Assemblée nationale un soir d’élection où il y a eu un raz-de-marée de l’extrême droite et où moins d’un Français sur deux a voté est choquante, en ce sens qu’elle crée un choc historique (lire l’épisode 1, « Macron, maboul de cristal »). Soit le Président est prêt à gouverner avec l’extrême droite mais il ne le dit pas, soit il envisage une possibilité d’alliance entre son parti et la droite. Les deux ont échoué. Il n’est donc plus dans une figure d’extrême centre, mais bien dans une situation particulièrement délicate : tant qu’il ne peut pas gouverner comme il le désire, c’est-à-dire imposer par l’exécutif quelque chose au législatif, il ne nomme pas de Premier ministre. C’est pourtant à lui de le nommer et de faire appel à la force politique qui est majoritaire, fût-elle relative à l’Assemblée, pour lui demander de gouverner. Il y a là un abus d’autorité et des moyens institutionnels et constitutionnels que lui confère l’hyperprésidentialité de la Ve République (lire l’épisode 42, « “Nous risquons d’entrer dans une zone de turbulences” »).

L’extrême centre n’est-il pas voué à disparaître avec l’impossibilité qu’a Emmanuel Macron de gouverner ?

L’extrême centre n’est jamais appelé à durer. En politique, à droite ou à gauche, il y a des invariants politiques, des marqueurs idéologiques. Le seul invariant de l’extrême centre, lui, est la crise politique qui l’a fait naître, non l’idéologie. Il y a donc deux moyens de « terminer » l’extrême centre : soit aller vers une droite autoritaire, soit aller vers une recomposition totale du paysage politique. Et là, il faut un événement qui dépasse notre quotidien. Concrètement, soit la France suivra le modèle d’une mondialisation brune, soit il y aura un événement dramatique, comme un conflit extérieur qui pourrait changer la donne politique et sociale, comme on l’a vu après 1918 ou 1944. Je ne nous le souhaite pas, mais je constate qu’avec mes outils d’historien je ne peux pas dire quelque chose d’autre.

Quel pourrait-être l’héritage d’Emmanuel Macron ?

À mon avis, il laissera un héritage très fort. D’abord parce que les périodes d’extrême centre ne sont jamais anodines. Elles sont liées généralement à une personne qui est capable d’incarner une désidéologisation. Il laissera donc un héritage fort qui exigera une recomposition en fonction de ce qu’il a été. Celui-ci me semble peu commenté. Il apparaît clair, quand on lit son programme Révolution (XO, 2016) pour 2017, qu’il veut transformer la France à la manière d’un État américain. C’est-à-dire défaire et déconstruire totalement la puissance de l’État social, sortir complètement de ce qui a été une des particularités fortes de la France : un État keynésien et protecteur, à la pointe des avancées sociales et sociétales, capable d’intégrer des populations immigrées. Je pense que la déconstruction de l’État et des services publics, la volonté de faire de toute une jeunesse des autoentrepreneurs, le jeu d’un libéralisme total et la politique sociétale, qui, malgré une rhétorique de façade, renvoie à un rétrécissement et un resserrement de chacun sur soi à la condition d’une hypersécurité, nous conduisent à cela.

Que penser du refus de nommer à Matignon Lucie Castets, pourtant désignée par le Nouveau Front populaire ?

Le Président abuse de ses prérogatives institutionnelles. Il fut un temps, lors de la crise de mai 1877, quand naissait la IIIe République, où le conflit entre le Parlement et le Président se solda par un renforcement du pouvoir législatif. Dès lors, le Président fut obligé légitimement de se « soumettre ou se démettre » une fois que le suffrage universel avait parlé. Aujourd’hui, Emmanuel Macron refuse cette règle républicaine en refusant de nommer une personne, en l’occurrence Lucie Castets, grande servitrice de l’État et des services publics, dont il redoute par-dessus tout la probité et la cohérence. Il semble que le Président ajoute de la confusion à la confusion en s’enfermant dans une forteresse vide, l’Élysée, au lieu d’accepter démocratiquement sa défaite.

[archduchessofnowhere]

Hello! Since you're tumblr's Marie Sophie expert, I was wondering if you've read Lorraine Kaltenbach's Le Secret de la reine soldat: L'extraordinaire soeur de Sissi and in case you have, if you recommend it. It focuses on Marie Sophie's supposed illegitimate daughter; personally I find this story hard to believe and iirc so do you, but Kaltenbach apparently visited several archives around Europe to do her research, so maybe she did find something new.

Hello! Ughh that book. I have a confession to make: years ago I started reading it because well, it's about the alleged illegitimate daughter, if the author really found something about it then it's worth reading it. But I couldn't finish it because it was so badly researched it made me loose all my patience. Kaltenbach is not a historian and it shows:

She dedicates long parragraphs to describe what was she doing and how was she feeling while "researching".

Most of her sources are just newspapers. I'm not against citing newspapers by any means but the way she did Is Not It. With no context given and taken 100% at face value.

But what made me loose it is when she finally reached to the the alleged affair and I realized her main source for it was... Marie Larisch's 1930s books. I kid you not. All that "brand new information" and "uncovering secrets" talk and she was literally just quoting Larisch's gossips as literally everyone else who ever approached the subject.

At that point I gave up and went straight to the part of the alleged daughter, Daisy de Lavaysse. Here's what I'll say on Kaltenbach's defense: this girl seems to have actually existed. She (allegedly) found her death certificate in Paris, the act of recognition by her father, and her baptism certificate in Bavaria. Now she doesn't actually show any of these documents on her book, however someone on Geneanet uploaded this picture on Daisy's page:

This is the supposed death certificate. No need to decipher the writing, this is what it says, quoted by Kaltenbach:

Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg. Acte n° 39. L'an mille huit cent quatre-vingt- six, le 7 janvier à onze heures du matin, acte de décès de Marie Louise Élisabeth Mathilde Henriette de Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg, âgée de vingt-deux ans et dix mois, sans profession, née à Munich (Bavière), décédée en son domicile rue des Mathurins, nº 47, le six janvier courant à neuf heures du matin, fille de Charles Felix Emmanuel de Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg, décédé, et de mère non dénommée, célibataire. Dressé vérification faite du décès par nous, Jérémie Kastler, adjoint au maire, officier de l'état civil du 8e arrondissement de Paris, chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, officier d'Académie, sur la déclaration faite de Georges Adrien Sol de Marquein, âgé de quarante-deux ans, propriétaire, demeurant à Paris, rue de Lisbonne, n° 49, ami de la défunte; et de Henry de Gineste-Najac, âgé de quarante-sept ans, propriétaire, demeurant à Paris, avenue d'Antin, nº 18, ami de la famille, qui ont signé avec nous après lecture.

Translation:

Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg. Act No. 39. In the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, on January 7 at eleven o'clock in the morning, death certificate of Marie Louise Élisabeth Mathilde Henriette de Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg, aged twenty-two years and ten months, without profession, born in Munich (Bavaria), died at her home rue des Mathurins, no. 47, on the current January 6 at nine o'clock in the morning, daughter of Charles Felix Emmanuel de Lavaÿsse-Châteaubourg, deceased, and of an unnamed mother, unmarried. Cerification of the death made by us, Jérémie Kastler, deputy mayor, civil registrar of the 8th arrondissement of Paris, knight of the Legion of Honor, officer of the Academy, on the declaration made by Georges Adrien Sol de Marquein, aged forty-two, owner, residing in Paris, rue de Lisbonne, n° 49, friend of the deceased; and Henry de Gineste-Najac, aged forty-seven, owner, residing in Paris, avenue d'Antin, n° 18, friend of the family, who signed with us after reading.

Let's assume the certificate is legitimate. Why didn't she include it on her book? Why the only picture of it is in a genealogy website and seems taken almost in a hurry?

The strongest evidence Kaltenbach does provide in her book are these two alleged pictures of Daisy she claims were on her grandmother's possesion:

Which she puts next to this picture published by Marie Larisch (left) in one of her books, with a girl that allegedly was Daisy (right):

And I'll give her this: these two pictures do seem to be from the same person.

I'm going to be nice and assume that Kaltenbach indeed found all the evidence she claims she did (because again, she does not provide any of the documents that would actually support her claims). What did she found out? That a distant relative of her had an illegitimate daughter born in Bavaria in 1863. That's it. Everything else is pure speculation. Nothing she provides proves that Marie was Daisy's mother. Absolutely nothing. She just speculates for dozens of pages, most of the time making up a story that fits nicely into what she already believed even before starting her research.

Maybe the author was genuinely onto something, perhaps Daisy was an illegitimate daughter of a member of the House of Wittelsbach. Perhaps she was Marie's daughter after all! But she clearly had no idea on how to properly investigate the subject, and because of that any sort of credibility her evidence could have became damaged. She should've delegated the research to a real historian and written a novel instead.

[dailyanarchistposts]

Footnotes

[1] I here gladly acknowledge my obligations to Victor Drury, {15} whose classification I adopt and follow.

{1} Actually Say may have gone farther.

{2} From Royal Commentaries of the Incas (1609) by El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (c. 1539-1616; not to be confused with the earlier Spanish writer of the same name); Lum quotes from the 1871 translation by Clements Markham.

{3} Principles of Sociology I.ii.10

{4} Probably American historian John Lothrop Motley (1814-1877).

{5} Swiss historian and economist Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi (1773-1842).

{6} Jack Cade, leader of 1450 peasant rebellion; John Wycliffe, 14th-century Catholic dissident; Jacob van Artevelde and Philip van Artevelde, father and son, 14th-century Flemish nationalist leaders; Étienne Marcel, bourgeois leader involved in the 1358 French peasant rebellion known as the Jacquerie; rising of the Swiss cantons: a 14th-century confederacy that threw off Habsburg rule; Cola di Rienzi, 14th-century Italian revolutionary leader; Hanseatic League, Renaissance mercantile alliance of northern Europe.

{7} A reference to Auguste Comte’s (1798-1857) division of history into theological, metaphysical, and positive/industrial phases, though in his description of the details Lum seems closer to Spencer than to Comte.

{8} Barebone’s Parliament, form taken by the British Parliament in 1653, between the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and the rise of Cromwell’s Protectorate, taking its name from the involvement of religious dissenting leader Praise-God Barebones or Barebone or Barbon (c. 1598-1679); Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836), French revolutionary leader who served in the national legislature known as the Convention.

{9} “Progress and Order” (or equally “Order and Progress”) was a popular slogan among followers of Comte; see the Brazilian flag.

{10} Pen name of American humorist Benjamin Drew (1812-1903).

{11} Bonds payable only upon the death of a third party, though here used metaphorically to mean payable only in the afterlife.

{12} “The voice of the people [is] the voice of God.”

{13} Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), whose description of economics as “the dismal science” has often been thought (as probably here by Lum) to refer to its conservative aspects (e.g., Malthus’s alleged proof that improvements in the lot of the working class were unattainable), though in fact Carlyle meant to be condemning its liberal aspects (specifically its opposition to slavery).

{14} plural sic.

{15} Victor Drury (1825-1918), French-born American anarchist active in the Knights of Labor.

{16} William Godwin (1756-1836), English anarchist philosopher who advocated voluntary equality of property.

{17} American economist Henry George (1839-1897), who though generally a free-market advocate regarded society as the legitimate owner of all land, and consequently favoured replacing all taxation with a single tax on land; American state-socialist writer Edward Bellamy (1850-1898); Lum’s line “looking backward to Sparta and Peru” is a sarcastic reference to Bellamy’s utopian 1888 novel Looking Backward.

{18} A reference to an example in Henry George’s 1881 book The Land Question.

{19} German economist Wilhelm Roscher (1817-1894), an important influence (perhaps surprisingly) on both the German Historical School and the French Liberal School. The passage quoted is from Joseph Lalor’s 1878 translation of Roscher’s 1854 Principles of Political Economy.

{20} A frequent misquotation from Shakespeare’s Tempest IV.1.151-57, eliding “the baseless fabric of this vision” with “we are such stuff as dreams are made on” a few lines later.

{21} English economist David Ricardo (1772-1823) had argued in his 1817 Principles of Political Economy and Taxation that there was a natural tendency for wages to approach the cost of production of labour, which he held to be the bare cost of keeping the labourer alive and able and willing to work; however, he also held a) that wages may be kept above this natural rate indefinitely in an improving economy, and that b) willingness to work depends in any case on cultural factors (including prevailing standards of comfort and decency). Dropping these qualifications, Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-1864) and other socialist thinkers developed Ricardo’s theory into an Iron Law of Wages according to which wages are doomed to stand forever at bare physical subsistence so long as the wage system survives.

{22} Classical liberal English statesman John Bright (1811-1889), free-trade and anti-imperialist activist; the quotation is from Bright’s Glasgow University installation speech in March 1883.

{23} Whatever source Lum is quoting (presumably by Henry George) is evidently to be found reprinted in the 1901 Sunset Club.

{24} In Greek mythology Cerberus was the three-headed dog who guarded the entrance to the underworld.

{25} A standard Spencerian concern, taking the line of progress to run toward greater differentiation. By “to greater differentiation” Lum presumably means “in preference to greater differentiation.”

{26} The quotation is from Spencer’s 1876 Principles of Sociology V.18 §570.

{27} This phrase often means “piecework,” but in the present context seems to mean labour done on one’s own without cooperation.

{28} The English phrase “to go without saying” derives from the French aller sans dire, although aller de soi, “to go of itself,” may be the more common French idiom.

{29} Lum had had an acrimonious falling-out with the Greenback Party ten years earlier.

{30} Change of antecedent sic.

{31} Presumably there should also be a hyphen between “from” and the first “day.”

{32} An agrarian association friendly to the urban labour movement, formed in Michigan in 1889; a similar movement of the same name was formed in Ontario the following year.

{33} The passage that follows is drawn from the article “‘Greatest Happiness’ Principle” (Westminster Review XI, no 21 (July 1829), which is apparently but not explicitly by Bentham; see Macaulay’s discussion.

{34} The quotation which follows is from Herbert’s “A Politican in Sight of Haven.”

{35} Principles of Sociology V.xviii.563.

{36} Probably a reference to the title of Henry George’s 1879 Progress and Poverty.

{37} Either American economist Amasa Walker (1799-1875) or his son Francis Amasa Walker (1840-1897).

{38} American anarchist and currency reformer William Batchelder Greene (1819-1878).

{39} Hebrews 11:1.

{40} This makes no sense, and is an error for “will not go bankrupt at the same tine” in the original.

{41} Should be “since it is subscribed.”

{42} From Proudhon’s Organisation of Credit and Circulation (1848).

{43} Science of Wealth (1866), ch. 5.

{44} Another quotation from Roscher.

{45} “The great thinker is the secretary of his age”: from English philosopher George Henry Lewes (1817-1878), Problems of Life and Mind (1874).

{46} The Land Question (1881), ch. 16.

{47} Bavarian-American anarcho-communist Johann Most (1846-1906).

{48} French novelist Edmond François Valentin About (1828-1885).

{49} First quotation from Rights of Man (1792), II.1; next three from First Principles of Government (1795).

{50} Reference to a quotation from Malthus.

{51} Science of Wealth, XI.6.

{52} American abolitionist, businessman, liberal economist, and antiwar activist Edward Atkinson (1827-1905).

{53} German-American anarchist August Spies (1855-1877), one of the Haymarket martyrs.

{54} Isaiah 58:1.

{55} American abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892), in “Stanzas for the Times.”

[warningsine]

Françoise Hardy, an introspective pop singer who became a hero to French youth in the 1960s with her moody ballads, died on Tuesday. She was 80.

Her death, from cancer, was announced by her son, Thomas Dutronc, in a post on Instagram that said simply, “Mom is gone.” No other details were provided.

With songs like her breakthrough 1962 hit, “Tous les Garçons et les Filles” (“All the Boys and Girls”), and later “Dans le Monde Entier” (“All Over the World”); her lithe look, prized by star fashion designers; and her understated personality, Ms. Hardy incarnated a 1960s cool still treasured by the French.

“How can we say goodbye to her?” President Emmanuel Macron of France said in a statement on Wednesday, a play on the title of Ms. Hardy’s 1968 hit “Comment Te Dire Adieu” (“How Can I Say Goodbye to You?”).

She was the only French singer on Rolling Stone’s 2023 list of the 200 best singers of all time.

Ms. Hardy’s ethereal, almost frail voice expressed a particular kind of youthful French ennui, though it became fuller with the years. She sang of love sought and not found, of love lost, of time passing, of hopes unfilled, in words written by herself, by the French pop legend Serge Gainsbourg, and even by the Nobel Prize-winning novelist Patrick Modiano (who wrote, in the song “Étonnez-moi, Benoît,” “Astonish me, Benedict, walk on your hands, swallow some pine cones, Benedict”).

Ms. Hardy captured the melancholy of her generation, born, like her, at the end of World War II and, like her, unsatisfied by France’s material progress in the decades after, in the “Trente Glorieuses,” or “30 Glorious Years.”

That youthful discontent, anticipated by the Existentialists — she was sometimes considered their pop-singer adept — exploded in the demonstrations in France of May 1968, when her fame was at its peak, though she disapproved of them and fled to her retreat in Corsica. The words Mr. Gainsbourg wrote for her that year incarnated the icon of cool she had already become: “Under no pretext/Would I want to have/The reflexes of unhappiness.”

Indeed, her cult of steely, solitary sadness would keep her well shy of movements of mass solidarity, leading her to reject what she called “the intolerances of the left” and steering her later toward right-leaning affinities with the likes of Nicolas Sarkozy, the former French president, or the misanthropic writer Michel Houellebecq.

A damaged childhood with a single mother led Ms. Hardy to seek refuge in inner exploration, through songwriting. As she told Le Monde in 2016: “I am incapable of dissimulating and lying. Writing a song, on the contrary, forces you to go deep into what you have lived, and felt.” Songwriting, she said, was “an outlet.”

Everything was already present in the lyrics to her first hit, “All the Boys and Girls,” which she wrote in 1962 and which sold more than two million copies. She later disavowed the song (“I’m ashamed of ‘Tous les Garçons et les Filles,’” she said in 1995, when a collection of her work was released), but all the essential sentiments of longing and nostalgia were there:

“And me, I walk alone, because I am loved by nobody,” she sang.

Without joy, and full of ennui. When will the sun shine for me? Like the girls and boys of my age, I ask, When will my day come … The day when my soul is no longer in pain?

Her career was launched. The next year, 1963, she released her first LP; received a major French music award, the Grand Prix de l’Académie Charles-Cros; and appeared on the cover of Paris Match. By 1965, she had become a hit across the English Channel; she recorded a 45-r.p.m. single in London, “All Over the World.”

Bob Dylan fell for her, writing about her in the liner notes of his 1964 album “Another Side of Bob Dylan.” He began, “For Françoise Hardy/At the Seine’s edge/A giant shadow/Of Notre-Dame.” When he held his first concert in Paris, in May 1966 at the Olympia, he refused to return to the stage after an intermission unless she came to see him in his dressing room. Dylan was 25; Ms. Hardy was 22. She duly appeared.

Ms. Hardy’s singular look — tall, long brown hair, a natural reticence — catapulted her into the worlds of fashion and film. She was dressed by André Courrèges, Paco Rabanne and Yves Saint Laurent and appeared in movies by Roger Vadim (“Castle in Sweden,” 1963) and John Frankenheimer (“Grand Prix,” 1966).

She disliked making films, however (“I cried every night,” she told the Le Monde interviewer), and soon stopped. In the 1970s and ’80s, there were more albums and experiments with jazz and bossa nova styles. But by then the public fascination with her had cooled, and in 1988 she announced that she would stop singing, though she continued to write songs for others.

She returned to singing in the late 1990s and 2000s with a turn toward a more rock-oriented style, recording an album with Thomas, her son from her marriage to Jacques Dutronc.

In later years, as illness overtook her — she was diagnosed with cancer in 2004 — she retreated into astrology and gloomy autobiographical writings. “The pessimism I attribute to myself, or that others attribute to me, is perhaps quite simply realism,” she was quoted as saying in 1997, after a concert with the singer Julien Clerc.

Françoise Madeleine Hardy was born on Jan. 17, 1944, in German-occupied Paris, in a clinic at the top of the Rue des Martyrs, in the Ninth Arrondissement, in the middle of an air raid. Her mother, Madeleine Hardy, was a bookkeeper, and her father, Étienne Dillard, who was largely absent during her childhood, was an already-married industrialist. The class divide between her mother and her sometime father marked her life, as she made clear in interviews.

She went to a Roman Catholic parochial school in the neighborhood and later attended classes at the Institut d’Études Politiques and the Sorbonne.

But it was the gift of a guitar from her father, after she had received her high school diploma at 16, that she later remembered would prove decisive. She would practice for hours in the kitchen of her mother’s tiny apartment. By age 17, she had landed her first recording contract.

She would later say that her long relationship with Mr. Dutronc, whom she met in 1967 and finally married in 1981, inspired the “sufferings, frustrations, disillusions and profound self-interrogations” that suffused her songs. They separated in 1988.

As her health declined in the 2000s after her cancer diagnosis, Ms. Hardy became an outspoken supporter of euthanasia. In 2016, she was placed in a coma, her doctors thinking that she would never wake up. She did, and went on to record another album, “Personne d’Autre” (“Nobody Else”), which proved to be her last, in 2018.

Her son is her only immediate survivor.

In his statement on Wednesday, Mr. Macron described Ms. Hardy as a singer who “with reserved elegance, almost shy, didn’t hesitate to lay bare, raw emotion in her sentimental ballads.”

“She sang of love,” he said, “that was dreamed, deceived, wounded.”