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rabbitcruiser · 1 month ago

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Gandhi Jayanti

Gandhi Jayanti is an annual celebration held in India on October 2nd of every year. It is a national holiday in the country that marks the birthday of Gandhi, who is called as the ‘Father of the Nation.’ The celebration of Gandhi Jayanti is an honor and tribute from the people of India to Gandhi who was an icon of the independence of India. The nation pays homage to this great legend Gandhi as a remembrance for his contributions towards the freedom struggle of India.

“Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” – Mahatma Gandhi

History of Gandhi Jayanti

The birthday of Gandhi or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti or Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti in India. He is also called as the Father of the Nation, Gandhiji, Gandhi, Bapu. He was born in Porbandar, a small town in Gujarat on October 2, 1869. His father was Karamchand Gandhi, and his mother was Putlibai. Gandhi attended the middle school in Porbandar and high school in Rajkot. He married Kasturba at the age of 13. Gandhi studied law in the United Kingdom and went to South Africa to practice as a lawyer. He then left his practice and returned to the homeland due to his love for his country and to fight for the freedom of his people. He was a both a political as well as the spiritual leader in India who had played a vital role in Indian Independence movement.

Gandhi Jayanti is one among the three national holidays of the country celebrated by all the people. He had given the nation and the world with the principles of truth, non-violence, and honesty. Gandhiji is an iconic figure in and around the country which is known for his unique practices of non-violence or ahimsa. He believed in “Satyagraha,” the philosophy of truth and in the power of nonviolence. He adopted these beliefs in his leadership, and it helped in achieving India’s Independence. Gandhi had a true love for both truth and duty. He proved the world that freedom could be attained through the path of non-violence which is certainly the most powerful methods of obtaining the goals. October 2nd has also been honored by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) as the International Day of Non- Violence.

During the 1890’s, when Gandhi was in South Africa he was subjected to the injustice of the colonial imperialism in the nation. He was a victim of the racial discrimination and social bigotry. It impacted not only him but also the country which led to his social activism. In 1894, he formed the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa with the help of the Indian community. It had later, molded into an active political party in the country. In 1906, his political members involved in a peaceful protest were subjected to violent treatment by the local government, which made him formed the idea of “Satyagraha,” which means the force of truth.

When Gandhi left from Africa to India, he witnessed the same in his country. He then carried out the same to help people protest against the dominance of the British Raj. Gandhi is known for his non-violent civil disobedience in countries like India and South Africa. It included the origin of the non-cooperation movement in the year 1922 and the Salt Satyagraha, or Dandi March held on March 12, 1930. Gandhiji had not only left a tremendous impact on the nation’s revolts for freedom, but he has also debuted ideology, philosophy, charitable acts and great teachings. Through Gandhi’s efforts, India finally gained its independence on August 15, 1947.

Happy Gandhi Jayanti Quotes

‘Seven social sins : politics without principles, wealth without work, pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character, commerce without morality, science without humanity and worship without sacrifice.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied progration,nor does trouyh become error because nobody see it. Truth stands,even if there be no public support . it is self sustained.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘An eye for an eye will only make the whole blind.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and fir a time, they can seem invincible but in the end they always fall. Think of it -always.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘Our beliefs become your thoughts, Your thoughts become your words, Your word become your actions,Your action become your habit, Your habit become your values, your values become your destiny’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is like an ocean. If a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean not become dirty.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘Each night, when I go to sleep,I die.And the next morning, When I wake up, I am reborn.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘You can chain me, you can torture me, you can even destroy this body, but you will never imprison my mind.-Ahimsa means not to injure any creature by thought, word or deed, not even to the supposed advantage of this creature.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

‘A man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes.-Whenever you have truth it must be given with love, or the message and the messenger will be rejected.-Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

‘You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. Honest differences are often a healthy sign of progress.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

How to Celebrate Gandhi Jayanti

Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated in all parts of the country. Special events will be organized at Raj Ghat, New Delhi where Gandhiji was cremated. It is declared as a national holiday. Schools, colleges, offices, and other institutions remain closed on this day. People pray, pay homage and sing “Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram, Patit Pavan Sita Ram” which is Gandhiji’s favorite song. Wear clothes made in India as Gandhiji encouraged people to wear spin and weave cotton cloth. Read his autobiography to know more about Gandhi.

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todaysdocument · 22 days ago

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Letter from William N. Jeffers, Inspector of Ordnance to Commander H. G. Wise, Chief of Bureau of Ordnance Concerning the Testing of the Ganster Percussion Hand Grenade

Record Group 74: Records of the Bureau of OrdnanceSeries: Correspondence Regarding the Examination of InventionsFile Unit: Volume 7: June 25, 1864 - July 7, 1869

"Mr. Ganster's Percussion Hand Grenade"

Navy Ordnance Yard

Washington City, October 24th 1864.

Commander H. A. Wise

Chief of Bureau of Ordnance

Sir:

In accordance with Bureau order of October 1st, I have made trial in presence of the Inventor of the Percussion hand Grenade presented by Mr. George P. Ganster.

It consists of Spherical ball 2 3/4 in, in diameter with a hole for the insertion of the percussion apparatus and one for filling it stopped by a brass screw plug. Weight 2 lbs.

The percussion apparatus consist of two cones kept apart by a spiral spring. On the base of one of them the heads of three of the common "parlor" matches are stuck in holes.

To prevent accidental concussion, a lever is so arranged as to secure one of the cones so that contact cannot take place until it is unlocked.

A drawing is attached showing the internal arrangement more fully.

Eight were thrown by the inventor, to a mean distance of 25 yards all exploding on impact. The pieces were thrown in every direction with great force, - pieces striking the bomb proof in which the inventor and myself were sheltered with force sufficient to inflict a dangerous if not mortal wound. One was thrown several times without being unlocked in order to prove their safety in transport.

Unlocked and let fall from a height of five feet thus explode.

In my opinion such projectiles are not suited to the requirements of the Naval Service.

To use the words of a recent French writer.

"Grenades are detestable projectiles, which are more likely to damage "those who use them than those against whom they are employed."

"They are only of service when they can be used by persons ____62

completely under cover against others entirely exposed." In which opinion I fully concur.

Very respectfully

Your Obt Servant

William N. Jeffers

Inspector of Ordnance, in charge of Experimental Department

#archivesgov #october 24 #1864 #19th century #us civil war #grenades

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zenia62 · 23 days ago

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Daendels Childrens

Hii guys!! ✨️ So as I promised in the last post, here I'll list all of the Daendels childrens that I found on a Dutch book abt Daendels. They also wrote a very detailed information abt Daendels descendants so far that I've found. I'll talk abt the other descendants on a later post as I want to focus on his childrens first now 🫡

1. A daugther was born n died at Kampen 4 March 1788. According to my notes, it was already dead in the womb

2. Burchard Johan Daendels was born in Hattem, 8 June (Year not mentioned). Baptized on 4 July 1789. It said it died on the same day (?) 😭

3. Petronella Daendels was born in St. Winoksbergen, 22 July 1790. Baptized on 23 July 1790. Died at Hattem 8 January 1814

4. Josina Christina Daendels was born in 31 August 1792 (Place of birth not mentioned). Died at 23 September (Year not mentioned) n was burried in Hattem at 3 November 1792

5. Rutger Herman Hendrik Daendels, the book didn't mentioned names but according to my notes it could be this one 🤔 Date of birth not mentioned n died in France 1793 (Date not mentioned)

6. Josina Maria Christina was born in Hattem, 21 April 1795. Baptized on 25 April 1795. Died at Hattem 28 September 1859

7. Burchard Johan Daendels was born in The Hague, 13 May 1796. Died on 5 October (Year not mentioned) n was burried at Hattem, 8 October 1796

8. Burchard Johan Daendels, date of birth not mentioned. Baptized at The Hague, 9 July 1797. Died at 7 October 1825

9. Constant Jaques Daendels, date of birth not mentioned. Baptized at The Hague 6 October 1798. It didn't mentioned when did he die

10. Aleida Elisabeth Reiniera Daendels was born in The Hague, 17 September 1799. Died at Hattem, 24 April 1869

11. Hermanna Wilhelmina Daendels was born in Hattem 31 October (Year not mentioned). Baptized at 9 November 1800. Died at Amsterdam, 16 (Year not mentioned) n burried at Hattem, 22 January 1818

12. Egbert Andreas Daendels was born on 15 January (Year not mentioned). Died at 7 February 1802 (?) The translation on this part was confusing 🫠

13. August Derk Daendels was born on Hattem, 7 March (Year not mentioned). Baptized in 3 March 1803. Died at Surabaya, 29 May 1853

14. Henriette Geertruida Theodora Daendels was born on Hattem, 29 October (Year not mentioned). Baptized in 18 November 1804. Diead at Apeldoorn, 27 February 1887

15. Louise Francoise Daendels was born on Hattem, 27 July (Year not mentioned). Baptized in 21 August 1806. Died 6 September (?) n was burried at 8 September 1807

I struggle abit trying to understand the translation 😔 So I'm sorry if some parts are wrong 🙏 I know in the internet there is those Genealogy stuff but I'm not sure if they were right so I'll js stick w the book for now. Anyways, that's all for now, thank you guys n have a nice day 🌙

#daendels #napoleonic era #napoleonic wars #french #french history #napoleon’s marshals #dutch #dutch history #history #napoleon bonaparte #daendels family #descendants #family line

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yaggy031910 · 1 year ago

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The napoleonic marshal‘s children

After seeing @josefavomjaaga’s and @northernmariette’s marshal calendar, I wanted to do a similar thing for all the marshal’s children! So I did! I hope you like it. c: I listed them in more or less chronological order but categorised them in years (especially because we don‘t know all their birthdays). At the end of this post you are going to find remarks about some of the marshals because not every child is listed! ^^“ To the question about the sources: I mostly googled it and searched their dates in Wikipedia, ahaha. Nevertheless, I also found this website. However, I would be careful with it. We are talking about history and different sources can have different dates. I am always open for corrections. Just correct me in the comments if you find or know a trustful source which would show that one or some of the dates are incorrect. At the end of the day it is harmless fun and research. :) Pre 1790

François Étienne Kellermann (4 August 1770- 2 June 1835)

Marguerite Cécile Kellermann (15 March 1773 - 12 August 1850)

Ernestine Grouchy (1787–1866)

Mélanie Marie Josèphe de Pérignon (1788 - 1858)

Alphonse Grouchy (1789–1864)

Jean-Baptiste Sophie Pierre de Pérignon (1789- 14 January 1807)

Marie Françoise Germaine de Pérignon (1789 - 15 May 1844)

Angélique Catherine Jourdan (1789 or 1791 - 7 March 1879)

1790 - 1791

Marie-Louise Oudinot (1790–1832)

Marie-Anne Masséna (8 July 1790 - 1794)

Charles Oudinot (1791 - 1863)

Aimee-Clementine Grouchy (1791–1826)

Anne-Francoise Moncey (1791–1842)

1792 - 1793

Bon-Louis Moncey (1792–1817)

Victorine Perrin (1792–1822)

Anne-Charlotte Macdonald (1792–1870)

François Henri de Pérignon (23 February 1793 - 19 October 1841)

Jacques Prosper Masséna (25 June 1793 - 13 May 1821)

1794 - 1795

Victoire Thècle Masséna (28 September 1794 - 18 March 1857)

Adele-Elisabeth Macdonald (1794–1822)

Marguerite-Félécité Desprez (1795-1854); adopted by Sérurier

Nicolette Oudinot (1795–1865)

Charles Perrin (1795–15 March 1827)

1796 - 1997

Emilie Oudinot (1796–1805)

Victor Grouchy (1796–1864)

Napoleon-Victor Perrin (24 October 1796 - 2 December 1853)

Jeanne Madeleine Delphine Jourdan (1797-1839)

1799

François Victor Masséna (2 April 1799 - 16 April 1863)

Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859)

Auguste Oudinot (1799–1835)

Caroline de Pérignon (1799-1819)

Eugene Perrin (1799–1852)

1800

Nina Jourdan (1800-1833)

Caroline Mortier de Trevise (1800–1842)

1801

Achille Charles Louis Napoléon Murat (21 January 1801 - 15 April 1847)

Louis Napoléon Lannes (30 July 1801 – 19 July 1874)

Elise Oudinot (1801–1882)

1802

Marie Letizia Joséphine Annonciade Murat (26 April 1802 - 12 March 1859)

Alfred-Jean Lannes (11 July 1802 – 20 June 1861)

Napoléon Bessière (2 August 1802 - 21 July 1856)

Paul Davout (1802–1803)

Napoléon Soult (1802–1857)

1803

Marie-Agnès Irma de Pérignon (5 April 1803 - 16 December 1849)

Joseph Napoléon Ney (8 May 1803 – 25 July 1857)

Lucien Charles Joseph Napoléon Murat (16 May 1803 - 10 April 1878)

Jean-Ernest Lannes (20 July 1803 – 24 November 1882)

Alexandrine-Aimee Macdonald (1803–1869)

Sophie Malvina Joséphine Mortier de Trévise ( 1803 - ???)

1804

Napoléon Mortier de Trévise (6 August 1804 - 29 December 1869)

Michel Louis Félix Ney (24 August 1804 – 14 July 1854)

Gustave-Olivier Lannes (4 December 1804 – 25 August 1875)

Joséphine Davout (1804–1805)

Hortense Soult (1804–1862)

Octavie de Pérignon (1804-1847)

1805

Louise Julie Caroline Murat (21 March 1805 - 1 December 1889)

Antoinette Joséphine Davout (1805 – 19 August 1821)

Stephanie-Josephine Perrin (1805–1832)

1806

Josephine-Louise Lannes (4 March 1806 – 8 November 1889)

Eugène Michel Ney (12 July 1806 – 25 October 1845)

Edouard Moriter de Trévise (1806–1815)

Léopold de Pérignon (1806-1862)

1807

Adèle Napoleone Davout (June 1807 – 21 January 1885)

Jeanne-Francoise Moncey (1807–1853)

1808: Stephanie Oudinot (1808-1893) 1809: Napoleon Davout (1809–1810)

1810: Napoleon Alexander Berthier (11 September 1810 – 10 February 1887)

1811

Napoleon Louis Davout (6 January 1811 - 13 June 1853)

Louise-Honorine Suchet (1811 – 1885)

Louise Mortier de Trévise (1811–1831)

1812

Edgar Napoléon Henry Ney (12 April 1812 – 4 October 1882)

Caroline-Joséphine Berthier (22 August 1812 – 1905)

Jules Davout (December 1812 - 1813)

1813: Louis-Napoleon Suchet (23 May 1813- 22 July 1867/77)

1814: Eve-Stéphanie Mortier de Trévise (1814–1831) 1815

Marie Anne Berthier (February 1815 - 23 July 1878)

Adelaide Louise Davout (8 July 1815 – 6 October 1892)

Laurent François or Laurent-Camille Saint-Cyr (I found two almost similar names with the same date so) (30 December 1815 – 30 January 1904)

1816: Louise Marie Oudinot (1816 - 1909)

1817

Caroline Oudinot (1817–1896)

Caroline Soult (1817–1817)

1819: Charles-Joseph Oudinot (1819–1858)

1820: Anne-Marie Suchet (1820 - 27 May 1835) 1822: Henri Oudinot ( 3 February 1822 – 29 July 1891) 1824: Louis Marie Macdonald (11 November 1824 - 6 April 1881.) 1830: Noemie Grouchy (1830–1843) —————— Children without clear birthdays:

Camille Jourdan (died in 1842)

Sophie Jourdan (died in 1820)

Additional remarks: - Marshal Berthier died 8.5 months before his last daughter‘s birth. - Marshal Oudinot had 11 children and the age difference between his first and last child is around 32 years. - The age difference between marshal Grouchy‘s first and last child is around 43 years. - Marshal Lefebvre had fourteen children (12 sons, 2 daughters) but I couldn‘t find anything kind of reliable about them so they are not listed above. I am aware that two sons of him were listed in the link above. Nevertheless, I was uncertain to name them in my list because I thought that his last living son died in the Russian campaign while the website writes about the possibility of another son dying in 1817. - Marshal Augerau had no children. - Marshal Brune had apparently adopted two daughters whose names are unknown. - Marshal Pérignon: I couldn‘t find anything about his daughters, Justine, Elisabeth and Adèle, except that they died in infancy. - Marshal Sérurier had no biological children but adopted Marguerite-Félécité Desprez in 1814. - Marshal Marmont had no children. - I found out that marshal Saint-Cyr married his first cousin, lol. - I didn‘t find anything about marshal Poniatowski having children. Apparently, he wasn‘t married either (thank you, @northernmariette for the correction of this fact! c:)

#Marshal‘s children calendar #literally every napoleonic marshal ahaha #napoleonic era #Napoleonic children #I am not putting all the children‘s names into the tags #Thank you no thank you! :)#YES I posted it without double checking every child so don‘t be surprised when I have to correct some stuff 😭#napoleon's marshals #napoleonic

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dailyanarchistposts · 6 months ago

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Footnotes, 301 - 322 (end)

[301] Great changes have taken place since the forties in the attitude of the richer classes towards the unions. However, even in the sixties, the employers made a formidable concerted attempt to crush them by locking out whole populations. Up to 1869 the simple agreement to strike, and the announcement of a strike by placards, to say nothing of picketing, were often punished as intimidation. Only in 1875 the Master and Servant Act was repealed, peaceful picketing was permitted, and “violence and intimidation” during strikes fell into the domain of common law. Yet, even during the dock-laborers’ strike in 1887, relief money had to be spent for fighting before the Courts for the right of picketing, while the prosecutions of the last few years menace once more to render the conquered rights illusory.

[302] A weekly contribution of 6d. out of an 18s. wage, or of 1s. out of 25s., means much more than 9l. out of a 300l. income: it is mostly taken upon food; and the levy is soon doubled when a strike is declared in a brother union. The graphic description of trade-union life, by a skilled craftsman, published by Mr. and Mrs. Webb (pp. 431 seq.), gives an excellent idea of the amount of work required from a unionist.

[303] See the debates upon the strikes of Falkenau in Austria before the Austrian Reichstag on the 10th of May, 1894, in which debates the fact is fully recognized by the Ministry and the owner of the colliery. Also the English Press of that time.

[304] Many such facts will be found in the Daily Chronicle and partly the Daily News for October and November 1894.

[305] The 31,473 productive and consumers’ associations on the Middle Rhine showed, about 1890, a yearly expenditure of 18,437,500l.; 3,675,000l. were granted during the year in loans.

[306] British Consular Report, April 1889.

[307] A capital research on this subject has been published in Russian in the Zapiski (Memoirs) of the Caucasian Geographical Society, vol. vi. 2, Tiflis, 1891, by C. Egiazaroff.

[308] Escape from a French prison is extremely difficult; nevertheless a prisoner escaped from one of the French prisons in 1884 or 1885. He even managed to conceal himself during the whole day, although the alarm was given and the peasants in the neighborhood were on the look-out for him. Next morning found him concealed in a ditch, close by a small village. Perhaps he intended to steal some food, or some clothes in order to take off his prison uniform. As he was lying in the ditch a fire broke out in the village. He saw a woman running out of one of the burning houses, and heard her desperate appeals to rescue a child in the upper story of the burning house. No one moved to do so. Then the escaped prisoner dashed out of his retreat, made his way through the fire, and, with a scalded face and burning clothes, brought the child safe out of the fire, and handed it to its mother. Of course he was arrested on the spot by the village gendarme, who now made his appearance. He was taken back to the prison. The fact was reported in all French papers, but none of them bestirred itself to obtain his release. If he had shielded a warder from a comrade’s blow, he would have been made a hero of. But his act was simply humane, it did not promote the State’s ideal; he himself did not attribute it to a sudden inspiration of divine grace; and that was enough to let the man fall into oblivion. Perhaps, six or twelve months were added to his sentence for having stolen — “the State’s property” — the prison’s dress.

[309] The Medical Academy for Women (which has given to Russia a large portion of her 700 graduated lady doctors), the four Ladies’ Universities (about 1,000 pupils in 1887; closed that year, and reopened in 1895), and the High Commercial School for Women are entirely the work of such private societies. To the same societies we owe the high standard which the girls’ gymnasia attained since they were opened in the sixties. The 100 gymnasia now scattered over the Empire (over 70,000 pupils), correspond to the High Schools for Girls in this country; all teachers are, however, graduates of the universities.

[310] The Verein für Verbreitung gemeinnütslicher Kenntnisse, although it has only 5,500 members, has already opened more than 1,000 public and school libraries, organized thousands of lectures, and published most valuable books.

[311] Very few writers in sociology have paid attention to it. Dr. Ihering is one of them, and his case is very instructive. When the great German writer on law began his philosophical work, Der Zweck im Rechte (“Purpose in Law”), he intended to analyze “the active forces which call forth the advance of society and maintain it,” and to thus give “the theory of the sociable man.” He analyzed, first, the egotistic forces at work, including the present wage-system and coercion in its variety of political and social laws; and in a carefully worked-out scheme of his work he intended to give the last paragraph to the ethical forces — the sense of duty and mutual love — which contribute to the same aim. When he came, however, to discuss the social functions of these two factors, he had to write a second volume, twice as big as the first; and yet he treated only of the personal factors which will take in the following pages only a few lines. L. Dargun took up the same idea in Egoismus und Altruismus in der Nationalökonomie, Leipzig, 1885, adding some new facts. Büchner’s Love, and the several paraphrases of it published here and in Germany, deal with the same subject.

[312] Light and Shadows in the Life of an Artisan. Coventry, 1893.

[313] Many rich people cannot understand how the very poor can help each other, because they do not realize upon what infinitesimal amounts of food or money often hangs the life of one of the poorest cLasses. Lord Shaftesbury had understood this terribLe truth when he started his Flowers and Watercress Girls’ Fund, out of which loans of one pound, and only occasionally two pounds, were granted, to enable the girls to buy a basket and flowers when the winter sets in and they are in dire distress. The loans were given to girls who had “not a sixpence,” but never failed to find some other poor to go bail for them. “Of all the movements I have ever been connected with,” Lord Shaftesbury wrote, “I look upon this Watercress Girls’ movement as the most successful.... It was begun in 1872, and we have had out 800 to 1,000 loans, and have not lost 50l. during the whole period.... What has been lost — and it has been very little, under the circumstances — has been by reason of death or sickness, not by fraud” (The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, by Edwin Hodder, vol. iii. p. 322. London, 1885–86). Several more facts in point in Ch. Booth’s Life and Labor in London, vol. i; in Miss Beatrice Potter’s “Pages from a Work Girl’s Diary” (Nineteenth Century, September 1888, p. 310); and so on.

[314] Samuel Plimsoll, Our Seamen, cheap edition, London, 1870, p. 110.

[315] Our Seamen, u.s., p. 110. Mr. Plimsoll added: “I don’t wish to disparage the rich, but I think it may be reasonably doubted whether these qualities are so fully developed in them; for, notwithstanding that not a few of them are not unacquainted with the claims, reasonable or unreasonable, of poor relatives, these qualities are not in such constant exercise. Riches seem in so many cases to smother the manliness of their possessors, and their sympathies become, not so much narrowed as — so to speak — stratified: they are reserved for the sufferings of their own class, and also the woes of those above them. They seldom tend downward much, and they are far more likely to admire an act of courage... than to admire the constantly exercised fortitude and the tenderness which are the daily characteristics of a British workman’s life” — and of the workmen all over the world as well.

[316] Life of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, by Edwin Hodder, vol. i. pp. 137–138.

[317] See Marriage Customs in many Lands, by H.N. Hutchinson, London, 1897.

[318] Many new and interesting forms of these have been collected by Wilhelm Rudeck, Geschichte der öffentlichen Sittlichkeit in Deutschland, analyzed by Durckheim in Annuaire Sociologique, ii. 312.

[319] A Servio Tullio populus romanus relatus in censum, digestus in classes, curiis atque collegiis distributus (E. Martin-Saint Léon, Histoire des corporations de métiers depuis leurs origines jusqu’à leur suppression en 1791, etc., Paris, 1897.

[320] The Roman sodalitia, so far as we may judge (same author, p. 9), corresponded to the Kabyle çofs.

[321] It is striking to see how distinctly this very idea is expressed in the well-known passage of Plutarch concerning Numa’s legislation of the trade-colleges: — “And through this,” Plutarch wrote, “he was the first to banish from the city this spirit which led people to say: ‘I am a Sabine,’ or ‘I am a Roman,’ or ‘I am a subject of Tatius,’ and another: ‘I am a subject of Romulus’” — to exclude, in other words, the idea of different descent.

[322] The work of H. Schurtz, devoted to the “age-classes” and the secret men’s unions during the barbarian stases of civilization (Altersklassen und Männerverbände: eine Darstellung der Grundformen der Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1902), which reaches me while I am reading the proofs of these pages, contains numbers of facts in support of the above hypothesis concerning the origin of guilds. The art of building a large communal house, so as not to offend the spirits of the fallen trees; the art of forging metals, so as to conciliate the hostile spirits; the secrets of hunting and of the ceremonies and mask-dances which render it successful; the art of teaching savage arts to boys; the secret ways of warding off the witchcraft of enemies and, consequently, the art of warfare; the making of boats, of nets for fishing, of traps for animals, and of snares for birds, and finally the women’s arts of weaving and dyeing — all these were in olden times as many “artifices” and “crafts,” which required secrecy for being effective. Consequently, they were transmitted from the earliest times, in secret societies, or “mysteries,” to those only who had undergone a painful initiation. H. Schurtz shows now that savage life is honeycombed with secret societies and “clubs” (of warriors, of hunters), which have as ancient an origin as the marriage “classes” in the clans, and contain already all the elements of the future guild: secrecy, independence from the family and sometimes the clan, common worship of special gods, common meals, jurisdiction within the society and brotherhood. The forge and the boat-house are, in fact, usual dependencies of the men’s clubs; and the “long houses” or “palavers” are built by special craftsmen who know how to conjure the spirits of the fallen trees.

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loiladadiani · 1 year ago

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Photos: 1. Prince Waldemar of Greece; 2. Marie de Orleans, wife of Prince Waldemar; 3. Marie Bonaparte, wife of Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 4. Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 5. Prince and Princess George of Greece and Denmark and their children Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark and Princess Eugenie of Greece and Denmark; 6. Prince and Princess Waldemar of Greece with their children: Prince Aage Count of Rosenborg, Prince Axel of Denmark, Prince Erik Count of Rosenborg, Prince Vigo Count of Rosenborg, Princess Margrethe of Denmark. 7 and 8: Prince Waldemar of Greece and Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 9: Sitting: Marie Bonaparte, Prince Waldemar, Prince George, and Marie de Orleans surrounded by some of their children; 10. Prince Waldemar and Prince George

Sometimes, the love story is where you least imagine it...

Prince Waldemar of Denmark (1858 -1939) and Prince George of Greece and Denmark (1869 - 1957)

Prince Waldemar of Denmark was the youngest son of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Hesse-Kessel. Waldemar entered the naval college as a young man in 1879. He was passionate about the navy and had a lifelong naval career; he was Vice Admiral and Admiral of the Danish Fleet. He married Princess Marie of Orleans, a granddaughter of King Louis Phillipe of France; they had four sons and one daughter and remained married until Marie's untimely death. Marie was a very intelligent and unconventional woman, and her life needs to be told at greater length.

Prince George of Greece and Denmark was the second child of George I of Greece and his wife, Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna (the Queen of the Hellenes); Prince Waldemar was George I's youngest brother. Therefore, Waldemar was George of Greece and Denmark's uncle. When George I and his wife decided to enroll their son in the Naval college, they took George to live with Waldemar, an admiral in the Danish fleet. George developed a great attachment for his uncle, which continued until Waldemar's death. (Prince George of Greece and Denmark was the cousin who went on Tsarevich Nicholas' European tour and ran to his rescue when Nicholas was attacked in the streets of Japan.)

George of Greece and Denmark married Marie Bonaparte, a very unconventional, wealthy woman who at one point was a disciple of Sigmund Freud and who became a psychotherapist. They had two children and remained married until George's death. She is another woman who deserves a book to herself.

When George married, Waldemar came along on his honeymoon. George would often return to his uncle’s palace for visits. At the end of these visits, George would weep while Waldemar would grow ill, both dreading the pending separation from each other. To their own credit, both French Maries respected the oddly close relationship between uncle and nephew.

Waldemar and George flawlessly fulfilled their military and dynastic duties to their countries. Their wives learned to cope with the unusual situation. They were always well-loved by their extensive families and included in all activities of their many European royal relatives.

George of Greece died at eighty-eight, surviving Waldemar by 18 years. When Waldemar died he had been devastated and found great comfort in his wife; the couple's last years together were their best. George was buried at the Greek Royal burial grounds at Tatoi. He requested to be buried with his wedding ring, a lock of hair from Valdemar, a photo of Valdemar, and earth from Valdemar’s palace. His widow honored this request.(gcl)

Were Valdemar and George more than just nephew and uncle? Perhaps. Were they involved in a strong and loving relationship? Undoubtedly.

Sources:

Lea. (2021, October 29). An odd royal relationship. Medium. https://worldroyals.medium.com/an-odd-royal-relationship-6a405ca16320#:~:text=George%20felt%20abandoned%20by%20his,in%20love%20with%20his%20uncle.&text=When%20George%20reached%20adulthood%2C%20he,%2C%20Catholic%20princess%2C%20Marie%20Bonaparte.

#European history #Danish history #Greek history #Prince Valdemar of Denmark #Prince George of Greece and Denmark #Marie Bonaparte #Marie of Orleans

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troybeecham · 1 year ago

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Today the Church remembers the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs.

Orate pro nobis.

The 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs were Roman Catholic Christians in Poland killed during World War II by the Nazis, either in the concentration camps or by mass slaughter on the streets. The group comprises 3 bishops, 79 priests, 7 male religious, 8 female religious, and 11 lay people. There are two parishes named for the 108 Martyrs of World War II in Powiercie in Koło County, and in Malbork, Poland.

The 108 Blessed Martyrs were beatified on 13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw, Poland.

List of Martyrs

Bishops

1. Antoni Julian Nowowiejski (1858–1941 KL Soldau), bishop

2. Leon Wetmański (1886–1941 KL Soldau), bishop

3. Władysław Goral (1898–1945 KL Sachsenhausen), bishop

Priests

1. Adam Bargielski, priest from Myszyniec (1903–1942 KZ Dachau)

2. Aleksy Sobaszek, priest (1895–1942 KL Dachau)

3. Alfons Maria Mazurek, Carmelite friar, prior, priest (1891–1944, shot by the Gestapo)

4. Alojzy Liguda, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1898–1942 KL Dachau)

5. Anastazy Jakub Pankiewicz, Franciscan friar, priest (1882–1942 KL Dachau)

6. Anicet Kopliński, Capuchin friar, priest in Warsaw (1875–1941)

7. Antoni Beszta-Borowski, priest, dean of Bielsk Podlaski (1880–1943, shot near Bielsk Podlaski)

8. Antoni Leszczewicz, Marian Father, priest (1890–1943, burnt to death in Rosica, Belarus)

9. Antoni Rewera, priest, dean of the Cathedral Chapter in Sandomierz (1869–1942 KL Dachau)

10. Antoni Świadek, priest from Bydgoszcz (1909–1945 KL Dachau)

11. Antoni Zawistowski, priest (1882–1942 KL Dachau)

12. Bolesław Strzelecki, priest (1896–1941 KL Auschwitz)

13. Bronisław Komorowski, priest (1889–22 March 1940 KL Stutthof)

14. Dominik Jędrzejewski, priest (1886–1942 KL Dachau)

15. Edward Detkens, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

16. Edward Grzymała, priest (1906–1942 KL Dachau)

17. Emil Szramek, priest (1887–1942 KL Dachau)

18. Fidelis Chojnacki, Capuchin friar, priest (1906–1942, KL Dachau)

19. Florian Stępniak, Capuchin friar, priest (1912–1942 KL Dachau)

20. Franciszek Dachtera, priest (1910–23 August 1942 KL Dachau)

21. Franciszek Drzewiecki, Orionine Father, priest (1908–1942 KL Dachau); from Zduny, he was condemned to heavy work in the plantation of Dachau. While he was bending over tilling the soil, he adored the consecrated hosts kept in a small box in front of him. While he was going to the gas chamber, he encouraged his companions, saying "We offer our life for God, for the Church and for our Country".

22. Franciszek Rogaczewski, priest from Gdańsk (1892–1940, shot in Stutthof or in Piaśnica, Pomerania)

23. Franciszek Rosłaniec, priest (1889–1942 KL Dachau)

24. Henryk Hlebowicz, priest (1904–1941, shot at Borisov in Belarus)

25. Henryk Kaczorowski, priest from Włocławek (1888–1942)

26. Henryk Krzysztofik, religious priest (1908–1942 KL Dachau)

27. Hilary Paweł Januszewski, religious priest (1907–1945 KL Dachau)

28. Jan Antonin Bajewski, Conventual Franciscan friar, priest (1915–1941 KL Auschwitz); of Niepokalanow. These were the closest collaborators of St Maximilian Kolbe in the fight for God's cause and together suffered and helped each other spiritually in their offering their lives at Auschwitz

29. Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Dominican friar, priest (1897–1944)

30. Jan Nepomucen Chrzan, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

31. Jerzy Kaszyra, Marian Father, priest (1910–1943, burnt to death in Rosica, Belarus)

32. Józef Achilles Puchała, Franciscan friar, priest (1911–1943, killed near Iwieniec, Belarus)

33. Józef Cebula, Missionary Oblate, priest (23 March 1902 – 9 May 1941 KL Mauthausen)[

34. Józef Czempiel, priest (1883–1942 KL Mauthausen)

35. Józef Innocenty Guz, Franciscan friar, priest (1890–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

36. Józef Jankowski, Pallotine, priest (1910 born in Czyczkowy near Brusy, Kashubia (died 16 October 1941 in KL Auschwitz beaten by a kapo)

37. Józef Kowalski, Salesian, priest (1911–1942) , priest beaten to death on 3 July 1942 in the KL Auschwitz concentration camp

38. Józef Kurzawa, priest (1910–1940)

39. Józef Kut, priest (1905–1942 KL Dachau)

40. Józef Pawłowski, priest (1890–9 January 1942 KL Dachau)

41. Józef Stanek, Pallottine, priest (1916–23 September 1944, murdered in Warsaw)

42. Józef Straszewski, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

43. Karol Herman Stępień, Franciscan friar, priest (1910–1943, killed near Iwieniec, Belarus)

44. Kazimierz Gostyński, priest (1884–1942 KL Dachau)

45. Kazimierz Grelewski, priest (1907–1942 KL Dachau)

46. Kazimierz Sykulski, priest (1882–1942 KL Auschwitz)

47. Krystyn Gondek, Franciscan friar, priest (1909–1942 KL Dachau)

48. Leon Nowakowski, priest (1913–1939)

49. Ludwik Mzyk, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1905–1940)

50. Ludwik Pius Bartosik, Conventual Franciscan friar, priest (1909–1941 KL Auschwitz); of Niepokalanow. These were the closest collaborators of St Maximilian Kolbe in the fight for God's cause and together suffered and helped each other spiritually in their offering their lives at Auschwitz

51. Ludwik Roch Gietyngier, priest from Częstochowa (1904–1941 KL Dachau)

52. Maksymilian Binkiewicz, priest (1913–24 July 1942, beaten, died in KL Dachau)

53. Marian Gorecki, priest (1903–22 March 1940 KL Stutthof)

54. Marian Konopiński, Capuchin friar, priest (1907–1 January 1943 KL Dachau)

55. Marian Skrzypczak, priest (1909–1939 shot in Plonkowo)

56. Michał Oziębłowski, priest (1900–1942 KL Dachau)

57. Michał Piaszczyński, priest (1885–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

58. Michał Woźniak, priest (1875–1942 KL Dachau)

59. Mieczysław Bohatkiewicz, priest (1904–4 March 1942, shot in Berezwecz)

60. Narcyz Putz, priest (1877–1942 KL Dachau)

61. Narcyz Turchan, priest (1879–1942 KL Dachau)

62. Piotr Edward Dankowski, priest (1908–3 April 1942 KL Auschwitz)

63. Roman Archutowski, priest (1882–1943 KL Majdanek)

64. Roman Sitko, priest (1880–1942 KL Auschwitz)

65. Stanisław Kubista, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1898–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

66. Stanisław Kubski, priest (1876–1942, prisoner in KL Dachau, killed in Hartheim near Linz)

67. Stanisław Mysakowski, priest (1896–1942 KL Dachau)

68. Stanisław Pyrtek, priest (1913–4 March 1942, shot in Berezwecz)

69. Stefan Grelewski, priest (1899–1941 KL Dachau)

70. Wincenty Matuszewski, priest (1869–1940)

71. Władysław Błądziński, Michaelite, priest (1908–1944, KL Gross-Rosen)

72. Władysław Demski, priest (1884–28 May 1940, KL Sachsenhausen)

73. Władysław Maćkowiak, priest (1910–4 March 1942 shot in Berezwecz)

74. Władysław Mączkowski, priest (1911–20 August 1942 KL Dachau)

75. Władysław Miegoń, priest, commander lieutenant (1892–1942 KL Dachau)

76. Włodzimierz Laskowski, priest (1886–1940 KL Gusen)

77. Wojciech Nierychlewski, religious, priest (1903–1942, KL Auschwitz)

78. Zygmunt Pisarski, priest (1902–1943)

79. Zygmunt Sajna, priest (1897–1940, shot at Palmiry, near Warsaw)

Religious brothers

1. Brunon Zembol, friar (1905–1942 KL Dachau)

2. Grzegorz Bolesław Frąckowiak, Society of the Divine Word friar (1911–1943, guillotined in Dresden)

3. Józef Zapłata, friar (1904–1945 KL Dachau)

4. Marcin Oprządek, friar (1884–1942 KL Dachau)

5. Piotr Bonifacy Żukowski, friar (1913–1942 KL Auschwitz)

6. Stanisław Tymoteusz Trojanowski, friar (1908–1942 KL Auschwitz)

7. Symforian Ducki, friar (1888–1942 KL Auschwitz)

Nuns and religious sisters

1. Alicja Maria Jadwiga Kotowska, sister, based on eye-witness reports comforted and huddled with Jewish children before she and the children were executed (1899–1939, executed at Piaśnica, Pomerania)

2. Ewa Noiszewska, sister (1885–1942, executed at Góra Pietrelewicka near Slonim, Belarus)

3. Julia Rodzińska, Dominican sister (1899–20 February 1945, KL Stutthof); she died having contracted typhoid serving the Jewish women prisoners in a hut for which she had volunteered.

4. Katarzyna Celestyna Faron (1913–1944, KL Auschwitz); (1913–1944), had offered her life for the conversion of an Old Catholic bishop Władysław Faron (no relation). She was arrested by the Gestapo and condemned to Auschwitz camp. She put up heroically with all the abuses of the camp and died on Easter Sunday 1944. The bishop later returned to the Catholic Church).

5. Maria Antonina Kratochwil, SSND nun (1881–1942) died as a result of the torture she endured while imprisoned in Stanisławów.

6. Maria Klemensa Staszewska (1890–1943 KL Auschwitz)

7. Marta Wołowska (1879–1942, executed at Góra Pietrelewicka near Slonim, Belarus)

8. Mieczysława Kowalska, sister (1902–1941, Soldau concentration camp in Działdowo)

Roman Catholic laity

1. Bronisław Kostkowski, alumnus (1915–1942 KL Dachau)

2. Czesław Jóźwiak (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

3. Edward Kaźmierski (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

4. Edward Klinik (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

5. Franciszek Kęsy (1920–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

6. Franciszek Stryjas (1882–31 July 1944, Kalisz prison)

7. Jarogniew Wojciechowski (1922–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

8. Marianna Biernacka (1888–13 July 1943), executed instead of her pregnant daughter-in-law Anna, offered her life for her and her unborn grandchild)

9. Natalia Tułasiewicz (1906–31 March 1945, died in KL Ravensbrück)

10. Stanisław Starowieyski (1895–1941 in KL Dachau)

11. Tadeusz Dulny, alumnus (1914–1942 KL Dachau)

Almighty God, by whose grace and power your Holy Martyrs of Poland triumphed over suffering and were faithful even to death: Grant us, who now remember them in thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to you in this world, that we may receive with them the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, forever and ever. Amen.

(Fr. Józef Kowalski, priest beaten to death on 3 July 1942 in the KL Auschwitz concentration camp)

(Sr. Alicja Jadwiga Kotowska, a nun killed protecting a group of Jewish children in 1939 in the mass murders in Piaśnica)

#father troy beecham #christianity #jesus #saints #god #salvation #peace #martyrs #faith #christian persecution

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charlesandmartine · 22 days ago

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Thursday 24th October 2024

We said a find goodbye to our little apartment in Darwin this morning. It has been a great place and we took a last look at the sea. We will not see it again until we hit the east coast in 25th November.

Before leaving the confines of the city we tootled along to the Fannie Bay Gaol that we failed to get into the other day. The first gaol was built by the British in 1869 in Darwin itself, not far from our apartment, but due to some NIMBY type attitude and as a consequence they decided to build a replacement a little way out of town. Which brings us to Fannie Bay. The first stone building was erected in 1883; proper job with thick walls, ideal for keeping prisoners safely behind bars. We saw the additions through the years utilising more modern construction with corrugated iron of course. We saw the gallows that despatched the last two felons in 1952. A sad case where two young lads from Czechoslovakia killed a taxi driver because they needed a car to get out of town. The prison housed both men and women, and sadly the majority would have been Aborigines. The buildings barely survived the 1974 cyclone and were finally closed in 1979 when a replacement was built in Berrimah. We were told that of the thousand or so prisoners there today, some 90% or more are aborigines. We saw some of the reception documents which showed men sentenced for 3 months for drinking methylated spirits.

Well we had to put a shift on after such a gruesome morning. Pausing briefly to be swooped on just outside the prison walls by nesting plovers, we fired up this enormous Ford and pointed it in the direction of Kakadu along the ruler straight roads lined either side by low green bush as far as the eye could see, through the outback, with the sun beating down shimmering the road with temperatures exceeding 38 degrees. A brief stop to eat our meagre repast we called luncheon in a desperate roadhouse midway on our 300km journey. A large single building housing a cafe, bar and rudimental store; 2 petrol pumps outside exposed to the elements, random picnic tables with a few white people huddled and quite a large contingent of aboriginals aimlessly wandering around. The sun baked down; hotter inland without that cooling sea breeze and we too huddled in the shade, departing quickly after ejecting the opportunistic flies that got into the car with us.

Our new digs are deep inside the Kakadu National Park for which you need to purchase a permit to enter. They cannot be described as luxurious as the last, but they are comfortable; with the aircon working full out it could blow your hat off but we should stay cool enough tonight.

Tomorrow we shall decide which tours to go on in this interesting region.

#Kakadu National Park

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opera-ghosts · 1 month ago

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D’ALTON, Helen [SHEA, Mary Ellen] (b South Terrace, Cork, c 1850; d 5 Curlew Street, Horsleydown, London 16 March 1893)

'One of the purest contraltos to which the sister isle ever gave birth' (The Standard, 1874).

Irish mezzo-soprano who found success as a ballad singer in the 1870s and 1880s.

Mary Ellen Shea was born in Cork, the daughter of John Shea, Esq., JP (b St John’s, Newfoundland 2 July 1803; d St Anne’s Hill, Blarney, Cork 9 October 1858), a merchant, magistrate and sometime mayor of Cork, and his wife Mary Agnes née Corbett (m 21 April 1836). Shea and his father-in-law, Dan Corbett ‘of South Mall, Cork), were leading lights in the organization of Cork’s National Exhibition of 1852, and Corbett was also known locally as a ‘jovial’ amateur actor and vocalist.

Mrs Shea ‘of Buckingham Place’ gave birth to a son, Henry John Francis on 14 June 1837, another on 24 May 1842, another on 18 July 1843, lost an Edward C (‘fourth son’) 5 October 1844 aged 2 1/2 … but doesn’t seem to have gone to the press with the birth of her ‘?only’ daughter.

Miss Shea studied singing with Mrs Charlotte [Sims] Reeves, and came out, for what seems to have been the first time, under the name of Mlle Hélène D’Alton (an improbable, but Irish high-society, surname), at an Ash Wednesday Concert at Drury Lane, 10 February 1869. She gave ‘Il segreto’, ‘O Rest in the Lord’ and joined the Doria sisters in the Athalie music.

Later in the season (31 July), she sang at the Crystal Palace, alongside Christine Nilsson, Clarice Sinico, Vernon Rigby and Foli, and was favourably noticed as ‘a young lady with a very pleasing contralto voice who sang touchingly the devotional air ‘O Lord, Thou hast searched me out’ from The Woman of Samaria and ‘Gentle troubadour’. The Morning Post confirmed ‘[she] ‘sang her two airs most beautifully. She has a remarkably touching quality of voice and her style is polished and confident; her voice, a mezzo-soprano of unusual clearness, travelled to the extremity of the transept with brilliant effect’.

Mlle D’Alton was engaged to appear at George Wood’s Saturday Evening Concerts at Exeter Hall in the new year, alongside Reeves, Santley, Foli and Mlles Sinico and Monbelli (‘The Gipsies Home’, Barnett’s ‘Old Familiar Friend’), after which she accompanied Santley, Mlle Sinico and another pupil of Mrs Reeves, Annie Edmonds, to Ireland (‘the Santley concerts’) and on 17 February 1870 made her first professional appearance in her home town (‘The Gipsies' Home’, Levey’s ‘Baby Mine’ and ‘Come Home, My Sailor Boy’, Blumenthal’s ‘When we are parted’, ‘Sainted Mother’ with Miss Edmonds). The reviews paid homage to her late father, and Ireland confirmed: ‘This young lady has a voice of great richness, uncommon compass and fine free tone. She sings with judgement, proves a good education, and excited a genuine admiration. She is likely to be very successful.’ ‘She always sings with truth, has admirable restraint, never exaggerates, and is sure to please’.

Back in London, Miss Helen D’Alton was billed with another young Mrs-Reeves-trained vocalist, the Scottish Jane Allan Stephen, in Sims Reeves’s Benefit concert (18 March), and over the following seasons, the said Miss D’Alton would appear, on frequent occasions, on concert bills in which Reeves was starred, both in London and in the provinces.

In between, she appeared at the Crystal Palace (14 May 1870) with the stars of the Italian opera, at the Glasgow Saturday Evening Concerts (‘Scenes of youth’, ‘Rich are rare were the jewels’, ‘Looking Back’), and made a single Ash Wednesday appearance at the Boosey Ballad Concerts (22 February 1871, ‘The Blind Girl’s Dream’ with ‘genuine feeling and expression’, Hawes’s ‘I’ll speak of thee’ and ‘O’er shepherd’s pipe’ with Santley). She gave her ‘Blind Girl’s Dream’, alongside Reeves and Santley, at Leicester, and, on 29 April 1871, she sang the title-role, alongside Mme Lemmens-Sherrington, Reeves and Patey, in Roeckel’s cantata The Fair Rosamund at the Crystal Palace and, the following year, his The Sea Maidens ('Maiden Muriel'). At Mr Austin’s concert she sang ‘I dreamed I was in heaven’ from Naaman, and she ventured wholly into oratorio with a Messiah with the National Choral Society, the Rossini Stabat Mater at the Covent Garden proms, an Israel in Egypt with Reeves at the Sacred Harmonic Society and in Carter’s Evangeline at the Albert Hall.

The oratorio experience was evidently not wholly convincing. Over the years that followed, Miss D’Alton would appear, on occasion, in oratorio – from The Messiah (‘scarcely seemed equal to the contralto music’, Manchester, 'scarcely powerful enough for so large a hall' Birmingham) to The Light of the World and The Prodigal Son (Manchester, 7 February 1874), Judas Maccabeus at Bristol, Jephtha/Last Judgement at Cardiff -- in the provinces, but her frequent London engagements were almost entirely in concert, where her evident speciality was modern ballad music. Pieces such as Mme Sainton-Dolby’s ‘He thinks I do not love him’, Sullivan’s ‘Golden Days’, The Distant Shore’, Looking back' and ‘Will He Come?’, Odoardo Barri’s ‘Mizpah’, ‘Love’s Golden Past’ and ‘The Shadow of the Cross’, Virginia Gabriel’s ‘A Shadow’, Gounod’s ‘Oh that we two were maying’, ‘Meeting Again’ by Cotsford Dick or Charles Salaman’s ‘Eva Tual’ and ‘Loved One’ were delivered in her ‘tuneful contralto voice and unobtrusive style’, her ‘excellent contralto voice and unaffected style’, to good effect. Very occasionally an operatic piece – ‘Ah! s’estinto’, 'Araby, dear Araby' or ‘Quando a te lieta’ – would appear alongside the new ballads, and the classic ones ('The Harp that once through Tara's Halls, 'O, Erin my country', Samuel Lover’s ‘What will you do, love?’, 'John Anderson, my Jo', 'By the sad sea waves'), a little more frequently an item from oratorio (Hiller's 'Lord, whom my immortal soul'), but rarely did Miss D’Alton venture into the world of the dramatic. I spot her, in 1874, singing in a selection from The Bohemian Girl at the Albert Hall, in 1875, during a modest appearance at the Norwich Festival, as a late replacement, she sang in some pieces of a local operetta, The Science of Love, and in 1878 she took part in a concert performance of Il Trovatore at the Royal Aquarium.

Miss D’Alton, in fact, became quite a regular at the Royal Aquarium where, apart from ballads and the ephemeral operatic experience, she also sang several times in the Stabat Mater (alongside the fireworks and freak shows), and she became an equally familiar presence at the promenade concerts staged annually at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. She took part in these ‘proms’ as late as 1887. On several occasions, too, she appeared in the prestigious Boosey Ballad Concerts (‘My Love has gone a sailing’ by Molloy, Linley's ‘Primroses deck the bank's green side’, ‘The Bailiff’s Daughter of Islington’), but without becoming a regular participant.

For a number of years, the 'clever and popular young vocalist' went on the road with Sims Reeves, in varying concert party combinations, alongside Gertrude Cave-Ashton, Foli, Agnes Larkcom et al – and again with Edith Wynne – but her name appeared, it seemed, most frequently on the ballad sheet-music which flowed from the various publishers’ lists: Cowen’s ‘The Better Land’, 'Love and Duty' and ‘A Song and a Rose’, Molloy’s ‘The Old Street Lamp’, ‘The Harbour Bar’, Ignace Gibsone’s ‘The Missing Ship’, Roeckel’s ‘Poppies in the Corn’ and 'A Midnight Song', Stephen Adams’s ‘In heart we both are young’, ‘The Children of the City’ and ‘True Hearts’, ‘I cannot forget’, Blumenthal’s ‘The Old, Old Story’ and ‘Lucy Gray’, Moulton’s ‘Beware’ and ‘I love my love’, Fanning’s ‘Something sweet to tell you’, Campana’s ‘Her Faithful Heart’, Milton Wellings’s ‘Young love that slumbers’, Owen Hope’s ‘In Happier Days’, Caroline Lowthian’s ‘Gates of the West’, Malcolm Watson's 'A Winter Story', as an adjunct to Antoinette Sterling on ‘The Lost Chord’ and to Mme Sainton-Dolby on a number of songs, and, latterly, on the songs of Isidore de Lara ('The Garden of Sleep', 'Once and For Ever'). As late as 1889, Miss D’Alton appeared on the bills of the Monday pops, with a new song by Maude Valerie White.

By the middle of the 1880s, however, she was appearing much less in public and, apart from the Covent Garden proms, largely in charity concerts and on fashionable society programmes. By the time, in 1889 (14 August), that she became the wife of Mr Fallon Percy Wightwick MD MRCS LRCP MB, a well-known medical man, she was appearing only a handful of times a season.

Helen D’Alton’ died just a few years after her marriage, and her obituary insisted that she was ‘a few years ago a highly popular contralto vocalist’. Which was more or less true. ‘Tuneful contralto voice and unobtrusive style’ had probably described her better.

It also insisted that she was thirty-eight years of age. Which was not true at all.She (vocalist, aged 20) and widowed mamma (52) can be seen lodging in Salisbury Street, Westminster in 1871 …

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pix4japan · 1 year ago

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1950s Black Japanese Desktop Telephone: NTT Model 4

Location: Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, Koganei, Tokyo Timestamp: 13:29 on October 25, 2023

Pentax K-1 II + DFA 28-105mm F3.5-5.6 80 mm ISO 800 for 1/20 sec. at ƒ/9.0

Work to establish Japan's first telegraph line began on October 23, 1869, connecting Yokohama and Tokyo. Interestingly, this initiative came 14 years after Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Japan's telecommunication journey progressed further when the first rotary dial telephone, an all-black model, was introduced in 1933. This design was based on the renowned American industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss's "Type 302 Desk Telephone."

Amidst Japan's post-war rebuilding efforts, a pivotal development for domestic telecommunications took place in 1950. The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) unveiled the Model No. 4 Automatic Desktop Phone, Japan’s first domestically designed and manufactured desktop telephone. According to NTT, this new model played a significant role in fostering social connections during Japan's postwar reconstruction period.

Notably, my photograph captures the NTT Model 4, showcasing its smaller and more compact casing compared to Dreyfuss's "Type 302" model. According to one of Japan’s major players in the telecommunications market, KDDI, the new design of the NTT Model 4 not only boasted superior call quality, but was also considered cutting-edge for its time.

The Model 4 was available exclusively in black, and became a staple in Japanese offices during its production years from 1950 to 1964. This end of this 14-year period coincided with the introduction of NTT's Model 600 desktop phone in 1964, marking another milestone in Japan's telecommunications history.

For enthusiasts and curious minds, the NTT Model 4 that I photographed can be viewed at the "House of Kunio Maekawa" within the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum in Tokyo.

Visit my blog post if you wish to delve deeper into the history Japan’s telephone tech and devices where I have provided links to all the original source materials for further research (read time: approx. 2 min.): https://www.pix4japan.com/blog/20231025-edo-bldg-museum

#静物写真 #黒電話 #江戸東京たてもの園 #東京 #pix4japan #pentax_dfa28105 #pentaxk1mkii #still life photography #Japan #Tokyo #telephone #Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum

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orthodoxydaily · 7 months ago

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About the Ilyin-Chernigov and Chernigov-Gethsemane icons of the Mother of God.

Commemoration:

CHERNOGOV-GETHSEMANE ICON

april 16_april 29

Many healings of mental illness and demonic possession happened from the Chernihiv icon. St. Ambrose of Optina suggests in one letter that a mad person be brought to this icon.

The Ilyin-Chernigov Icon of the Mother of God was painted in the year 1658 by the iconographer Gregory Dubensky, (Gennadius in monasticism). Tears flowed from the icon for eight days in 1662, from April 16-24. In this same year, Tatars descended upon Chernigov and devastated it. At midnight, they burst into the Trinity monastery, entered the church, overturned all the icons, and grabbed all the utensils, but the wonderworking icon and its ornaments remained untouched. An invisible power held back the impious from the holy icon. Previously, the Queen of Heaven had not permitted the enemy to enter the cave of St Anthony of the Caves, where the monastery's brethren had hidden. The Tatars fled, as though terrified by a vision. The miracle of the Mother of God and Her Chernigov Icon was described by St Demetrius of Rostov (October 28 and September 21) in his book, THE BEDEWED FLEECE [Runo Oroshennoe]. Later on, St John of Tobolsk (June 10) also wrote about the Chernigov Icon. A wonderworking copy of the Chernigov Icon of the Mother of God, in the Gethsemane skete of the Trinity-Sergiev Lavra, was glorified in the year 1869 (September 1).

24 miracles (by the number of hours in a day) from Ilyin-Chernigov icon of the Mother of God (based on the book of Saint Dimitry of Rostov “The bedewed fleece”).

Miracle 1. In the reign of the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich, Autocrat of All the Great and Small and White Russia, when the archbishop throne in Chernigov was held by the Right Reverend Father Lazarus Baranovich, the Orthodox Archbishop of Chernigov, Novgorod, and the entire North, in the year 1662 Anno Domini, in the month of April, in the monastery of Elijah the Prophet (the Ilyin monastery), under the hegumen Zosima, from the 16th day to the 24th, the icon of the Immaculate Blessed Virgin Mary was weeping in the church. All the people of the city of Chernigov watched this miracle with great horror. Miracle 2. Also, in 1662, when the icon of the Mother of God was weeping, the Saracens (Muslims), by God's allowance for our sins, quietly crept up and captured many villages in the neighborhood of Chernigov. The monks of that Ilyin monastery, unaware of the barbarian invasion, sat in their monastery, and one night, it was announced about the Tartars. Then they all went to the church and hid in the cave of our Saint Father Anthony. At midnight, the Tatars attacked the monastery and broke into the church, where there was a miracle-working icon of the Most Holy Mother of God, decorated with silver plates, according to the custom. The godless committed a lot of blasphemies: they threw down all the icons from their places to the ground, took all churchware... But they did not touch the icon of the Mother of God, which was standing at the local place of the iconostasis, nor did they touch the silver plates on it. Possibly as once for Prophet Elisha, so here the Lord God smote the heathens with blindness, so that being blind with their spiritual eyes, they would not sight with the bodily eyes either at the icon of the Mother of God, which we, looking at, see as the true Mother of God. The power of God forbade them: let they not touch the Mental Kiot with unworthy hands. The heathens not only did not touch the icon but also could not enter the cave where the monks were hiding, even though they attempted to do so many times with lit splinters and drawn swords. However, they, being driven away, returned as if thrown back by someone. The Immaculate Virgin's power, protecting the monks, prevented the Saracens from entering the cave.

Miracle 3 in 1667. One woman named Vera (what means Faith - translator's note) from Mozirsk county (uyezd) was paralyzed for a whole year. Being dumb, she had a withered hand as well. Having reached the Ilyin monastery on Saturday, the eve of Pentecost, the woman was healed during the singing of the Akathist before the miraculous icon of the Most Holy Mother of God. First, she moved the withered and motionless hand, showing it to all stretched out her hand, and it was restored as whole as the other. Then, during the liturgy, at "It is truly meet," she spoke with the silent tongue - and cried, thanking the Most Blessed Virgin for the sudden healing. Miracle 4 in 1671. Someone of the nobles named Penskiy, from the outskirts of Bragin, had a wife, Anna. For several years, she had severe pain in her legs; she had to be carried; she could not make a single step herself. Doctors who treated the incurable disease have already become exhausted. The man heard about the miraculous icon of the Most Holy Mother of God that was in the Ilyin monastery and brought his wife there. She was carried to the church, and here, having prayed warmly with tears, she received a quick healing: she got up on her feet at once. As the lame in Jerusalem described in Acts (Acts 3, 3), this wife also had her feet and ankles strong again, and she jumped up, praising God and the Mother of God. Everyone was filled with amazement at what had happened to her. Miracle 5 in 1672, ( commemoration in April) Some nun named Alexandra of the convent of the Holy Martyr Paraskeva in Chernihiv has long suffered from demonic delusion: many times, terrible images appeared to her, rushing to her, seeking to kidnap her, forbidding her to pray. She endured all this with great fear, horror, and dread; sometimes, she screamed with fear and cried so that people being with her were terrified and trembled. Finally, when she was exhausted with so many fears and was only waiting for death, she was brought by the nuns to the Ilyin monastery, to the miraculous icon of the Most Holy Mother of God, for the Saturday Akathist. Here, by the grace of Our Lady Intercessor, all dreams, apparitions, and fears left her, and she returned, having the help of the Mother of God against the entire enemy's force, which no longer could cause her such suffering. Miracle 6 in 1672. One man named Lavrentiy, a resident of Chernihiv, got mad and, as is commonly the case with such people, ran around the town and the field at night. One day, he wanted to drown in the river, but he was captured and brought to the miraculous icon in the Ilyin monastery. During the monks' prayer for him, the grace of the Mother of God gave him intellect, sense, and reason. So, being healthy and sane, he returned home, praising the Mother of God Who brought him to reason. Miracle 7. Andrey Rachkevich, captain of the army of his Imperial Majesty, lived in Chernigov castle with his wife of the Roman faith. His daughter was in shrouds because of grave illness, she was dumb and blind, her eyes were covered with scabs and swelled up with pus... Her father and mother, weeping, brought her, close to death, with faith to the Ilyin monastery and put her before the miraculous icon of the Most Holy Mother of God, warmly praying for the healing of their daughter. The Akathist to the Mother of God was read as usual; it was Saturday. And so, at the reading, that girl shrouded began letting out a plaintive voice and, having freed the hands from the shrouds, began to wipe her eyes. Parents rejoiced and, having lifted their daughter off the ground, found that scales of scabs fell away from the eyes, and the child became healthy all over. Seeing this, everyone who happened to be there gave glory to God and the Mother of God...Continue reading the list of miracles

#orthodoxy #orthodox christian #icon #iconography #wonderworking #miracles #sacredart #faith

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rabbitcruiser · 1 year ago

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Gandhi Jayanti

“Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” – Mahatma Gandhi

History of Gandhi Jayanti

Happy Gandhi Jayanti Quotes

‘An eye for an eye will only make the whole blind.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is like an ocean. If a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean not become dirty.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘Each night, when I go to sleep,I die.And the next morning, When I wake up, I am reborn.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

How to Celebrate Gandhi Jayanti

Source

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davidhudson · 1 year ago

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Mahatma Gandhi, October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948.

#mahatma gandhi

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peligin-eyed · 1 year ago

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Name: Ambrose Blake

Pronouns: He/him

Addressed as: Sir

Born: 2 October, 1869 in Yorkshire, England

Ambition: Heart's Desire (completed)

Profession: Correspondent (Epistolant)

Skills: Persuasive, Watchful, Artisan of the Red Science

Quirks: Hedonist, Subtle, Ruthless

Allies: Bohemians, Society, certain Masters

Romantic Entanglements: In an open marriage with a Promethean Rogue (Gay)

Bio

A______ B____ was born in a small Yorkshire village, the third of five children (three sisters, one younger brother). His father was a gardener for the local noble estate and his mother did some work as a seamstress. He had trouble fitting in as a child. He always seemed to be too much- too eager to learn, too sensitive, too concerned with his appearance, too "soft." He spent a lot of time reading and daydreaming to escape the bullying he faced. From a young age, he felt that he was meant for something bigger than his little village could provide. Once he was old enough, he left home and set out to try to make something of himself.

He went to Paris, where he found himself feeling at home for the first time among the bohemian artistic set. He also racked up considerable drinking and gambling debts, had some regrettable sexual encounters with people he couldn’t easily avoid afterward, and got in trouble with the law on multiple occasions. On one of those occasions, he managed to talk his way into being deported back to England just to get away from his problems, and he ended up in New Newgate.

London seemed like the perfect place to try to start fresh. Ambrose adopted a new name, a new accent, and kept any details of his past as vague as possible. He stopped feigning even a hint of interest in women and immediately started delving deep into all the weirdness and debauchery the Neath had to offer. He heard about a card game where you could gamble your soul to win your greatest desire and though that sounded like a smashing good time. He was a bit of a detective in his early London days, before learning about the Correspondence and becoming fascinated by it. He had some missteps as he was trying to establish himself, made friends and enemies in equal numbers, but eventually he found his footing as a promising writer and blossoming socialite.

Over time, he grew into a Correspondent and a regular fixture at parties both respectable and scandalous. Nowadays, he is celebrated as Poet-Laureate of the Neath, a renowned scholar of the Correspondence, and a somewhat controversial figure among certain academic circles. One seems to run into him constantly when out and about in London. He's not known for taking a solid stance on much of anything apart from fashion, art, and wine.

There are rumors that he is immortal, that he has performed unholy scientific experiments on himself and others, that he has had numerous licentious affairs with non-humans, that he holds some sway over the Masters and London itself. Are any of the rumors true? Well, he certainly won't confirm or deny, he'll tell you with a sly smile.

#oc: the esoteric aesthete

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theoriginalblackwoman · 2 years ago

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Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, known as Sissieretta Jones, (January 5, 1868 or 1869[1] – June 24, 1933[2]) was an African-American soprano. She sometimes was called “The Black Patti” in reference to Italian opera singerAdelina Patti. Jones’ repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music.[3]

Matilda Sissieretta Joyner was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, to Jeremiah Malachi Joyner, an African Methodist Episcopal minister, and Henrietta Beale.[2] By 1876 her family moved to Providence, Rhode Island,[4]where she began singing at an early age in her father’s Pond Street Baptist Church.[2]

In 1883, Joyner began the formal study of music at the Providence Academy of Music. The same year she married David Richard Jones, a news dealer and hotel bellman. In the late 1880s, Jones was accepted at the New England Conservatory of Music.[1] On October 29, 1885, Jones gave a solo performance in Providence as an opening act to a production of Richard IIIput on by John A. Arneaux‘s theatre troupe.[5] In 1887, she performed at Boston’s Music Hall before an audience of 5,000.[2]

Jones made her New York debut on April 5, 1888, at Steinway Hall.[1] During a performance at Wallack’s Theater in New York, Jones came to the attention of Adelina Patti’s manager, who recommended that Jones tour the West Indies with the Fisk Jubilee Singers.[2] Jones made successful tours of the Caribbean in 1888 and 1892.[1]

In February 1892, Jones performed at the White House for PresidentBenjamin Harrison.[2] She eventually sang for four consecutive presidents — Harrison, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt— and the British royal family.[1][2][3]

Jones performed at the Grand Negro Jubilee at New York’s Madison Square Garden in April 1892 before an audience of 75,000. She sang the song “Swanee River” and selections from La traviata.[3] She was so popular that she was invited to perform at the Pittsburgh Exposition (1892) and the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1893).[4]

In June 1892, Jones became the first African-American to sing at the Music Hall in New York (renamed Carnegie Hall the following year).[1][7] Among the selections in her program were Charles Gounod‘s “Ave Maria” and Giuseppe Verdi‘s “Sempre libera” (from La traviata).[1] The New York Echowrote of her performance at the Music Hall: “If Mme Jones is not the equal of Adelina Patti, she at least can come nearer it than anything the American public has heard. Her notes are as clear as a mockingbird’s and her annunciation perfect.”[1] On June 8, 1892, her career elevated beyond primary ethnic communities, and was furthered when she received a contract, with the possibility of a two-year extension, for $150 per week (plus expenses) with Mayor James B. Pond, who had meaningful affiliations to many authors and musicians.[8] The company Troubadours made an important statement about the capabilities of black performers, that besides minstrelsy, there were other areas of genre and style.[8]

In 1893, Jones met composer Antonín Dvořák, and in January 1894 she performed parts of his Symphony No. 9 at Madison Square Garden. Dvořák wrote a solo part for Jones.[1]

Jones met with international success. Besides the United States and the West Indies, Jones toured in South America, Australia, India, and southern Africa.[1] During a European tour in 1895 and 1896, Jones performed in London, Paris, Berlin, Cologne, Munich, Milan, and Saint Petersburg.[9]

In 1896, Jones returned to Providence to care for her mother, who had become ill.[1] Jones found that access to most American classical concert halls was limited by racism. She formed the Black Patti Troubadours (later renamed the Black Patti Musical Comedy Company), a musical and acrobatic act made up of 40 jugglers, comedians, dancers and a chorus of 40 trained singers.[2] The Indianapolis Freeman reviewed the “Black Patti Troubadours” with the following: “The rendition which she and the entire company give of this reportorial opera selection is said to be incomparably grand. Not only is the solo singing of the highest order, but the choruses are rendered with a spirit and musical finish which never fail to excite genuine enthusiasm.[10]

The revue paired Jones with rising vaudeville composers Bob Cole and Billy Johnson. The show consisted of a musical skit, followed by a series of short songs and acrobatic performances. During the final third of each show, Jones performed arias and operatic excerpts.[9] The revue provided Jones with a comfortable income, reportedly in excess of $20,000 per year. She led the company with reassurance of a forty-week season that would give her a sustainable income, guaranteed lodging in a well-appointed and stylish Pullman car, and the ability to sing opera and operetta excerpts in the final section of the show.[8] This allowed Jones to be the highest paid African American performer of her time.[8] Jones sung passionately and pursued her career choice of opera and different repertory regardless to her lack of audience attendance.[8] For more than two decades, Jones remained the star of the Famous Troubadours, while they graciously toured every season and established their popularity in the principal cities of the United States and Canada.[11] Although their eventual fame and international tours collected many audiences, they began with a “free-for-all” variety production with plenty of “low” comedy, song and dance, and no pretense of a coherent story line.[12]

Several members of the troupe, such as Bert Williams, went on to become famous.[1] April 1908, at the Avenue Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky, an audience made up mostly of whites (segregated seating was still prevalent), accepted Madam ‘Patti’ after singing ‘My Old Kentucky Home’ with much respect and admiration, and marked “the first time that a colored performer received a bouquet at the theatre in this city”.[12] For almost ten years, racial segregation had kept Jones from the mainstream opera platform, but by singing selections from operas within the context of a hard-traveling minstrel and variety show, she was still able to utilize her gifted voice, that people of all races loved.[12] The Black Patti Troubadours reveled in vernacular music and dance.[12]

Jones retired from performing in 1915 because her mother fell ill, so she moved back to Rhode Island to take care of her. For more than two decades, Jones remained the star of the Famous Troubadours, while they graciously toured every season and established their popularity in the principal cities of the United States and Canada.[12] She devoted the remainder of her life to her church and to caring for her mother. Jones was forced to sell most of her property to survive.[1][2] She died in poverty on June 24, 1933 from cancer. She is buried in her hometown at Grace Church Cemetery.[2]

In 2013 Jones was inducted into the Rhode Island Music Hall of Fame.[13]

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_Sissieretta_Joyner_Jones

Photos from Wiki Commons

#sissieretta black patti jones #blackherstory #black womens history #lightopera #popularmusic #grandopera

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a-land-lacking-sleep · 2 years ago

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Electric Trains are the Future Timeline

Since I plan for Electric Trains are the Future to cover multiple time periods with small time skips throughout, as well as small one-shots/smaller stories connected to it, I wanted to put a timeline together for it that I will update as the story goes on and more stories are added. Note: There are two time periods in this fic, but they are both tracked here.

Hisuian Era

October 28th, 1868 - Ingo appears in the Alabaster Icelands of Hisui, and becomes a rumored spirit.

November 7th, 1868 - Gaeric sees Ingo atop Avalugg’s Legacy.

November 9th, 1868 - Lady Sneasler arrives at the Pearl Settlement with a bloodied Ingo. Ingo receives medical attention, and after seeing that he is without memories or a home, he is welcomed into the Pearl Clan.

September 30th, 1869 - The Galaxy Expedition Team lands in Prelude Beach, and sets up a base camp in a natural valley. After a few weeks of discussion with Irida and Adaman, Galaxy Commander Denboku Kamado is allowed to settle his people permanently in what becomes Jubilife Village, and given leave to bring more settlers, as long as sovereign lands and treaties with the Clans are respected.

December 19th, 1869 - Shiki, the Warden of Lady Sneasler, passes away at age 87. After a week of mourning, Sneasler chooses Ingo, who Shiki had been helping get used to Clan life, as her new Warden. He is official indicted as Warden on December 29th.

January 13th, 1871 - The Space-Time Rift tears itself open above Mt. Coronet, sending both the Clans and Jubilife into a panic.

September 18th, 1871 - Hikari falls from the sky and takes the name Akari as she joins the Galaxy Expedition Team. The next night, after she is accepted into the Team, Lord Kleavor is sent into a Frenzy.

September 18th, 1871 to January 30th, 1871 - The events of Pokemon Legends Arceus take place. Akari, 15, frees the Nobles of their Frenzy, is banished for a short time, and defeats Volo at the Spear Pillar.

March 18th, 1872 - Akari accidentally summons Elesa into Hisui, and Electric Trains are the Future begins. Akari spends the night talking with Giratina to plan how to fix her mistake, and Elesa and Ingo talk about their shared history.

March 19th, 1872 - Elesa begins work at Edith’s Hair Salon and with the Galaxy Security Corp. Later that day, Warden Ingo collapses due to the strain of his memories returning.

June 24th, 1872 - Warden Ingo’s coat is restored by Elesa.

July 2nd, 1872 - Akari completes the Hisuian Pokedex, evolving her last Pokemon and turning it in to Laventon. That night, she gets a text on her Arc Phone, summoning her to the Temple, and a new page adds itself to the Pokedex.

July 5th, 1872 - While investigating potential locations for a new Galaxy-funded Village, Warden Ingo falls from a cliff face.

July 6th, 1872 - Warden Ingo is in critical but non-life threatening condition.

Modern Sinnoan/Unovan Era

August 18th, 2010 - Ingo and Emmet Grayn, 23, form the Battle Subway in Nimbasa City with the support of Champion Alder and League Official Palmer Walton. Ingo has been Head of the Unovan Transportation Authority for 4 months.

June 2012 to November 2012 - The events of Pokémon Black take place. Hilbert Blackmore, 14, bonds with Reshiram, the Dragon of Truth, and defeats N, the King of Team Plasma and trainer bonded to Zekrom, the Dragon of Ideals. Though inducted into the Hall of Fame, Hilbert refuses the position of Champion and leaves Unova to search for N.

October 17th, 2013 - Alder Begay, 56, steps down as the Unova League Champion after holding the position for 16 years. Iris Grayn, 14, the co-Gym Leader of Opelucid Gym, is appointed to the position of Champion due to her previous win against the League Champion in an exhibition match. Drayden Grayn, 65, returns to being the full-time Gym Leader.

April 2014 to September 2014 - The story of Pokémon Black 2 takes place. Nate Rivers, 13, defeats a renewed Team Plasma, and completes his Gym Challenge. He faces against Champion Iris, but is unsuccessful, and begins working in earnest at Pokéstar Studios.

December 23rd, 2016 - Palmer Walton moves to Sinnoh to establish the Battle Tower, as well as to take care of his ailing mother. His family moves with him.

June 8th, 2017 - Elesa Stark, 31, and Skyla Cirrus, 29, are married in a private ceremony in Lentimas with friends and family.

December 25th, 2017 - In a Delibird Day Miracle, Hilbert Blackmore, 19, returns to Unova after interning at the Indigo League with Kukui Mahi’ai, 21. A few weeks after his return, Hilbet challenges the League once more, defeating Iris Grayn, now 18, and taking the spot as Champion. Iris takes control of Opelucid Gym, while Drayden, now 69, retires to administrative work.

February 18th, 2018 - Palmer expands the Battle Tower into a Battle Frontier.

November 28th, 2018 - During a check on Pokémon in the tunnels, Ingo Grayn, 32, disappears and remains missing. Multiple regional Leagues look into the disappearance, but no major leads are found.

January 2019 to July 2019 - The events of a Pokémon Platinum Remake occur. Hikari Mifune, alongside Lucas Kubo and Barry Walton, all age 12, take down Team Galactic in the Sinnoh region. Hikari and Barry both finish their Gym Challenge, and while Barry is unable to defeat Lucian Hale, Hikari defeats the Champion, Cynthia Kurosawa. Note: This event is used by both Interpol and the Aether Foundation to help ascertain when they are dealing with Fallers or Travelers from other realities, as almost every other reality had these events happen in 2007.

September 13th, 2019 - Hilda Whitman, 21, is instated as the new Subway Boss full-time, moving from the Afternoon Singles line to running Singles and Super Singles on all operating days. She battles alongside Emmet on the Multi Lines in addition to her Single Lines duties. Rosa Whitaker, 19, is hired as a Depot Agent for the Double Line.

April 14th to June 3rd, 2020 - Team Plasma resurges, attempting to attack the Subway and Pokemon League before they were quickly quashed by N Gropius, Hilbert Blackmore, and Rosa Whitaker.

September 21st, 2020 - Grimsley Winstar, 38, resigns from the Unovan Elite Four due to a medicial emergency. After a short search, N Gropius, 28, is hired on to replace him, taking over both the spot and the typing.

February 19th, 2021 - Elesa Stark, 35, and Emmet Grayn, 34, are married in a small ceremony in Anville Town, with only family and close friends in attendence.

September 18th, 2021 - Hikari Mifune, 15, disappears from her room. There are no signs of entry or exit, and her Pokemon were still in the house. Investigations are ongoing.

March 18th, 2022 - Elesa Stark, 36, disappears from the runway of her Gym during a photoshoot. Investigations are ongoing.

May 31st, 2022 - Emmet meets with Professor Burnet Mahi’ai, 27, of Alola to discuss what may have happened to Elesa. Volo, age unknown takes the chance to visit the Ruins of Life with Professor Kukui Mahi’ai.

June 18th, 2022 - Emmet returns to Nimbasa City briefly with Volo and Alolan Champion Elio Nozawa, 12, to check in on the Transport Authority and investigate Ingo’s disappearance.

July 5th, 2022 - Emmet collapses in the Eterna Forest, and is taken to Galactic Urgent Care in Eterna City. He is discharged within hours, but is unconscious through the ordeal.

July 6th, 2022 - Emmet meets with former Sinnoh Champion Cynthia Kurosawa, and makes a plan to find their missing families.

#submas #submas fic #pokemon legends arceus #pokemon legends arceus fic #pokemon legends arceus spoilers #fic crafting #Electric Trains fic #evolving post #pokemon ingo #ingo #pokemon elesa #elesa #pokemon hikari #pokemon akari #akari #pokemon emmet #emmet #headcanon mixed with canon

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