#2 February 1653

[rabbitcruiser]

New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) was incorporated on February 2, 1653.    

[brookston]

Holidays 2.2

Holidays

Ayn Rand Day

Battle of Mysunde Day (Denmark)

Battle of Stalingrad Anniversary Day

Bonza Bottler Day

Chris Kyle Day (Texas)

Commemoration of the Batepá Massacre (São Tomé and Principe)

Day of Youth (Azerbaijan)

Feast of Torches

Femminiello Pride Day (Italy)

Filbert Day (French Republic)

George III Day (University of King’s College)

Grand Central Station Day

Groundhog Day  (a.k.a. ... 

Badger Day

Brewhog Day

Groundhog Job Shadow Day

Hedgehog Day

”I Got You Babe” Day

Marmot Day (Alaska)

When the Bear Wakes Up Day (Croatia, Serbia)

Harold Ramis Day (Chicago)

HarryStrong Day

Howard Johnson Day

Hromnice (Czech Republic)

International CHD2 Awareness Day

International Sex Education Day

Inventor’s Day (Thailand)

Lung Leavin’ Day

Mad Pelagius Day (Elder Scrolls)

Mindfulness Day

National Agriculture Day (Argentina)

National Catcher’s Day

National Change Your Windshield Wipers Day

National Indigenous Day (Colombia)

National League Baseball Day

National River Day

National Space Technology Day (Iran)

Neuroblastoma Awareness Day (Australia)

Play Your Ukulele Day

Purification Day

Record of a Sneeze Day

Remember Gene Kelly Day

Rheumatoid Arthritis Awareness Day

Self-Renewal Day

Serpent Day (Celtic)

Sled Dog Day

Sonam Locher (Sikkim, India)

Trader’s Day (Poland)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Day (Mexico/US)

Treaty of Tartu Day (Estonia)

Twintail Day (Japan)

Veja Diena (Day of Wind; Ancient Latvia)

Victory of the Battle of Stalingrad Day (Russia)

Wear Red Day

Wives' Feast Day

World Day for Consecrated Life

World Tutu Day

World 2FA Day

World Ukulele Day (a.k.a. World Play Your Ukulele Day)

World Wetlands Day (UN)

Youth Day (Azerbaijan)

Zippo Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Brewhog Day

California Kiwi Fruit Day

Crêpes Day (France)

Heavenly Hash Day

Rolling Rock "33" Day

South African Wine Day

Tater Tot Day

Nature Celebrations

Amarillo Day (Texas)

National Brown Dog Day

Rooster Day (Bulgaria)

Snowdrop Day (Galanthus nivalis)

World Ostrich Day

Independence, Flag & Related Days

Constitution Day (Philippines)

1st Assembly of Parliament of UK of Great Britain and Ireland (1801)

New Amsterdam (Declared a Municipality; 1653)

New Year’s Days

Imbolc, Day 2 (a.k.a. Oimelc; Celtic, Pagan) [1 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]

1st Sunday in February

Areté Day (Southwestern Cross-Quarter; Aretéanism) [1st Sunday]

British Yorkshire Pudding Day [1st Sunday]

Dump Your Significant Jerk Day [1st Sunday]

Freelance Writers Appreciation Week begins [1st Sunday]

Homstrom (Burning of the Straw Man; Switzerland) [1st Sunday]

India MS Day (India) [1st Sunday]

National Day of Prayer for the African American & African Family [1st Sunday]

National Girls and Women in Sports Day [1st Sunday]

New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church (Sunday nearest 2.7]

Scout Sunday [or Sunday before 2.8]

Seven For Sunday [Every Sunday]

Snack Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

Spiritual Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

Start Over Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

St. Ives’ Feast (Cornwall, UK) [Sunday nearest February 3]

Sundae Sunday [Every Sunday]

Sunday Funday [Every Sunday]

World Cepelinai Day [1st Sunday]

World Meditation Day [1st Sunday of Every Month]

Weekly Holidays beginning February 2 (1st Week of February)

Boy Scout Anniversary Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Burn Awareness Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Children’s Authors and Illustrators Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Dump Your Significant Jerk Week (thru 2.8) [Week before 2.14]

Feeding Tube Awareness Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Intimate Apparel Market Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National Children’s Mental Health Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National Crime Prevention Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National School Counseling Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Pay Your Bills Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Publicity for Profit Week (thru 2.8)

Festivals Beginning February 2, 2025

Farm Toy Show (Eaton, Ohio)

Grammy Awards (Los Angeles, California)

Lowcountry Oyster Festival (Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina)

Pro Bowl (Orlando, Florida)

Saturn Awards (Burbank, California)

Wine Classic (Los Angeles, California)

WSWA’s Access Live (Denver, Colorado) [thru 2.6]

Feast Days

Adalbard or Ostrevant (Christian; Saint & Martyr)

Bear Goddess Day (Euro-Pagan; Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Candlemas  (a.k.a. ... 

Candelaria Festival (a.k.a. Virgen de la Candelaria; Puno, Peru)

Candlemas Sabbat (Everyday Wicca)

Chandeleur Candlemas (France)

Chasing Crows Day

Crêpe Day (France)

Dia de la Candelaria (Mexico)

Feast of Candelaria (Bolivia)

Feast of Our Lady of Navigators (Brazil)

Feast of the Holy Encounter (Western Christianity)

Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple (Western Christianity)

Feast if the Presentation of the Lord (Western Christianity)

Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Western Christianity)

La Fete de la Chandeleur (Canada, France)

Le Jour des Crepes (Crepes Day; France)

Mariä Lichtmess (Liechtenstein)

Matka Boska Gromniczna (Mother of God of the Blessed Thunder Candle; Poland)

Our Lady of the Candles (Filipino Catholics)

Quarter Day (Scotland)

Virgin of Candelaria (Tenerife, Spain)

Yemanja (a.k.a. Our Lady of Navigators; Candomblé)

Celebration of Yemanja (Candomblé, the Sea Goddess)

Charming of the Plough (Pagan)

Columbanus of Ghent (Christian; Hermit) [Belgium, brewers]

Cornelius the Centurion (Christian; Saint)

Dabucuri ucuqui, (Initiation Rites of the Young Men; to Jurupari, South American Guarani/Tupi God)

Day of the Virgin of Candelaria [Canary Islands; Tenerife, Spain]

Festival of Juno Februa (Ancient Rome)

Groundhog Day (Pastafarian)

Imbolc, Day 2 (a.k.a. Oimelc; Celtic, Pagan) [1 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]

James Joyce (Humanism; Writerism)

Jeanne de Lestonnac (Roman Catholic)

Lady Day (Everyday Wicca)

Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican Church)

Lesser Eleusinian Mysteries, Day 2 of 3 (Ancient Greece festival honoring Ceres, Demeter, Persephone, and Proserpine)

Martyrs of Ebsdorf (Christian; Martyrs)

Michaelangelo Cerquozzi Artology)

Our Lady of Suyapa (Honduras)

Oya’s Day (Pagan)

Raya (Muppetism)

Roger Corman Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Sophocles (Positivist; Saint)

Vasant Panchami (a.k.a. Saraswati Puja; Celebrating harvest goddess Saraswati; Hindu)

Wand Dedication Day (Shamanism)

Wives’ Feast Day (Northern England)

Lunar Calendar Holidays

Chinese: Month 1 (Wu-Yin), Day 5 (Ren-Yin)

Day Pillar: Water Tiger

12-Day Officers/12 Gods: Remove Day (除 Chu) [Auspicious]

Holidays: Spring Festival Golden Week

Secular Saints Days

Sébastien Bourdon (Art)

Christie Brinkley (Entertainment)

George Loring Brown (Art)

Eva Cassidy (Music)

Blake Clark (Entertainment)

James Dickey (Literature)

Donald Driver (Sports)

Havelock Ellis (Literature)

Stan Getz (Music)

Nell Gwyn (Entertainment)

James Heifetz (Music)

Holly Hunter (Entertainment)

James Joyce (Literature)

Fritz Kreisler (Music)

Robert Mandan (Entertainment)

Graham Nash (Music)

Robert Philipp (Art)

José Guadalupe Posada (Art)

Enrique Simonet (Art)

Tom Smothers (Entertainment)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [7 of 71]

Taian (大安 Japan) [Lucky all day.]

Uncyclopedia Bad to Be Born Today (because it's always cold and miserable on February 2. Unless you live in Australia, in which case it's hot and miserable.)

Premieres

Altered Carbon (TV Series; 2018)

Baseball Bugs (WB LT Cartoon; 1946)

Batman: Bad Blood (WB Animated Film; 2016)

The Benny Goodman Story (Film; 1956)

Beyond the Horizon, by Eugene O’Neill (Play; 1920)

Boston Beanie (Columbia Favorites Cartoon; 1956)

The Boxing Kangaroo (Fleischer Goldwyn-Bray Pictographs Out of the Inkwell Cartoon; 1920)

Cartoonland (Fleischer Goldwyn-Bray Pictographs Out of the Inkwell Cartoon; 1921)

Charlie Brown, by The Coasters (Song; 1959)

Cinema Paradiso (Film; 1990)

A Clockwork Orange (Film; 1972)

The Coo-Coo Bird Dog (Color Rhapsody Cartoon; 1949)

The Crystal Cave, by Mary Stewart (Novel; 1970) [Arthurian Saga #1]

Dating Do’s and Don’ts: How to Be a ‘Mr. Good-Date’ (WB Cartoon; 2005)

Feed the Kitty (WB MM Cartoon; 1952)

For Scentimental Reasons (Blue Ribbon Hit Parade Cartoon; 1957)

Ghost in the Shell (Anime Film; 1996)

Grand Central Station (NYC Train Station; 1913)

The Great Train Robbery (Film; 1979)

A Hot Time in Iceland (Universal Cartoon; 1916)

Il Nano e la Strega (a.k.a. King Dick; Animated Italian Film; 1975)

In a Dark Wood Wandering, by Hella S. Haasse (Novel: 1949)

The Kangaroo Kid (Columbia Favorites Cartoon; 1950)

Knights of Columbus (Fraternal Organization; 1882)

Landing an Heiress (Mutt & Jeff Cartoon; 1919)

The Last Continent, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1998) [Discworld #22]

The Lion Tamer (Amos ’n Andy Cartoon; 1934)

Little Black Sambo (ComiColor Cartoon; 1936)

Little Lambkins (Fleischer Color Classics Cartoon; 1940)

Long Day’s Journey into Night, by Eugene O’Neill (Play; 1956)

Louise, by Gustave Carpenters (Opera; 1900)

The Mechanical Man (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1932)

The Midnight Special (Music TV Series; 1973)

Mockingbird, by Carly Simon and James Taylor (Song; 1974)

Mother Night, by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (Novel; 1962)

Napoleon Blown-Aparte (The Inspector Cartoon; 1966)

National League (Professional Baseball League; 1876)

Never Bug an Ant (Ant & the Aardvark Cartoon; 1969)

Night Life in Tokyo, featuring Hashimoto (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1961)

The Nutcracker, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, choreographed by George Balanchine (US Ballet; 1954)

O Brother, Where Art Thou? (Film; 2008)

Oliver’s Army, by Elvis Costello (Song; 1978)

Pam & Tommy (TV Mini-Series; 2022)

Pick-Up, by Charles Willeford (Novel; 1955)

The Point!, by Harry Nilsson (Animated TV Special; 1971)

The Port of Missing Mice (Mighty Mouse Cartoon; 1945)

Powerless (TV Series; 2017)

Puddle Pranks (Flip the Frog MGM Cartoon; 1930)

Red Hot Mama (Betty Boop Cartoon; 1934)

Robinson Gruesome (Chilly Willy Cartoon; 1959)

Self (Pixar SparkShorts Cartoon; 2024)

Sonnets to Orpheus, by Rainer Maria Rilke (Poems; 1923)

South Pacific (Broadway Musical; 1949)

Susie Q, recorded by Dale Hawkins (Song; 1957)

The Thief's Journal, by Jean Genet (Novel; 1949)

Tomcat Combat (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1959)

A Trick of the Tail, by Genesis (Album; 1976)

Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1602)

Ulysses, by James Joyce (Novel; 1922)

Under the Speading Blacksmith Tree (Fable Cartoon; 1942)

When G.I. Johnny Comes Home (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1945)

Whose Body?, by Dorothy L. Sayers (Novel; 1923) [1st Perter Wimsey]

Witty Kitty (Hickory, Dickory & Doc Cartoon; 1960)

Today’s Name Days

Bodo (Austria)

Marija, Marijan, Svjetlana (Croatia)

Nela (Czech Republic)

Leegi, Säde (Estonia)

Aamu, Jemina, Lumi (Finland)

Théophane (France)

Bodo, Mariä Lichtmess, Stephan (Germany)

Ipapanti, Ypapante, Ypapanti (Greece)

Aida, Karolina (Hungary)

Maurizio, Sabatino (Italy)

Spīdola, Spidols (Latvia)

Kantvydas, Rytis, Valdemaras, Vandenė (Lithuania)

Jomar, Jostein (Norway)

Joanna, Korneliusz, Maria, Miłosława (Poland)

Inna (Russia)

Erik, Erika (Slovakia)

Candelaria, Purificación (Spain)

Aleta, Aletha, Alethea, Alida, Alita, Lita (USA)

Today’s National Name Days

National Brendan Day

National Frank Day

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 33 of 2025; 332 days remaining in the year

ISO Week: Day 7 of Week 5 of 2025

Celtic Tree Calendar: Luis (Rowan) [Day 13 of 28]

Chinese: Month 1 (Wu-Yin), Day 5 (Ten-Yin)

Chinese Year of the: Snake 4723 (until February 17, 2026) [Ding-Chou]

Coptic: 25 Tubah 1741

Druid Tree Calendar: Cypress (Jan 25-Feb 3) [Day 9 of 10]

Hebrew: 4 Shevat 5785

Islamic: 3 Sha’ban 1446

Julian: 20 January 2025

Moon: 22%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 5 Homer (2nd Month) [Sophocles)

Runic Half Month: Elhaz (Elk) [Day 12 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 44 of 90)

SUn Calendar: 3 Gray; Threesday [3 of 30]

Week: 1st Week of February

Zodiac:

Tropical (Typical) Zodiac: Aquarius (Day 14 of 30)

Sidereal Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 19 of 29)

Schmidt Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 8 of 27)

IAU Boundaries (Current) Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 14 of 28)

IAU Boundaries (1977) Zodiac: Capricornus (Day 15 of 28)

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 2.2

Holidays

Ayn Rand Day

Battle of Mysunde Day (Denmark)

Battle of Stalingrad Anniversary Day

Bonza Bottler Day

Chris Kyle Day (Texas)

Commemoration of the Batepá Massacre (São Tomé and Principe)

Day of Youth (Azerbaijan)

Feast of Torches

Femminiello Pride Day (Italy)

Filbert Day (French Republic)

George III Day (University of King’s College)

Grand Central Station Day

Groundhog Day  (a.k.a. ... 

Badger Day

Brewhog Day

Groundhog Job Shadow Day

Hedgehog Day

”I Got You Babe” Day

Marmot Day (Alaska)

When the Bear Wakes Up Day (Croatia, Serbia)

Harold Ramis Day (Chicago)

HarryStrong Day

Howard Johnson Day

Hromnice (Czech Republic)

International CHD2 Awareness Day

International Sex Education Day

Inventor’s Day (Thailand)

Lung Leavin’ Day

Mad Pelagius Day (Elder Scrolls)

Mindfulness Day

National Agriculture Day (Argentina)

National Catcher’s Day

National Change Your Windshield Wipers Day

National Indigenous Day (Colombia)

National League Baseball Day

National River Day

National Space Technology Day (Iran)

Neuroblastoma Awareness Day (Australia)

Play Your Ukulele Day

Purification Day

Record of a Sneeze Day

Remember Gene Kelly Day

Rheumatoid Arthritis Awareness Day

Self-Renewal Day

Serpent Day (Celtic)

Sled Dog Day

Sonam Locher (Sikkim, India)

Trader’s Day (Poland)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Day (Mexico/US)

Treaty of Tartu Day (Estonia)

Twintail Day (Japan)

Veja Diena (Day of Wind; Ancient Latvia)

Victory of the Battle of Stalingrad Day (Russia)

Wear Red Day

Wives' Feast Day

World Day for Consecrated Life

World Tutu Day

World 2FA Day

World Ukulele Day (a.k.a. World Play Your Ukulele Day)

World Wetlands Day (UN)

Youth Day (Azerbaijan)

Zippo Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Brewhog Day

California Kiwi Fruit Day

Crêpes Day (France)

Heavenly Hash Day

Rolling Rock "33" Day

South African Wine Day

Tater Tot Day

Nature Celebrations

Amarillo Day (Texas)

National Brown Dog Day

Rooster Day (Bulgaria)

Snowdrop Day (Galanthus nivalis)

World Ostrich Day

Independence, Flag & Related Days

Constitution Day (Philippines)

1st Assembly of Parliament of UK of Great Britain and Ireland (1801)

New Amsterdam (Declared a Municipality; 1653)

New Year’s Days

Imbolc, Day 2 (a.k.a. Oimelc; Celtic, Pagan) [1 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]

1st Sunday in February

Areté Day (Southwestern Cross-Quarter; Aretéanism) [1st Sunday]

British Yorkshire Pudding Day [1st Sunday]

Dump Your Significant Jerk Day [1st Sunday]

Freelance Writers Appreciation Week begins [1st Sunday]

Homstrom (Burning of the Straw Man; Switzerland) [1st Sunday]

India MS Day (India) [1st Sunday]

National Day of Prayer for the African American & African Family [1st Sunday]

National Girls and Women in Sports Day [1st Sunday]

New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church (Sunday nearest 2.7]

Scout Sunday [or Sunday before 2.8]

Seven For Sunday [Every Sunday]

Snack Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

Spiritual Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

Start Over Sunday [1st Sunday of Each Month]

St. Ives’ Feast (Cornwall, UK) [Sunday nearest February 3]

Sundae Sunday [Every Sunday]

Sunday Funday [Every Sunday]

World Cepelinai Day [1st Sunday]

World Meditation Day [1st Sunday of Every Month]

Weekly Holidays beginning February 2 (1st Week of February)

Boy Scout Anniversary Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Burn Awareness Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Children’s Authors and Illustrators Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Dump Your Significant Jerk Week (thru 2.8) [Week before 2.14]

Feeding Tube Awareness Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Intimate Apparel Market Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National Children’s Mental Health Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National Crime Prevention Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

National School Counseling Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Pay Your Bills Week (thru 2.8) [1st Full Week]

Publicity for Profit Week (thru 2.8)

Festivals Beginning February 2, 2025

Farm Toy Show (Eaton, Ohio)

Grammy Awards (Los Angeles, California)

Lowcountry Oyster Festival (Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina)

Pro Bowl (Orlando, Florida)

Saturn Awards (Burbank, California)

Wine Classic (Los Angeles, California)

WSWA’s Access Live (Denver, Colorado) [thru 2.6]

Feast Days

Adalbard or Ostrevant (Christian; Saint & Martyr)

Bear Goddess Day (Euro-Pagan; Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Candlemas  (a.k.a. ... 

Candelaria Festival (a.k.a. Virgen de la Candelaria; Puno, Peru)

Candlemas Sabbat (Everyday Wicca)

Chandeleur Candlemas (France)

Chasing Crows Day

Crêpe Day (France)

Dia de la Candelaria (Mexico)

Feast of Candelaria (Bolivia)

Feast of Our Lady of Navigators (Brazil)

Feast of the Holy Encounter (Western Christianity)

Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple (Western Christianity)

Feast if the Presentation of the Lord (Western Christianity)

Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Western Christianity)

La Fete de la Chandeleur (Canada, France)

Le Jour des Crepes (Crepes Day; France)

Mariä Lichtmess (Liechtenstein)

Matka Boska Gromniczna (Mother of God of the Blessed Thunder Candle; Poland)

Our Lady of the Candles (Filipino Catholics)

Quarter Day (Scotland)

Virgin of Candelaria (Tenerife, Spain)

Yemanja (a.k.a. Our Lady of Navigators; Candomblé)

Celebration of Yemanja (Candomblé, the Sea Goddess)

Charming of the Plough (Pagan)

Columbanus of Ghent (Christian; Hermit) [Belgium, brewers]

Cornelius the Centurion (Christian; Saint)

Dabucuri ucuqui, (Initiation Rites of the Young Men; to Jurupari, South American Guarani/Tupi God)

Day of the Virgin of Candelaria [Canary Islands; Tenerife, Spain]

Festival of Juno Februa (Ancient Rome)

Groundhog Day (Pastafarian)

Imbolc, Day 2 (a.k.a. Oimelc; Celtic, Pagan) [1 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]

James Joyce (Humanism; Writerism)

Jeanne de Lestonnac (Roman Catholic)

Lady Day (Everyday Wicca)

Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican Church)

Lesser Eleusinian Mysteries, Day 2 of 3 (Ancient Greece festival honoring Ceres, Demeter, Persephone, and Proserpine)

Martyrs of Ebsdorf (Christian; Martyrs)

Michaelangelo Cerquozzi Artology)

Our Lady of Suyapa (Honduras)

Oya’s Day (Pagan)

Raya (Muppetism)

Roger Corman Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Sophocles (Positivist; Saint)

Vasant Panchami (a.k.a. Saraswati Puja; Celebrating harvest goddess Saraswati; Hindu)

Wand Dedication Day (Shamanism)

Wives’ Feast Day (Northern England)

Lunar Calendar Holidays

Chinese: Month 1 (Wu-Yin), Day 5 (Ren-Yin)

Day Pillar: Water Tiger

12-Day Officers/12 Gods: Remove Day (除 Chu) [Auspicious]

Holidays: Spring Festival Golden Week

Secular Saints Days

Sébastien Bourdon (Art)

Christie Brinkley (Entertainment)

George Loring Brown (Art)

Eva Cassidy (Music)

Blake Clark (Entertainment)

James Dickey (Literature)

Donald Driver (Sports)

Havelock Ellis (Literature)

Stan Getz (Music)

Nell Gwyn (Entertainment)

James Heifetz (Music)

Holly Hunter (Entertainment)

James Joyce (Literature)

Fritz Kreisler (Music)

Robert Mandan (Entertainment)

Graham Nash (Music)

Robert Philipp (Art)

José Guadalupe Posada (Art)

Enrique Simonet (Art)

Tom Smothers (Entertainment)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [7 of 71]

Taian (大安 Japan) [Lucky all day.]

Uncyclopedia Bad to Be Born Today (because it's always cold and miserable on February 2. Unless you live in Australia, in which case it's hot and miserable.)

Premieres

Altered Carbon (TV Series; 2018)

Baseball Bugs (WB LT Cartoon; 1946)

Batman: Bad Blood (WB Animated Film; 2016)

The Benny Goodman Story (Film; 1956)

Beyond the Horizon, by Eugene O’Neill (Play; 1920)

Boston Beanie (Columbia Favorites Cartoon; 1956)

The Boxing Kangaroo (Fleischer Goldwyn-Bray Pictographs Out of the Inkwell Cartoon; 1920)

Cartoonland (Fleischer Goldwyn-Bray Pictographs Out of the Inkwell Cartoon; 1921)

Charlie Brown, by The Coasters (Song; 1959)

Cinema Paradiso (Film; 1990)

A Clockwork Orange (Film; 1972)

The Coo-Coo Bird Dog (Color Rhapsody Cartoon; 1949)

The Crystal Cave, by Mary Stewart (Novel; 1970) [Arthurian Saga #1]

Dating Do’s and Don’ts: How to Be a ‘Mr. Good-Date’ (WB Cartoon; 2005)

Feed the Kitty (WB MM Cartoon; 1952)

For Scentimental Reasons (Blue Ribbon Hit Parade Cartoon; 1957)

Ghost in the Shell (Anime Film; 1996)

Grand Central Station (NYC Train Station; 1913)

The Great Train Robbery (Film; 1979)

A Hot Time in Iceland (Universal Cartoon; 1916)

Il Nano e la Strega (a.k.a. King Dick; Animated Italian Film; 1975)

In a Dark Wood Wandering, by Hella S. Haasse (Novel: 1949)

The Kangaroo Kid (Columbia Favorites Cartoon; 1950)

Knights of Columbus (Fraternal Organization; 1882)

Landing an Heiress (Mutt & Jeff Cartoon; 1919)

The Last Continent, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1998) [Discworld #22]

The Lion Tamer (Amos ’n Andy Cartoon; 1934)

Little Black Sambo (ComiColor Cartoon; 1936)

Little Lambkins (Fleischer Color Classics Cartoon; 1940)

Long Day’s Journey into Night, by Eugene O’Neill (Play; 1956)

Louise, by Gustave Carpenters (Opera; 1900)

The Mechanical Man (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1932)

The Midnight Special (Music TV Series; 1973)

Mockingbird, by Carly Simon and James Taylor (Song; 1974)

Mother Night, by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (Novel; 1962)

Napoleon Blown-Aparte (The Inspector Cartoon; 1966)

National League (Professional Baseball League; 1876)

Never Bug an Ant (Ant & the Aardvark Cartoon; 1969)

Night Life in Tokyo, featuring Hashimoto (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1961)

The Nutcracker, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, choreographed by George Balanchine (US Ballet; 1954)

O Brother, Where Art Thou? (Film; 2008)

Oliver’s Army, by Elvis Costello (Song; 1978)

Pam & Tommy (TV Mini-Series; 2022)

Pick-Up, by Charles Willeford (Novel; 1955)

The Point!, by Harry Nilsson (Animated TV Special; 1971)

The Port of Missing Mice (Mighty Mouse Cartoon; 1945)

Powerless (TV Series; 2017)

Puddle Pranks (Flip the Frog MGM Cartoon; 1930)

Red Hot Mama (Betty Boop Cartoon; 1934)

Robinson Gruesome (Chilly Willy Cartoon; 1959)

Self (Pixar SparkShorts Cartoon; 2024)

Sonnets to Orpheus, by Rainer Maria Rilke (Poems; 1923)

South Pacific (Broadway Musical; 1949)

Susie Q, recorded by Dale Hawkins (Song; 1957)

The Thief's Journal, by Jean Genet (Novel; 1949)

Tomcat Combat (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1959)

A Trick of the Tail, by Genesis (Album; 1976)

Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1602)

Ulysses, by James Joyce (Novel; 1922)

Under the Speading Blacksmith Tree (Fable Cartoon; 1942)

When G.I. Johnny Comes Home (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1945)

Whose Body?, by Dorothy L. Sayers (Novel; 1923) [1st Perter Wimsey]

Witty Kitty (Hickory, Dickory & Doc Cartoon; 1960)

Today’s Name Days

Bodo (Austria)

Marija, Marijan, Svjetlana (Croatia)

Nela (Czech Republic)

Leegi, Säde (Estonia)

Aamu, Jemina, Lumi (Finland)

Théophane (France)

Bodo, Mariä Lichtmess, Stephan (Germany)

Ipapanti, Ypapante, Ypapanti (Greece)

Aida, Karolina (Hungary)

Maurizio, Sabatino (Italy)

Spīdola, Spidols (Latvia)

Kantvydas, Rytis, Valdemaras, Vandenė (Lithuania)

Jomar, Jostein (Norway)

Joanna, Korneliusz, Maria, Miłosława (Poland)

Inna (Russia)

Erik, Erika (Slovakia)

Candelaria, Purificación (Spain)

Aleta, Aletha, Alethea, Alida, Alita, Lita (USA)

Today’s National Name Days

National Brendan Day

National Frank Day

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 33 of 2025; 332 days remaining in the year

ISO Week: Day 7 of Week 5 of 2025

Celtic Tree Calendar: Luis (Rowan) [Day 13 of 28]

Chinese: Month 1 (Wu-Yin), Day 5 (Ten-Yin)

Chinese Year of the: Snake 4723 (until February 17, 2026) [Ding-Chou]

Coptic: 25 Tubah 1741

Druid Tree Calendar: Cypress (Jan 25-Feb 3) [Day 9 of 10]

Hebrew: 4 Shevat 5785

Islamic: 3 Sha’ban 1446

Julian: 20 January 2025

Moon: 22%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 5 Homer (2nd Month) [Sophocles)

Runic Half Month: Elhaz (Elk) [Day 12 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 44 of 90)

SUn Calendar: 3 Gray; Threesday [3 of 30]

Week: 1st Week of February

Zodiac:

Tropical (Typical) Zodiac: Aquarius (Day 14 of 30)

Sidereal Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 19 of 29)

Schmidt Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 8 of 27)

IAU Boundaries (Current) Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 14 of 28)

IAU Boundaries (1977) Zodiac: Capricornus (Day 15 of 28)

[zsterofficial]

A couple hundred years ago this day, the infamous Salem Witch Trials officially concluded. This is a day of celebration and remembrance for all witches no matter who they are. Of course some of the casualties in the trials were not practicing witches but rather victims of their times, so this is also a time of remembrance for anyone else who may identify with the victims. Today I am paying my respects to the individuals slain or convicted as a result of the Salem Witch Trials, whom are as follows; Elizabeth Howe (14 May 1637 - July 19, 1692), Martha Corey and her husband Giles (1620 - September 22, 1692), Rebecca Nurse (21 February 1621 - 19 July 1692), and her sister Mary Eastey (August 24, 1634 – September 22, 1692), Susannah Martin (30 September, 1621 - 19 July, 1692), Bridget Bishop (1632 - 10 June 1692), Martha Allen (1650 - 19 August 1692), Sarah Wildes (March 16, 1627 – July 29, 1692), Elizabeth Bassett (whose execution was actually postponed due to her being pregnant, while her husband, John Proctor who had caused her to be convicted in the first place, was hanged with the others), Abigail Hobbs (Arrested April 18, 1692, aged around 14), Mary Parker (1637 - September 22, 1692), Alice Parker (Executed: September 22, 1692), Anna Pudeater (November 13, 1621 – September 22, 1692), John Willard (1657 – August 19, 1692), Wilmot Redd (early 17th century – September 22, 1692), the first to be accused Sarah Osborne (1643 – May 10, 1692), and last but certainly not least, the equally as brave and beautiful (and marginally less privileged in their time) likes of Margaret Scott (March 28, 1616 – October 2, 1692), Tituba (an absolute bad-ass and one of the only accused to confess to witchcraft and survive!), and lastly, one of the major inspirations for my recent book "Welcome to the Coven" , the wonderful Sarah Good (July 21, 1653 -July 19, 1692).

While I mourn these brave women and men who came before me, I am grateful and proud of how far society has come since then and while I face hardships even today, I know my divine deities and the spirits of our past are watching over us always, equally as proud of us every time we are true to ourselves without the fear of being hanged or burnt at the stake.

[theriveroflight]

Miraculous Ladybug Fanfiction Masterpost: F/F ships

A list of all my Miraculous Ladybug femslash fics. Stories will generally be hosted on AO3 unless otherwise indicated.

Format:

Title (with link) | Rating | Word Count | Chapters | Ship | AU/theme | Event (if applicable) | Date Published/Updated

Summary

All fics under cut.

In Pursuit Of | T | 1210 | 1/1 | Chlogami | Miracle Queen fix-it | @miraculousfanworks Feb 2020 event | 2/6/2020

Chloé isn’t the type of person Kagami would normally bother with; she would (metaphorically) throw Chloé aside if Kagami really knew her.

kill ‘em with a kiss | T | 1471 | 1/1 | Lilanette | Canon Divergence | 2/25/2020

Marinette wants to play? Lila knows the game better than anyone. Marinette will go down. It’s only a matter of when.

Tracing Names | T | 1015 | 1/1 | Alyanette | Dystopia AU | 5/2/2020

Taking the time to grieve, at last.

where the lightning splits the sea | T | 1285 | 1/10 | Lilagami | sci-fi/dystopia | MLF Oct 2020 event | 10/20/2020

It's 2028, and climate change has irrevocably affected Earth.

The first hurricane to hit in Parisian history is here, and not everyone is prepared for the storm.

And of course, there are people lurking in the background -- waiting to take advantage of it.

testament inscribed in sand | T | 1653 | 1/1 | Marigami | grief | MLF Anniversary giveaway | 12/6/2020

Kagami knows love will be her ruin, and grief will be Marinette's.

stuck fixated on one star | T | 1005 | 1/1 | Marigami | post-Adrigami breakup | Spin the Record challenge | 1/31/2021

It's reckless at best and dangerous at worst. Kagami does it anyway.

starry nights and a light sky | T | 19794 | 1/1 | Auroreille | canon-compliant slow(ish) burn | Femslash February | 2/27/2021

Aurore has always wanted to be a meteorologist. So, when the competition comes, she's practically a shoo-in in her mind - but then Mireille comes along, and everything turns around.

the song stuck in my head (every song i’ll ever love) | T | 777 | 1/1 | Julerose | Getting Together | MLF Tumblr 500 ficlet | 3/18/2021

Juleka doesn't listen to lyrics enough.

Shooting Straight | G | 598 | 1/1 | Marigami | Archery | MLF Tumblr 500 ficlet | 4/6/2021

In which the knowledge of: a) Kagami doing archery b) my learnings from summer camp/Scouts c) the definition of "switching targets", taken approximately too literally

combines to form a ficlet.

shuffling the cards of our game | T | 4050 | 1/1 | Lilanette | Star Wars AU | Lilanette Week | 6/22/2021

Really, they should never have been rivals in the first place with such similar views on the world.

Through It All | T | 16177 | 28/29 | Auroreille | akuma attack | MLF Snippet July | 7/30/2021

Aurore and Mireille are zapped by an akuma that takes them through some doors.

taking the plunge | G | 1362 | 1/1 | Julenette | Canon Divergence | 9/4/2021

Juleka's liked Marinette for a long time. And even though Marinette liked her brother first, Juleka manages to find herself stumbling into a relationship with Marinette anyways.

strike up the band (and kiss me) | G | 1023 | 1/1 | Marigami | Fluff | 11/30/2021

Marinette really wants to kiss Kagami. Luckily, Kagami also really wants to kiss Marinette.

your magical mystery ride | T | 1134 | 1/1 | Julenette | Magic AU | Julenette Week 2021 | 12/6/2021

Ladybug nearly falls into the water before Juleka can open the window.

what’s so amazing that keeps us stargazing (someday we’ll find it) | G | 2097 | 1/1 | Julenette | Marichat tropes but it’s Purple Tigress | 12/19/2021

Marinette doesn't know what she wants, but Tigresse keeps visiting her.

Or: how to fall in love, or at least something close to it, in three weeks.

risen with healing in her wings | G | 3074 | 1/1 | Marigami | Holiday Party | MLF Secret Santa | 12/23/2021

The hero holiday party presents many issues, especially when Ladybug and Ryuuko are under it together.

moving on (moving closer) | T | 2293 | 1/1 | Marigami | Injury Recovery | 1/30/2022

When Marinette collapses in the middle of battle, Kagami rushes to her aid. Despite the fact that they were fighting before.

i wish things were different | T | 1259 | 1/1 | Julealya | Divergence from Rocketear | ML Femslash February & Purple Noir Week 2022 | 2/1/2022

In which Alya and Nino break up, and Juleka's presented with an opportunity.

a marriage of cultures | T | 3249 | 1/1 | Marigami | Wedding | ML Femslash February & MLBCNY | 2/3/2022

When planning a wedding, there are usually several road blocks. Some of them are easy to anticipate, like whether Marinette's capable of finishing the outfits in time. Others are harder, like Tomoe's disapproval of the wedding's structure.

what’s your (true) name? | G | 1543 | 1/1 | Feizoe | Fantasy AU | ML Femslash February & MLF Rarepair Month & MLBCNY | 2/7/2022

Inhuman is not an insult. Far from it, in fact.

been picking up the pieces of our hearts | G | 1036 | 1/1 | Alyanette | ML Femslash February | 2/10/2022

Alya and Marinette talk out their issues, and do more than just talk.

sweet summer | T | 1004 | 1/1 | Zoenette | ML Femslash February | 2/17/2022

Zoé flies to Paris for the summer, and meets someone new.

meet me in the pouring rain | T | 1009 | 1/1 | Marilene | MLF Rarepair Month | 2/19/2022

Marinette's glad she's out of there.

evidence you want me | T | 1260 | 1/1 | Lilalya | MLF Rarepair Month | 2/20/2022

Alya Césaire, private investigator, has been on the trail of the thief Volpina for some time.

utterly incorrigible | T | 1005 | 1/1 | Nathemilie | MLF Rarepair Month | 2/22/2022

Is Emilie's wife really flirting with her in hero persona?

(The answer is yes.)

[randomtimes-com]

Robbins Reef Lighthouse - Staten Island, New Jersey

Kate Walker was keeper of the Robbins Reef Light for more than 30 years, and in her long career she raised two children, saved 50 sailors from shipwrecks, and hired a substitute only once: on the day of her husband’s funeral.

The Kill van Kull is a tidal strait between Staten Island, New York and Bayonne, New Jersey, that connects Upper New York Bay with Newark Bay. Marking the eastern end of the Kill is the Robbins Reef Lighthouse. Dutch colonists acquired the island of Manhattan in 1626, and it was formally incorporated as the city of New Amsterdam on February 2, 1653, encouraging many Dutch settlers to put down…

[cruger2984]

A3! and its Saints: Winter Troupe

I am back for a new installment of 'and its Saints' series, this time it's our boys from the Mankai Theater! I should start with Fuyugumi aka the WInter Troupe!

December 3 - Hisoka Mikage

St. Francis Xavier: Spanish priest who is considered as the greatest Roman Catholic missionary of modern times who was instrumental in the establishment of Christianity in India, the Malay Archipelago, and Japan. He pronounced vows as one of the first seven members of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, under the leadership of St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1534. The areas he evangelized in India have remained Catholic to the present day. Vigorous and prolonged persecution in the 17th century did destroy the missions he founded in the Moluccas and Japan but only after thousands had died as martyrs. Even before his death, Francis Xavier was considered a saint, and he has been formally venerated as such by the Catholic church since 1622 and was named patron of all missions in 1927.

December 28 - Tsumugi Tsukioka

Massacre of the Innocents (Feast of the Holy Innocents): According to the Gospel of Matthew (2:13-18), Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children two years old and under in the vicinity of Bethlehem. The Catholic Church has claimed the children murdered in Jesus's stead as the first Christian martyrs. From the time of Charlemagne, St. Sicarius of Bethlehem was venerated at Brantome, Dordogne as one of the purported victims of the Massacre.

February 22 - Tasuku Takato

Chair of Saint Peter: Known as the Throne of Saint Peter, it is a relic conserved in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the sovereign enclave of the Pope inside Rome, Italy. The relic is a wooden throne that tradition claims the Apostle Saint Peter, the leader of the Early Christians in Rome and first Pope, used as Bishop of Rome. It is enclosed in a sculpted gilt bronze casing designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and executed between 1647 and 1653, and Pope Benedict XVI described the chair as 'a symbol of the special mission of Peter and his Successors to tend Christ’s flock, keeping it united in faith and in charity' in 2012. The wooden throne was a gift from Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald to Pope John VIII in 875.

January 13 - Guy

St. Hilary of Poitiers: French bishop who was sometimes referred to his two nicknames - the 'Hammer of the Arians (Malleus Arianorum)' and 'Athanasius of the West.' He is the pre-eminent Latin writer of the 4th century before Ambrose, and Augustine called him 'the illustrious doctor of the churches', and in later centuries his works continued to be highly influential. In 1851, Pope Pius IX declared him a Doctor of the Church.

January 22 - Azuma Yukishiro

St. Vincent of Saragossa: Spanish deacon who is the protomartyr of Spain. Together with Valerius of Saragossa, he was apprehended during a persecution of Dacian the governor of Spain. Valerius was banished but Vincent was subjected to fierce tortures before ultimately dying from his wounds. His flesh was pierced with iron hooks, he was bound upon a red-hot gridiron and roasted, and he was cast into a prison and laid on a floor strewn with broken pottery. But through it all his constancy remained unmoved (leading to his jailer's conversion) and he survived until his friends were allowed to see him and prepare a bed for on which he died. He is the patron saint of vinegar-makers, wine-makers, Lisbon and Valencia, and the Order of Deacons of the Catholic Diocese of Bergamo.

February 12 - Homare Arisugawa

The Abitinian Martyrs: They were a group of 49 Christians found guilty, in 304, during the reign of the Emperor Diocletian, of having illegally celebrated Sunday worship at Abitinae, a town in the Roman province of Africa.

[matsuieposts]

The Covid 19 Scam

This document was copied from the moderna web site which is proof that they were working on coved 19 before the first cases were ever detected which is absolute proof that it is all a devious and deadly scam perpetuated by all the worlds governments against the people of the world Nuremberg two should be demanded by the people for justice to be recognised or democracy is dead

Moderna Announces Progress in Prophylactic Vaccines ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200210005823/en/Moderna-Announces-Progress-Prophylactic-Vaccines-Modality-CMV

The development candidates announced today are mRNA vaccine candidates against Epstein-Barr virus (mRNA-1189), respiratory syncytial virus (mRNA-1345) in young children, and the novel coronavirus ...

Moderna Announces Progress in Prophylactic Vaccines Modality with CMV Vaccine Phase 2 Study Data Now Expected in Third Quarter 2020 and Expands Investment in This Core Modality with Three New Development Candidates

Phase 2 CMV vaccine dose-confirmation study more than sixty percent enrolled

mRNA-1189 to prevent infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection

mRNA-1345 to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in young children, with the intent to combine with mRNA-1653 to create a pediatric respiratory vaccine against RSV, hMPV and PIV3

mRNA-1273 to prevent novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health; physical manufacturing of first batch complete, awaiting analytical testing

February 10, 2020 05:11 PM Eastern Standard Time

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Moderna, Inc. (Nasdaq: MRNA), a clinical stage biotechnology company pioneering messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and vaccines to create a new generation of transformative medicines for patients, today announced that the Phase 2 dose-confirmation study of its mRNA vaccine against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is enrolling ahead of plan with data now expected in the third quarter of 2020. The Company also announced three new vaccine development candidates, which support the Company’s strategy, announced January 12, to accelerate new development candidates in its core modalities, prophylactic vaccines and systemic secreted & cell surface therapeutics. The three new infectious disease vaccine candidates complement the January announcement of two autoimmune development candidates, PD-L1 (mRNA-6231) and IL-2 (mRNA-6981), in the Company’s other core modality, systemic secreted & cell surface therapeutics.

Moderna’s CMV vaccine (mRNA-1647), the first mRNA vaccine for an infectious disease to enter a Phase 2 study, is enrolling ahead of plan with the second cohort nearly completed. This Phase 2 study will investigate the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1647 in approximately 252 healthy adults in the U.S. at three dose levels (50, 100 and 150 μg) in both CMV-seronegative and CMV-seropositive participants administered in a three-dose vaccination schedule (0, 2 and 6 months). The first interim analysis, expected in the third quarter of 2020, will evaluate safety and immunogenicity at three months (one month after the second vaccination) and is intended to inform Phase 3 dose selection. The Company is actively preparing for a Phase 3 pivotal study, which will evaluate prevention of primary CMV infection in a population that includes women of childbearing age.

The development candidates announced today are mRNA vaccine candidates against Epstein-Barr virus (mRNA-1189), respiratory syncytial virus (mRNA-1345) in young children, and the novel coronavirus (mRNA-1273). mRNA-1345 will be evaluated in early clinical trials with the intention of combining the vaccine with mRNA-1653, Moderna’s hMPV/PIV3 vaccine, to address RSV, hMPV and PIV3, viruses that cause significant respiratory diseases in young children, in one vaccine. Each of these new development candidates utilizes the Company’s proprietary lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology.

Today’s announcement reflects the Company’s belief that positive Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity data across nine studies with more than 1,000 participants have validated the Company’s prophylactic vaccine modality. Clinical data demonstrate that Moderna’s proprietary vaccine technology has been generally well-tolerated1 and can elicit durable immune responses to viral antigens. The Company also believes that it has demonstrated the ability to leverage shared technology, digital systems and its flexible manufacturing infrastructure to advance a large portfolio quickly and efficiently.

“Our investments in science and manufacturing have resulted in six positive Phase 1 infectious disease vaccine readouts. These data validate the technology used in our prophylactic vaccines modality, which has allowed us to accelerate research and development timelines, and advance our mRNA vaccines into new areas of high unmet need. I am pleased with the continued progress of our late-stage CMV vaccine program as we prepare for a pivotal Phase 3 study and commercial readiness. The three new development candidates reflect the continued productivity of our platform and the potential of our mRNA technology. Moderna now owns global rights to three vaccines, which we believe have blockbuster potential – CMV, EBV and the potential combination RSV/hMPV/PIV3 vaccine for young children,” said Stéphane Bancel, Moderna’s Chief Executive Officer. “I am proud of the team’s ability to rapidly respond to the ongoing public health crisis posed by the novel coronavirus and to be working with the National Institutes of Health and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.”

Moderna currently has 24 mRNA development candidates in its portfolio with 12 in clinical studies. Across Moderna’s pipeline, more than 1,500 participants have been enrolled in clinical studies.

About Moderna’s New Development Candidates

mRNA-1189 is an mRNA vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) containing five mRNAs that encode viral proteins in EBV, gp350, gB, gp42, gH and gL. Similar to Moderna’s CMV vaccine (mRNA-1647), the viral proteins in mRNA-1189 are expressed in their native membrane-bound form for recognition by the immune system. There is no approved vaccine for EBV.

mRNA-1345 is an mRNA vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in young children encoding for a prefusion F glycoprotein, which elicits a superior neutralizing antibody response compared to the postfusion state. The Company intends to combine mRNA-1345 with mRNA-1653, its vaccine against hMPV and PIV3, to create a combination vaccine against RSV, hMPV and PIV3. There is no approved vaccine for RSV.

mRNA-1273 is an mRNA vaccine against the novel coronavirus encoding for the viral Spike (S) protein, which was selected by Moderna in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, the manufacture of which was funded by the Center for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovations (CEPI). The S protein complex is necessary for membrane fusion and host cell infection and has been the target of vaccines against the coronaviruses responsible for Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). On January 13, the NIH and Moderna’s infectious disease research team finalized the sequence for the 2019-nCoV vaccine and Moderna mobilized toward clinical manufacture. The first clinical batch, including fill and finishing of vials, was completed on February 7. This mRNA vaccine was designed and manufactured in 25 days and is undergoing analytical testing prior to release to the NIH for use in their planned Phase 1 clinical trial in the U.S. Currently, there are no approved vaccines specific to 2019-nCoV.

About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

EBV is a common herpesvirus that is spread through bodily fluids, most commonly saliva, and contracted primarily by young children and adolescents (approximately 50% and approximately 89% seropositivity, respectively). It is a major cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in the U.S., accounting for over 90% of the approximately 1-2 million cases annually. IM can debilitate patients for weeks to months and, in some cases, can lead to hospitalization and splenic rupture. EBV infection is associated with the development and progression of certain lymphoproliferative disorders, cancers, and an increased risk of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. There is no approved vaccine for EBV.

About Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV is the leading cause of unaddressed severe lower respiratory tract disease and hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide, with most children infected at least once by two years of age. The virus is transmitted primarily via contamination of environmental surfaces with infectious secretions, and symptoms typically begin within several days of exposure. The illness may manifest as wheezing, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, hospitalization or even death.

In the United States, it is estimated that over two million children younger than five years of age receive medical attention and more than 86,000 are hospitalized due to RSV infection annually. Globally, RSV is estimated to be responsible for over approximately 33 million episodes of acute lower-respiratory tract infection, 3.2 million hospitalizations and as many as 118,000 deaths per year in children younger than five years of age. Infections with RSV follow a seasonal pattern, occurring primarily in the Northern hemisphere between the months of November and April, and in the Southern hemisphere primarily between March and October. There is no approved vaccine for RSV.

About Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can lead to respiratory illness, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses are transmitted between animals and people and can evolve into strains not previously identified in humans. On January 7, 2020, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China. Estimates from the World Health Organization as of February 9, 2020 indicate that there are approximately 37,000 confirmed cases and over 800 deaths worldwide. The suspected number of infections is likely to be substantially higher. It is important to note that there is not yet a good understanding of the rate of asymptomatic infection. Currently, there are no approved vaccines specific to 2019-nCoV.

About Moderna’s Prophylactic Vaccines Modality

Moderna scientists designed the Company’s prophylactic vaccines modality to prevent infectious diseases. More than 1,000 participants have been enrolled in Moderna’s infectious disease vaccine clinical studies under health authorities in the U.S., Europe and Australia. Based on clinical experience across six Phase 1 studies, the Company deems prophylactic vaccines a core modality and intends to accelerate development of its infectious disease vaccine candidates.

The potential advantages of an mRNA approach to prophylactic vaccines include the ability to mimic natural infection to stimulate a more potent immune response, combining multiple mRNAs into a single vaccine, rapid discovery to respond to emerging pandemic threats and manufacturing agility derived from the platform nature of mRNA vaccine design and production.

Moderna currently has nine development candidates in its prophylactic vaccines modality, including:

Vaccines against serious respiratory infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for older adults (mRNA-1777 and mRNA-1172 or V172 with Merck)

RSV vaccine for young children (mRNA-1345)

Human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus type 3 (hMPV/PIV3) vaccine (mRNA-1653)

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) vaccine (mRNA-1273)

Influenza H7N9 (mRNA-1851)

Vaccines against serious infections transmitted from mother to baby

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine (mRNA-1647)

Zika vaccine (mRNA-1893) with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)

Vaccines against common viral infections with high unmet need

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccine (mRNA-1189)

To date, Moderna has demonstrated positive Phase 1 data readouts for six prophylactic vaccines (H10N8, H7N9, RSV, chikungunya virus, hMPV/PIV3 and CMV). Moderna’s CMV vaccine is currently in a Phase 2 dose-confirmation study. Moderna’s investigational Zika vaccine (mRNA-1893), currently in a Phase 1 study, was granted FDA Fast Track designation.

Moderna has built a fully integrated manufacturing plant in Norwood, MA which enables the promise of the technology platform.

About Moderna

Moderna is advancing messenger RNA (mRNA) science to create a new class of transformative medicines for patients. mRNA medicines are designed to direct the body’s cells to produce intracellular, membrane or secreted proteins that can have a therapeutic or preventive benefit and have the potential to address a broad spectrum of diseases. Moderna’s platform builds on continuous advances in basic and applied mRNA science, delivery technology and manufacturing, providing the Company the capability to pursue in parallel a robust pipeline of new development candidates. Moderna is developing therapeutics and vaccines for infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, rare diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, independently and with strategic collaborators. Moderna has 24 mRNA development candidates in its portfolio across all modalities, with 12 in clinical studies. Four of these programs are in or preparing for Phase 2 studies and the Company is preparing for its first Phase 3 study.

Headquartered in Cambridge, Mass., Moderna currently has strategic alliances for development programs with AstraZeneca, Plc. (Nasdaq: AZN) and Merck, Inc. (Nasdaq: MRK), as well as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a division of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Moderna has been named a top biopharmaceutical employer by Science for the past five years.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including, without limitation, statements regarding plans for Moderna’s development candidates, plans to create a pediatric respiratory vaccine against RSV, hMPV and PIV3, plans regarding regulatory submission and clinical testing for mRNA-1273, expected timing of data from the Phase 2 study of mRNA-1647, and Moderna’s strategy, business plans and focus. The words “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “target” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and important factors that may cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements contained in this press release, including, without limitation, uncertainties related to market conditions and the completion of the public offering on the anticipated terms or at all. These and other risks and uncertainties are described in greater detail in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Moderna’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other filings that Moderna has made or may make with the SEC in the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release represent Moderna’s views only as of the date hereof and should not be relied upon as representing its views as of any subsequent date. Moderna explicitly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Moderna has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement and other documents the issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the issuer and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC Web site at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, the issuer, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the offering will arrange to send you the prospectus if you request it by calling toll-free 1-866-471-2526.

1 The most common adverse reactions in Moderna’s Phase 1 clinical trials in prophylactic vaccines include injection site pain, headache, myalgia, and fatigue.

Contacts

Moderna Contacts: Media: Colleen Hussey Senior Manager, Corporate Communications 203-470-5620 Colleen.Hussey@modernatx.com

Investors: Lavina Talukdar Head of Investor Relations 617-209-5834 Lavina.Talukdar@modernatx.com

Release Summary

Moderna announces progress in prophylactic vaccines modality with CMV vaccine Phase 2 study data now expected in third quarter 2020.

Contacts

Moderna Contacts: Media: Colleen Hussey Senior Manager, Corporate Communications 203-470-5620 Colleen.Hussey@modernatx.com

Investors: Lavina Talukdar Head of Investor Relations 617-209-5834 Lavina.Talukdar@modernatx.com

TIME LINE

mRNA-1273 to prevent novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health; physical manufacturing of first batch complete, awaiting analytical testing

February 10, 2020 05:11 PM Eastern Standard Time

January 2020

31 January – The first two cases of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the United Kingdom are confirmed.[1]

February 2020

6 February – A third case of coronavirus is confirmed in the UK.[2]

10 February – The total number of cases in the UK reaches eight as four further cases are confirmed in people linked to an affected man from Brighton.[3][4]

11 February – A ninth case is confirmed in London.[5]

23 February – The DHSC confirms a total of 13 cases in the UK as four new cases in passengers on the cruise ship Diamond Princess are detected. They are transferred to hospitals in the UK.[6]

28 February – The first British death from the disease is confirmed by the Japanese Health Ministry; a man quarantined on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.[7]

[histoireettralala]

Gaston d’Orléans

Gaston de France, Duke of Orléans, was born on April 24, 1608, in the Palace of Fontainebleau. He was the third son of Henri IV, King of France, and his wife Marie de Medici. After the death of his brother Nicolas Henri in 1611, he became Duke of Orleans, and, from his brother Louis XIII’s ascent to the throne till his nephew’s birth in 1638, he was the heir presumptive to the throne of France.

As the King’s eldest surviving brother, he was known at Court by the traditional honorific of “Monsieur”, and at his second nephew’s birth “Le Grand Monsieur”.

He was famous for the political intrigues that would occupy his whole life. He was constantly conspiring, first against his brother Louis XIII and his minister, Cardinal de Richelieu, and later against the Regent Anne d’Autriche and her minister, Cardinal Mazarin - conspiracies that would always fail, for lack of a real political project. Others perished (Chalais, Montmorency, Cinq-Mars) but his status protected him from the same fate. He nevertheless had to leave France twice, for conspiring.

During the Fronde (1648-1653) he showed no particular loyalty to the crown, switching from one side to another with unsettling ease.

From his first marriage to the extremely wealthy Marie de Montpensier, he had a daughter, Anne Marie Louise d’Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, later known as the Grande Mademoiselle.  Widowed, he had to fight to impose his second marriage with Marguerite de Lorraine (whom he nicknamed “the Angel”); after three wedding ceremonies and various oppositions, he finally succeeded. They had several daughters and a son who did not live to adulthood.

He was also a great art collector and sponsor, and would leave his collections to his nephew Louis XIV. Today, Gaston’s collections -  artwork, medals, books, maps, engravings, and vellums- can be found in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle and the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

His Orléans titles would go to Louis XIV’s brother Philippe.

He died in Blois on February 2, 1660.

He was cultivated and sophisticated (science, arts, music - he also protected Molière’s company), but indecisive and fickle.

“He thought of everything, but didn’t want anything.” (Cardinal de Retz)

[lukeskywaker4ever]

Maria Francisca de Saboia, Queen of Portugal (Wife of King Afonso VI)

1st Tenure: 2 August 1666 – 24 March 1668

Maria Francisca of Savoy (21 June 1646 in Paris  – 27 December 1683 in Lisbon) was twice queen consort of Portugal as the spouse of two Portuguese kings: Afonso VI and Pedro II of Portugal. She first became queen of Portugal at the age of 20 on the day of her marriage to Afonso VI; because the marriage was never consummated, she was able to obtain an annulment. On 28 March 1668, she married Afonso's brother, the Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja, who was appointed prince regent the same year due to Afonso's perceived incompetence. Maria Francisca became queen of Portugal for the second time when Pedro succeeded his brother as Pedro II in 1683 but died herself later that year.

Maria Francisca was born in Paris as the younger daughter of Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours, 

and Élisabeth de Bourbon. 

Elisabeth was a granddaughter of Henry IV of France 

and his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées. 

Her only surviving sibling was Marie Jeanne of Savoy. 

Prior to marriage she was styled Mademoiselle d'Aumale, a title derived from the duchy of Aumale which was a property of her father.

In 1581, Portugal and Spain had been united under Philip II, but domestic opposition led to the 1640 to 1668 Portuguese Restoration War. By the end of 1665, Spanish attempts to reconquer Portugal had clearly failed, while their finances had collapsed, the Crown declaring bankruptcy no less than nine times between 1557 and 1666.

This allowed Portuguese chief minister, Castelo Melhor, to focus on securing his own position. Afonso VI succeeded his father in 1653 but he was physically impaired and mentally unstable, with government controlled by his mother, Luisa de Guzmán. Guided by Castelo Melhor, Afonso sent her to a convent in 1662, where she died in February 1666.

The Portuguese government was split between pro-French and pro-English factions, respectively led by Castelo Melhor and Afonso's younger brother, Pedro. In 1662, Charles II of England married Afonso's sister Catarina; Castelo Melhor and Louis XIV 

saw a marriage between Maria Francisca and Afonso as a way to offset that. Louis persuaded Charles to agree by providing him with the unpaid portion of Catarina's dowry; Maria arrived in Portugal on 2 August 1666 and the wedding took place the same day.

From then on, she became known as Maria Francisca Isabel de Sabóia, although the marriage proved a disappointment. Afonso abandoned the festivities early, leaving his new bride in charge, and reportedly displayed a similar lack of interest in consummating it. More importantly, Maria was an intelligent and resolute individual, who wanted to serve French interests but also rule; she soon discovered Afonso was controlled by Castelo Melhor, who had no intention of sharing power. This drove her to first co-operate with her brother-in-law Pedro, then allegedly begin an affair with him.

Although Castelo Melhor considered the marriage and the March 1667 Treaty of Lisbon with France as confirming his position, in fact they undermined it. Despite being financially exhausted, the treaty required Portugal to provide military support against Spain, while Maria persuaded Louis that Pedro was a better way to further French interests. In September, Castelo Melhor was forced into exile and in late November, Pedro deposed his brother, sending him to Terceira in the Azores. Maria retired to a convent and asked her marriage be annulled on the grounds of non-consummation; this was approved by her relative, French Cardinal Vendôme, 

and she married Pedro in September 1668.

Months after her annulment, Maria Francisca married the Infante Pedro, now the Prince Regent of Portugal. In 1669 she gave birth to a daughter, Isabel Luísa Josefa of Portugal, Princess of Beira. 

The Bragança dynasty was at the brink of extinction, and Pedro needed heirs, yet Maria Francisca was unable to produce further issue.

When Afonso died in 1683, Pedro succeeded him as Pedro II of Portugal and Maria Francisca became queen again—but died in December of the same year. Maria Francisca's only child, the Infanta Isabel Luísa, died unmarried at age 22. Pedro remarried to Maria Sofia of the Palatinate, who produced the much-needed heir, the future João V of Portugal.

She was first buried at the Convent of the Francesinhas, then moved in 1912 to the Braganças' (or National) Pantheon at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora.

[blackswaneuroparedux]

Anonymous asked: I was watching the D-Day commemoration ceremonies this week with family and I thought why do we have a Royal Navy and Royal Air Force but not a Royal Army? I mean other than the fact that it sounds a bit naff? We’ve got the Royal Navy and we’ve got the Royal Air Force but no Royal Army. My dad was a Grenadier (RIP dad) and was mighty proud of being a guardsman and protecting HM the Queen and all that but I never really thought about it until after he died. The Guards like the rest of the army serves the Queen so why not? Would you know since you were an army officer and you are very academic?

This is a great question which I can hardly refuse to answer given I’ve been actually attending one or two official events myself to commemorate D-Day along with members of my family and also friends (some ex-army). I’ve been very moved by the whole solemn occasion and back in my hotel room your question serves as a useful distraction (in a good way!).

It’s a question that baffles a lot of people - especially my American and other European friends - who ask me that too on occasion. You’re right it does sound naff to say Royal Army when you say it out loud. It’s not as if the army doesn’t already have somewhat eccentric and even supercilious traditions - to the outsider’s eyes at least - to add ‘Royal’ for an extra helping of pomposity and snobbery. Although the delicious opportunity to rub it into the noses of the (republican) French army just might be worth it. But personally speaking, I’m super glad it’s just the British Army.

I think I’ll have a stab at the answer but it might not be the only answer. Put simply historically, unlike the Army, the Royal Navy has always been a single and national organisation. And so has the Royal Air Force since its formation in 1918.

There is some contentious debate here as to who really founded the ‘navy’ whether it was Alfred the Great or Henry VIII of the Tudor dynasty - I err towards the Tudors in this debate. It’s true that Alfred the Great founded a navy of sorts to defend the realm. Whether you want to call this collection of ships a navy is both semantic and charitable but at the very least it was a single ‘national’ entity. For his army though Alfred had to rely on noblemen volunteering men from other shires.

This pattern continued down the centuries where the nobles had their own armies which were expected to rally round the sovereign in times of crisis. Indeed, the term 'The Army’ did not come into proper use until the middle of the 17th century, by which time the Royal Navy had been well established on a permanent basis for many years and was called so.

The English Civil War (1642-1651) between the King ( Charles I) and Parliament (Cromwell and company) was the true origin of the British army. In that war, Parliament obviously won. The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I (1649); the exile of his son, Charles II (1651); and the replacement of the monarchy (by divine right) with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649-1653) and then the Protectorate under the iron rule of Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) with his creation of the New Model Army.

Charles II returned from exile in 1660 to take back the throne at the behest of the will of Parliament. But all was not the same. Although Charles II had agreed to accept the powers of Parliament in the Declaration of Breda, there were many who were suspicious. They thought that he might say one thing and then, after being restored to the throne, return to his father’s policies.

The navy had always supported both Charles. So when Charles II was restored to the throne, he proclaimed that, because of its support for him, the navy would henceforth be called the “Royal Navy”.

With the army it was more complicated. Many in the army had fought against Charles. This was not surprising as the army was very much the creation of Parliament and especially Cromwell. Charles II accepted the fact that the Crown was prohibited from having its own standing army. 

The Royal Navy are the senior service as they were the first to receive Royal recognition as an armed service of the Crown. The Royal Air Force were formed by Royal Charter in 1918 by King George V.

The key thing to understand is that the British army was never national in the way the navy and the air force were. Historically the British army was a collection of region based militia raised at the behest of the monarch.

When the monarch wished to raise an army he would do so by endowing a stipend to a local nobleman to raise a regiment. The nobleman would be the Colonel of the Regiment (hence that tradition of the senior officer commanding the regiment or division) and would determine its uniform, and promote its NCOs and select its officers from the sons of other notable families within the region.

On raising a regiment an oath of allegiance would be sworn and a toast drunk. The army are considered “loyal” not “royal” in that sense.

Some regiments enjoy royal patronage, others such as the Intelligence Corps don’t. Indeed a member of the Royal family is often the ‘Colonel’ of that regiment (and he or she wears the regimental uniform when they see them). During Colonial times, the British Army was allowed to use Queen Anne’s Red Ensign, however, they were still not considered a “Royal” service.

Another reason why the British Army doesn’t have the prefix ‘Royal’ is because only certain regiments and corps are called 'Royal’. The prefix Royal before the title of a unit is considered an award in much the same way as a battle honour. The regiments with this prefix are entitled to wear the coveted blue facings on collar and cuffs on ceremonial scarlet tunics.

So the picture is complicated but it’s true to say the quirky historic traditions of the regimental system within the British army is why there is no Royal Army.

You and I know - because we both have had family members in the guards - know the picture is even more more muddied in answer to your specific question. The Grenadier Guards and the Coldstream Guards as well as the other foot guards - the Irish, Scots, and Welsh Guards - form part of the royal Household Division along with the Household Cavalry (made up of the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals).

Despite their ceremonial duties dressed in scarlet tunics and bearskins known to the world over, all the foot guards are considered an elite fighting force - along with the Parachute regiment the Guards provide many officers and soldiers serving in the SAS.

As you know the Grenadier Guards is considered the most senior regiment in the British Army. It can trace its lineage back to 1656 when Lord Wentworth’s Regiment was raised in Bruges to protect the exiled Charles II. In 1665, this regiment was combined with John Russell’s Regiment of Guards to form the current regiment, known as the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards. Its most famous battle honours were at Waterloo they broke Napoleon’s Imperial Guard. So it’s interesting that the Grenadiers were seen as the bodyguards of the monarch.

But it’s not the oldest regiment in the British army, despite its seniority. That honour is widely given to the Coldstream Guards whose Latin motto is Nulli Secundus (second to none). More accurately it is the oldest continuously serving regiment in the British Army.

But its lineage goes back to the New Model Army when Cromwell gave General Monck permission to raise in Scotland his own foot regiment to join the New Model Army. After the Civil War and after Richard Cromwell’s death, Monck gave his support to the Stuarts, and on 1 January 1660 he crossed the River Tweed into England at the village of Coldstream, from where he made a five-week march to London. He arrived in London on 2 February and helped in the restoration of Charles II to the throne. For his help, Monck was given the Order of the Garter and his regiment was assigned to keep order in London. However, the new parliament soon ordered his regiment to be disbanded with the other regiments of the New Model Army.

And don’t get me started on the Blues and Royals!

This digression down memory lane still leads me back to the conclusion that the regimental system remains the backbone of the British army today. It is its strength as a fighting force and man to man the best army in the world today.

Even as the British army and its regiment system faces challenges (budget cuts and regiments are either being stood down or amalgamated) and evolves (reflecting societal changes such as letting women into frontline combat roles), it is fitting that we are not the Royal Army, rather the British Army loyal to the Crown.

Thanks for your question and I hope you enjoy(ed) the rest of the D-Day memorial ceremonies with the rest of your family as indeed I have.

**PS: I wrote this on the night of June 6th but I could only send it out now. My apologies.

[rabbitcruiser]

New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) was incorporated on February 2, 1653.    

[thebritishmonarchycouk]

British Consorts . . On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England & Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. Queen Anne (b.6 February 1665 – d.1 August 1714) reigned as Queen of Great Britain & Ireland until her death in 1714.  She was the Queen of England, Scotland & Irelandbetween 8 March 1702 & 1 May 1707. . So the first 'British' consort was Prince George of Denmark . Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (b.2 April 1653 – d.28 October 1708), was the husband of Queen Anne. . George was born in Copenhagen Castle, & was the younger son of Frederick III, King of Denmark & Norway, & Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. His mother was the sister of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, later Elector of Hanover. . ◼ His marriage to Anne was arranged in the early 1680s with a view to developing an Anglo-Danish alliance to contain Dutch maritime power. As a result, George was unpopular with his Dutch brother-in-law, William III of Orange, who was married to Anne's elder sister, Mary. William & Mary became joint monarchs of Britain, with Anne as their heir presumptive, in 1689 after the "Glorious Revolution" deposed James II and VII, the father of both Anne & Mary. . William excluded George from active military service, & neither George nor Anne wielded any great influence until after the deaths of Mary & then William, at which point Anne became queen. . 👑 During his wife's reign, George occasionally used his influence in support of his wife, even when privately disagreeing with her views. He had an easy-going manner & little interest in politics; his appointment as Lord High Admiral in 1702 was largely honorary. . Anne's seventeen pregnancies by George resulted in twelve miscarriages or stillbirths, four infant deaths, & a chronically sick son, William, who died at the age of eleven. Despite the history of their children, George & Anne's marriage was a strong one. George died aged 55 from a recurring & chronic lung disease, much to the devastation of his wife, & he was buried in Westminster Abbey. . . . (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/B0HFyUIAvmx/?igshid=h28r0w0k0ah

[mortonmattd]

Amazing Historical Events That Occurred on February 2nd 🎉 #shorts #history

On February 2nd, our world has seen some of the most incredible and devastating events in history. From the Black Death decimating London in 1349, to the establishment and renaming of New Amsterdam to New York City in 1653, to the election of Arthur St. Clair as the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation in 1787, to the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, and finally to the arrest of R. Kelly on ten counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse, including three minors, in 2019, it is truly an eventful day.

The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that killed millions of people in Europe and Asia, with over 200 burials taking place in London each day. New Amsterdam was established and renamed New York City in 1653, paving the way for its growth into the bustling metropolis it is today. Arthur St. Clair was elected as the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, which were in effect until 1788. Queen Victoria's funeral at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England was one of the most grand and sorrowful events of the 19th century. And in 2019, R. Kelly was arrested and charged with ten counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse, including three minors, leading to a controversial and highly publicized trial.

February 2nd is a day filled with historical events, both tragic and triumphant, that have shaped our world. From the Black Death to the trial of R. Kelly, it is a day that will never be forgotten.

Amazing Historical Events That Occurred on 2/2 today What Happened on February 2nd What Happened on the 2nd of February What Happened today in History Today is February 2nd and it's packed with some amazing facts about the day. Throughout history, February 2nd has been a day of many remarkable events, and here are some of the most interesting ones 🎅🏼🎉 Unbelievable Historical Events on 2/2: 🔥 Blow Your Mind Away! 🔥 🎄🎁 Amazing Historical Events That Occurred on 2/2 🎄🎁 🎄🔎 Uncovering 🤩 Amazing Historical Facts 💡 🎁  🎉!

🤩 Today in History on February 2nd: Uncover Amazing Historical Events! 🤩🗓️ February 2nd - Relive Amazing Historical Events 🤩 🤩 Unbelievable 🔥 Historical Facts 🤯  🎄  🎁

#history   #historicalfacts #historical #historynerd #historicaleducation #historybuff #historicalevent #historicalplace #historicalfigure #historylesson #historicalcontext #historyfacts #history #historylovers #facts #ww #historymemes #historynerd #worldwar #historylesson #historybuff #historical #historylover #historygeek #historyinpictures #memes #factsdaily #didyouknow #funfacts #worldhistory #fact #dailyfacts #historygram #sciencefacts #historic #blackhistory #factsonly #war #historyteacher #onthisday #knowledge

Amazing Historical Events That Occurred Today in History February 2nd

#historicalfacts,#historical,#historyfacts,#history,history,#historicaleducation,#historybuff,#historygeek,#historynerd,#historicalplace,#historicalfigure,#historicalevent,#historylesson,#historicalcontext,#shorts,#historylovers,#facts,#historymemes,#worldwar,#historylover,#factsdaily,#didyouknow,#funfacts,#worldhistory,#fact,#dailyfacts,#historygram,#sciencefacts,#historic,#blackhistory,#factsonly,#war,#onthisday,#knowledge,historical events, history channel, #AmazingHistoricalEvents #TodayinHistory #February 2nd

Amazing Historical Events That Occurred on February 2nd In 1349, the Black Death had a devastating impact on the people of London, with over 200 burials taking place each day. In 1653, New Amsterdam was established and renamed New York City. In 1787, Arthur St. Clair was elected the ninth President of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation. In 1901, Queen Victoria's funeral was held in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England. And in 2019, American singer R. Kelly was arrested after turning himself in on ten counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse, including three minors.

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[spiritualdoula]

Sister Juliana Morell: First Woman to Receive a University Degree

Among the earliest nun scholars was Juliana Morell, a 17th-century Spanish Dominican nun who is believed to be the first Woman to receive a university degree.

Born in Barcelona on February 16, 1594, Morell was a young prodigy, and her distinguished banker father encouraged her to obtain the highest education, according to a 1941 article by S. Griswold in Hispanic Review (Vol. 9, No. 1). In Lyon, France Juliana Morell continued her education, learning a variety of disciplines: Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Mathematics, Rhetoric as well as Law and Music.

When she was 12, Morell publicly defended her theses on logic and morality.

She continued enriching her education by studying Civil law, Physics and canon, and soon after in Avignon, defended her law thesis in front of distinguished guests of the papacy.

Although it’s not known which body granted Morell her degree, she received a law doctorate in 1608 at the age of 14.

In the fall of that year, Morell entered a Dominican convent in Avignon and three years later, took her final vows in the summer of 1610, eventually rising to the rank of a prioress.

During her 30-year tenure as a nun, Morell published a variety of works including: a Latin-to-French translation of Frior Vincent Ferrer’s Spiritual Life (1617), a manual entitled "Spiritual Exercises for Eternity and a Small Preparatory Exercise for the Holy Profession" (1637), a historical text on her convent in San Práxedes Avignon, as well as poetry in Latin and French. Morell died on June 26, 1653 at the age of 59. History.com

_______________________________

Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Rhetoric, Law, Mathematician and Musician at age 12!!! She defended her thesis at the age I was reading Judy Blume (OK I was also a geek reading advanced Classics) beginning to fail any kind of advanced Math and won my states Art award. I was not defending a thesis. At 16 Juliana was defending her second thesis on Civil and Canon Law as well as Physics. At 16 I was trying to not get caught by the long arm of the Law known as my father (for real a cop). I spent my years of 14-18 grounded 3 weeks out of every month for offenses like “Don’t look at me in that tone of voice”. Thank goodness I was never called to answer to a priest let alone “guests of the papacy”. A big perk I guess of being raised in a Catholic/Protestant home where one parental unit was an atheist and the other agnostic!

There are so many intelligent, powerful, strong, spiritual and inspirational women to celebrate this International Day of the Woman.

I am offering thanks to Juliane and my two daughters who’ve chosen to make the world a better place for other humans. I’m proud they both have worked incredibly hard and gotten post graduate degrees in the medical field. After having 3 gorgeous grandsons in the past 2 1/2 years, just maybe we will have a “Juliana” to carry that brilliant torch forward into the future.

[historysisco]

Today’s Street Names of New York City post takes me to Brooklyn. I’m focusing on Bergen Street in the Prospect Heights section of the borough of Kings. I’m planning on a couple of posts here traveling from west to east, starting at Washington Avenue and traveling on Bergen Street until reaching the 2 and 3 train station which is located on Flatbush Avenue and Bergen Street.

Before I start on Bergen Street, I wanted to get the gimme out of the way. Washington Avenue is (not surprisingly) named after George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799).

The man who is known as the Father of the United States was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and was the 1st President of the United States, serving two terms from 1789 to 1797. 

That was easy enough. Now to the harder naming: Bergen Street.

I can’t say with any definitive certainty who Bergen Street is named after. But it is certain that the Bergen name in the New Amsterdam colony began with Hans Hansen Bergen (1610 - 1653 or 1654) (herein referred to as H. Bergen to avoid confusion). H. Bergen was one of the first settlers in the New Amsterdam colony and one of the few that hailed from Scandinavia. He was born in the town of Bergen, Norway and its unknown when he made his way to the Netherlands. 

According to the book The Bergen Family; Or: The Descendants of Hans Hansen Bergen, One of the Early Settlers of New York and Brooklyn, L.I by Teunis G. Bergen, H. Bergen emigrated from Holland to New Amsterdam in 1633. The ship he was on is believed to have arrived at New Amsterdam in April 1633.

H. Bergen would marry into one of the leading families in New Amsterdam when he married Sarah Rapalie (June 9, 1625 - 1685) later spelled Rapalje and Rapalye in 1639. Sarah held the distinction of being the first white female daughter of European parents born in the New Netherland colony. The Rapalie family were believed to be Huguenots (French Protestants) that emigrated to New Netherland in 1623.

According to the aforementioned Teunis G. Bergen book, H. Bergen  lived on Pearl Street near Fort Amsterdam. It is also believed that H. Bergen had owned a plantation on Long Island, specifically in Brooklyn. H. Bergen would further extend his holdings in Brooklyn via a patent for a tract of land of roughly 400 acres that was granted to him in Brooklyn by Governor Kieft in March of 1647.

To put that in perspective, the 400 acre tract of land is roughly the size of half of New York City’s Central Park. The tract stretched from Wallabout Bay (at today’s Brooklyn Navy Yard)  to roughly the town of Bushwick. H. Bergen would reside on these lands until his death in either late 1653 or early 1654 (according to the Teunis G. Bergen book).

On a side note, Teunis G. Bergen (October 6, 1806 – April 24, 1881) was also a large landowner himself in Brooklyn, Being a seventh generation Bergen, T. Bergen would serve as the town Supervisor of then separate town New Utrecht and the Democratic congressman from the Second District. He was adamantly anti-annexation with Manhattan and what would later become The City of Greater New York (Brooklyn with City of New York with the East Bronx, Brooklyn, western Queens County, and Staten Island) on January 1, 1898. 

For my next post, we are going a block east to the intersection of Bergen Street and Underhill Avenue to see who the Underhill that this street is named after was. 

Until Then

#HistorySisco

For Further Reading:

The New Netherlands Institute: Exploring America’s Dutch Heritage