#15 June 1934

[rabbitcruiser]

The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park was founded on June 15, 1934.  

[gunsandspaceships]

MCU Timeline: Captain America: The First Avenger

March 10, 1917 - James Buchanan Barnes is born.

August 15, 1917 - Howard Anthony Stark is born.

July 4, 1918 - Steven Grant Rogers is born.

April 9, 1919 - Margaret "Peggy" Carter is born.

Why 1919 (deleted scene from The Avengers) and not 1921 (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), as stated in Wikipedia: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is not canon for the MCU (events of the show take place in another universe, where Peggy was born in a different year and had a different background).

1934-1936 - young Peggy serves as a nurse in the British Air Force.

1936-1940 - Peggy serves in the Special Air Service.

1940:

Peggy joins the Strategic Scientific Reserve.

Howard founds Stark Industries and becomes its CEO.

May 1941 - Steven Rogers attends a Dodgers vs The Phillies baseball game at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn.

March 1942 - Red Skull invades Norway and extracts the Tesseract.

1942/1943 - The Allies receive a gift from Wakanda: Vibranium. It is given to the SSR's Head Engineer - Howard Stark.

1943:

June 14:

13:50 - Steve gets his last 4F.

And his last beating in the alley a couple of hours later.

Evening - he and Bucky go to the "World Exposition of Tomorrow", where Howard demonstrates his (almost) flying car. Steve meets Dr. Erskine and gets a (falsified) 1A.

June 15:

Sergeant James Barnes heads to Europe with the 107th Infantry Regiment.

Candidate Rogers begins his trial week for Project Rebirth at Camp Lehigh in NJ.

June 21 - Dr. Erskine makes his choice and informs Rogers. They talk about it, about the serum and HYDRA.

June 22, morning - Steve becomes a super soldier. Erskine is killed. The last vial of serum is destroyed.

June 23:

Rogers is offered a position in the USO theater (to help sell war bonds) and receives a (fake) rank of captain.

Night - SSR (including Peggy and Howard) is being retasked to fight HYDRA and goes to London, UK.

July-October - Captain America's US tour (over 200 performances).

November 3rd:

Captain America show in Italy.

Night - Steve goes behind the lines to a HYDRA camp in Austria to rescue Bucky with the help of Peggy and Howard.

November 5th - he returns with 400 (CATFA) or 163 (CATWS) liberated soldiers.

A couple of days later - SSR in London. Based on the locations of HYDRA bases remembered by Rogers, they develop a plan to combat HYDRA. Steve puts together a team.

Marvel Studios' mistake: the medals and badges Steve wears don't make any sense at this particular moment. He simply had neither the time nor the opportunity to earn the Combat Infantry Badge, or the Presidential Unit Citation Badge, nor could he receive the American Defense Service Medal.

Next day, 8 am- Steve meets with Howard and receives his vibranium shield.

1944:

November 1943 - November 1944 - Howling Commandos destroy HYDRA weapons factories.

December 1944 - January 1945 - attack on the train with Dr. Zola. Bucky falls from the train from a great height and is declared killed in action. Zola is captured.

1945:

Soon after, early January - the Valkyrie is finished and ready to attack major US cities. SSR receives information about the location of HYDRA's main base in the Alps and heads there.

Next day - SSR attacks HYDRA's main base. Red Skull teleports to Vormir. The Tesseract is lost in the Arctic Ocean. Crash of the Valkyrie. Steve goes into suspended animation.

After January 1945 - Howard Stark leads expeditions to find Rogers. He finds the Tesseract, but not Captain.

March 23, 1945 - Case №17 is opened. James Barnes "joined" the HYDRA branch in the USSR.

May 8, 1945 - VE-Day.

Spring-Summer 1945 - Howard is involved in the Manhattan Project.

1946:

December 1945/January 1946 - Peggy is assigned to the SSR office in New York.

March 1946 - events of "Agent Carter" one-shot.

2012:

Early 2012 - 67 years later, Steve Rogers is found frozen but alive.

April 2012 - Rogers wakes up in the S.H.I.E.L.D. recovery room in New York City.

Iron Man (2008) Timeline

The Incredible Hulk (2008) Timeline

Thor (2011) Timeline

The Avengers (2012) Timeline

[newyorkthegoldenage]

Dr. Jonas Salk, class of 1934 at the City College of New York, received an honorary degree from his alma mater for his discovery of the polio vaccine, June 15, 1955. He is holding a medal struck especially for him.

Photo: Matty Zimmerman for the AP

[winnix85]

Lewis Nixon's German teacher in high school and his summer in Germany 1934

Previously, I was digging in historic travel records and found that 15 yr old Lewis Nixon went to Germany in the summer of 1934 with several teenager friends. They were among 3rd class passengers. I searched through the passenger list but found no adult chaperone with this group of boys.

Assumption 1: Their chaperone was in 1st class (seems unwise to stay up in 1st class cabin while left a group of teenager boys running wild in 3rd class cabin?)

Assumption 2: There was no adult. Lew and his friends ran away with pocket money.

So I adopted the second assumption.

I was WRONG

It turns out that, there was a chaperone. Lew and his friends were led by their high school German teacher Dr Werner Mueller. Dr Mueller was on SS Europa Passenger List Line 360 "Tourist Third Cabin Passengers". The reason his name was not listed with his students was because Dr Mueller was not US citizen. In US custom records, US citizens and foreigners were listed separately. That's why I can't find him.

Their travel to Germany was reported in local news. Dr Werner Mueller led 4 boys (William Roth, Walter Collins, Robert Day, and Lewis Nixon) to sail from New York for Germany on 25 June 1934, and they returned New York on 02 Sep 1934:

15 yr old Lew was the youngest in the group.

It seems that Dr Werner Mueller visited Germany every summer because his family was still living in Berlin:

Dr Werner Mueller might be relatively young, because he was engaged in 1940. He taught in Santa Barbara boys school for 8 years. He studied at the University of Berlin, Munich Freiburg and Koenigsberg. He worked in the foreign language department, so I assumed that he was a German teacher. However, he was also the head of the art department of Santa Barbara boys school and he was a pianist.

After his marriage in 1940, he moved to Pottstown Pensylvania to teach in Hill school.

In summary, 15 yr old Lew spent two months of summer holiday in Germany, probably with his teacher's family in Berlin. In 1934 the street view pretty much looks like this:

[palmiz]

Lista dei brevetti per la modifica del clima.

Dal 1891 al 2023.

United States Patent and Trademark Office​.

...

0462795 – July 16, 1891 – Method Of Producing Rain-Fall

803180 – October 31, 1905 – Means for Producing High Potential Electrical Discharges

1103490 – August 6, 1913 – Rain-Maker

1225521 – September 4, 1915 – Protecting From Poisonous Gas In Warfare

1279823 – September 24, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Causing Precipitation by Coalescence of Aqueous Particles Contained in the Atmosphere

1284982 – November 19, 1918 – Process and Apparatus for Procuring and Stimulating Rainfall

1338343 – April 27, 1920 – Process And Apparatus For The Production of Intense Artificial Clouds, Fogs, or Mists

1358084 – November 9, 1920 – Method of Producing Fog-Screens

1619183 – March 1, 1927 – Process of Producing Smoke Clouds From Moving Aircraft

1665267 – April 10, 1928 – Process of Producing Artificial Fogs

1892132 – December 27, 1932 – Atomizing Attachment For Airplane Engine Exhausts

1895765 – January 31, 1933 – Artificial Production of Fog

1928963 – October 3, 1933 – Electrical System And Method

1957075 – May 1, 1934 – Airplane Spray Equipment

1993316 – March 5, 1935 – Apparatus for and Method of Producing Oil Fog

2052626 – September 1, 1936 – Method of Dispelling Fog

2097581 – November 2, 1937 – Electric Stream Generator – Referenced in 3990987

2173756 – September 19, 1939 – Process of Producing Fog or Mist by Partial and Flameless Combustion

2352677 – July 4, 1944 – Artificial Fog Production

2476171 – July 18, 1945 – Smoke Screen Generator

2409201 – October 15, 1946 – Smoke Producing Mixture

2480967 – September 6, 1949 – Aerial Discharge Device

2527230 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Crystal Formation and Precipitation

2527231 – October 24, 1950 – Method of Generating Silver Iodide Smoke

2550324 – April 24, 1951 – Process For Controlling Weather

2582678 – June 15, 1952 – Material Disseminating Apparatus For Airplanes

2611992 – September 30, 1952 – Engine Exhaust Operated Fluent Material Distributor

2614083 – October 14, 1952 – Metal Chloride Screening Smoke Mixture

2633455 – March 31, 1953 – Smoke Generator

2688069 – August 31, 1954 – Steam Generator – Referenced in 3990987

2721495 – October 25, 1955 – Method And Apparatus For Detecting Minute Crystal Forming Particles Suspended in a Gaseous Atmosphere

2730402 – January 10, 1956 – Controllable Dispersal Device

2903188 – April 2, 1956 – Control of Tropical Cyclone Formation

2756097 – July 24, 1956 – Process for Weather Control

2801322 – July 30, 1957 – Decomposition Chamber for Monopropellant Fuel – Referenced in 3990987

2835530 – May 20, 1958 – Process for the Condensation of Atmospheric Humidity and Dissolution of Fog

2871344 – January 27, 1959 – Long Distance Communication System

2881335 – April 7, 1959 – Generation of Electrical Fields

2908442 – October 13, 1959 – Method For Dispersing Natural Atmospheric Fogs And Clouds

2962450 – November 29, 1960 – Fog Dispelling Composition

2963975 – December 13, 1960 – Cloud Seeding Carbon Dioxide Bullet

3019989 – February 6, 1962 – Atmospheric Space Charge Modification

2986360 – May 30, 1962 – Aerial Insecticide Dusting Device

3046168 – July 24, 1962 – Chemically Produced Colored Smokes

3056556 – October 2, 1962 – Method of Artificially Influencing the Weather

3126155 – March 24, 1964 – Silver Iodide Cloud Seeding Generator

3127107 – March 31, 1964 – Generation of Ice-Nucleating Crystals

3131131 – April 28, 1964 – Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions

3140207 – July 7, 1964 – Pyrotechnic Composition

3174150 – March 16, 1965 – Self-Focusing Antenna System

3234357 – February 8, 1966 – Electrically Heated Smoke Producing Device

3274035 – September 20, 1966 – Metallic Composition For Production of Hydroscopic Smoke

3284005 – November 8,1966 – Weather Control by Artificial Means

3300721 – January 24, 1967 – Means For Communication Through a Layer of Ionized Gases

3313487 – April 11, 1967 – Cloud Seeding Apparatus

3338476 – August 29, 1967 – Heating Device For Use With Aerosol Containers

3375148 – March 26, 1968 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Silver Iodate, Ammonium Nitrate, Nitrocellulose and Nitrate Esters

3378201 – April 16, 1968 – Method for Precipitating Atmospheric Water Masses

3410489 – November 12, 1968 – Automatically Adjustable Airfoil Spray System With Pump

3418184 – December 24, 1968 – Smoke Producing Propellant

3429507 – February 25, 1969 – Rainmaker

3432208 – November 7, 1967 – Fluidized Particle Dispenser

3441214 – April 29, 1969 – Method And Apparatus For Seeding Clouds

3445844 – May 20, 1969 – Trapped Electromagnetic Radiation Communications System

3456880 – July 22, 1969 – Method Of Producing Precipitation From The Atmosphere

3518670 – June 30, 1970 – Artificial Ion Cloud

3517512 – June 30, 1970 – Apparatus for Suppressing Contrails

3534906 – October 20, 1970 – Control of Atmospheric Particles

3545677 – December 8, 1970 – Method of Cloud Seeding

3564253 – February 16, 1971 – System And Method For Irradiation Of Planet Surface Areas

3587966 – June 28, 1971 – Freezing Nucleation

3595477 – July 27, 1971 – Fog Dispersing Method and Compositions

3601312 – August 24, 1971 – Methods of Increasing The Likelihood oF Precipitation By The Artificial Introduction Of Sea Water Vapor Into The Atmosphere Winward Of An Air Lift Region

3608810 – September 28, 1971 – Methods of Treating Atmospheric Conditions

3608820– September 20, 1971 – Treatment of Atmospheric Conditions by Intermittent Dispensing of Materials Therein

3613992 – October 19, 1971 – Weather Modification Method

3630950 – December 28, 1971 – Combustible Compositions For Generating Aerosols, Particularly Suitable For Cloud Modification And Weather Control And Aerosolization Process

USRE29142 – May 22, 1973 – Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process

3659785 – December 8, 1971 – Weather Modification Utilizing Microencapsulated Material

3666176 – March 3, 1972 – Solar Temperature Inversion Device

3677840 – July 18, 1972 – Pyrotechnics Comprising Oxide of Silver For Weather Modification Use

3690552 – September 12, 1972 – Fog Dispersal

3722183 – March 27, 1973 – Device For Clearing Impurities From The Atmosphere

3748278 – July 24, 1973 – Process and Agents Having an Influence on the Weather

3751913 – August 14, 1973 – Barium Release System

3769107 – October 30, 1973 – Pyrotechnic Composition For Generating Lead Based Smoke

3784099 – January 8, 1974 – Air Pollution Control Method

3785557 – January 15, 1974 – Cloud Seeding System

3788543 – January 29, 1974 – Uniform Size Particle Generator

3795626 – March 5, 1974 – Weather Modification Process

3802971 – April 9, 1974 – Pyrotechnic Formulations for Weather Modification Comprising a Mixture of Iodates

3808595 – April 30, 1974 – Chaff Dispensing System

3813875 – June 4, 1974 – Rocket Having Barium Release System to Create Ion Clouds In The Upper Atmosphere

3835059 – September 10, 1974 – Methods of Generating Ice Nuclei Smoke Particles For Weather Modification And Apparatus Therefore

3835293 – September 10, 1974 – Electrical Heating Apparatus For Generating Super Heated Vapors

3858805 – January 7, 1975 – Ice Nucleation by Micas

3877642 – April 15, 1975 – Freezing Nucleant

3882393 – May 6, 1975 – Communications System Utilizing Modulation of The Characteristic Polarization of The Ionosphere

3887580 – June 3, 1975 – Method of Crystallization of Water in Supercooled Clouds and Fogs and Reagent Useful in Said Method

3896993 – July 29, 1975 – Process For Local Modification of Fog And Clouds For Triggering Their Precipitation And For Hindering The Development of Hail Producing Clouds

3899129 – August 12, 1975 – Apparatus for generating ice nuclei smoke particles for weather modification

3899144 – August 12, 1975 – Powder contrail generation

3915379 – October 28, 1975 – Method of Controlling Weather

3940059 – February 24, 1976 – Method For Fog Dispersion

3940060 – February 24, 1976 – Vortex Ring Generator

3990987 – November 9, 1976 – Smoke generator

3992628 – November 16, 1976 – Countermeasure system for laser radiation

3994437 – November 30, 1976 – Broadcast dissemination of trace quantities of biologically active chemicals

4042196 – August 16, 1977 – Method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in earth characteristics and measuring earth changes

RE29,142 – February 22, 1977 – Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process

4009828 – March 1 1977 – Organic Nucleating Agent for both Warm and Cold Clouds

4035726 – July 12, 1977 – Method of controlling and/or improving high-latitude and other communications or radio wave surveillance systems by partial control of radio wave et al

4096005 – June 20, 1978 – Pyrotechnic Cloud Seeding Composition

4129252 – December 12, 1978 – Method and apparatus for production of seeding materials

4141274 – February 27, 1979 – Weather modification automatic cartridge dispenser

4167008 – September 4, 1979 – Fluid bed chaff dispenser

4347284 – August 31, 1982 – White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays

4362271 – December 7, 1982 – Procedure for the artificial modification of atmospheric precipitation as well as compounds with a dimethyl sulfoxide base for use in carrying out said procedure

4373391 – February 15, 1983 – Relative Humidity Sensitive Material

4396152 – August 2, 1983 – Aerosol Dispenser System

4402480 – September 6, 1983 – Atmosphere modification satellite

4412654 – November 1, 1983 – Laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial spraying of liquids

4415265 – November 15, 1983 – Method and apparatus for aerosol particle absorption spectroscopy

4470544 – September 11, 1984 – Method of and Means for weather modification

4475927 – October 9, 1984 – Bipolar Fog Abatement System

4600147 – July 15, 1986 – Liquid propane generator for cloud seeding apparatus

4633714 – January 6, 1987 – Aerosol particle charge and size analyzer

4643355 – February 17, 1987 – Method and apparatus for modification of climatic conditions

4653690 – March 31, 1987 – Method of producing cumulus clouds

4684063 – August 4, 1987 – Particulates generation and removal

4686605 – August 11, 1987 – HAARP Patent / EASTLUND PATENT – Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere

4704942 – November 10, 1987 – Charged Aerosol

4712155 – December 8, 1987 – Method and apparatus for creating an artificial electron cyclotron heating region of plasma

4742958 – May 10, 1988 – Method for Making Artificial Snow

4744919 – May 17, 1988 – Method of dispersing particulate aerosol tracer

4766725 – August 30, 1988 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor

4829838 – May 16, 1989 – Method and apparatus for the measurement of the size of particles entrained in a gas

4836086 – June 6, 1989 – Apparatus and method for the mixing and diffusion of warm and cold air for dissolving fog

4873928 – October 17, 1989 – Nuclear-sized explosions without radiation

4948257 – August 14, 1990 – Laser optical measuring device and method for stabilizing fringe pattern spacing

1338343– August 14, 1990 – Process and Apparatus for the production of intense artificial Fog

4999637 – March 12, 1991 – Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth

5003186 – March 26, 1991 – Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming

5005355 – April 9, 1991 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor

5038664 – August 13, 1991 – Method for producing a shell of relativistic particles at an altitude above the earths surface

5041760 – August 20, 1991 – Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration

5041834 – August 20, 1991 – Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted

5056357 – October 15, 1991- Acoustic method for measuring properties of a mobile medium

5059909 – October 22, 1991 – Determination of particle size and electrical charge

5104069 – April 14, 1992 – Apparatus and method for ejecting matter from an aircraft

5110502 – May 5, 1992 – Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor

5156802 – October 20, 1992 – Inspection of fuel particles with acoustics

5174498 – December 29, 1992 – Cloud Seeding

5148173 – September 15, 1992 – Millimeter wave screening cloud and method

5242820 – September 7, 1993 – Army Mycoplasma Patent Patent

5245290 – September 14, 1993 – Device for determining the size and charge of colloidal particles by measuring electroacoustic effect

5286979 – February 15, 1994 – Process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation using dispersed melanin

5296910 – March 22, 1994 – Method and apparatus for particle analysis

5327222 – July 5, 1994 – Displacement information detecting apparatus

5357865 – October 25, 1994 – Method of cloud seeding

5360162 – November 1, 1994 – Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water

5383024 – January 17, 1995 – Optical wet steam monitor

5425413 – June 20, 1995 – Method to hinder the formation and to break-up overhead atmospheric inversions, enhance ground level air circulation and improve urban air quality

5434667 – July 18, 1995 – Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering

5436039 – July 25, 1995 – Artificial Snow in an Aggregate Form of Snow Granules

5441200 – August 15, 1995 – Tropical cyclone disruption

5492274 – February 20, 1996 – Method of and Means for Weather Modification

5546183 – August, 13, 1996 – LIDAR Droplet Size Monitor for In-Flight Measurement of Aircraft Engine Exhaust Contrails, Droplets and Aerosols

5556029 – September 17, 1996 – Method of hydrometeor dissipation (clouds)

5628455 – May 13, 1997 – Method and apparatus for modification of supercooled fog

5631414 – May 20, 1997 – Method and device for remote diagnostics of ocean-atmosphere system state

5639441 – June 17, 1997 – Methods for fine particle formation

5762298 – June 9, 1998 – Use of artificial satellites in earth orbits adaptively to modify the effect that solar radiation would otherwise have on earth’s weather

5800481 – September 1, 1998 – Thermal excitation of sensory resonances

5912396 – June 15, 1999 – System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions

5922976 – July 13, 1999 – Method of measuring aerosol particles using automated mobility-classified aerosol detector

5949001 – September 7, 1999 – Method for aerodynamic particle size analysis

5984239 – November 16, 1999 – Weather modification by artificial satellites

6025402 – February 15, 2000 – Chemical composition for effectuating a reduction of visibility obscuration, and a detoxifixation of fumes and chemical fogs in spaces of fire origin

6030506 – February 29, 2000 – Preparation of independently generated highly reactive chemical species

6034073 – March 7, 2000 – Solvent detergent emulsions having antiviral activity

6045089 – April 4, 2000 – Solar-powered airplane

6056203 – May 2, 2000 – Method and apparatus for modifying supercooled clouds

6315213B1 – June 21, 2000 – Method of modifying weather

6110590 – August 29, 2000 – Synthetically spun silk nanofibers and a process for making the same

6263744 – July 24, 2001 – Automated mobility-classified-aerosol detector

6281972 – August 28, 2001 – Method and apparatus for measuring particle-size distribution

20030085296 – November 2, 2001 – Hurricane and tornado control device

6315213 – November 13, 2001 – Method of modifying weather

2002009338 – January 24, 2002 – Influencing Weather Patterns by way of Altering Surface or Subsurface Ocean Water Temperatures

20020008155 – January 24, 2002 – Method and System for Hurricane Control

6382526 – May 7, 2002 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers

6408704 – June 25, 2002 – Aerodynamic particle size analysis method and apparatus

6412416 – July 2, 2002 – Propellant-based aerosol generation devices and method

6520425 – February 18, 2003 – Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers

6539812 – April 1, 2003 – System for measuring the flow-rate of a gas by means of ultrasound

6553849 – April 29, 2003 – Electrodynamic particle size analyzer

6569393 – May 27, 2003 – Method And Device For Cleaning The Atmosphere

20040060994 – April 1, 2004 – Method for Influencing Atmospheric Formations

20040074980 – April 22, 2004 – Method and Device for Generating a Liquid Mist

0056705 A1 – March 17, 2005 – Weather Modification by Royal Rainmaking Technology

6890497 – May 10, 2005 – Method For Extracting And Sequestering Carbon Dioxide

2446250 – January 4, 2007 – A dust or particle-based solar shield to counteract global warming

20070056436 – March 15, 2007 – Challenger to Natural Twisters, Technology

2007033448 – March 29, 2007 – Production of Localized Artificial Rains in Polar Stratospheric Clouds, to Promote a Rain Wash in the CIO Gas, Reduce the Destruction of the Ozone Layer and a Replacement Process in situ of the Stratospheric Ozone

20070114298 – May 24, 2007 – Hurricane Abatement Method and System

20070158449 – July 12, 2007- Tropical Hurricane Control System

20070215946 – September 20, 2007 – Broadband Communications System via Reflection from Artificial Ionized Plasma Patterns in the Atmosphere

7965488 – November 9, 2007 – Methods Of Removing Aerosols From The Atmosphere

8048309 – August 28, 2008 – Seawater-Based Carbon Dioxide Disposal

20080203328 – August 28, 2008 – Outer Space Sun Screen for Reducing Global Warming

20100072297 – September 24, 2008 – Method for controlling hurricanes

7434524 – October 14, 2008 – Machine to Get Rid of Hurricanes

8012453 – October 27, 2008 – Carbon Sequestration And Production Of Hydrogen And Hydride

20090008468 – January 8, 2009 – How to Tame Hurricanes and Typhoons with Available Technology

7520237 – April 21, 2009 – Hurricane Prevention System and Method

20090255999 – October 15, 2009 – Production or Distribution of Radiative Forcing Elements

20090290761 – November 26, 2009 – Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Wind Direction, Speed, and Turbidity Monitoring using Digital Imaging and Motion Tracking

7645326 – January 12, 2010 – RFID environmental manipulation

7655193 – February 2, 2010 – Apparatus For Extracting And Sequestering Carbon Dioxide

20100074390 – March 25, 2010 – Method for Weather Modification and Vapor Generator for Weather Modification

20100127224 – May 27, 2010 – Atmospheric Injection of Reflective Aerosol for Mitigating Global Warming

7748662 – July 6, 2010 – Aerial Delivery System

20100170958 – July 8, 2010 – Hurricane Mitigation by Combined Seeding with Condensation and Freezing Nuclei

20100252648 – October 7, 2010 – Climate Processor

20100264230 – October 21, 2010 – Severe Storm / Hurricane Modification Method and Apparatus

20100282914 – November 11, 2010 – Enhanced Aerial Delivery System

20110005422 – January 13, 2011 – Method and Apparatus for Cooling a Planet

20110049257 – March 3, 2011 – Method and Apparatus for Local Modification of Atmosphere

20110101124 – May 5, 2011- Hurricane Abatement System and Method

2011073650 – June 23, 2011 – Atmospheric Delivery System

20110168797 – July 14, 2011 – Method of Weakening a Hurricane

20110174892 – July 21, 2011 – Apparatus and Related Methods for Weather Modification by Electrical Processes in the Atmosphere

20110198407 – August 18, 2011 – Method and Apparatus to Break Up or Annihilate Typhoons, Tornadoes, Cyclones or Hurricanes

20110204159 – August 25, 2011 – Weather Management Using Space-Based Power System

20110284649 – November 24, 2011 – Apparatus and Method for the Mitigation of Rotating Wind Storms

8079545 – December 20, 2011 – Ground based Manipulation and Control of Aerial Vehicle during nonflying operations

20120024971 – February 2, 2012 – Methods for Environmental Modification with Climate Control Materials and Coverings

8262314 – September 11, 2012 – Method for Decreasing the Intensity and Frequency of Tropical Storms or Hurricanes

0117003 – October 5, 2012 – Geoengineering Method Of Business Using Carbon Counterbalance Credits

20120267444 – October 25, 2012- Artificial Freezing Apparatus and Freezing Method Therefor

20120286096 – November 15, 2012 – Aerial Delivery Devices, Systems and Methods

20130008365 – January 10, 2013 – System and Method for Decreasing the Intensity and Frequency of Tropical Storms or Hurricanes

20130015260 – January 17, 2013 – Concept and Model for Utilizing High-Frequency or Radar or Microwave Producing or Emitting Devices to Produce, Effect, Create or Induce Lightning or Lightspeed or Visible to Naked Eye Electromagnetic Pulse or Pulses, Acoustic or Ultrasonic Shockwaves or Booms in the Air, Space, Enclosed, or Upon any Object or Mass, to be Used Solely or as Part of a System, Platform or Device Including Weaponry and Weather Modification

8373962 – February 12, 2013 – Charged seed cloud as a method for increasing particle collisions and for scavenging airborne biological agents and other contaminants

20130038063 – February 14, 2013 – Apparatus and Method for Inhibiting the Formation of Tropical Cyclones

201300043322 – February 21, 2013 – Processes and Apparatus for Reducing the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

8402736 – March 26, 2013 – Method and Apparatus for Suppressing Aeroengine Contrails

8439278 – May 14, 2013 – Apparatus for Producing a Mass of Water Vapor, Apparatus for Producing, Moving, and Climbing a Mass of Water Vapor, and Method of Causing Artificial Stimulation of Rain

20130175352 – July 11, 2013 – Method to Influence the Direction of Travel of Hurricanes

20130186127 – July 25, 2013 – Ice Floater for Facilitating Ice-Freezing on Water Surface

20130206912 – August 15, 2013 – Moisture Dispersion

20140055876 – February 27, 2014 – Method for Controlling Land Surface Temperature using Stratospheric Airships and Reflector

20140131471 – May 15, 2014 – Apparatus to Channel Large Air Masses for Climate Modification

20140145002 – May 29, 2014 – System for Facilitating Cloud Formation and Cloud Precipitation

20140224894 – August 14, 2014 – Technique to Mitigate Storms using Arrays of Wind Turbines

8825241 – September 2, 2014 – Autonomous Wave-Powered substance Distribution Vessels for Fertilizing Plankton, Feeding Fish, and Sequestering Carbon from the Atmosphere

8944363 – February 3, 2015 – Production or Distribution of Radiative Forcing Agents

20150077737 – March 19 2015 – System and Methods for Monitoring an Environment

9002660 – April 7, 2015 – Device and Method for Determining and Indicating Climate-Relevant Effects of a Contrail Produced by an Airplane

20150230415 – August 20, 2015 – Methods for Decreasing Local Temperature using High Albedo Materials

20150337224 – November 26, 2015 – Microwave Acceleration of Carbon Gasification Reactions

9311539 – April 12, 2016 – Aircraft Contrail Detection

9429348 – August 30, 2016 – Method and Device for Producing Snow

9491911 – November 15, 2016 – Method for Modifying Environmental Conditions with Ring Comprised of Magnetic Material

9589473 – March 7, 2017 – Method and System for Automatically Displaying Flight Path, Seeding Path, and Weather Data

9715039 – July 25, 2017 – Apparatus and System for Smart Seeding within Cloud Formations

20170217587 – August 3, 2017 – Vehicles and Systems for Weather Modification

20170303479 – October 26, 2017 – Warm Cloud Catalyst, Preparation Method Therefor and Application Thereof

20180006422 – January 4, 2018 – Methods for Disrupting Hurricane Activity

20180006421 – January 4, 2018 – Methods for Disrupting Tornadic Activity

9924640 – March 27, 2018 – Modifying Sunlight Scatter in the Upper Atmosphere

20180217119 – August 2, 2018 – Process and Method for the Enhancement of Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon through Ocean Iron Fertilization, and Method for Calculating net Carbon Capture from said Process and Method

10189753 – January 29, 2019 – Fog-Generating Device Comprising a Reagent and Ignition Means

2019203461 – June 6, 2019 – Airships for Weather Manipulation

10314249 – June 11, 2019 – Systems and Methods of Inducing Rainfall

10375900 – August 13, 2019 – Rain Induced by Supercontinuum Laser Beams

10433408 – October 1, 2019 – Methods for Affecting Spinning Atmospheric Phenomena

10435165 – October 8, 2019 – Aircraft Electrically-Assisted Propulsion Control System

20190364748 – December 5, 2019 – Method and System for Expressing Airborne Cloud Seeding Line Considering Cloud Water

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[meet-the-thenardiers]

Some of the actors who participated in the Brazilian soap opera adaptation of Les Misérables in 1967

Sadi Cabral as The Bishop Myriel

Born Sadi Sousa Leite Cabral (September 10, 1906 – November 23, 1986) he was an actor who was active between the years of 1923 and 1986. In addition to being an actor, he was also a announcer, scriptwriter, screenwriter, director, dancer, lyricist and producer.

Leonardo Villar as Jean Valjean

Born Leonildo Motta (July 25, 1923 - July 3, 2020), he was an actor who was active between the 1950 and 2011. His career, like many actors of the time, began in the theater; and to this day he is considered one of the best Brazilian actors, and was acclaimed by many colleagues in the profession.

Both of his parents were Spanish immigrants from Andalusia, and he was the youngest of 7 siblings.

Otávio Augusto as Javert

Born Otávio Augusto de Azevedo Sousa (January 30, 1945), he is an actor, comedian and director who originally began his activities in 1965, and continues with them to this day. He has many credits involving films, plays and other soap operas.

Laura Cardoso as Fantine

Born Laurinda de Jesus Cardoso Balleroni (September 13, 1927), she began her career in 1950. However, her love for acting began many years before her adult life. As a child, she used to play theater with her friends in the neighborhood; and at the age of 15, she decided to finally pursue an artistic career, starting her work in radionovelas.

"She is one of the actresses who has acted the most in the country, with more than 100 works [...] including more than 60 soap operas. She has also made 30 feature films for the cinema."

Chico de Assis as Félix Tholomyès

Born Francisco de Assis Pereira (December 10, 1933 – January 3, 2015) he was a Brazilian playwright who began his activities in 1953. I believe that of those mentioned so far, he was the only one who was not actively in the acting field. Although he participated in some soap operas, the focus of his work was most directing and producing plays.

Maria Isabel de Lizandra as Cosette

Born Maria Isabel Reclusa Antunes Maciel (June 5, 1946 – March 14, 2019) she was an actress of soap operas, series and plays who was active between 1963 and 1998.

She starred in Les Misérables early in her career, making it the fifth soap opera in which she appeared.

Serafim Gonzalez as M. Thénardier

Born Seraphim Gonzalez (May 19, 1934 – April 29, 2007) he was an actor and sculptor who was active between 1946 and 2007. Like the actor who played Jean Valjean, his parents were also Spanish immigrants.

And here's a fun fact about him: Here in Brazil, there is another very famous soap opera called "Mulheres de Areia" (I think in English it would be something like "Sand Women") and there is the original version, and the remake made two decades later. He participated in both versions. He was the one who sculpted the sand statues that appeared throughout the story.

Cacilda Lanuza as Mme. Thénardier

Born Cacilda Lanuza de Godoy Silveira (September 1, 1930 – June 17, 2018) she was an actress of theater, cinema and television. In addition, she also worked as a television host, radio broadcaster, writer, reporter and announcer.

[scotianostra]

On April 7th 1934 Ian Richardson was born.

A great classical actor, he was best known to TV viewers as the Machiavellian Urquhart in House of Cards, in his golden years at the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1960 to 1975, he played a long line of leading roles, television and film later brought Richardson wider renown.

Born as Ian William Richardson the only son and eldest of three children of Margaret and John Richardson in Edinburgh, Ian was educated at Balgreen and then Tynecastle schools, he thentrained for the stage at Glasgow’s College of Dramatic Art, with lightning speed, Richardson, at the age of 24, found himself playing Hamlet. Two seasons at Birmingham were followed by a swift transfer in 1960 to neighbouring Stratford where Richardson became a vital component. of the Royal Shakespeare Company where we was one of the founders.

After leaving the RSC, Richardson became a somewhat nomadic figure, turning up on Broadway as Higgins in My Fair Lady.

For a while he was on the dole — one morning he was even scrabbling round Covent Garden collecting fruit and vegetables. He also suffered a nervous breakdown, as a result of which he was sent to a nursing home run by nuns in Regent’s Park; after three weeks’ treatment he had recovered sufficiently to return home. I suppose it was his time unemployed that took him into a more regular career on the small screen.

From the late 1970′s onwards, he carved out a prosperous career in TV and film. Of course he had already made many TV appearances before now but audiences were peaking just at the right time for the wider public to appreciate his acting skills.

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Private Schultz, Porterhouse Blue were the type of programmes I was watching Richardson in, he also played Sherlock Holmes and Dr Joseph Bell in shows about the detective. Then of course there was House of Cards and the brilliant portrayal of the anti-hero Francis Urquhart. He won the BAFTA Best Television Actor and nominations for the following two series.

In June 2006, he was made an honorary Doctor of the University of Stirling. The honour was conferred on him by the University’s Chancellor, fellow actor Dame Diana Rigg.

His final film appearance was as Judge Langlois in Becoming Jane, released shortly after his death.

During the last 15 years of his life he appeared five times on television acting opposite his son Miles Richardson, though this was usually with one or the other in a minor role

[hellishotelier]

Starting Alastor Headcanons

In Life

Father, Joseph, from a decently wealthy business family. Upper middle class. White. He would eventually become a lawyer.

Mother, Cecelia, mixed race, worked as a maid in a hotel.

Parents met in a concert saloon, bonding over music. For him it was a summer fling but she was in love.

Born as Michael Alastor Garcin, May 22nd, 1892.

Went by his first/"Catholic" name among white people or generally those he was trying to impress, but his second "real" name by friends and family or people who otherwise knew he was mixed. He also either used his mother's last name (his own legal last name) or his father's last name. Though he would sometimes switch it up, he usually kept his Catholic name with his father's last name and real name with his mother's. So he usually either went by Michael Anderson or Alastor Garcin (or derivations of this)

Joseph refused to acknowledge his son as his, so Cecilia raised him on her own without his father's financial support

Alastor was light enough and has enough of his father's features to pass. While he grew up knowing his mother's Creole culture, she encouraged him to also adopt more white customs for a better chance of success. As in, learned from an early age to compartmentalize himself and be very cognizant of how he is perceived by others. Very aware of the various masks he needs to wear.

Alastor grew to resent his father and everything he stood for. He has two main goals in regards to his father. Make him notice him. Make Joseph regret abandoning his mother. Whether this was to be by taking over a position of his or by being a nemesis. It didn't matter.

Was going to become a lawyer to try to topple his father, but couldn't afford to become one.

Served in WWI (details to appear in its own post at a later point).

When he returned from the war, he found that both his beloved mother and reviled father had died of Spanish Flu while he was gone. So he neither got to say goodbye to her or get closure/revenge on his father.

In a fit of directionless rage, Alastor killed the first person he thought deserved it in some way. Really was just some random drunk. But that caught the bug for him in a taste for murder. From then on, he would have a mental list of potential victims and when he got into a murderous mood, he would find one of them and kill them.

Post-war, had two jobs, one for each of his identities. Michael Anderson was a radio tech with aspirations for being a host. But this never happened. For Alastor Garcin, he was a pianist at a jazz club. Gave him an extra income for his lifestyle.

Kill count (not including the war) was 31 over 15 years. He kept them spread out fairly well, though he always did at least some murder around mid-April since that's when he found out his parents died.

Died on June 20, 1934. Was shot by a hunter after coming back from burying a body. This hunter, John Murphy panicked and tried to dispose of Alastor's body, but in doing so poorly, was pinned for the murder Alastor was covering. This led to a domino effect where Murphy was accused, tried, and convicted for most of Alastor's murders (not all were connected to the case and were otherwise never discovered or ruled as other causes).

Therefore Alastor's only real legacy (or what he would be known for by anyone who didn't directly know him) is for being a notorious serial killer's last victim. Alastor does not know this.

Afterlife

General current goals: Get out of deal and then stay independent, survive, find purpose in eternity

He was not a cannibal in life. However, he is in afterlife since Rosie was one of the first people he came across when he arrived in Hell. As he was learning the ins and outs of Hell, the offerings made him assume that's just what people are in Hell. He soon found out that wasn't the case, but by that point he wasn't bothered by it.

Contracted with [redacted] ((in RP, by default it won't be who I'm RPing with. It would need to be negotiated specifically. No auto contract))

July 21, 1976 officially dead longer than alive.

[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

Blood on their hands.

June 15, 2024

ROBERT B. HUBBELL

JUN 15, 2024

The reactionary majority on the Supreme Court has dropped all pretense of following the law, so we should drop all pretense about the consequences of their actions: They will have blood on their hands. On Friday, that majority legalized machine guns by striking down a Trump-era federal regulation prohibiting “bump-stock” accessories for semi-automatic rifles. It is now legal for hundreds of millions of Americans to own machine guns—weapons of war favored by organized crime that Congress outlawed in 1934.

It is merely a matter of time until a “law-abiding citizen” exercising his “Second Amendment rights” uses a Supreme-Court-sanctioned machine gun to inflict mass deaths on schoolchildren and adults. When that happens, there will be a direct line from their opinion in Garland v. Cargill to the dead and mangled bodies killed by a weapon that can fire 800 rounds a minute with a single pull of the trigger.

The carnage will be horrific, but the reactionary majority will remain safe and snug in their private jets, wood-paneled chambers, and $5,000-a-plate dinners hosted by conservative advocacy organizations disguised as bar associations and historical societies. Their genteel world will be protected by heavily armed, armor-clad US Marshals who insulate the justices from the dangerous world they just made more dangerous.

The majority’s opinion in Garland v. Cargill is pernicious on multiple levels. The callousness of the majority’s conclusion is shocking. Their abandonment of settled rules of judicial construction is hypocritical. Their continued assault on the expertise of federal agencies charged with regulating complex, fact-dependent questions is part of their master plan to deconstruct the administrative state. Their willingness to base their decision on a lie about how bump stocks work continues the majority’s distressing pattern of making up facts to support otherwise unsupportable opinions.

[More + detailed legal analysis of the decision]

[Robert B. Hubbell Newsletter]

[lboogie1906]

Valaida Snow (June 2, 1904 – May 30, 1956) was a jazz musician and entertainer who performed internationally. She was known as “Little Louis” and “Queen of the Trumpet,” a nickname given to her by W. C. Handy.

She was born in Chattanooga. Her mother, Etta, was a Howard University-educated music teacher and her father, John, was a minister who was the leader of the Pickaninny Troubadours. Raised on the road in a show-business family, she began performing with her father’s group. By the time she was 15, she learned to play cello, bass, banjo, violin, mandolin, harp, accordion, clarinet, trumpet, and saxophone. She sang and danced.

She had 3 sisters all of who were professional singers. She had a brother. She married Ananias Berry (1934) who was a member of the Berry Brothers. She married Earle Edwards (1943) who became her manager.

Many recordings of her performances still exist, including audio recordings and audiovisual recordings of her on stage or in films. There are no commercial recordings of her as trumpeter made in the US, all were recorded in Europe. Before her obituary was published, The New York Times wrote about her only once in a paragraph-long review about a 1949 Song Recital at New York’s Town Hall. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[rabbitcruiser]

The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park was founded on June 15, 1934.  

[padawan-historian]

How do the memories and magic of children disrupt and upRoot the histories we tell ourselves? How do children navigate spaces of oppression and liberation? How do they find joy and hope in places that were not created for them to exist? They live.

(1) Portrait of two young Jackson girls in wrinkled, informal wear. Potentially the descendants of emancipated Virginian Bethany Veney, who authored a narrative of her life in slavery and went on to own three houses in Worcester's Beaver Brook neighborhood (1900)

(2) Three sister dressed in matching outfits (and shoes). The center girl holds a favorite object close, perhaps a record album (1926)

(3) Florence Jones (in white dress with large bow) and a friend swing on a family hammock in Lincoln, Nebraska (1915-1920)

(4) Students at the Harry Prampin School Recital in Harlem (1927)

(5) Washington, D.C. Young boy standing in the doorway of his home on Seaton Road in the northwest section. His leg was cut off by a streetcar while he was playing in the street (1942)

(6) A girl and her dog pose in a New York studio (1921)

(7) Ho-Chunk cousins Carrie Elksit (ENooKah) and Annie Lowe Lincoln (Red Bird) wearing elaborate beaded necklaces and earrings. Carrie (left) was the afroindigenous daughter of Lucie Elk, while Annie (right), was the daughter of King of Thunder in Black River Valley (1940)

(8) Ms. Ruby dons her Pullman maid’s uniform and and poses next to a young girl in Stafford County, Virginia (1904-1918)

(9) Eileen Buckner poses with her grandfather Anthony T. Buckner, who was born enslaved and would go on to be one the most respected merchants in the Charlottesville. Eileen's father, George W. Buckner, would go on to write the New Negro manifesto in 1921

(10) A girl smiles wide as she milks a cow (1934–1956)

(11) A young child plays the phonograph in his family cabin located at the Transylvania Project in Louisiana (1939)

(12) Two brown skinned girls pose in matching dresses near the center of their classroom picture in front of Lincoln High School, Nebraska (around 1919)

(13)  A young sharecropper lays out on his attic bed in New Madrid County, Missouri (1938)

(14) Chris Easterling (left) and George Mashatt learn how to signal when they want the bus to stop in Ann Arbor (June 1975)

(15) A little girl watches the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with her family in New York (1946)

(16) Little ballerinas dance at the Frederick Douglass housing project located in Anacostia, D.C. (1942)

(17) Integrated summer activities at Camp Nathan Hale in Southfields, New York where children learned different skills, like first aid, under the guidance of the Methodist Camp Service (1943)

(18) A young girl smiles at her feline friend; notice the ribbon on the cat's neck (1925)

(19) Children stand in a line to pose during their candy eating competition W.E.B. DuBois' Brownies Book

Sources: Worcester Art Museum, James Van Der Zee Collection, Library of Congress, Harris & Ewing, Leslie Jones Collection, Boston Public Library, National Museum of African American History and Culture

[whitesinhistory]

On June 24, 1934, a white mob in Manchester, Tennessee, lynched a 35-year-old Black man named Richard Wilkerson after he allegedly slapped a white man who assaulted a Black woman at an African American dance.

Mr. Wilkerson had been at a Black church festival with his wife when several white men who had been drinking entered the event. When the white men began accosting some of the Black women in attendance—including Mr. Wilkerson’s wife—Mr. Wilkerson intervened and allegedly slapped one of the men.

Soon after, the group of white men went to Mr. Wilkerson’s home and began destroying all of his belongings. The mob “tore up everything he had, tore it literally all to pieces,” the sheriff later told newspapers.

Unsatisfied, the white men then returned to the church dance where they found and grabbed Mr. Wilkerson, along with an unidentified young Black man. The mob drove the two men roughly 15 miles from town, where they shot Mr. Wilkerson several times before mutilating his body. The young Black man who was with Mr. Wilkerson was also shot but managed to escape.

Among the eight men who lynched Mr. Wilkerson was a 14-year-old teenager who later shared the names of the other members of the mob with officers. Several months later, the eight men were convicted of manslaughter. One newspaper noted it was the first case on record in Tennessee where white men had been convicted for lynching a Black person.

Mr. Wilkerson was one of at least 236 documented lynching victims between 1865 and 1950 in the state of Tennessee—and one of eight people lynched in Coffee County alone. To learn more about the history of racial terror lynching, read EJI’s report, Lynching in America.

[ifelllikeastar]

Ella Fitzgerald was an American jazz singer, sometimes referred to as the "First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.

Ella started by singing on the streets of Harlem at the age of 17. On November 21, 1934, she debuted at one of the earliest Amateur Nights at the Apollo Theater. She had intended to go on stage and dance, but she was intimidated by a local dance duo called the Edwards Sisters and opted to sing instead. Performing in the style of Connee Boswell, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" and won first prize. She won the chance to perform at the Apollo for a week but, seemingly because of her disheveled appearance, the theater never gave her that part of her prize.

Later she was introduced to drummer and bandleader Chick Webb and was asked to join Webb's orchestra and gained acclaim as part of the group's performances at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom. Fitzgerald recorded several hit songs, including "Love and Kisses" and "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)". But it was her 1938 version of the nursery rhyme, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", a song she co-wrote, that brought her public acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became a major hit on the radio and was also one of the biggest-selling records of the decade.

Born Ella Jane Fitzgerald on April 25, 1917 in Newport News, Virginia and died on June 15, 1996 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 79.

[usafphantom2]

#onthisday in 1941 the B-17E Flying Fortress flew for the first time. This featured an increase in armament over previous variants.

@classicwarbirds via X

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress | Classic Warbirds

Responding to the specification released by the United States Army in May 1934 calling for a multi-engined bomber that was able to carry a bomb load of 2,000lb between 1,020 and 2,200 miles, at a speed of 200 - 250 mph, with a deadline of August 1935 for a prototype of the aircraft to be ready for testing. Boeing submitted their Model 299, which would be powered by four engines. Design of the aircraft began midway through June 1934, and just over a year later, on the 16th July 1935 at Boeing Field, the aircraft was introduced to the press, with the headlines the next day proclaiming a '15-ton Flying Fortress' leading to Boeing registering it as the Model 299 name.

Twelve days later on the 28th July 1935 the B-17 made its first flight, before being flown to Wright Field for testing and evaluation a few weeks later. By making this flight the B-17 met two objectives of the United States Army specification, firstly the journey was 2,100 miles long and was done at an average speed of 252 mph. The prototype comprised armament of five machine guns and could carry more than double the required bomb load of 2,000lb with a 4,800lb maximum load and was powered by four 750-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1690 radial engines. However during testing a setback occurred on the 30th October 1935, when the prototype crashed on take-off, an investigation was to later conclude that the controls had been locked when take-off was attempted. Despite this setback the United States Army Air Corps ordered thirteen YB-17s, later to be called Y1B-17s, as a result of the successful testing before the accident.

The 2nd December 1936 saw the first Y1B-17 fly, with a few improvements compared to the prototype, the aircraft would now be powered by 930-hp Wright GR-1820-39 Cyclone radials and could accommodate nine crew members. The USAAC's 2nd Bombardment Group based at Langley Field received twelve aircraft during the first eight months of 1937. The other Y1B-17 of the thirteen originally ordered was sent for further testing at Wright Field. A fourteenth example had also been built for testing the strength of the airframe but was later fitted with 1,000-hp engines with turbochargers. After initial problems, it finally flew on the 29th April 1938, with an improvement on its maximum altitude and speed. As this new version was the first variant to enter operational service it was designated the B-17A. Following shortly after was the B-17B, which, whilst almost identical to the B-17A, featured a larger rudder. This first flew on the 27th June 1939 and just over a year later, on the 21st July 1940, the new B-17C flew with 1,200-hp engines.

It was with the Royal Air Force that the B-17 was to first experience combat during the Second World War (1939 - 1945) when No. 90 Squadron, which reformed on the 7th May 1941 at RAF Watton, received the B-17C, designated Fortress I that same month. On the 8th July 1941 they took part in their first RAF raid against the naval barracks at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, however, bombing from 30,000 ft they failed to hit the target. Over the next two months another 26 attacks were made on various German targets, and with eight Fortress Is lost due to combat or accidents the Fortress I proved unsatisfactory for use by Bomber Command for daylight bombing. The remaining Fortress Is were transferred to Coastal Command. As a result of the poor performance of the B-17 over Europe a number of areas where the aircraft could be improved were found, these included more defensive armament to combat attacks from German fighters and a higher service celling. By the end of 1941, the United States was drawn into the Second World War after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on the 7th December 1941.

The introduction of the B-17D, with additional armour and self-sealing tanks, and the B-17E, which flew for the first time on the 5th September 1941. The United States Army Air Force first raid over Europe was on the 17th August 1942, when twelve B-17Es escorted by Supermarine Spitfires of the Royal Air Force attacked the marshalling yards at Rouen in France, only two aircraft sustained minor damage and the mission was a success.

Flying for the first time on the 30th May 1942, the B-17F featured a redesigned nose, more armour and increased fuel capacity. Along with the B-17E it would be the Flying Fortress versions most extensively used by the Eighth Air Force. However mounting losses during the daylight raids were to show that the Flying Fortress either on its own or flying in formation could not defend themselves. Although the B-17G appeared with a gun turret in the nose section to limit the aircraft's vulnerability to head on attacks, daylight raids deep into Germany saw heavy losses. The introduction of the North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt equipped with external fuel tanks saw losses reduced.

The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress was used wherever US forces were. In the Pacific theatre of war they were used for close-support bombing, patrol and reconnaissance. A few B-17's were produced for special operations and purposes and despite production totalling 12,731, only a few hundred would stay in service at the conclusion of the Second World War.

Technical Details

Click on the aircraft image to view a larger version.

Top Speed Range Service Ceiling Armament

B-17A 295 mph 3,600 miles 38,000 ft five 0.30-in machine-guns

eight 600lb bombs

B-17B 292 mph 3,600 miles 36,000 ft six 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

four 1,100lb bombs

B-17C 323 mph 3,400 miles 37,000 ft five 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,800lb bombs

B-17D 323 mph 3,400 miles 37,000 ft five 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,800lb bombs

B-17E 317 mph 3,200 miles 36,000 ft eight 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,200lb bombs

B-17E side profile image

B-17F 325 mph 2,800 miles 37,500 ft eleven 0.50-in machine-guns

8,000lb bombs

B-17G 302 mph 3,400 miles 35,600 ft twelve 0.50-in machine-guns

8,000lb bombs

B-17G side profile image

XB-38 Sole B-17E tested with a Allison V-1710V engine.

YB-40 292 mph 2,260 miles 29,200 ft at least fourteen 0.50-in machine-guns

C-108 Four aircraft converted and used as cargo carriers and V.I.P transport.

F-9 Designation for a number of B-17s converted into photo reconnaissance aircraft.

BQ-7 Aphrodite B-17s converted into drones.

PB-1 Designation given to B-17s used by the United States Navy.

[jedivoodoochile]

Norma Jeane to Marilyn Monroe 1926 - 1962. (Scroll down for 1926 - 1962)💋

1926

June 1: Birth at Los Angeles General Hospital.

June 13: Taken to live with the foster family, the Bolenders.

1933💋

Fall: Mother Gladys Baker takes Norma Jeane to live with her.

1934💋

February: Gladys Baker taken to an institution.

1935💋

June 1: Grace McKee becomes legal guardian.

September 13: Norma Jeane is left at the orphanage.

1937💋

June 26: Grace McKee takes her away from the orphanage.

1938💋

November: Goes to live with 'Aunt' Ana Lower.

1942💋

June 19: Marries James E. Dougherty.

1944💋

April: Norma Jeane starts work at the Radio Plane Munitions Factory.

1946💋

April: First National Magazine cover, in 'Family Circle'.

June 26: Photographed by David Conover for 'Yank' magazine.

July 19: First Screen-Test, for 20th Century Fox.

July 23: First Six Months studio contract, renewed in January.

July 29: First mention in a Hollywood gossip Column (Hedda Hopper).

August 2: Norma Jeane Dougherty applies to join the 'Blue Book Modeling Agency'.

September 13: Divorce granted from James E. Dougherty.

1947💋

August 25: Fox Contract not renewed for a second time.

1948💋

February: Marilyn befriends mogul Joseph M. Schenck.

March 9: Contract with Columbia Pictures.

September 8: Dropped by Columbia.

December 31: Meets agent Johnny Hyde, who indicates himself to promote her.

1949💋

May 27: Poses for photographer Tom Kelley - the nude Calendar shots.

July 24: First interview with Earl Wilson.

August 15: Starts shooting 'A Ticket To Tomahawk'.

October: Sings contract with MGM for the breakthrough role in 'The Asphalt Jungle'.

1950💋

January 5: Starts shooting 'The Fireball'.

April: Lands small but perfectly formed part in 'All About Eve'.

December 18: Johnny Hyde dies.

1951💋

March 29: Presents an Oscar at the Academy Awards ceremony.

April 18: Shooting starts on 'Love Nest'.

May 11: Latest six months contract and Fox converted to seven-year deal.

September 8: First full length national magazine feature in 'Colliers'.

1952💋

March: Marilyn and Joe DiMaggio go out on a first date.

March 13: Nude calendar story broken to public.

April 7: First 'Life' cover snapped by Phillipe Halsman.

June 1: On her birthday leans she is to be Lorelei Lee in 'Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'.

August 31: Live radio debut.

September 2: Grand marshal at the Miss America pageant.

1953💋

January, 21: She becomes a star when 'Niagara' is released.

January, 26: Marilyn and Jane Russell put their hand and feet prints in wet cement. At Graumann's Chinese Theater.

September, 13: TV debut at the 'Jack Benny Show'.

November, 4: Premier of 'How To Marry a Millionaire'.

December 15: Doesn't appear for shooting of 'The Girl in Pink Tights'.

1954💋

January, 4: Suspended by Fox.

January, 14: Marriage with Joe Dimaggio in San Francisco.

February, 2: They arrive at Tokyo Airport.

February, 16: Marilyn gives 10 concert's for the American soldiers in Korea.

September, 15: The shooting for the blowing skirt scene, included in the movie 'The Seven Year Itch'.

October, 5: Marilyn divorces Joe DiMaggio.

November, 6: Hollywood party in honor of Marilyn.

1955💋

January, 7: Press conference for 'Marilyn Monroe Productions Inc.'.

January, 15: Marilyn moves to the East coast, she is also suspended by Fox.

February: She met Lee Strasberg, and joins 'The Actor Studio'.

March, 31: She appears on a pink elephant on a benefit evening in 'Madison Square Garden'.

April, 8: Live in TV program of 'Person2Person' with Edward R. Murrow.

June, 1: Premier of 'The Seven Year Itch'.

1956💋

January, 4: A new contract between Fox and MM Productions.

February, 9: Marilyn and Sir Laurence Olivier announce that they will work together in 'The Sleeping Prince'.

June, 29: She marries Arthur Miller.

July, 14: She travels to London to begin with the shooting of 'The Prince And The Showgirl'.

August: Her first miscarriage.

October, 29: She meets Queen Elizabeth.

1957💋

June, 13: Premier of 'TPATS'.

August, 1: Another miscarriage.

1958💋

August, 4: The shooting of 'Some Like It Hot' begins, until November.

December, 17: Another miscarriage.

1959💋

March, 29: Premier of 'Some Like It Hot'.

1960💋

March, 8: Golden Globe award for 'Best Actress in a Comedy', in 'Some Like It Hot'.

June, 18: The shooting of 'The Misfits' begins.

August, 26: Marilyn is admitted in the hospital, some say in was a suicide attempt.

November, 11: Marilyn announce she divorces Arthur Miller.

November, 16: Clark Gable (who worked with in 'The Misfits') died of an heart attack.

1961💋

January, 20: Divorce of Arthur Miller.

January, 31: Premier 'The Misfits'.

February, 7: She is admitted to the 'Payne Whitney Clinic' in New York.

February, 11: She is admitted to 'Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center'.

October: Meets Robert Kennedy.

November: Meets John. F. Kennedy.

1962💋

February: Moves back to Los Angeles, in Brentwood.

March, 5: She get's a Gold Globe Award for 'World Film Favorite'.

April, 23: Shooting begins for 'Something's Got To Give'.

May, 19: Sings 'Happy Birthday' to JFK in 'Madison Square Garden'.

June, 1: Last workday at Fox.

June, 7: fired by Fox.

June, 23: Rehired by Fox.

July, 20: Admitted to the 'Cedars of Lebanon Hospital'.

August, 3: She appears on the cover of 'Life'.

August, 4: The last day Marilyn Monroe was alive.

August, 5: Marilyn Monroe is found dead in bed, autopsy reveals suicide. (possible)

August, 8: Funeral in 'Westwood Memorial Park Cemetery' 🙏💐🌸⚘️💐🌸⚘️