#xuanzang

[royaltea000]

Mama a monkey behind you

[thrandilf]

Behold, the middle-aged Chinese protagonist whose gender occasionally changes depending on portrayal who we can all relate to and project on

[shanks]

TRY方言

[heshemejoshi]

going west

[yoga-onion]

Heart Sutra ~ A sutra that describes “The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom" (3) 

The merits of “Prajna-paramita Hridhya Sutra” – Part 2 [Part 1]

There is also a commentary that describes as below:

‘When Xuanzang crossed over Silk Road to India, he traveled with his shadow as his companion along the way, where there were no birds to fly, no beasts to meet and no water plants to be found. During this time, Xuanzang was chanting the ‘Heart Sutra’ with Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva in mind. At one point, he encountered a group of evil demons and was surrounded in front and behind. He prayed to Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva for help, but this had no effect and the demons did not leave. Next, believing in the power of the Heart Sutra, he recited it, and the demons fled at once. Thanks to this, Xuanzang was spared.’

It emphasises that the efficacy of the spiritual experience lies in the scripture itself and that reciting the scripture orally is an excellent manifestation of the spiritual experience. And although Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva appears in the Heart Sutra and is the embodiment of Prajna-paramita, they too is only a character in the Heart Sutra.

This commentary also states that if the Prajna-paramita Sutra is recited, it has miraculous efficacy of detoxification, curing illness and expelling disasters, as well as annihilating the sins and karma of previous lives.

Furthermore, it says that while it is beneficial to recite and memorise the Heart Sutra alone, if this sutra is copied and given to others to explain, the merit is greater and some spiritual benefit can be gained. In the "Great Storage of Scriptures", the ‘Pure Land Rebirth Mantra’ is given at the end of the translation annotation. And it is written that if the mantra ‘Gate Gate Paragate Parasamgate Bodhi Svaha’ at the end of the Heart Sutra is chanted together with it, this is a spiritual experience that will lead to swift rebirth in the Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss (Sukhavati). In other words, you can die peacefully.

These are just a few, and most commentators state through their annotations that the spiritual experiences of the Heart Sutra are extremely manifest. [Click here to continue]

般若心経 〜「智慧の完成」の精髄を述べる経典 (3)

『般若波羅蜜多心経 (梵: ﾌﾟﾗｼﾞｭﾅｰﾊﾟｰﾗﾐﾀｰ･ﾌﾘﾀﾞﾔ･ｽｰﾄﾗ) 』の功徳 〜 その2（これまで）

“玄奘三蔵がインドに渡るとき、途中は飛ぶ鳥もな���、獣に出会うこともなく、水草もないところを自分の影を伴友にして行った。その間、三蔵は観音菩薩を念じ『般若心経』を口ずさんでいた。あるとき、悪鬼どもに遭遇し、前後を囲まれてしまった。そこで彼は観音菩薩の助けを念じたが、一向に効きめがなく、悪鬼は退散しなかった。次に『般若心経』の威力を信じ口誦すると、悪鬼どもは一目散に逃げ去った。お陰で三蔵は難を免���た。“という『般若心経』の霊験を玄奘三蔵が受けたことを記している注釈書もある。

観音菩薩は『般若心経』の中に出てくる菩薩で、般若波羅蜜多の体現者ではあるが、その菩薩も所詮、『般若心経』の登場人物にすぎなく、霊験の効能は経典そのものにあり、経典を口誦することがすぐれた霊験を表すことを強調している。

この注釈書には『般若心経』を読誦するならば、解毒、治病、除災などの霊験もあり、先世の罪業も消滅する効能が見られるとも述べている。

さらに、『般若心経』を一人だけで読誦し記憶したりすることも効験があるが、この経典を写経して、それを他の人に与え、説明するならば、その功徳は多大で何らかの霊験を受けるはずだとも述べている。

その他にも、卍続蔵経（大蔵経）には、往生浄土神呪という真言を訳註の最後に示し、その真言と一緒に『般若心経』の末尾にある「ギャーテー・ギャーテー・ハーラーギャーテー・ハーラーギャーテー・ボージー・ソワカ」という真言を唱えると、速やかに極楽浄土に往生できる霊験を得ると記されている。つまり、安らかに死ねるということだ。

これらはほんの一部に過ぎず、ほとんどの注釈者たちは『般若心経』の霊験の効き目は著しく現れることを、註釈を通して述べている。

（続くはここをクリック）

[dummy-dot-exe]

御仏パワー by ねこのけだま@mqq11

[valentine--heart]

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@axl-ul

[quitealotofsodapop]

Do you know if there's any initiation process for people to become sworn siblings?

Or do they just say, "You're my sworn sibling now." to each other?

I think it is comparable to the historical practice of "blood brothers" in which close companions would symbolically "mix blood" by pressing opened wounds against one another or drinking one another's blood. In some cultures with a more "eww. blood" attitude, a sacrifice was made in each other's honour to seal the deal instead.

In folklore; the only reason the gods in the Norse pantheon don't get rid of Loki despite their mischief, is because Loki and Odin are blood brothers.

Noted examples in East Asia mainly come from Mongolian and tribal Chinese accounts - in which it was common practice amongst dear friends and their children. One famous example is Temüjin aka Genghis Khan and his childhood friend Jamukha - the latter's betrayal and attempted usurping considered one of the Khan's greatest emotional losses.

For particularly Chinese sources I found this article about traditional Chinese Kinship, though most of the sources come from Taiwan.

The standard ritual was for each sworn sibling to add their names and dates to a contract and ritualistically burn it - as to add it to the infernal and celestial archives. "Can't return me without the receipt" - at it's finest.

Another familiar practice was for each sibling in the pact to add their blood to wine, and pass it around to drink.

It's a bit flexible depending on the individuals. Whether for personal or political reasons. But the "ideal" scenario is people who are so close, that they feel that they might as well by legally recognised as siblings. Sworn brethren could, for example, contribute to the dowry of a sworn sibling's daughter, preform mourning rituals for the others bio family, or becoming legal guardians of your sworn-sibling's kid in case of their death.

Or in the case of Confucian-era China outlawing homosexuality, it was a clever way to facilitate a same-sex marriage. Can't fault two guys for living together and raising their kids when it's a legally recognised practice! A bunch of friends could come together and make a brotherhood pact as a way to cheekily help others in the group be married in spirit when the state wouldn't recognise it.

Some folks even did it so that members in their bio family who were interested in eachother could have "a reason" to be interacting. Imperial gender norms be wildin' so hard that you can't talk to your crush without your dads being legally best bros.

This is why in chinese slang; "sworn brothers" is used as slang for "gay relationship". Aka "oh my god, they were roommates."-vine.

In JTTW: Sun Wukong and the Brotherhood/Seven Sages declare themselves sworn kin at the same time Wukong elects his Marshals and Generals. In this case, they are all close friends who officiate their sworn kinship through partying hard, and making sacrifices to both Heaven and Hell. They even have separate days out together.

(Source: Anthony C Yu translation)

Who knows, maybe a wedding was thrown in the mix? With all the drinking I wouldn't be shocked if there was some confusion with the ritual contract! XD

Wukong, re-reading the contract years later: "HA! Flood Dragon and Tamarin put themselves down as the other kind of sworn brother! Wonder if they even noticed that?" Bull King, there to check: "I doubt it. I'm just glad I'm not legally married to anyone. Don't want any loose ends before me and Iron Fan get hitched."

Erlang and the Six Lads of Plum Hill/Meishan Brothers are all sworn brothers too - in a more frat-boy/brothers-in-arms sense. They've all likely know each other for decades, and legit see each other equal to siblings. Notably, Erlang shares the bounty he received from capturing Sun Wukong fairly across his brothers (and presumably the remaining odd bit for the dog). Four of the brothers are Marshals while Two are Generals, giving more credence to the headcanon of Wukong's Stalwarts being his sworn family as well. In an odd bit of hilarity amongst the tense fight of Flower Fruit Mountain, the bros even rib Erlang for thinking too hard about Wukong.

Erlang, trying to be cool and edgy: "What a foul being to dare call himself equal to heaven. I ought to-" Plum Hill Lad: "Aww! Elder Bro has a crush!" Erlang, flustered: "I DO NOT!!" Plum Hill Lads, all cracking up and making kissy faces: "Then why are you thinking about him so much?" "Major sus bro!" "If you wanna fight him so much why don't you just marry him?" (*Invasion is paused as all six Plum Hill lads start rough-housing with their elder bro. Many head-noogies are inflicted.*) Wukong, on the ground: "You know what those guys are talking about Macaque?" Macaque, teasing: "Why, are you interested in him or something?" Wukong, blushing like a schoolgirl: "Oh my gawds! Stahp!"

Curiously, Wukong describes himself and Erlang as "sworn brothers" later in the book; suggesting that they had a close relationship at some point. One of my fave pieces of art (can't find it rn) is Erlang asking Wukong to be his "sworn brother", and Wukong assumes he means "spouse" and gets confused when Erlang mentions having six more. XD

A "lesser" case would be; The Tang Emperor declaring Xuanzang/Tripitaka his oath/sworn brother because the monk is doing him a solid. The Emperor shows his immense gratitude, and Tripitaka gains some political clout that he can throw around if he needs to (the Empress of the Kingdom of Women even sees this as a marriage bonus). Tripitaka def doesn't do the "blood" or sacrificial part of what these rituals imply, as per his Buddhist upbringing, but it's still seen as a binding oath. Rather, they bow to one another and declare their status are sworn bros before an image of the Buddha in the monastery.

In Tripitaka's case, it's more of Emperor Taizong being like; "Look, this pilgrimage is so important to me that I'm gonna legally and spirtually count you as my little brother so that you understand how much I trust you." Meanwhile the monk is like; "What?Thats a bit much don't you think?"

Later on, the promise of becoming one's sworn brother is passed between characters akin to "If you pull this off for me, I would straight up be your best bro."

And ofc the Pilgrims consider eachother sworn kin/brothers at the end of the story, even if they didn't do a ritual to seal it.

So yeah in summary:

Rituals can be performed but are not 100% required. Even a mutual declaration before an idol/holy image is enough. Whilst the Brotherhood of Sages celebrate their new pact through booze and partying and blood sacrifices - Tripitaka and the Tang Emperor just declared it while in a monastery.

People did it for money and political reasons too.

They also did it cus "It ain't gay if it's brotherhood."

Sworn kinship can be forged overtime.

The celestial and infernal archives have the reciepts.

Btw you can do a "sworn divorce" if you and your bro have a falling out.

Whilst the practice isn't really a thing in modern China, I imagine it's still common amongst yaoguai and/or celestials.

[niteshade925]

April 12, Xi'an, China, Daci'en Temple/大慈恩寺 and the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda/大雁塔 (Part 1 - Temple and Architecture):

Daci'en Temple is famous in popular culture mainly for one reason: the monk Xuanzang/玄奘, or the real person who inspired the character of Tang Sanzang/唐三藏 (sometimes translated as "Tripitaka") in the novel Journey to the West/西游记. Xuanzang was in charge of Daci'en Temple after he returned to China in 645 AD from his journey throughout Central Asia and India. More on him later.

The temple is also known for two more things, first is its importance to Chinese Buddhism, as the temple is considered the cradle of the Consciousness-Only School (weishizong/唯识宗) and the Dharma Characteristics School (faxiangzong/法相宗)(both are part of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism), and second is the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda (built in 652 AD while Xuanzang was in charge of the temple).

The temple has been rebuilt over the years, and the current temple (excluding the pagoda) was mainly built in 1466, during Ming dynasty, thus the current temple consists of Ming-era architecture:

Drum and bell towers within the temple

Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the distance

More pictures of the architecture. I have to say it's better preserved here than in other places so far...

Coming up to the Mahavira Hall/大雄宝殿 of the temple

As mentioned in the previous posts on Qinglong Temple, I avoided taking pictures of the Buddha statues as this is considered disrespectful. But because it's just hard to avoid including them in pictures of the architecture, the statues may be partially visible sometimes.

Approaching the Tushita Hall/兜率

More pics of the architecture, note the pattern on the windows, called chuangling/窗棂. This particular one is a "three-crossing"/三交 pattern, the highest grade of chuangling.

There were two visiting monks taking pictures of this relief behind Mahavira Hall, so it's probably okay to snap a picture of it. The interesting thing is the bian'e/匾额 above it, which says 人天欢喜 (right to left: "human and heaven rejoice together"). Usually it's "heaven" before "human" (天人), but here it's clearly "human" before "heaven".

The Guanyin Hall/观音殿. Guanyin is the Chinese name for Avalokitesvara. The smaller red lanterns are where visiters hang their wishes from:

And finally the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, one of the landmarks of Xi'an. This pagoda was originally built to house all of the Buddhist texts and relics Xuanzang had brought back from India, and is the largest Tang-era brick pagoda remaining today. In Tang dynasty (618 - 907 AD), people who passed the imperial exams to become jinshi/进士 would tour around Chang'an on horseback with flowers in their hair and write poems before this pagoda, called "雁塔题名".

Before we entered the temple, I could hear a weird jingle-jangle from across the street, but it was only when we came up to the pagoda that I realized where the sound was coming from. There were bells hanging from every corner of every level of the pagoda, and they were pretty loud for their size.

Since it was pretty hot outside that day, to avoid possible heat stroke we didn't attempt to climb the pagoda (I don't think there's air conditioning inside considering that this pagoda is 1300+ years old.....). I think there were several important artifacts/relics inside? But I can find some pictures from online for part 3.

[journeytothewestresearch]

A Modern Journey to the West Sequel

Joel Bigman has written The Second Journey (2024), a modern sequel to Journey to the West (Xiyouji, 西��記, 1592), which is being touted as “The World’s First Chinese-Jewish Historical Fantasy.” The story is framed as the contents of a lost 7th-century CE scroll discovered inside a buried jar while city planners investigate a watermain leak in modern Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China. A subsequent translation of the Aramaic text reveals a second, unknown journey undertaken by Xuanzang, Sun Wukong, and Zhu Bajie (but not Sha Wujing or the Dragon Horse) five years after their original return. This new quest is initiated by the Bodhisattva Guanyin, who requests that the Tang Monk seek knowledge outside of China for the benefit of the Kaifeng Jews, who have assimilated so much into Chinese culture that they’ve forgotten how to read their Hebrew scriptures. The trio travels past India and into Central Asia, where they procure the services of “Bear” (a.k.a. the “Second Samson“), a supernaturally strong Jew with knowledge of the various routes and personages of Historic Palestine. Together with a mysterious donkey, they travel from town to town looking for a holy man willing to return to China and become the Kaifeng Jewish community’s new teacher, thereby reigniting their religious life. Bear arranges for the pilgrims to meet and stay with several such holy men—allowing them to learn Hebrew and Jewish culture and religious history along the way—but the search for the right candidate is quite difficult.

I give The Second Journey four and a half out of five stars. The book is well-written, with smooth and oftentimes thought-provoking dialogue. The worldbuilding is very creative and yet still respectful to both Jewish beliefs and Chinese mythos. It’s definitely a great way to introduce someone to Jewish culture and religious history via Journey to the West. I highly recommend it!

[royaltea000]

- Sanzang <3

[the-monkey-ruler]

The Origin of Goku (2019) El Origen de Goku

Director: Rodrigo Septien / Alvaro Pascual Starring: Rodrigo Septien / Alvaro Pascual Genre: Musical Official website: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxIBZ-nQhgZES3UaTm8eDPA Country/Region of Production: Spain Language: Spanish Date: November 20, 2019 Duration: 3 minutes Type: Retelling

Summary:

Did you know that Goku is inspired by a character from one of the most famous books in Chinese literature? Journey to the West! Discover the epic story of Monkey King Sun Wukong with this fun song!

Source: https://destripando-la-historia.fandom.com/es/wiki/El_Origen_de_Goku

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdoNlV9GH6E

[shanks]

魚デニム

[tuskstudioart]

Sighs heavily...

So I did tripitaka-!!! Finally-- not too sure abt this design though,so I'm considering it a WIP/Rough Draft until I either get a better idea or just get used to this one. But yeah! The guy😋

[serenhob]

Sanzang and Yarn chicken

Idk what it is about him but I feel like Sanzang would always underestimate how much yarn he needs for a project leading to his disciples looking like patchwork dolls.

[yoga-onion]

Heart Sutra ~ A sutra that describes “The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom" (2) 

The merits of “Prajna-paramita Hridhya Sutra” [So far]

The Heart Sutra, which is commonly circulated in Japan, was translated into Chinese from the original sanskrit by Xuanzang. 

Xuanzang (6 April 602 – 5 February 664), born Chen Hui or Chen Yi, also known by his Sanskrit name Mokṣadeva, was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making contributions to Chinese Buddhism, the travelogue of his journey to India in 629–645, his efforts to bring at least 657 Indian texts to China, and his translations of some of these texts.

Not a few commentaries on the Heart Sutra emphasise its immeasurably great merits. It is quoted in part below:

'The Buddhist monk Xuanzang Dharma Master received this scripture and experienced an outstanding spiritual experience. This is why this scripture has been spread to the general public. Therefore, if you wear clean clothes, sit upright, and recite this scripture 500 times, you will be able to eliminate 95 kinds of evil ways, and if you live by following this scripture, you will be liberated from all suffering and troubles.’ It describes how Xuanzang received the spiritual power of the Heart Sutra.

In other commentaries, there are specific passages describing what the spiritual experiences of Xuanzang were. [To be continued]

般若心経 〜「智慧の完成」の精髄を述べる経典 (2)

『般若波羅蜜多心経 (梵: ﾌﾟﾗｼﾞｭﾅｰﾊﾟｰﾗﾐﾀｰ･ﾌﾘﾀﾞﾔ･ｽｰﾄﾗ) 』の功徳（これまで）

日本で一般的��流布している『般若心経』は、玄奘三蔵が原典のサンスクリット語から漢語に翻訳したものである。

玄奘三蔵法師（602年4月6日-664年2月5日）は、陳慧または陳毅の名で生まれ、サンスクリット名モクシャデーヴァとしても知られ、7世紀の中国の僧侶、学者、旅行者、翻訳者である。彼は、中国仏教への画期的な貢献、629 年から 645 年にかけてのインド旅行の旅行記、少なくとも 657 冊のインドの文献を中国に持ち込む取り組み、およびこれらの文献の一部の翻訳で知られている。

『般若心経』の注釈書の中には、その功徳が計り知れないほど多大であることを強調するものが少なくない。その一部は以下引用：

“玄奘三蔵法師はこの経典を受持されて優れた霊験を経験された。このことによってこの経典は一般に流布した。だから清潔な衣を着て正身端座して、この経典を五百回読通するならば、九十五種の邪道を除去することができ、またこの経典に随従して生活すれば一切の苦厄から解脱することができる。”

他の注釈書にも、玄奘三蔵が受けた『般若心経』の霊験がどのようなものであったかが、具体的に記されている箇所がある。[つづく]