#rubp
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the one thing about me is that you can explain photosynthesis to me a million times every single day of my life for the next 70 years until I'm dead and it still will never "click" in my brain
#I have constantly been learning photosynthesis for like the past 5ish years and#every time it comes up in a class it's like the first time I'm hearing about it#like I know HOW it works its just once you start talking about glycolate and RuBP and 3-PGA and all that...#I need to relearn this shit from scratch each time lol
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I was explaining how RuBP works in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis to some of my classmates and I was like "Uhhhh you know the Ship of Theseus?"
#they did luckily lol i just felt silly using that as a metaphor because I only really know about it from. tumblr.#also is RuBP used for C4 plants? my prof didnt really go into them like. at all.#op
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Já era esperado que AUGUSTO CÉSAR FARNESE DE TAVARES E ALBUQUERQUE viesse para a Ilha de Treatan, afinal, ele é um DUQUE vindo do REINO UNIDO DO BRASIL PATRIOTA (Brasil). Não que seja elegante perguntar, mas sei que ele já conta com seus 30 ANOS, e não esconde a fama de CALCULISTA, mas é sabido que seu lado PACIENTE compensa.
HEADCANONS
Filho de uma condessa italiana e o duque de Solarim, do Reino Unido do Brasil Patriota, Augusto era uma figura enigmática. Sonso o suficiente para não deixar ser pego mas ácido demais para deixar passar as oportunidades de cutucar a nobreza em seus pontos fracos, sua sorte era que o rei e seus herdeiros eram burros demais para sequer compreender a maioria de seus insultos, alguns velados, outros nem tanto. Eles desconfiavam que Augusto dizia coisas que não eram lisojeiras, porém como afirmar? Seus modos sedutores e carismáticos, o sorriso que parecia um caramelo, o olhar que emanava um magnetismo inegável... Eles só podiam achar que seu poder era esse. Os boatos oficiais, se é que podia-se dizer tal combinação de palavras (nada tão impossível para o RUBP, já conhecido por suas verdades questionáveis), diziam isso: Augusto tinha o poder do convencimento, da sedução ou indução, por voz ou por toque, os detalhes eles ainda vinham averiguando. A realidade era que Augusto apreciava esse mistério cômico a respeito de seu poder, e não negava nem admitia. Sua famosa indução era na verdade seu charme, não infalível, mas potente o suficiente para levantar esse tipo de hipótese. Já havia dito que seu poder ainda era desconhecido, que talvez só soubessem quando alguém tentasse matá-lo e viesse a descobrir que ele tinha sete vidas, no entanto, pareciam não querer acreditar, então que assim fosse. Até porque não era mesmo verdade. Preferia que não soubessem a respeito da sua capacidade de atravessar paredes. Ou lanças. Ou um punho na direção do seu rosto. A intangibilidade era um segredo útil demais naquele reino, principalmente quando seu pai o havia criado para uma tentativa de golpe de Estado. O velho duque de Solarim queria ver seu filho rei, só não esperava que seu filho fosse é querer ver a monarquia na lama. Esse detalhe era reservado a poucos. Havia crescido no litoral do Rio de Janeiro enquanto seus pais viajavam entre Nova Brasília, Minas Gerais e de volta ao Rio. Havia algum rumor a respeito de supostamente, e digo supostamente, desde a adolescência Augusto escapar nas noites brasileiras para estar entre vermelhos. Nenhum vermelho jamais o delatou. Nenhum Bolsonaro (e ele odiava dizer esse nome) jamais conseguiu provar, também. Além disso, sendo os Tavares e Albuquerque uma família que tinha tanto ouro e a capacidade de multiplicá-lo, não era muito conveniente que fossem perseguidos pelo rei, não o medroso e bajulador-de-rico do rei. Dessa maneira, Augusto se beneficiava de mais do que um pouco de liberdade e ousadia. Fosse na cidade natal ou na capital onde passara os últimos anos, andando por cômodos que jamais deveria ter estado, libertando prisioneiros, sabotando missões, e sorrindo com todos os dentes em banquetes onde dizia uma dúzia de palavras que ninguém além dos criados e seus parentes direto entendiam, esses últimos atordoados com o medo de que ele cavasse a própria cova, eventualmente.
EXTRAS
Dom Henrique de Tavares e Albuquerque, Velho Duque, pai, falecido
Duquesa Viúva de Solarim, Vittoria Farnese, mãe
Donos de minérios de ouro no estado de Minas Gerais, suas terras se chamavam Solarim, seu grande ducado. Os Tavares e Albuquerque tinham muitos segredos. O hábito de mentir sobre os próprios poderes, por exemplo. O desejo de tirar a coroa da cabeça do rei e seus herdeiros. Quem saberia dizer o que mais? Gostavam mais de passar os dias no castelo no litoral, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mas a proximidade com a família real os dividia entre esses dois lugares e Nova Brasília. Odiavam Nova Brasília e tudo sobre ela, mas eram influentes. Dom Henrique tinha o toque de Midas como havia tido seu avô, porém falava sobre sua "habilidade mágica de encontrar ouro", como o mesmo havia feito. Sua esposa, Vittoria, nobre italiana cujo casamento trouxe ainda mais prestígio para ambos, era sua confidente e parceira. Seu poder é o de uma espécie de "contrato de atlas": ela consegue sentir o valor verdadeiro de qualquer coisa ou pessoa, em ouro ou em influência, lealdade ou risco. Foi assim que transformou a riqueza do marido em uma rede de alianças intocável, comprando não terras, mas dívidas, segredos e favores. Enquanto Henrique criava ouro, Vittoria garantia que ele nunca perdesse o brilho. Ela sabe, por exemplo, que o rei do RUBP vale menos que seu cavalo de guerra, que a lealdade do general do exército pode ser comprada com um título, e que o próprio filho, Augusto, é a moeda mais valiosa e mais perigosa que já manejou.
PODER
O poder da intangibilidade é seu maior segredo, e sua arma mais poderosa. Augusto nunca o revelou, permitindo que a corte acreditasse em mentiras muito úteis para si mesmo, como "indução por voz" ou "toque hipnótico". Na realidade, ele só precisa de um instante incorpóreo para sumir de uma cela, atravessar uma muralha ou deixar uma adaga passar por seu peito. Augusto já disse não saber qual é seu poder, e que talvez seja que tem sete vidas ao invés de uma, mas as pessoas em geral acreditam mais na versão da sua habilidade de indução mágica, então ele não insiste. Apenas não nega e nem confirma. O que chamam de indução, convencimento ou sedução é, na realidade, apenas um tanto de charme que confunde até quem o odeia, obviamente não imune à falha.
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O nome - REINO UNIDO DO BRASIL PATRIOTA (RUBP) - evoca “união e grandeza”, porém, na prática, o reino tupiniquim não passa de uma pataquada teocrático-militarista, ultraconservadora e nacionalista, erguida sobre as ruínas de uma antiga república. Se no resto do mundo a cor adorada é o azul, por aqui só se fala em verde e amarelo. A sede do governo é a Capital Nova Brasília, inteiramente reformulada com bandeiras gigantes, estátuas douradas ridículas da família real e uma Praça dos Patriotas onde ocorrem os cerimoniais e discursos transmitidos internacionalmente (infelizmente, sem a ajuda de intérpretes). O Ministério da Ordem e Moralidade cuida da censura, dos trajes públicos e da fiscalização ideológica. A Guarda Imperial Verde-Amarela é a mão armada do poder, consistindo no exército pessoal da família real - não perdem a oportunidade de protagonizar cenas ridiculamente dramáticas de orgulho nacional, com os militares escalando rapidamente na hierarquia. O Tribunal dos Traidores da Pátria julga antigos políticos, jornalistas, professores e artistas (a maioria exilada ou presa), garantindo que nossa bandeira jamais será vermelha.
Educação controlada: só se ensina “história da pátria” e “valores do trono”.
Saúde baseada na “cura espiritual e medicina patriótica”.
Moeda: Real Divino – traz o rosto de Dom Jair I.
As redes sociais viraram “Rede da Nação” e só permitem postagens com emojis de bandeira e muuuuuita fake news.
Membros da Família Real:
DOM JAIR I, O Patriarca Libertador: autoproclamado Rei-Pai da Nação, ele assumiu o trono após declarar a Nova Ordem Patriótica. Comanda com pulso firme e uma estética de “messias guerreiro”. Quase nunca aparece em público, é tratado como figura mítica.
DONA MICHELLE, A Rainha Consorte da Fé: lidera o Conselho de Pureza Espiritual do Reino, misturando religiosidade carismática com rituais de consagração nacional. É vista como santa moderna por seus seguidores.
PRÍNCIPE HERDEIRO CARLUXO, O Vigilante Digital: controla a rede de informações do reino, supervisionando a chamada “Corte dos Memes” — um grupo de estrategistas digitais que manipula opinião pública com sátiras e vigilância cibernética.
DUQUE EDUARDO, Embaixador Supremo do Ocidente: cuida das relações com reinos aliados (principalmente RANU, Israel, Arábia Saudita e reinos armamentistas).
PRÍNCIPE JAIR RENAN, o encubado: adora uma festinha.
PRINCESA LAURINHA: estava indo tudo bem, até que o rei deu uma fraquejada e veio a primeira filha mulher.
* O Brasil não aceita aplicações para a família real, salvo parentes distantes e outros nobres.
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Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen, cellulose and starches. To use this stored chemical energy, an organism's cells metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth.
Some bacteria also perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, which uses bacteriochlorophyll to split hydrogen sulfide as a reductant instead of water, producing sulfur instead of oxygen. Archaea such as Halobacterium also perform a type of non-carbon-fixing anoxygenic photosynthesis, where the simpler photopigment retinal and its microbial rhodopsin derivatives are used to absorb green light and power proton pumps to directly synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "energy currency" of cells. Such archaeal photosynthesis might have been the earliest form of photosynthesis that evolved on Earth, as far back as the Paleoarchean, preceding that of cyanobacteria (see Purple Earth hypothesis).
While the details may differ between species, the process always begins when light energy is absorbed by the reaction centers, proteins that contain photosynthetic pigments or chromophores. In plants, these proteins are chlorophylls (a porphyrin derivative that absorbs the red and blue spectrums of light, thus reflecting green) held inside chloroplasts, abundant in leaf cells. In bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two important molecules that participate in energetic processes: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ATP.
In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, sugars are synthesized by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle. In this process, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. In other bacteria, different mechanisms like the reverse Krebs cycle are used to achieve the same end.
The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life using reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, rather than water, as sources of electrons. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed directly to the oxygenation of the Earth, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. The average rate of energy captured by global photosynthesis is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about eight times the total power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 billion tons (91–104 Pg petagrams, or a billion metric tons), of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthesis was discovered in 1779 by Jan Ingenhousz. He showed that plants need light, not just air, soil, and water.
Photosynthesis is vital for climate processes, as it captures carbon dioxide from the air and binds it into plants, harvested produce and soil. Cereals alone are estimated to bind 3,825 Tg or 3.825 Pg of carbon dioxide every year, i.e. 3.825 billion metric tons.

That reminds me of the Krebs cycle, which creates ATP instead of using it. I am learning just how much lifeforms rely on each other to survive. Destroying one could cause many others to crumble. Interesting.
(OOC: Sorry, but I do not understand plants very well at all. I like anatomy of animals, humans, and bugs more).
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Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen, cellulose and starches. To use this stored chemical energy, an organism's cells metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth.
Some bacteria also perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, which uses bacteriochlorophyll to split hydrogen sulfide as a reductant instead of water, producing sulfur instead of oxygen. Archaea such as Halobacterium also perform a type of non-carbon-fixing anoxygenic photosynthesis, where the simpler photopigment retinal and its microbial rhodopsin derivatives are used to absorb green light and power proton pumps to directly synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "energy currency" of cells. Such archaeal photosynthesis might have been the earliest form of photosynthesis that evolved on Earth, as far back as the Paleoarchean, preceding that of cyanobacteria (see Purple Earth hypothesis).
While the details may differ between species, the process always begins when light energy is absorbed by the reaction centers, proteins that contain photosynthetic pigments or chromophores. In plants, these proteins are chlorophylls (a porphyrin derivative that absorbs the red and blue spectrums of light, thus reflecting green) held inside chloroplasts, abundant in leaf cells. In bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two important molecules that participate in energetic processes: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ATP.
In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, sugars are synthesized by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle. In this process, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. In other bacteria, different mechanisms like the reverse Krebs cycle are used to achieve the same end.
The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life using reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, rather than water, as sources of electrons. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed directly to the oxygenation of the Earth, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. The average rate of energy captured by global photosynthesis is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about eight times the total power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 billion tons (91–104 Pg petagrams, or a billion metric tons), of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthesis was discovered in 1779 by Jan Ingenhousz. He showed that plants need light, not just air, soil, and water.
Photosynthesis is vital for climate processes, as it captures carbon dioxide from the air and binds it into plants, harvested produce and soil. Cereals alone are estimated to bind 3,825 Tg or 3.825 Pg of carbon dioxide every year, i.e. 3.825 billion metric tons.
Why are we suddenly in a science lesson? Its interesting nontheless though!
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REAKSI FOTOSINTESIS TUMBUHAN, PARDOMUANSITANGGANG.COM – Reaksi fotosintesis pada tumbuhan adalah proses biokimia di mana tumbuhan hijau, alga, dan beberapa bakteri mengubah energi cahaya menjadi energi kimia dalam bentuk gula. Proses ini terjadi terutama di daun yang mengandung klorofil, pigmen hijau yang menangkap energi cahaya. Fotosintesis dapat dibagi menjadi dua tahap utama: reaksi terang dan siklus Calvin (reaksi gelap). Berikut adalah penjelasan dari kedua tahap ini: Reaksi Terang Reaksi terang berlangsung di membran tilakoid kloroplas dan memerlukan cahaya untuk menghasilkan energi kimia dalam bentuk ATP dan NADPH. Berikut adalah tahapan-tahapannya: Penangkapan Cahaya: Energi cahaya diserap oleh klorofil dan pigmen aksesori lainnya di dalam fotosistem II (PSII) dan fotosistem I (PSI). Pemecahan Molekul Air: Energi dari cahaya yang diserap di PSII digunakan untuk memecah molekul air (H₂O) menjadi oksigen (O₂), proton (H⁺), dan elektron (e⁻). Proses ini dikenal sebagai fotolisis. Reaksi: 2 H₂O → 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻ + O₂ Transport Elektron: Elektron yang dihasilkan dari pemecahan air melewati rantai transpor elektron dari PSII ke PSI. Selama perjalanan ini, energi dari elektron digunakan untuk memompa proton ke dalam lumen tilakoid, menciptakan gradien proton yang akan digunakan untuk menghasilkan ATP. Reaksi: ADP + Pᵢ → ATP (fosforilasi kemiosmotik) Produksi NADPH: Elektron yang mencapai PSI digunakan untuk mengurangi NADP⁺ menjadi NADPH. Reaksi: NADP⁺ + 2 e⁻ + 2 H⁺ → NADPH + H⁺ Reaksi Gelap (Siklus Calvin) Reaksi gelap terjadi di stroma kloroplas dan tidak memerlukan cahaya langsung, tetapi menggunakan ATP dan NADPH yang dihasilkan dari reaksi terang untuk mengubah karbon dioksida (CO₂) menjadi gula (glukosa). Tahapan-tahapannya adalah sebagai berikut: Fiksasi Karbon: Enzim ribulose-1,5-bisfosfat karboksilase/oksigenase (RuBisCO) mengikat CO₂ dari atmosfer dan menggabungkannya dengan ribulose-1,5-bisfosfat (RuBP) untuk membentuk molekul 3-fosfogliserat (3-PGA). Reaksi: 3 RuBP + 3 CO₂ → 6 3-PGA Reduksi: 3-PGA diubah menjadi gliseraldehida-3-fosfat (G3P) melalui dua reaksi yang memerlukan ATP dan NADPH. Reaksi: 6 3-PGA + 6 ATP + 6 NADPH → 6 G3P + 6 ADP + 6 Pᵢ + 6 NADP⁺ Regenerasi RuBP: Sebagian besar G3P digunakan untuk meregenerasi RuBP sehingga siklus dapat terus berlangsung. Ini memerlukan tambahan ATP. Reaksi: 5 G3P + 3 ATP → 3 RuBP + 3 ADP Pembentukan Glukosa: Setiap tiga siklus, satu molekul G3P keluar dari siklus dan dapat digunakan untuk membentuk glukosa dan karbohidrat lainnya. Reaksi: 2 G3P → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glukosa) Keseluruhan Reaksi Fotosintesis Jika digabungkan, reaksi keseluruhan fotosintesis dapat diringkas sebagai berikut: 6CO2+6H2O+cahaya→C6H12O6+6O26 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{cahaya} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_26CO2+6H2O+cahaya→C6H12O6+6O2 Ini berarti enam molekul karbon dioksida dan enam molekul air, menggunakan energi cahaya, menghasilkan satu molekul glukosa dan enam molekul oksigen. Reaksi ini penting untuk kehidupan di Bumi karena menyediakan makanan bagi tumbuhan dan oksigen yang diperlukan oleh hewan dan manusia untuk bernapas.
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The metabolic processes referred to above take place in the palisade cells and spongy mesophyll of the leaf (Figure 9.1). (...) Below the epidermis, the top layers of photosynthetic cells are called palisade cells; they are shaped like pillars that stand in parallel columns one to three layers deep (see Figure 9.1). (...) In the interior, below the palisade layers, is the spongy mesophyll, where the cells are very irregular in shape and are surrounded by large air spaces (see Figure 9.1). (...) Sun and shade leaves have contrasting biochemical and morphological characteristics:
Shade leaves increase light capture by having more total chlorophyll per reaction center, a higher ratio of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a, and usually thinner laminae than sun leaves.
Sun leaves increase CO2 assimilation by having more rubisco and can dissipate excess light energy by having a large pool of xanthophyll-cycle components (see Chapter 7). Morphologically they have thicker leaves and a larger palisade layer than shade leaves (see Figure 9.1).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.
#book quotes#plant physiology and development#nonfiction#textbook#scanning electron micrograph#legume#thermopsis#thermopsis montana#sun#shade#palisade#spongy mesophyll#plant cells#rubisco capacity#regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate#rubp#metabolism of the triose phosphates#biochemistry#photochemistry#photosynthesis#photorespiration#chloroplasts#chlorophyll
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found one of my ch*rubp*ay chats from 2014 in which someone was addressing their... parent? pet? as their lusus in OOC. i wanna go back to simpler times
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guys its not RuBP that serves as the CO2 acceptor in the Calvin cycle. its actually Calvin himself. Yes... calvin is fixing carbon to become a six carbon molecule... yes...
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okay so il start with plants cause thats easier.
stage 1: plant cells contain chlorophyll which is green thats why plant leaves are green this specifically absorbs green light this light is used as energy to exite electrons. these electrons are moved along a transport chain which releases energy some is used to create ATP which can be used when a plant needs it. the rest of the energy is used for photolysis which is the process of splitting water H2O into hydrogen and oxygen H2 and O the plant only needs the hydrogen so it releases the oxygen into the environment. The hydrogen is broken from H2 into 2 singular H each H is then bonded NADP to form NADPH which can transport hydrogen for stage 2.
stage 2: at this point the plant has what it needs from the light this stage is purely about the materials we got from stage 1 and other things the plant absorbs. so CO2 the plant absorbs from the air enters the cycle and is attatched to RuBP by the enzyme RuBisCO to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). the produced 3PG is phosphorolated which means that it has a phosphate added to it ATP this is then combined with the hydrogen from NADPH to form G3P this is used to regenerate RuBP or to make sugars such as glucose which a plant can use as energy
now to the complicated part our eyes. my explanation may feel less structured here becausr i find it easier to bullet point or go step by step here
step 1: lights passes through our cornea a dome at the front of eye which bends light to focus it
step 2: light passes through the pupil of the eye (the amount of light let in is controlled by the iris this is why tge pupil expands and contracts to let more or less light in)
step 3: the light passes through the lens a clear internal structure which focusses the light even more now that its inside the eye
step 4: the light reaches the retina at the back of our eyes the retina is made of light absorbing cells tgere are 2 types rods and cones the short version is that rods are highly sensitive to light and work for bight vision and cones allow perception of colour
step 5: these cells convert the light energy absorbed into electrical signals which travel down the optic nerve to the brain which translates the signal into the image we see
ending disclaimer im not an expert im just a nerd who learned about plants in high school and eyes on the Internet if an actual experts wants to comment on this id love to hear it cause they could explain it better than me
Hello friend!
How would you like some forbidden information?
I am always seeking new knowledge. This information have peaked my interest.
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@ninetytwoline bio in general? consider me: fuckt
#tbh the entirety of the light + dark processes ruined my life#i have nightmares abt nadph+h and rubp#replies#arwa
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Throw back and hello again to some resurfacing ideas-- thinking about rhythm and repetition, tautology and alliteration – bodily movement sensed but not seen. Repetition is evident-- Rhythm in walking, talking, heartbeats. memories circulating-- around and around and around>> repetition, again and again to process (at Chicago Downtown) https://www.instagram.com/p/ClbvD0-rubP/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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Y entre desahuciados, pinchados y jalados se completó la ruta. Compañeros #cliclistas #mtb comparto la rodada del día Sábado 13 de Noviembre, 2021. #BajadaCiclísticaParaLaSed seguiremos haciendo rutas de altura #ElDeporteSalvaVidas Ruta de entrenamiento: UIO - Mitad del Mundo - Calacalí - Nanegalito - Gualea - Pacto, Noviembre 13, 2021, +90k ⛰🚵🔥🇪🇨🌬🌪🏁⛰🚵♂️🔥🇪🇨🌬🏁🌪 Lila&kev Fotografía y cobertura 📸 Club Deportivo Cycling UIO Presente en las mejores rutas de altura 🚵♂️🔥 #MuruKuri Chocolate artesanal 🍫 Y solo en #Ecuador #yquenotelocuenten ¡Mira esta ruta! https://es.wikiloc.com/rutas-mountain-bike/uio-mitad-del-mundo-calacali-nanegalito-gualea-pacto-noviembre-13-2021-90k-88772082 (UIO - Mitad del Mundo - Calacalí - Nanegalito - Gualea - Pacto, Noviembre 13, 2021, +90k) en #wikiloc Echa un vistazo a mi actividad en Strava: https://strava.app.link/IkFQljM89kb #ciclismo #mtb #alemanjo #ecuador #Quito #Pichincha #YsoydelBalcónQuiteño #calacalí #Nanegalito #Gualea #Quito #Pacto #ChocoAndino #SíguemeParaMásBajadas #CyclingUIO (en Pacto, Pichincha, Ecuador) https://www.instagram.com/p/CWRdQg-ruBP/?utm_medium=tumblr
#cliclistas#mtb#bajadaciclísticaparalased#eldeportesalvavidas#murukuri#ecuador#yquenotelocuenten#wikiloc#ciclismo#alemanjo#quito#pichincha#ysoydelbalcónquiteño#calacalí#nanegalito#gualea#pacto#chocoandino#síguemeparamásbajadas#cyclinguio
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The image below shows the carbon reactions. Some parts have been removed. Fill in the empty boxes using the labels on the left. Not all labels will be used. PGAL Carbon dioxide CARBON FOCATION Input of NADPH op boe0OOP) stable intermediates Glucose REGENERATION RuBP Oxygen Rubisco Input of ATP
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· When electrons exit photosystem 2 what is the source from which replacement el
· When electrons exit photosystem 2 what is the source from which replacement el
· When electrons exit photosystem 2 what is the source from which replacement electrons are obtained? · In what photosynthetic reaction dose carbon dioxide combine with RuBP? · In what eukaryotic cell structure dose Krebs cycle and electron transport occur? · What is the cell reaction that begins with glucose and ends with pyruvic acid called? · How many NADH are formed in the Krebs cycle from a…
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