#rubber compound manufacturers

[productsgbrubber]

Essential Everyday Applications of Rubber O-Rings

In industries where precision and reliability are essential, rubber o-ring manufacturers components are critical. From household appliances to sophisticated machinery, these vital parts ensure tight seals, preventing leaks and maintaining optimal performance.

As industry demands evolve, O-ring manufacturers continue to advance their products and technologies. Understanding both basic and advanced applications of rubber O-rings is crucial for making informed decisions when selecting the right products for business needs.

What Are O-Rings?

Rubber O-rings are circular, doughnut-shaped seals that fit into grooves to form a tight seal between two parts. Made from various rubber compounds, these O-rings are precisely crafted to meet the demands of specific applications. They are used in both dynamic and static sealing scenarios: in static applications, they maintain a seal between non-moving components, while in dynamic applications, they prevent leaks in moving parts like hydraulic cylinders.

The flexibility and durability of rubber O-rings make them essential for systems that require airtight or fluid-tight seals. Their primary role is to prevent gas or liquid leaks while blocking external contaminants, making them vital in automotive, plumbing, and industrial machinery applications, where even small leaks can lead to costly failures.

As demand for high-performance seals increases, rubber compound manufacturers are developing materials with superior resistance to extreme temperatures, pressures, and chemicals.

Basic Applications of Rubber O-Rings

Rubber O-rings are utilized in a wide range of everyday applications, ensuring smooth and efficient operations. Here are some key uses:

Household Appliances:

Washing Machines & Dishwashers: O-rings prevent water leakage from pipes and joints, ensuring efficient operation and avoiding water damage.

Plumbing Systems:

Faucets, Pipes, and Valves: O-rings maintain seals between components, preventing leaks and ensuring the integrity of plumbing systems.

Door Locks and Hinges:

O-rings are commonly used in door locks and high-end door hinges to ensure smooth movement and prevent wear.

Automotive Industry:

Engine Systems: O-rings are crucial in engine systems, maintaining proper seals and ensuring smooth engine performance.

Braking Systems: They help manage pressure and maintain critical seals to ensure braking efficiency and safety.

Air Conditioning Units: O-rings prevent leaks, manage pressure, and keep contaminants like dust from entering the system, ensuring the longevity of the air conditioning unit.

Advanced Applications of Rubber O-Rings in Industry

While O-rings are crucial for basic mechanical functions, their importance grows in more advanced industrial applications. Sectors like aerospace, chemical processing, and oil & gas require components that can endure extreme conditions. O-rings are designed to perform reliably under high temperatures, pressures, and exposure to aggressive chemicals.

At GB Rubber, we provide solutions that ensure the integrity of O-rings in harsh environments, meeting the performance and safety needs of industries like aerospace, chemical processing, and oil & gas.

For example, in aerospace, O-rings are used in fuel systems, landing gear, and hydraulic systems, where they must endure drastic temperature changes and high altitudes while maintaining perfect seals. In chemical processing plants, O-rings must withstand corrosive chemicals, requiring materials that resist chemical degradation. Similarly, in oil & gas, O-rings prevent leaks in pipelines and drilling equipment, where failure is not an option.

Custom Rubber O-Rings: Tailoring Solutions for Specialized Needs

While standard O-rings suit many applications, specialized industries often require custom solutions for more complex functions. Custom O-rings are designed to meet precise specifications, especially in fields like medical devices, pharmaceutical equipment, and food processing.

O-ring manufacturers collaborate closely with engineers to create O-rings that meet exacting requirements for pressure, size, and material composition. For instance, in the medical industry, O-rings used in devices like pumps, valves, and respiratory equipment must be made from biocompatible materials that can withstand sterilization without degrading. In food processing, O-rings must resist both high temperatures and the chemicals used in cleaning, with suppliers offering FDA-approved materials safe for food contact.

Custom O-rings enable companies to meet specific needs in these industries, ensuring reliability, safety, and optimal performance, which ultimately improves product quality and operational efficiency.

Final Thoughts

Rubber O-ring components are a cornerstone of sealing technology, offering reliable and cost-effective solutions across a broad range of industries. Their versatility, durability, and sealing efficiency make them indispensable in maintaining equipment functionality and safety. As industry needs evolve, the demand for advanced, customized solutions continues to grow.

By partnering with trusted manufacturers like GB Rubber, companies can secure high-quality O-rings for their operations. Whether standard or custom-made, our durable, reliable, and precise rubber products supplier  serves a wide range of industries. Visit our website to learn more about our offerings or reach out to our experts.

[srkpolymers]

Rubber Compound

SRKP specializes in aerospace rubber seals and components, offering high-precision solutions for demanding aviation and aerospace applications

[finorchem]

Rubber Processing Aids Chemical Manufacturer | Call +91-33-22826195

Find rubber processing aids suppliers in India. We specialise in Rubber chemical manufacturing since 1994. ✔️ Experience unmatched service.

[aaron04jpg]

Indycar crash course

(For this all I’m just going to use 2024 as an example)

I hope this is helpful feel free to ask any questions!!

1. Teams/drivers

* There is no limit on how few or many drivers can race for a single team.

* Most teams have 3 cars but some have as low as 2 and others have as high as 5

* Drivers don’t have numbers, the cars/teams do (ex: David is car #66 but will change to #41 when he changes to Aj Foyt racing)

* Additional Teams/drivers will come in for the Indy 500

2. Circuits

* circuit types – from road and street circuits to short ovals (one mile or less) and long ovals, often referred to as superspeedways.

* From what I have seen most Indycar drivers like/prefer ovals

3. Chassis and engines

* Dallara is the exclusive chassis supplier for INDYCAR. The chassis is made of carbon fibre, Kevlar and other composites, and weighs approximately 770 kg.

* Chevrolet and Honda are the two engine manufactures in the series and supply competitors

4. Tyres

* Like Formula 1, INDYCAR has a sole tyre supplier. But instead of Pirelli rubber, INDYCAR uses Firestone.

* Firestone provides three types of tyres for road and street courses, and one for ovals. On road and street courses, there is the ‘primary’ black tyre. The ‘alternate’ red tyre is a softer compound that allows for higher speeds but wears faster. A grey sidewall tyre is used in wet weather conditions.

* On ovals, only the ‘primary’ black tyre is used and if the rain falls at this type of circuit, Indy cars will not take to the track.

5. Aeroscreen

* In Formula 1, the teams have the halo. In INDYCAR, the aeroscreen is a ballistic, canopy-like windscreen anchored by titanium framework surrounding the cockpit.

6. Race weekend format

* The format of race weekends changes from race to race, however the most common is that Friday consists of two practice sessions – one in the morning and one in the afternoon.

* On Saturday, there is a morning practice session followed by qualifying in the afternoon.

* Sunday is race day and it begins with a warm-up session at road and street courses. However, on oval circuits there is no warm-up session.

7. Pit Stops

* Unlike Formula 1 where 16 team members assist during a pit-stop, just seven members of each INDYCAR team are permitted go ‘over the wall’ to execute a pit-stop.

* Team members include: four tyre changers, a fueler, a person responsible for the air jack (to raise the car to change the tyres) and an aeroscreen assistant to clean or pull a ‘tear-off’ from screen to help the driver’s vision.

* Each crew member is required wear a firesuit and helmet for protection.

* Indy cars refuel at each stop and drivers pit depending on the length of the track. In the 10 seconds it takes to fuel the car, all four tyres are changed.

8. Point scoring

* Points are awarded for all finishing positions in INDYCAR.

* First – 50 points, second – 40, third – 35, fourth – 32, fifth – 30, sixth – 28, and so on, going down to just five points for the lowest finishing position in the field.

* Bonus points are awarded for: pole position – 1 point, leading at least one race lap – 1 point, and most race laps led – 2 points.

* For the Indianapolis 500 and the final race of the season, points are doubled in those races.

TEAMS (as of end 2024 season)

1. AJ Foyt Racing

* 14 Santino Ferrucci

* 41 Sting Ray Robb

2. Andretti Global

* 26 Colton Herta

* 27 Kyle Kirkwood (logan’s friend !!)

* 28 Marcus Ericsson

3. Arrow McLaren

* 5 Pato O’Ward (McLaren reserve driver)

* 7 Alex Rossi

* 6 Nolan Siegel

4. Chip Ganassi Racing

* 8 Linus Lundqvist

* 9 Scott Dixon

* 10 Álex Paluo Montalbo

* 4 Kyffin Simpson

5. Dale Coyne Racing

* 51 Katherine Legge

* 18 Jack Harvey

6. Ed Carpenter Racing

* 20 Christian Rasmussen

* 20 Ed Carpenter (ovals only)

* 21 Rinus Veekay

7. Juncos Hollinger Racing

* 77 Romain Grosjean

* 78 Conor Daly

8. Meyer Shank Racing

* 66 David Malukas

* 60 Felix Rosenqvist

9. Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing

* 15 Graham Rahal

* 45 Christian Lundgaard

* 30 Pietro Fittipaldi

10. Team Penske

* 2 Josef Newgarden

* 3 Scott McLaughlin (twt icon)

[ferraris-gf]

explaining f1: tyres 🛞

first post in this series (will it be a series? we’ll see)

recently i think we’ve had some particularly interesting races in terms of tyre strategy and i readied in suzuka that i don’t totally understand it all, so this has been my little research project on tyres!

pirelli

pirelli are an italian tyre manufacturer who have been supplying f1 tyres since 2011. unlike some eras of f1, pirelli is currently the exclusive supplier in the sport.

in 2022, pirelli introduced a new 18-inch (the previous being 13-inch) tyre as part of sweeping changes to the technical regulations of the sport.

compounds

pirelli’s range is currently comprised of six ‘slick’ compounds (referred to as slick because they lack the grooves of normal road tyres - this is because these grooves exist to dispel water, something necessary for road tyres but that slows down an f1 car when not necessary) tyres, along with ‘intermediates’ and full ‘wets’ to account for weather conditions.

the six slick compounds (from hardest to softest) are referred to as follows: c0, c1, c2, c3, c4 and c5. from this range, pirelli pick three to be used at each grand prix, based on the track characteristics and climate.

the highest of the set is marked red and is known as the soft, the middle marked yellow and know as the medium, with the lowest marked white and known as the hard (intermediates are green and wets are blue).

theoretically, the softs have more grip over short periods of time, making them faster and better for qualifying runs. generally, the hard and medium compounds are more favourable on race day because they last longer.

rules

on most weekends, drivers are given 13 sets of slicks, 4 intermediates and 3 wets, with a set of softs reserved for drivers who reach q3 (the final round of qualifying). all drivers must return 2 sets after each of the 3 practise sessions, meaning only 7 sets are left for qualifying and the race. drivers must also use at least two different slick compounds during the race (provided the weather is dry).

on sprint weekends, the number of dry sets are reduced to 12. after the sprint, drivers must return the set they completed the most laps on.

tyre allocation is on a per-driver basis, teammates cannot share or swap tyres. in bahrain in 2020, mercedes mistakenly put bottas’ tyres on russell’s car when attempting a double stack. the team was fined €20,000 for this.

drivers must run the same compound on all four wheels at all times.

strategy

tyre plan for the weekend is the decision of the team, generally based on information from pirelli, observed degradation over practise, the circuit and the weather forecast.

if rain is expected, teams can draw from their wet weather allocation, and so they don’t need to be as cautious with their dry weather tyres. if it’s hot, teams have to make sure they can cover plenty of tyre changes.

if track layout means overtaking is tough, teams may want a higher number of pitstops to stop drivers getting stuck behind rivals. also, if the track is walled (and so safety cars are more likely) teams may plan for more stops.

terminology

scrubbed: teams often ‘scrub in’ a set of tyres by running them briefly during practise, this means that when they are later used in the race, they warm up much faster than brand new tyres.

blistering: when the inner part of tyre heats more than the outer, creating minor explosions which damage the surface of the tyre.

graining: when the outer surface is hotter than the inside of the tyre, leading to the outside rubber flexing, breaking and sticking to the tyre.

flat spot: a patch where the surface of the tyre looses its curve. this is usually caused by a driving locking up by breaking too late, meaning the tyre scrapes along the ground.

deg or degradation: refers to a steady loss of tyre performance due to general wear.

[kaywavy]

transforming soffits reorganizing keys formalizing immersion joints justifying kick extractors advising aggregates managing elbows recasting connectors achieving aluminum trowels officiating disks exhibiting absolute spigots progressing coil hydrants jerry-building reflectors informing casters inventing rubber hoists performing wrenches judging chalk adapters upgrading ignition paths

regrowing flashing recommending ratchets approving barriers sweeping impact fillers sewing mirrors detailing collectors enforcing measures distributing systems presenting plugs interwinding registers piloting ash diffusers gathering cranks supplying eave pockets undertaking scroll stops accelerating straps designing fittings protecting diamond boilers logging downspouts correlating shingles uniting mallets qualifying electrostatic lifts sharing clamps obtaining circular fluids ranking foundation gauges sensing miter brackets originating space networks translating drills regulating guards selecting gable padding utilizing pellet dowels reconciling artifacts altering pulleys shedding space filters determining vents representing mortar remaking flash rakers supporting funnels typecasting rotary chocks expressing junctures resetting auxiliary vises professing strip treads inlaying matter trowels questioning drivers forming edge fittings sketching blanks overshooting spark breakers rewriting controls playing tunnels inventorying buttons enduring joint handles effecting ratchet bibbs unwinding couplings forsaking vapor conduits defining sockets calculating heaters raising grids administering tiles measuring resources installing ignition remotes extracting corners manufacturing ventilators delegating consoles treating mounting stones enacting jig deflectors intensifying alleys improvising cargo pinpointing bobs prescribing arc masonry structuring metal chucks symbolizing lathes activating plumb kits adapting coatings fixing channels expediting cordage planning compressors enlisting hangers restructuring keyhole augers shearing ridge hardware collecting reciprocating bolts maintaining corrugated dimmers whetting hole collars conducting mandrels comparing assets compiling sealants completing paths composing equivocation wheels computing dampers conceiving electrostatic treatment ordering cotter grates organizing ties orienting ladders exceeding materials targeting thermocouples demonstrating emery stock expanding latch bases training wardrobe adhesives overcomming[sic] fasteners streamlining storm anchors navigating springs perfecting turnbuckles verifying gate pegs arbitrating arithmetic lifts negotiating outlets normalizing strips building surface foggers checking key torches knitting grinders mowing planers offsetting stencils acquiring bulbs adopting rivets observing avenues ascertaining coaxial grommets slinging wing winches instituting circuit generators instructing wicks integrating pry shutters interpreting immersion lumber clarifying coils classifying wood bits closing cogs cataloging matter strips charting holders conceptualizing push terminals stimulating supports overthrowing shaft spacers quick-freezing connectors unbinding ground hooks analyzing eyes anticipating gateways controlling proposition rollers converting power angles coordinating staples correcting benders counseling joist gaskets recording gutter pipes recruiting drains rehabilitating rafter tubes reinforcing washers reporting guard valves naming freize sprues nominating rings noting straps doubling nailers drafting circuit hoses dramatizing flanges splitting framing compounds refitting stems interweaving patch unions placing sillcocks sorting slot threads securing mode cutters diverting catharsis plates procuring load thresholds transferring syllogism twine directing switch nuts referring time spools diagnosing knobs discovering locks dispensing hinges displaying hasps resending arc binders retreading grooves retrofitting aesthetics portals seeking stocks shrinking wormholes assembling blocks assessing divers attaining lug boxes auditing nescience passages conserving strikes constructing braces contracting saw catches serving installation irons recognizing fluxes consolidating fuse calipers mapping shims reviewing chop groovers scheduling lag drives simplifying hoists engineering levels enhancing tack hollows establishing finishing blocks

[lesbianholster]

So there's one big question nagging at me throughout my foray into leftist theory, and it's one of the big things holding me back from actually being an anarchist—medicine. As a chronically ill woman who needs specialized anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant medication to digest food painlessly, have any energy, and keep my colorectal cancer risk down, the only concrete answer I've been able to find is herbalism—which, lol no I'm not treating my Crohn's with tumeric when evidence-based medicine exists.

I'm genuinely curious, so if you're an anarchist, please let me know if you have non-anprim answers to these questions and further reading (or if you're a Marxist, because honestly you guys are voices of reason sometimes), and keep in mind that you are not convincing someone who thinks capitalism holds the answers, but someone who thinks that regulatory bodies and a socialist state hold the answers.

In an anarchist, decentralized, stateless society:

How can I guarantee that the doctor mixing my infusion and the nurse administering it are qualified to do so?

How can I guarantee that the specialized antibodies going into my body are the correct ones at the correct concentration, without contamination by other medications or harmful pathogens?

How can I guarantee that the other medications I receive during treatment (Tylenol, Benadryl, and Solu-Medrol) contain the correct compounds at the correct concentrations, without contamination?

How can I guarantee that the IV pump infusing me at a constant rate is manufactured correctly in a clean environment and is still operational when I'm attached to it?

How can I guarantee that the gloves, gauze, alcohol swabs, etc. used by the nurse are manufactured correctly in a clean and sterile environment?

How can I guarantee that the bag and tubing holding my infusion is manufactured correctly in a clean and sterile environment?

How can I guarantee that the needle and catheter going into my body are manufactured correctly in a clean and sterile environment?

If I do develop a site infection, how can I guarantee that any antibiotics I take are the correct ones at the correct dosage, matched correctly to my specific infection at the right length to fight it without breeding resistance?

How do we source the metals, plastic, fibers, rubber, glass, and organic compounds needed along these steps in an ethical way? If it's impossible for some more complicated aspects such as pump machines, how do we ensure I nevertheless get infused at the right rate that isn't too quickly?

I haven't even brought up blood pressure cuffs or pulse oximeters, nor discussed other areas of treatment such as colonoscopies and the web of steps contained therein (prep medications that work without contamination, sedation medications that work without killing, a larger qualified staff of doctors and nurses before, during, and after the procedure, the scope and biopsy tools being made correctly), but suffice it to say, I have the same questions there.

[ylresin]

Understanding Hydrocarbon Resins: Overview and Applications

What Are Hydrocarbon Resins?

Hydrocarbon resins, commonly referred to as petroleum resins, are synthetic resins derived from unsaturated hydrocarbons. These versatile materials are typically produced from crude oil or natural gas through processes such as thermal or catalytic cracking. They are recognized for their high thermal stability, strong adhesion, and compatibility with various polymers, making them integral to numerous industrial applications.

Types of Hydrocarbon Resins

C5 Resins:

Derived from C5 feedstocks (aliphatic hydrocarbons like pentenes).

Characterized by low molecular weight and tackiness.

Ideal for adhesives and coatings due to their stickiness and flexibility.

C9 Resins:

Made from C9 feedstocks (aromatic hydrocarbons such as indene and styrene).

Known for higher molecular weight, thermal stability, and color stability.

Suitable for rubber compounding and ink formulations.

C5/C9 Copolymer Resins:

A blend of C5 and C9 monomers.

Provides a balanced set of properties, useful in adhesives and sealants.

Hydrogenated Hydrocarbon Resins:

Undergo hydrogenation for enhanced stability, reduced color, and odor.

Suitable for applications requiring high purity, such as hot-melt adhesives and packaging materials.

Applications of Hydrocarbon Resins

Adhesives:

Hot Melt Adhesives: Essential for hot-melt formulations due to tackiness and adhesion, used in packaging, bookbinding, and pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Enhance tack, adhesion, and peel strength for tapes, labels, and hygiene products.

Rubber Compounding:

Serve as tackifiers to improve processing, adhesion, and reinforcement in tires, conveyor belts, and other rubber products.

Provide a balance between tensile strength and elasticity.

Coatings:

Paints and Varnishes: Improve adhesion, gloss, and durability in various paints and varnishes.

Road Markings: Enhance adhesion and weather resistance in traffic paint formulations.

Printing Inks:

Offer excellent adhesion, color stability, and fast drying for flexographic and gravure inks.

Packaging:

Used in films and coatings to improve mechanical properties, adhesion, and sealing.

Tapes and Labels:

Increase tackiness and adhesion in adhesive tapes and labels.

Sealants:

Integral to sealant formulations for construction and automotive uses, providing good adhesion and flexibility.

Advantages of Hydrocarbon Resins

Cost-Effectiveness: Generally more affordable compared to natural resins.

Versatility: Available in various molecular weights and viscosities, allowing for tailored applications.

Chemical Stability: Resistant to chemicals and environmental conditions, suitable for outdoor and industrial uses.

Summary

Hydrocarbon resins are indispensable in many industries, known for their adhesive properties, compatibility with a wide range of materials, and their role in enhancing the performance of adhesives, rubber, coatings, printing inks, and packaging materials. Their cost-effectiveness and adaptability make them a preferred choice for numerous manufacturing processes.

Contact:

Yuen Liang Industrial & Co., Ltd.

Website: www.ylresin.com

Email: tommyluu@ylresin.com

Tel: +886-7-6161787 Ext.224

Mobile/WhatsApp/Zalo: +886-952 715 676

Skype: luuman123

[female-malice]

For two decades, researchers worked to solve a mystery in West Coast streams. Why, when it rained, were large numbers of spawning coho salmon dying? As part of an effort to find out, scientists placed fish in water that contained particles of new and old tires. The salmon died, and the researchers then began testing the hundreds of chemicals that had leached into the water.

A 2020 paper revealed the cause of mortality: a chemical called 6PPD that is added to tires to prevent their cracking and degradation. When 6PPD, which occurs in tire dust, is exposed to ground-level ozone, it’s transformed into multiple other chemicals, including 6PPD-quinone, or 6PPD-q. The compound is acutely toxic to four of 11 tested fish species, including coho salmon.

Mystery solved, but not the problem, for the chemical continues to be used by all major tire manufacturers and is found on roads and in waterways around the world. Though no one has studied the impact of 6PPD-q on human health, it’s also been detected in the urine of children, adults, and pregnant women in South China. The pathways and significance of that contamination are, so far, unknown.

Still, there are now calls for regulatory action. Last month, the legal nonprofit Earthjustice, on behalf of the fishing industry, filed a notice of intent to sue tire manufacturers for violating the Endangered Species Act by using 6PPD. And a coalition of Indian tribes recently called on the EPA to ban use of the chemical. “We have witnessed firsthand the devastation to the salmon species we have always relied upon to nourish our people,” the Puyallup Tribal Council said in a statement. “We have watched as the species have declined to the point of almost certain extinction if nothing is done to protect them.”

The painstaking parsing of 6PPD and 6PPD-q was just the beginning of a global campaign to understand the toxic cocktail of organic chemicals, tiny particles, and heavy metals hiding in tires and, to a lesser extent, brakes. While the acute toxicity of 6PPD-q and its source have strong scientific consensus, tire rubber contains more than 400 chemicals and compounds, many of them carcinogenic, and research is only beginning to show how widespread the problems from tire dust may be.

While the rubber rings beneath your car may seem benign — one advertising campaign used to feature babies cradled in tires — they are, experts say, a significant source of air, soil, and water pollution that may affect humans as well as fish, wildlife, and other organisms. That’s a problem because some 2 billion tires globally are sold each year — enough to reach the moon if stacked on their sides — with the market expected to reach 3.4 billion a year by 2030.

(Researchers weigh a salmon that died after four hours in a tank filled with road runoff.)

Tires are made from about 20 percent natural rubber and 24 percent synthetic rubber, which requires five gallons of petroleum per tire. Hundreds of other ingredients, including steel, fillers, and heavy metals — including copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc — make up the rest, many of them added to enhance performance, improve durability, and reduce the possibility of fires.

Both natural and synthetic rubber break down in the environment, but synthetic fragments last a lot longer. Seventy-eight percent of ocean microplastics are synthetic tire rubber, according to a report by the Pew Charitable Trust. These fragments are ingested by marine animals — particles have been found in gills and stomachs — and can cause a range of effects, from neurotoxicity to growth retardation and behavioral abnormalities.

“We found extremely high levels of microplastics in our stormwater,” said Rebecca Sutton, an environmental scientist with the San Francisco Estuary Institute who studied runoff. “Our estimated annual discharge of microplastics into San Francisco Bay from stormwater was 7 trillion particles, and half of that was suspected tire particles.”

Tire wear particles, or TWP as they are sometimes known, are emitted continually as vehicles travel. They range in size from visible pieces of rubber or plastic to microparticles, and they comprise one of the products’ most significant environmental impacts, according to the British firm Emissions Analytics, which has spent three years studying tire emissions. The company found that a car’s four tires collectively emit 1 trillion ultrafine particles — of less than 100 nanometers — per kilometer driven. These particles, a growing number of experts say, pose a unique health risk: They are so small they can pass through lung tissue into the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier or be breathed in and travel directly to the brain, causing a range of problems.

According to a recent report issued by researchers at Imperial College London, “There is emerging evidence that tyre wear particles and other particulate matter may contribute to a range of negative health impacts including heart, lung, developmental, reproductive, and cancer outcomes.”

The report says that tires generate 6 million tons of particles a year, globally, of which 200,000 tons end up in oceans. According to Emissions Analytics, cars in the U.S. emit, on average, 5 pounds of tire particles a year, while cars in Europe, where fewer miles are driven, shed 2.5 pounds per year. Moreover, tire emissions from electric vehicles are 20 percent higher than those from fossil-fuel vehicles. EVs weigh more and have greater torque, which wears out tires faster.

Unlike tailpipe exhaust, which has long been studied and regulated, emissions from tires and brakes — which emit significant amounts of metallic particles in addition to organic chemicals — are far harder to measure and control and have therefore escaped regulation. It’s only in the last several years, with the development of new technologies capable of measuring tire emissions and the alarming discovery of 6PPD-q, that the subject is receiving much needed scrutiny.

Recent studies show that the mass of PM 2.5 and PM 10 emissions — which are, along with ozone and ultrafine particles, the world’s primary air pollutants — from tires and brakes far exceeds the mass of emissions from tailpipes, at least in places that have significantly reduced those emissions.

The problem isn’t just rubber in its synthetic and natural form. Government and academic researchers are investigating the transformations produced by tires’ many other ingredients, which could — like 6PPD — form substances more toxic than their parent chemicals as they break down with exposure to sunlight and rain.

“You’ve got a chemical cocktail in these tires that no one really understands and is kept highly confidential by the tire manufacturers,” said Nick Molden, the CEO of Emissions Analytics. “We struggle to think of another consumer product that is so prevalent in the world, and used by virtually everyone, where there is so little known of what is in them.”

“We have known that tires contribute significantly to environmental pollution, but only recently have we begun to uncover the extent of that,” said Cassandra Johannessen, a researcher at Montreal’s Concordia University who is quantifying levels of tire chemicals in urban watersheds and studying how they transform in the environment. The discovery of 6PPD-q has surprised a lot of researchers, she said, because they have learned that “it’s one of the most toxic substances known, and it seems to be everywhere in the world.”

Regulators are playing catch up. In Europe, a standard to be implemented in 2025, known as Euro 7, will regulate not only tailpipe emissions but also emissions from tires and brakes. The California Environmental Protection Agency has passed a rule requiring tire makers to declare an alternative to 6PPD-q by 2024.

(A worker takes apart a tire at a recycling shop in Mit al-Harun, Egypt.)

Tire companies are conducting their own studies of 6PPD, which they have long considered critical for tire safety, and seeking alternatives. In response to new regulations and the emerging research on tire emissions, 10 of the world’s large tire manufacturers have formed the Tire Industry Project to “develop a holistic approach to better understand and promote action on the mitigation” of tire pollution, according to a statement by the project. The group has committed to search for ways to redesign tires to reduce or eliminate emissions.

One critical area of research is how long tire waste, and its breakdown products, persist in the environment. “A five-micron piece of rubber shears off the tire and settles on the soil and sits there a while,” said Molden. “What, over time, is the release of those chemicals, how quickly do they make their way into the water, and are they diluted? At the system level, how big of a problem is this? It is the single biggest knowledge gap.”

Another area of research centers on the impacts of aromatic hydrocarbons — including benzene and naphthalene — off-gassed by synthetic rubber or emitted when discarded tires are burned in incinerators for energy recovery. Even at low concentrations, these compounds are toxic to humans. They also react with sunlight to form ozone, or ground-level smog, which causes respiratory harm. “We have shown that the amount of off-gassing volatile organic compounds is 100 times greater than that coming out of a modern tailpipe,” said Molden. “This is from the tire just sitting there.”

When tires reach their end of life, they’re either sent to landfills, incinerated, burned in an energy-intensive process called pyrolysis, or shredded and repurposed for use in artificial turf or in playgrounds or for other surfaces. But as concern about tire pollutants grows, so do concerns about these recycled products and the hydrocarbons they may off-gas. There is ongoing debate over whether crumb rubber, made from tire scraps, poses a health threat when used to fill gaps in artificial turf. Based on several peer-reviewed studies, the European Union is instituting stricter limits on the use of this material. Other studies, however, have shown no health impact.

Besides California’s requirement to study alternatives to 6PPD, there are a number of efforts worldwide to redesign tires to counter the problems they pose. More than a decade ago, tire makers hoped that dandelions, which produce a form of rubber, and soy oil could provide a steady and sustainable supply of rubber. But tires made from those alternatives didn’t live up to expectations: they still required additives. The Continental Tire Company, based in Hanover, Germany, markets a bicycle tire made of dandelion roots. Tested by Emission Analytics, it emitted 25 percent fewer carcinogenic aromatics than conventionally made bike tires, but the plant-powered tire still contained ingredients of concern.

(Rubber made from dandelions.)

Other companies are searching for ways to address the problem of tire emissions. The Tyre Collective, a clean-tech startup based in the U.K., has developed an electrostatic plate that affixes to each of a car’s tires: The plates remove up to 60 percent of particles emitted by both tires and brakes, storing them in a cartridge attached to the device. The particles can be reused in numerous other applications, including in new tires.

In San Francisco, scientists studying the pollutants in storm runoff found a potential solution: Rain gardens, installed in yards to capture stormwater, were also trapping 96 percent of street litter and 100 percent of black rubbery fragments. In Vancouver, B.C. researchers found that rain gardens could prevent more than 90 percent of 6PPD-q from running off roads and entering salmon-bearing streams.

Tire waste particles, says Molden, of Emissions Analytics, are finally getting the attention they deserve, thanks in part to California’s rule requiring a search for alternatives to 6PPD. The legislation “is groundbreaking,” he says, “because it puts the chemical composition [of tires] on the regulatory agenda.” For the first time, he adds, “Tire manufacturers are being exposed to the same regulatory scrutiny that car manufacturers have been for 50 years.”

[productsgbrubber]

Revolutionizing Industries: GB Rubber Products as a Leading Rubber Compound Manufacturer

In the realm of industrial manufacturing, the significance of high-quality rubber compounds cannot be overstated. These compounds serve as the backbone of numerous industries, from automotive to construction, providing essential properties such as durability, flexibility, and resilience. Among the top players in this domain stands GB Rubber Products, a renowned manufacturer dedicated to producing superior rubber compounds tailored to meet the diverse needs of its clients.

Established with a vision to redefine industry standards, GB Rubber Products has emerged as a trusted name in the manufacturing landscape. Specializing in the production of custom rubber compounds, the company prides itself on its commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. With state-of-the-art facilities and a team of experienced professionals, GB Rubber Products consistently delivers premium-grade rubber compounds that exceed expectations.

One of the key factors that sets GB Rubber Products apart from its competitors is its relentless focus on research and development. The company invests heavily in exploring new materials, refining manufacturing processes, and developing innovative formulations to stay ahead of the curve. This dedication to innovation allows GB Rubber Products to offer cutting-edge solutions that address the evolving needs of various industries, from automotive and aerospace to electronics and medical devices.

Moreover, GB Rubber Products places a strong emphasis on quality control throughout the manufacturing process. From raw material sourcing to final product inspection, stringent quality checks are implemented to ensure that each rubber compound meets the highest standards of excellence. By adhering to rigorous quality assurance protocols, GB Rubber Products instills confidence in its clients, assuring them of the reliability and performance of its products.

Another distinguishing feature of GB Rubber Products is its commitment to sustainability. Recognizing the importance of environmental stewardship, the company strives to minimize its ecological footprint through responsible manufacturing practices. This includes optimizing energy efficiency, reducing waste generation, and exploring eco-friendly alternatives wherever possible. By prioritizing sustainability, GB Rubber Products not only minimizes its impact on the environment but also contributes to building a more sustainable future for generations to come.

In addition to its core manufacturing operations, GB Rubber Products places great emphasis on customer collaboration and support. The company works closely with clients to understand their specific requirements and tailor solutions that best suit their needs. Whether it's developing custom formulations, providing technical assistance, or offering responsive customer service, GB Rubber Products is committed to building strong and enduring partnerships with its clients.

Furthermore, GB Rubber Products remains dedicated to continuous improvement and growth. The company regularly evaluates its processes, solicits feedback from customers, and seeks opportunities for expansion into new markets and applications. By embracing a culture of innovation and adaptability, GB Rubber Products ensures its relevance and competitiveness in an ever-changing industry landscape.

In conclusion, GB Rubber Products stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of rubber compound manufacturing. With its unwavering commitment to quality, innovation, and sustainability, the company continues to set new benchmarks for industry standards. As industries worldwide rely on high-quality rubber compounds for their operations, GB Rubber Products remains poised to meet their needs with precision, reliability, and expertise.

[f1]

Drivers notch up over 600 laps in Pirellis 2024 tyre test as Mick Schumacher makes Mercedes debut

Ferrari and Mercedes’ drivers have notched up over 600 laps between them over the course of two days of lapping the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya – host of last weekend’s Spanish Grand Prix – as Pirelli tested a selection of proposed tyre compounds for the 2024 season. Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc and Carlos Sainz, and Mercedes’ George Russell and Mick Schumacher – the team’s reserve, who was making his on-track debut for the Silver Arrows in the newly-upgraded W14 – clocked up 617 laps between them across Tuesday and Wednesday: 167 for Leclerc, 152 for Schumacher, 151 for Russell and 147 for Sainz. WATCH: Schumacher returns to F1 action with first run in Mercedes’ W14 “These were two very important days of testing,” said Pirelli’s Head of Motorsport Mario Isola, “as we gathered plenty of useful information to come up with the best possible choices for next year. “In terms of construction, there are still just a few details to fine-tune, while during this test we began to identify a solid development base for the compounds; especially for the middle of what will be the 2024 range.” Ferrari and Mercedes were on hand to test the new rubber Meanwhile, Pirelli confirmed that running took place without the use of tyre blankets – with the manufacturer having been set to trial a blanket-less wet weather compound at the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix before it was called off last month. “All the running took place without using tyre blankets. We verified a few interesting things on track,” added Isola. “Now we move on to a complete analysis of all the data so that we head into the next test, at Silverstone after the British Grand Prix, as well prepared as we can be. “After that we will draw some conclusions from all the work done over the last few months and present the FIA, F1 and the teams with the complete picture, so that the best decisions can be taken using all the information available.” READ MORE: Pirelli 'happy' with their tyre development in 2023 as they talk plans for their future in Formula 1 Meanwhile Schumacher – son of seven-time champion Michael – who lost his drive at Haas to fellow German Nico Hulkenberg at the end of 2022, said it had been “good to get back in the driving seat” – with the 24-year-old having been praised after the Spanish Grand Prix weekend by Mercedes race drivers Russell and Lewis Hamilton for his simulator work developing the W14. “It was great! I learned a lot and it was a lot of fun,” said Schumacher, who drove alongside Sainz on Wednesday. “It was a very productive day; we got through everything we wanted to and ran every test tyre on the plan. It was also good to have that first experience of the tyres without any blankets. Obviously having not driven in a while, I felt it physically, but it was good to be back in the driving seat. George Russell discusses the new compounds with the Pirelli engineers “There is obviously a difference between the simulator and driving in the real world,” he added. “There will always be a difference as the technology is not at a point where you can compare it 100%. However, it is the closest experience I've had between a simulator and real life. The simulator has prepared me, and the team has made a great effort of correlating it. That helped me to know what to expect when driving it. READ MORE: Hamilton and Russell pay tribute to Schumacher for simulator work that contributed to double podium in Spain “I'm very excited for the rest of the year. I've had a great time today and hopefully I'll be back in a car at some point. I loved every bit of it! I want to say a big thank you to everybody for this opportunity.” Pirelli, meanwhile, will introduce a new specification of slick tyre for July’s British Grand Prix at Silverstone, with teams having tested the new construction in free practice for the Spanish Grand Prix last week. The next tyre test will take place at Silverstone after the British Grand Prix via Formula 1 News https://www.formula1.com

[whipplefilter]

How excited was I to find out that I could effortlessly fit four wheels and four tires in the back of my car? So excited.

I bought new wheels to replace my 17-year old ones, which were corroded from their lifetime in the Rustbelt and one of which was bent (RIP). The tires—Yokohama Avid Ascends—replaced a set of Bridgestone Turanza Serenity tires, purchased in 2016, about 63,000 miles ago.

The Turanzas served me extremely well in all conditions but ice/snow, which they were garbage at—I have a separate set of winter tires. I went with the Yokohamas this time around because they were better reviewed on TireRack in all possible ways and cheaper than the Bridgestone equivalent being manufactured today.

Anyway, I figured this was a good time to write up some notes!

The Care & Feeding of Tires: A Beginner’s Guide

After all, this all started with a blown left rear:

Even if you’re not driving your street car at race speeds, your tires are the only part that actually touches the road—that one contact patch on each of your four corners.

The service writer at your shop is going to go by the numbers; the technician will say something if it’s real bad, maybe. But you don’t want to wait until you have a blowout and end up stranded, or until you’re hydroplaning on the freeway.

1. How do you measure tire health?

Every tire comes with two measure of its age: treadwear and time.

Treadwear: The more you drive, the more the tire wears down. How quickly this happens depends mostly on your tire compound (and technically the type of driving you do, though I doubt for most people this is statistically significant).

At least in the United States, your tread is measured in 32nds of an inch. How many 32nds you start with depends on the tire. Since most people don’t own a tread depth gauge, treadwear is also conveyed in terms of mileage, and the average number of miles driven it takes to wear the tread a certain amount.

Time: If you don’t drive your car that much, it doesn’t mean your tires will last longer, though! Because the rubber is blowing out those birthday candles no matter what. You can keep the rubber cool and dry if you want, but age waits for no tire. Generally, tire rubber will last around 6 years before it should be replaced, regardless of mileage. Like measuring treadwear in mileage, six years is an estimate based on rubber degradation.

You can also gauge tire age by looking for signs of dryrot. This will look like cracks in the rubber—on the sidewall or the tread. They can look shallow and unimportant, but these cracks on the surface are an indication that there’s likely similar rot happening where you can’t see it.

Here’s an example of mild dryrot on my old tires, which are 7 years old. You can find MUCH more extreme examples on Google Images, if you’re so inclined:

🚨 IMPORTANT 🚨 The age of your tire is based on its date of manufacture, NOT the date you put it on your car! If you want to check this, this date is printed on your tire. Each tire is printed with a DOT code—the last two digits designate the year it was made. (There’s other info in that code, but that’s the most important part.)

You know how your car’s care manual has intervals that expressed in both miles and time? You’re not supposed to choose which to follow—you’re supposed to do with whichever comes first. The two ways tires age is a great example of why!

2. How do you keep tires happy?

Do your preventative maintenance.

Cars are extremely expensive to own, and that sucks—especially when you live in the United States, where in a lot of places you have to own a car if you want to make a living. You have to pay to get paid. :\

But cars are also something where preventative maintenance is a lot cheaper than a repair—or worse, a wreck. Tires are designed to endure a lot, and perform through all kinds of conditions. But you can thank them for their hard work by being attentive to their needs!

Check your tire pressure regularly (let’s say seasonally)! Particularly if the ambient temperatures where you live are changing. Tires are wily, and can be absurdly low on air before they start looking flat. Seriously—they can be at 15psi when they’re supposed to be at 30psi and still look pretty round. Keeping your tires inflated to spec will prolong your tread life (and save your gas mileage).

Rotate your tires on schedule! Your car’s schedule is in the owner’s manual. This help your tires wear evenly, which will prolong their life AND the lifespan of your drivetrain, which is substantially more expensive  to repair than a tire rotation is. (A rotation is free if you do it yourself; some tire suppliers like Costco give you free tire rotations for the life of the tire, too.) Keeping your tires wearing evenly is particularly important if you have an AWD car, which is increasingly common in this frenzied age of crossovers and SUVs.

Keep your suspension in alignment! If your car’s not driving straight on the road, it’s not wearing your tires evenly, either. Your alignment can be thrown off if you hit a pothole or a curb. Sometimes it just wanders off, due to wear on suspension components. Letting your suspension do what it will is only going to increase the wear on other components and make the repair bill bigger int the long run.

Aside from not knowing what a car needs, I think there are two main reasons people end up in bad spots with their tires: 1) It’s not a priority (fair, but if you pay attention to one thing outside of your oil changes, let it be the tires! this is part of the job of owning a car), and 2) They don’t have the money. Nothing this Pixar Cars blog can say can solve late capitalism and the wage gap, but if you can conceptualize tire care and feeding as a regular, predictable, budgetable expense, and not an emergency one, the financial hit of buying new tires can be given some cushion.

Stay safe and stay rolling!

[finorchem]

Raw natural or synthetic rubber is not suitable for industry usage and application. It has to undergo a few steps in order to become industry-suitable. Here, we have highlighted the steps.

[sneeakers-dubai-uae]

The Impact of Sneakers on Sports Performance: From Basketball to Running

Sneakers, often referred to as athletic shoes or trainers, play a pivotal role in enhancing sports performance across various disciplines. Whether it's basketball, running, soccer, or any other sport, the right pair of sneakers can make a significant difference in an athlete's performance. In this blog, we will delve into the science behind the impact of sneakers on sports performance, with a particular focus on basketball and running. We will explore the key features that make sneakers performance-enhancing, the importance of proper fit and design, and how advancements in technology are shaping the future of sports footwear.

Section 1: The Science of Sports Footwear

To understand how sneakers influence sports performance, we must first look at the science behind their design. Modern sports footwear is meticulously engineered to optimize athletic ability. Key factors include cushioning, stability, flexibility, and traction. Each of these elements is tailored to the specific demands of the sport, ensuring athletes can perform at their best.

1.1 Cushioning and Impact Absorption In high-impact sports like basketball, sneakers with adequate cushioning are crucial for absorbing the shock and reducing the strain on the joints. Proper cushioning helps prevent injuries like ankle sprains and stress fractures, enabling players to move with confidence and agility on the court.

1.2 Stability and Support For sports that involve rapid changes in direction and lateral movements, such as basketball, sneakers with excellent stability and support are essential. They help maintain balance, reduce the risk of rolling or twisting ankles, and improve overall performance by providing a solid base to push off from.

Section 2: The Impact of Sneakers on Basketball Performance

2.1 Ankle Support and Injury Prevention Basketball players often face the risk of ankle injuries due to sudden stops, starts, and jumps. High-top sneakers with good ankle support have been a traditional choice, offering stability and protection to players. However, low-top models with advanced materials are gaining popularity as they provide adequate support without compromising on mobility.

2.2 Traction for Quick Moves Traction is a critical aspect of basketball sneakers, as it affects an athlete's ability to make quick cuts and change directions. Outsoles with multi-directional patterns and specialized rubber compounds ensure optimal grip on the court, enhancing agility and responsiveness.

Section 3: The Impact of Sneakers on Running Performance

3.1 Cushioning and Energy Return In running, sneakers must strike a balance between providing enough cushioning to protect against impact-related injuries while returning energy to propel the runner forward. Midsole technologies like air cushions, foam compounds, and carbon plates contribute to increased energy return, making sneakers more responsive and efficient.

3.2 Breathability and Weight Lightweight and breathable sneakers are favored by runners as they reduce fatigue and discomfort during long-distance races. Advanced mesh materials and seamless construction improve ventilation, preventing overheating and moisture accumulation.

Section 4: The Future of Sports Footwear

4.1 Data-Driven Design Advancements in technology have enabled sports shoe manufacturers to incorporate data-driven insights into their designs. Motion-capture systems and pressure sensors help analyze athletes' movements and pressure points, leading to personalized footwear that maximizes performance and minimizes injury risk.

4.2 Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing As environmental awareness grows, the sports footwear industry is embracing sustainable materials and manufacturing processes. Recycled plastics, bio-based materials, and eco-friendly production methods are becoming increasingly prevalent, aligning with athletes' desire for responsible and ethical choices.

The impact of sneakers on sports performance cannot be overstated. From providing essential support and cushioning to optimizing traction and energy return, the right pair of sneakers can significantly enhance an athlete's abilities. Whether on the basketball court or the running track, athletes can maximize their potential by choosing performance-oriented footwear. As technology continues to evolve and sustainability takes center stage, the future of sports footwear promises even more exciting innovations for athletes worldwide. So, the next time you lace up your sneakers, remember that your performance is not only a reflection of your training but also a testament to the power of cutting-edge sports footwear.

[onwemarch]

Winter Car Tires: A Comprehensive Guide

Image source: https://unsplash.com/@tiagolouvize

Winter driving can be a challenging experience, especially if you live in a region that experiences heavy snow and icy conditions. While most cars come equipped with all-season tires, they may not provide the level of traction needed to navigate through winter weather conditions. That's where winter car tires come in. In this comprehensive guide, we'll take a look at why winter car tires are important, what to look for when buying them, the types available, how to install and maintain them, and the benefits they offer.

Why winter car tires are important?

Winter car tires are designed to provide better traction and grip on snow and ice-covered roads, which is crucial for safe driving. All-season tires, while suitable for most conditions, may not be able to handle the extreme conditions that come with winter. Winter car tires can help prevent skidding, sliding, and loss of control, reducing the risk of accidents.

What are winter car tires?

Winter car tires are designed specifically for use in winter conditions, offering superior grip on snow and ice-covered roads. They are made with a softer rubber compound that remains pliable in colder temperatures, allowing for better traction. They also have a tread design that features larger and deeper grooves, providing better traction and grip. Winter car tires are available in a variety of sizes and types, depending on your driving needs.

What to look for when buying winter car tires?

a. Tread design and depth - Look for tires with a tread design that offers better traction in winter conditions. Winter tires have deeper and wider grooves than all-season tires, allowing for better grip on snow and ice.

b. Rubber compounds - Winter tires are made with a softer rubber compound that stays pliable in cold temperatures, providing better traction. Look for tires with a higher silica content, which helps improve flexibility and traction.

c. Size and speed rating - Make sure to choose the correct size and speed rating for your car. Check your car's manual or consult a tire specialist for advice.

Types of winter car tires

a. Studded tires - Studded tires have metal studs embedded in the tread, providing excellent traction on ice. They are particularly useful in areas with heavy snow and ice.

b. Studless tires - Studless winter tires have a tread design that provides better traction on snow and ice, without the use of metal studs. They are suitable for areas with moderate snow and ice.

c. Performance winter tires - Performance winter tires are designed for high-performance vehicles, providing better handling and traction in cold weather conditions.

Installing winter car tires

a. When to install winter car tires - Winter tires should be installed when the temperature drops below 7°C (45°F). This is the temperature at which all-season tires start to lose their grip and become less effective in winter conditions.

b. How to install winter car tires - It's important to have winter tires installed by a professional. They will ensure that the tires are properly aligned, balanced, and inflated to the correct pressure. This helps to maximize the performance of the tires and ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience.

Maintaining winter car tires

a. Inflation pressure - It's important to check the inflation pressure of your winter tires regularly, as cold temperatures can cause tire pressure to drop. Make sure to maintain the recommended pressure as specified by the manufacturer.

b. Regular inspections - Regularly inspect your tires for signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, punctures, and bulges. This will help you identify any potential issues before they become more serious.

c. Rotating tires - Rotate your tires regularly to ensure even wear and tear. This will help to extend the lifespan of your tires and ensure optimal performance.

Benefits of winter car tires

a. Improved traction - Winter tires provide better traction and grip on snow and ice-covered roads, reducing the risk of skidding, sliding, and loss of control.

b. Increased safety - Winter tires can help prevent accidents and keep you and your passengers safe on the road.

c. Longer lifespan of tires - By using winter tires in the winter months, you can extend the lifespan of your all-season tires, reducing the need for frequent tire replacements.

Conclusion

Winter car tires are a must-have for safe and comfortable winter driving. By choosing the right tires, maintaining them properly, and using them in the correct conditions, you can enjoy the benefits of improved traction, increased safety, and longer-lasting tires.

Source: Best All-Season Tires