#provincial convention

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"Ontario Magistrates Gather at Sarnia," Toronto Globe. August 17, 1933. Page 3. ---- (Canadian Press Despatch.) Sarnia, Aug. 16. - An executive meeting here tonight started off the eleventh annual convention of the Ontario Magistrates' Association. The main session will be held tomorrow and Friday. With approximately 100 Ontario Magistrates and many of their wives, in attendance, one of the most outstanding conventions the association has ever held was expected. Magistrate S. Alfred Jones of Brantford, President of the association, will conduct the convention.

[allthecanadianpolitics]

[...] “God knows I see this in the national assembly every day, the construction of this other, this other who is North African, who is Muslim, who is Black, who is Indigenous, and whose culture, by definition, would be dangerous or inferior,” Bouazzi told the audience earlier this month.

He was called to order by the party’s two co-spokespeople, Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois and Ruba Ghazal, who claimed that his statements were “clumsy, exaggerated and polarizing.” But Bouazzi didn’t back down, and during a radio interview on Radio-Canada Friday, he accused ministers Christian Dubé and Lionel Carmant of blaming immigrants for putting strain on health care and social services. [...]

The Coalition Avenir Québec has drafted a motion demanding that Mr. Bouazzi withdraw his remarks and apologize to all members of the legislature “who were targeted by his accusations of racism.” The opposition Liberals and Parti Québécois have also drafted motions calling on the legislature to affirm that its members are not racist. [...]

Party members gathered at a convention on Sunday appeared to be divided on the issue. Eleven Québec solidaire constituency associations publicly supported Bouazzi and called on the party to adopt a resolution denouncing what they described as a smear campaign against him. [...]

Continue Reading.

Tagging: @newsfromstolenland, @vague-humanoid, @palipunk

Note from the poster @el-shab-hussein: if you didn't quite catch that, a Québec legislature ministre of Arab and North African origin got coerced by every party - including his own - into rescinding his comments about the racism he experiences and sees everyday from the Québec legislative assembly and its legislation. Québec is a gutter of racism and it will continue to fester with no end in sight as the fascism mounts and everyone refuses to acknowledge who the principle targets are.

[kimabutch]

Things are getting increasingly shitty in Canada for trans people and, not gonna lie, it's really stressful! Within the last month:

The Conservative Party of Canada, which is the official opposition party (AKA the party with the second most votes) and has a solid chance of forming the government in the next election, held a convention where they voted overwhelmingly in favour of creating policies to stop gender-affirming medical care for minors (link)

They also officially voted to define "woman" as "female person" and try to stop trans women from being in women's prisons, shelters, locker rooms, and washrooms

Multiple provincial governments are either enacting policies that would require parents' approval in order for trans kids to change their names or pronouns at school, or have officially said that they support forcibly outing kids (link)

A nonbinary teacher in Quebec received threats of violence for using pronoun "Mx" and other Quebec provincial parties complained about "wokeism" and said they wouldn't use the title (link)

And this doesn't include the homophobic & transphobic protests outside pride events throughout the summer or the "Save Our Children" convoy that's being planned for later this month (link), or the tons of shitty things that have happened all through this year, like tons of Ontario trans people (including me!) losing healthcare.

I'm trying to stay as optimistic as possible, knowing just how many trans people and allies there are, but sometimes! It's hard!

Anyways, if you're Canadian, please consider:

Getting involved in local, municipal politics, especially on school boards, to speak out about the need for gender-affirming policies, especially for youth

Showing up (with an organized, prepared group) to counter-protest anti-trans protesters

Keeping track of any anti- or pro-trans bills going around and contacting your MPs & MPPs to let them know what you think of them

Supporting 2SLGBTQ+ charities

Literally never ever voting conservative

And even if you're not Canadian, if you have friends who are Canadian & trans, maybe check in on them? Most Canadian trans people are pretty freaked out right now I think.

[bartyevanficfest]

ROSEKILLER FIC & ART FEST 2024

Thorn Pierces Blood From Stem

BY @artemisiamezzanotte

beta: @sunattacksthemoon

Summary:

Northern Italy, Summer 1987.

Evan Rosier, a twenty–something art historian and restorer is employed by a convent in the small town of Civitella to uncover a mediaeval Last Judgement painting. Rosier, fed up with urban life in Florence and haunted by the memory of his friend Regulus, finds the idyllic slow-pace of provincial life cathartic.

He forms a close friendship with local youth Ferruccio and finds himself attracted to another expat, mysterious Scottish artist Barty Crouch Jr.

As Evan uncovers the painting over the course of the summer, he becomes entangled with a local cult led by the charming and enigmatic Tommaso.

READ ON AO3

[sansimeonsims]

The old parish house, former residence of the clergy in charge of the city and now a guest house for esteemed guests of the church authorities. The old building was rebuilt in the 1800s into a magnificent structure with clear Moorish influences popular around the time. Surprisingly, this wasn't enough to have the people in charge move back in. The collection of art within it and the church does make it an attractive place to visit. This is clearly not a backstory meant to explain why the people in charge just don't live right next to the church as they would in real life due to a limitation in the way The Sims games handle community lots.

The parish house is a significant improvement I made on the older version and is inspired by two real world buildings in Manila's old city, Intramuros: The Augustinian Provincial House (today the ECJ building, which I did try to build once) and the Jesuit Convent (today the Museo de Intramuros). Both structures were destroyed during the closing days of World War II but were rebuilt with their facades mostly reminiscent of the original buildings several decades later. I took pictures!

Bonus view of the city. I decided to swap out the buildings at Fort. St. Simeon with the one that originally came with Isla Paradiso... at least for now.

[portrait-paintings]

Self-Portrait

Artist: Frederick Randolph Spencer (American, 1806-1875)

Date: 1849

Medium: Oil on canvas

Collection: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Biography

The portraitist Frederick Randolph Spencer was born June 7, 1806 in Lennox, New York, one of four children of the lawyer and first postmaster of Canastota, General Ichabod Smith Spencer (1780-1857), and Mary Pierson Spencer (1785-1865). He evinced an early interest for art, and at the age of fifteen saw an exhibition of portraits by Ezra Ames at Albany. In 1822 he saw in Utica some biblical scenes by William Dunlap, from whom he received some informal instruction. In 1825 Spencer went to New York City and drew from the casts at the American Academy of the Fine Arts, where he studied under John Trumbull. By 1827 he had returned to his family's home in Canastota and commenced painting portraits.

After periods of professional activity in Albany and Utica, he returned to New York City in 1831 and became a successful portraitist who painted many of New York's prominent citizens. In 1834 Dunlap reported that Spencer "has been in constant employment to the present time, and with increasing reputation." He became an academician of the American Academy in 1832, and served on its board directors from 1833 to 1835. He became an associate member of the National Academy of Design in 1837, a full academician in 1846, and corresponding secretary of the organization from 1849 to 1850, when he refused reelection in order to dedicate himself to painting. In 1858 the artist retired to upstate New York; he evidently experienced some marital difficulties at that time because his wife, without apparent justification, accused him of insanity and remained in New York City. Spencer died at Wampsville on April 3, 1875.

Spencer painted in an extremely smooth, linear style characterized by a high degree of finish; his later works appear almost photographic. A provincial portraitist who specialized in conventional and literal likenesses, Spencer also painted genre and literary subjects

[welcometothejianghu]

Welcome to another round of W2 Tells You What You Should See, where W2 (me) tries to sell you (you) on something you should be watching. Today's choice: 君子盟/A League of Nobleman

A League of Nobleman is the unfortunately translated English title of a 2023 historical drama about an idealistic country boy/genius detective/noodle seller, and a wealthy minister on a mission to exonerate his late father from charges of treason, even if he himself has to commit some treason in the process.

I watched this one not too long after it came out, and I was expecting there would be a lot of buzz as soon as fandom got hold of it. There wasn't, but I can understand why. The show is a lovely, ethereal drama that has some genuinely moving moments, stunning visuals, and charming character interactions.

It is, however, kiiiiiiiind of a hot mess.

What follows is an incredibly qualified rec. Unlike most of the previous shows I've recommended, this show is not something you could just throw at your Average American Television Enjoyer. Censorship got its claws into this one, and what's left is ... okay, imagine fliming all of Hannibal just like you want it, and then right before it airs, NBC comes in and says, okay, now we're just going to take out all the parts that are gay and violent and gory! You know what you'd have left? You'd have a League of Nobleman, is what.

(If you want a little more explanation of what's awkward about it, here's a take based on the first ten episodes. Note that not everything that bothers AvenueX bothers me, but they're fair critiques.)

Therefore, I'd have a tough time recommending this to someone who hasn't already built up a tolerance for the experience of seeing a scene end nearly mid-sentence, or hearing described something that happened just offscreen (while seeing no one's lips move). You need to be prepared to look through the jank to see the show we could have had beneath the show that actually arrived.

Even so, I have five reasons I think you should at least give it a shot!

1. That precious baby boy

Look at him. Look at his precious face. Don't you just want to stuff him down the front of your shirt and take him home with you?

That is Zhang Ping. He is the hero and he is a good boy.

He is a darling dumpling who grows up reading novels about how members of the judiciary nobly solve crimes and punish the unjust, so he decides that he wants to move to the big city and become a member of the judiciary to nobly solve crimes and punish the unjust! ...Until he gets there and realizes, no, baby, that was fiction. But gosh darn it, he's going to try anyway.

I have seen people say they read Zhang Ping as autistic. While I'm not sure that's specifically what the show itself was going for, that's kind of the effect -- which, I think, is why I've also seen a lot of people say they don't like Song Weilong's performance. I don't think he's wooden or unemotional; I think he just made a choice to play the character as not always real good about understanding why the people around him are having the emotions they're having. Similarly, I think what makes him read as anachronistic is mostly how he doesn't engage well with the rules of social convention that are such important parts of this historical setting.

Like, you see that picture above, with him and Lan Jue whispering at one another? Zhang Ping is doing this because he is absolutely convinced that this is appropriate subterfuge behavior. Lan Jue is matching him because he thinks Zhang Ping is adorable.

Just the goodest boy. A baby. Please care him.

2. the aesthetic

The show is beautiful. It looks and sounds amazing. For some reason I can't find a clip of just the opening credits, but here's a (strangely bloody) trailer that gives a sense of its general vibe:

As you can see a couple times in there, the show makes great use of tilt-shift photography -- you know, the thing where you change the focal length until everything starts to look fake? It creates a weird, dreamlike effect where parts of the frame are out of focus for no reason, or actual locations start to look like model-train miniatures. Many of the shots are framed like this, giving the entire thing a very pretty, very uncanny look.

And speaking of the dreamlike: If there's one thing I've come to expect from C-dramas, it's bad CGI. That is not the case here! The CG is used so sparingly that it's unobtrusive and actually quite nice. Much more of the weight of the show's look relies on practical effects that are supported and amplified by CG, which is the optimal combo. When it does go all in on CG, it's in the service of dreamscapes that are supposed to look unreal anyway.

The show does admittedly have a mild problem of using a cool effect and then largely forgetting that effect exists. For example, the first episode has a really neat "freeze time and walk through a crime scene" bit! And then we barely ever see that ability again. But the show's doing so many other lovely things that you don't really feel the absence until you stop to think about it all later. So don't stop to think about things! That's my motto! (It really isn't.)

The directors also just have a lovely eye for things -- which is extra-surprising considering that both of them are first-time directors. That can be fun, though, when you get people who haven't gotten stuck in their ways get, so they're still being new and weird with it. ...Of course, I bet that's also some of why so much of the show quite obviously got cut to ribbons, if you're also working with directors who also haven't figured out how to get away with things just yet.

Overall, the production values are very high. This show clearly had a fairly solid amount of funding behind it, but it also used its resources smartly. Most costumes are elegant but not extravagant. Detailed sets are small and beautiful locations are contained. While I have great respect for productions that try to create epics on a shoestring budget, there's something to be said for a project that sets its sights on the achievable, then puts its effort into doing what it can, well.

3. A ship for everyone!

There are so many potential ways to pair up them boys. The show's main pair dynamic is between country mouse Zhang Ping and city mouse Lan Jue, but it surely does not stop there. In fact, I've made a helpful chart that shows you all the potential flavors of gay you can enjoy at this particular danmei buffet:

(And yes, if you've seen the show, you know there's at least one more line that I could've drawn here, but I don't want to spoil anything.)

Now, whether you do read any of these dynamics as sexual/romantic is up to you. The point is that you could. For example, I personally am not that into Lan Jue/Xu Dong, but if you lose your shit when a competent sword guy owes a life debt to the defenseless noble he works for? You could have a lot of fun with what the show gives you.

Obviously, because this is a censored c-drama, there are no canon gay romances. However, a couple of them are more textual than others, especially the ones that center Lan Jue, because everyone clearly wants a piece of that fancy flat ass.

One of AvenueX's comments from the video I linked earlier is that the main couple has less sparkle together than each of them has individually with the man that's supposed to be his bestie. While that changes as the show goes on, these two side pairs never cease to be enjoyable. Whether you read them as sexual or not is up to you! Romantically or platonically, they're still a delight to watch bounce off of one another.

And Lan Jue/Gu Qingzhang (that one terrible ex from the chart) is, uh, basically textual? It's miles into "there is no straight explanation for this" territory. Again, avoiding spoilers here, but trust me. You get to see their secluded love nest and everything. Shit's real gay.

Then, of course, there's the main pair:

This is clearly the one that got hit real hard by cuts to the material. It's a damn shame, because this is clearly meant to be the core of the whole narrative. Despite that, the two of them have a fascinating dynamic that changes over the series from outright suspicion to cautious care to absolute trust. It's a great combo of someone who is too honest for his own good and someone so used to court politics that he lies as easily as breathing.

Ironically, the source material is Not Gay, to the point where the author has basically disowned this series as being so different from her original work as to be unrecognizable. You sort of have to wonder about the creative thought processes that led to taking a gen work and deciding to BL it up for the live-action adatation. I'm not complaining, mind you, but it is a little bit of an unforced error.

So whatever flavor of gay it is you're into, the odds are very good that this drama will have at least enough of it to keep you interested!

4. A very charming cast

I got to gush about Song Weilong's Zhang Ping earlier, but honestly I think everybody's pretty enjoyable, from the main cast to the recurring side characters to the one-off extras who show up for a single episode. Everybody's playing it weird and theatrical, so I get it if that's not your cup of tea. However, I feel all the performances are well-suited to the slightly surreal style of the production.

Here's just a couple of the real gems:

Jing Boran's Lan Jue has the perfect regal bearing of a fussy gentleman, but with a very endearing softness underneath. He spends half his time with eyes brimming with unshed tears, and the other half making heart-eyes at his boyfriends. You understand why everybody in the empire wants to ride him like they stole him, and that's even before he lets his hair down and starts dressing in slutty sheer robes. (I'm not entirely sure either he or the show knew how to play the character in the first few episodes, but he gets way better once he stops being so sinister and mysterious and gets to be cute and/or unhinged.)

There is one female character who shows up in more than one arc, and she is the Empress Dowager, and she is such a wonderful awful bitch. What a monster. Shi Yueling eats up every scene she's in by being the perfect mix of reprehensible and fascinating.

I was already primed to like Wang Duo because I liked watching him be a pretty snake boy in Yin-Yang Master: Dream of Eternity. Well, now he gets to be a pretty metaphorical snake boy here. I'm not spoiling anything by telling you he's bad news. He shows up damn near the end of the show and you know immediately he's bad news. But you don't know what kind of bad news he is, and that's fun to find out.

And speaking of actors I already liked from other places! Guo Cheng has mastered the art of acting with his mouth full. His Chen Chou is a sweet, earnest anchor in a world of tricksy boys.

There is something about Hong Yao's handsome face that makes Wang Yan perpetually look a little red-eyed, like he's trying hard to pretend that he wasn't just crying in his office. It's the perfect soft touch to his incredibly wonderful chad of a character. I'm usually not into the cocky jocks, but I will make such an exception for him.

I love you, fortune-telling gremlin grandpa.

5. Raw materials

Look, I assume if you've made it this far in the rec and you're still hanging on, you're interested for one of two reasons. The more normie reason is that you're into c-dramas in general (and probably period dramas in particular), and gay stuff is a selling point, so you see the appeal of turning on a drama where cute boys have emotions at other cute boys. That is a perfectly good reason to watch this drama, and if this is you, I hope you have fun!

The other reason is that you like making fan stuff, and you need some new blorbos to blorb in new and exciting combinations. Friend, I have that stuff for you right here.

A League of Nobleman has problems -- but they are problems that may be appealing to people who enjoy fixing things. There are literal holes in the series where actual, planned, filmed scenes were deleted! If you're looking for source material that's just begging you to fill in the gaps, look no further.

Of course I'm partial to the number of queer DIY romance options there are (see point 3), but that's not the extent of it. The setting is fascinating: an unspecified premodern Chinese dynasty magical enough to have a Bureau of Incantations, where the emperor is (for once) a cool dude, secluded village people live in semi-communal families, and one of the main characters can play Inception with people's heads. I'll say it plainly: If you are into kinky dream sex, this is the drama for you.

I should note that one of the things that doesn't need fixing is the overall shape of the series. The individual little case incidents seem disconnected, but they all weave together at the end as part of a (let's be real, ridiculously complicated) plot, giving the whole thing a pretty satisfying wrap-up. The show does not just fall off a cliff like Moriarty; it resolves in a way that's more than a little convoluted, but still overall satisfying. Also, a lot of those ships from the chart above, when it's all over, are still together. Some days that's all you need from an ending.

Maybe I sound like a broken record at this point, but to give you a sense of how heavy the hand of censorship clearly was, understand several of these episodes don't even break the 35-minute mark, and only four are even over 40 minutes long, when ~45 minutes is about the episode standard for this genre. (For comparison, every Untamed episode at least 42 minutes long.) I think it's important to realize just how much actual connective tissue got removed, way more than just individual censored shots or single redubbed lines.

And speaking of redubbed lines, the last episode of this show contains possibly the funniest NO HOMO in BL history. You have to see it to believe it -- or, rather, to not believe it, because the first time I watched, I didn't even understand what the hell the show was implying. I'll say no more.

Where to watch it!

I hope I've convinced you to at least give it a try! It's not a perfect show by any means, but it's a show with many good elements, and if you can embrace what's there without getting too hung up on what's not, it's a pretty good time.

If you're up for it, you can find it on this YouTube playlist -- though be prepared that it often mutes the opening music. It's also available on Viki (with ads, but less muting).

Just look at those precious, pinchable cheeks. Adorable.

[hairtusk]

journalists without a deep understanding of classical epic poetry and female medieval christian mystics and subversions of the conventions of folk horror and the history of english provincial dialect shouldn't be allowed to review pj harvey concerts. especially male ones. get fucked.

[alchemyfire]

Extracts from the book

Robespierre in power was, externally, the same polite and proper provincial lawyer who had come up to Versailles in the wonderful springtime of 1789. Colchen found him "extremely polite" and dressed "in a suit that came from an earlier time." His hair was carefully combed and powdered. "He called me Monsieur and not citizen, and refrained from using the familiar you (tu)." Robespierre listened carefully to Colchen's report, without interruption, for forty-five minutes. The division chief remarks, with obvious satisfaction, that he had been heard "with interest and pleasure." A second interview was then arranged, and it, too, passed with politeness, attention, a flattering interest directed to the reporter, and a formal yet easy sociability made a bit charming by the manners of the ancien régime. The information thus gathered from Colchen, as well as others, would serve as the basis for Robespierre's formidable Rapport of November 17 (27 Brumaire) on "the political situation of the republic". The episode also reveals the conscientiousness with which he worked...

(Jean-Victor Colchen, head of a division in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a functionary of the ancien régime who stayed on to serve both the Revolution and Napoleon faithfully - had an interview with Robespierre in November 1793).

...By early December, after nearly five years of struggle, he was in a position to oversee the creation of a republic. Part of the act of creation was returning the government to a constitution, replacing the emergency government he had helped create with the government men had dreamed of, certainly since August 10, perhaps from the beginning of the Revolution. The Revolutionary Government declared by Saint-Just and Robespierre he now conceived as the instrument for the transfer of sovereignty to the people. But the times were not right, the omens were inauspicious. The Revolution had passed, unnoticed by those guiding it, into a juggernaut phase. Its course was determined less and less by the will and reason of men, more and more by la force des choses, complex circumstances set in motion and bound to run their caourse. When this shift occured is a matter of dispute. From the point of view of Robespierre's revolutionary career, October 12, 1793 is a plausible moment.

Shortly after the Convention had determined to try the Girondin deputies long under house arrest in Paris - those who fled would be condemned in absentia - and Marie Antoinette, but before the trials began, Fabre d'Eglantine, a poetaster (and one of the creators of the new revolutionary calendar with its heavy natural symbolism), a dandy, a figure of some importance on the left, a friend of Danton's, and, in Robespierre's bitter characterization, "that artisan of intrigue," began unfolding a "Foreign Plot." Much of the plot derived from Fabre's imagination and exaggeration, much of it from his growing fear that he himself would be found out, his thefts and pettifoggery and connivance at the wholesale misuse of funds belonging to the Compagnie des Indes, the old trading company being dissolved by the Revolution, discovered. If caught, he would go to the guillotine. Rather than lose his own head, Fabre was willing to see others killed, and he provided, through his vile fabrications, a good deal of the fatal evidence. His disclosures inaugurated the war between the factions and, more significantly, revealed the Mountain - the sacred Mountain, in the exalted language of the day - as riddled with scandal. These revelations were profoundly shocking, especially to Robespierre. The discovery of corruption on the Mountain deprived the Revolution of virtue. The people, of course, remained virtuous, but their virtue was passive and dependent upon the Montagnard vanguard for realization. Enlightenment and education and the creation of a democratic republic were the necessary means for releasing this vast potential. Now Fabre had undermined the vanguard.

(Extracts from the book The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre by David P. Jordan)

[scotianostra]

August 21st 1798 saw the death of James Wilson, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.

Wilson was born on September 14th 1742 at Carskerdo,Farm, near Ceres, the fourth of the seven children of Alison Landall and William Wilson, a Presbyterian farming family.

He attended the Universities of St.Andrews, Glasgow, and Edinburgh. He never finished his studies, as he sailed for the New World in 1765. Aided by some letters of introduction, he became a tutor with the College of Philadelphia. He received an honorary M.A. shortly thereafter. In November 1767, he was admitted to the bar, and thus pursuing his recent-born interest in the law. He set up his own practice in Reading in the year 1768. He was quite successful, as he handled nearly half of the cases charged in the country court.

In 1774, he wrote an essay with the title:“ Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Government.” He distributed this article among the members of the First Continental Congress. Within those pages, he set down a number of arguments which severely challenged the parliamentary authority over America. In the final conclusion of this manuscript, he states that Parliament had no power whatsoever over the American colonies. Although he accepted in some ways the power of the Monarch, he would not subject himself to the whims of Parliament, in which the colonies had no representation. His manuscript was read in both America and England, and created quite a stir. He was one of the first to ever voice these opinions in a sensible, well-argumented manner.

As a member of the Pennsylvanian Provincial Congress, he made a passionate speech about the possibility of an unconstitutional act made by Parliament. Judicial Review, the American system of checking governmental acts with the Constitution, was on its way.

In the same year, 1775, he signed the Declaration of Independence as a member of the Second Continental Congress. According to sources, it seems he hesitated at first, but signed anyway. This was due to the fact that he was a representative of the Middle States, where opinions about independence differed. But by signing the Declaration, he broke the deadlock the Pennsylvania delegation was in. His signature made sure Pennsylvania voted for independence.

During the next years he was an occasional member of the Continental Congress, and was present at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which assembled with the purpose of drafting The Constitution of the United States of America. Here he was a very influential figure, whose ideas where heavily incorporated in one of the most important documents in history. Thus the Constitution bears his signature.

In 1789, he became a professor of law at the University of Pennsylvania, and in the same year was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court.

It’s not all good news on this Scottish born American though, he was a terrible businessman and he took flight to escape imprisonment for debt. Eventually his $197,000 debt sent him to jail twice, but only for short stays. This didn’t seem to have affected his duties as a judge though as he continued on the Federal judicial circuit despite his misdemeanors.

In 1798, James Wilson suffered a bout of malaria and then died of a stroke at the age of 55, he was buried in the Johnston cemetery on Hayes Plantation near Edenton, but was later reinterned in 1906 at Christ Churchyard, Philadelphia.

[empirearchives]

Maximum price laws under Napoleon

Price maximums are laws that place a ceiling on the price that goods can be charged so that they are affordable to the public. Napoleon applied these regulations to bread, meat, and water (which was made free).

The Prefect of the Eure had included a moving piece of evidence in his monthly report: a sample of miserable bread, “only crudely fashioned wheat husks,” the most his department’s people could afford. In Paris, rumors had flown for months that the city was nearing starvation and emergency measures were imminent. Dreading what might follow, Napoleon determined that only direct intervention would stave off greater disorder. By the morning of May 4, he had drawn up his master plan, and by the end of the week, one might have concluded that the Jacobins had returned to the Convention. Two Imperial decrees, the first on May 4 and a second on May 8, were issued from his chambers. The former once again restricted all sales of grain to public marketplaces, and the latter imposed price maximums on all cereals.

— Judith A. Miller, Mastering the Market: The State and the Grain Trade in Northern France, 1700-1860, p. 198-199

Though he tried to reconcile the war-imposed need for regulation with the liberalism of the bourgeoisie, he was not the laissez-faire economist the Revolutionaries were. His was rather the outlook and role of an enlightened despot, doing his best to promote, according to his own lights, the welfare of his people.

This is why he turned from the Revolutionary, physiocratic idea of unregulated trade to the fixing of prices on meat and bakery items. His natural inclination was to regulate trade by means of corporations, but bankers, industrialists, and the Council of State so generally opposed the idea that freedom of work remained the rule. There were, however, numerous exceptions, particularly in the liberal professions. Bonaparte ordered the prefect of police in Paris to establish trade bodies for baking and butchery; this corporative regime spread to several provincial cities.

“I fear insurrections based on a lack of bread: I should fear less a battle of 200,000 men.” His early popularity, particularly in Paris, rested on his providing food, at low prices, and work.

— Robert B. Holtman, The Napoleonic Revolution, p. 105-106

Napoleon wrote to his stepson in 1810 about this subject:

“The question of wheat is the most important and the most delicate for sovereigns. The owners never agree with the people. The first duty of the sovereign is to lean towards the people, without listening to the sophisms of the owners.”

— Source: Europeana

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"HOLDS POLICE INTERFERENCE WITH SPEAKERS IS ILLEGAL," Toronto Star. August 17, 1933. Page 21. ---- Brantford Magistrate Asserts Offence Not Committed Till Violence Urged --- ASKS COMMON SENSE --- Sarnia. Aug. 17.--Interference such as has frequently taken place with assembly and speech is absolutely unlawful, in the opinion of Magistrate S. Alfred Jones, K.C., of Brantford, who devoted a considerable portion of his presidential address to the Ontario Magistrates' Association to this subject.

Mr. Jones also advocated extension of the right to order strapping to juvenile court judges, maintaining that fines were paid by the parents and confinement frequently taught the boy criminal practices.

"The question of the legality of police interference with assembly and speech is one which has been forced upon the attention of the public. My personal view is that such interference as that which has frequently taken place is, under the facts as they have been stated, absolutely unlawful. Freedom of speech is well defined by the attorney-general in his introduction to the report of the appeal in the Timothy Buck case, which was a conviction under section 98 of the Code, in which he says: 'Any man may advocate whatever type of Government he thinks most desirable: he may attack all existing Institutions; he may argue for any, even the most radical changes; it is only when the use of force, violence or physical Injury to person or property is threatened, advised or defended. that an offence is committed."

Regarding assembly or gathering, in order to justify interference several elements must be present. There must be an assembly of three or more persons, with a common purpose, who conduct themselves that persons in the neighborhood fear as riot, and fear must founded, be an reasonable fear. "If a lone speaker should mount a soap box, and a crowd of strangers gather to hear him, no matter how many, interference would be absolutely illegal, provided his speech was kept within bounds. The place of gathering is, of course, subject to municipal regulations."

"Apart entirely from the legal question, there is the common sense view. By such interference police officials furnish the anarchists and Communists with the very food and drink on which they thrive... The Psychology of the situation has long been recognized in England by the officials of the finest police organisation in the world the Metropolitan Police, which does not tolerate interference, but allows the fullest liberty in free speech."

[rabbitcruiser]

National Acadian Day

Every year, certain Canadian regions commemorate National Acadian Day on August 15 to honor the Acadian people and culture. The Acadian leaders were given the mandate to designate the date of this celebration, which is also the feast of the Assumption of Mary, during the first National Convention of the Acadians in Memramcook, New Brunswick, in 1881. The Acadians, who originated in France, were the first Europeans to permanently settle in Canada.

History of National Acadian Day

The history and culture of Canada’s Acadian people are commemorated on National Acadian Day. When France founded Nova Scotia in Port Royal in 1605 as North America’s first permanent settlement, thousands of Acadians were compelled to abandon their homes and relocate as a result of the Great Upheaval, which lasted from 1755 to 1763. Many people eventually returned to the Acadian region, but others never did.

National Acadian Day was founded in 1881 at the first National Convention of the Acadians in Memramcook, New Brunswick, when the Acadian leaders were given the task of deciding on a date for the celebration, which coincided with the Assumption of Mary’s feast day. The date was the subject of a debate at the convention between those who wanted Acadians to commemorate Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, which has been a national day of French Canadians since 1834 and a national holiday of Quebec since 1977, on June 24, and those who wanted the commemoration to take place on August 15.

During this time, a significant number of Acadian leaders were traditionalists who desired the preservation of pre-revolutionary France’s ideals and practices. This did not stop the Acadians from adopting a tricolor flag at the Miscouche convention three years later. With his statement before the conference, Abbot Marcel-François Richard, who supported August 15, is thought to have influenced the outcome. By January 1938, the Vatican approved the Acadian convention’s choice in a declaration. National Acadian Day became an official Canadian holiday in 2003, thanks to the efforts of the Canadian Parliament.

National Acadian Day timeline

1881 The First Acadian Day

National Acadian Day is established at the first National Convention of the Acadians.

1994 First Congrès Mondial Acadien (C.M.A.)

The first Congrès Mondial Acadien (C.M.A.) is held across municipalities in Southeastern New Brunswick.

2003 Royal Recognition

A Royal Proclamation recognizes the wrongs suffered by the Acadians when they were forcibly deported from Acadie from 1755 until 1762.

2004 National Acadian Day

The provincial governments officially recognize National Acadian Day.

National Acadian Day FAQs

Can you see the Northern Lights in Acadia?

The Northern Lights can often be observed from Downeast Acadia’s northernmost reaches.

Is Acadia home to bears?

On the island, there is a small permanent population of black bears.

Can you go hiking at night in Acadia?

Acadia National Park’s Park Loop Road is open at night, allowing visitors to drive into and around the park.

National Acadian Day Activities

Make plans to visit Acadia

Read about Acadian history

Listen to music from Acadia

Festivals are held by Acadians to celebrate their centuries-old traditions, as well as contemporary arts and culture. Festivals are held all year in Acadian and francophone towns around the province, so plan a vacation to Canada to see them for yourself.

It's possible that you've never heard of Acadia, a French colony in North America. Now that you've heard of them, it's time to learn more about their culture and history for yourself!

Good music has a way of burying itself in our hearts. It's something that brings us all together. Listen to Acadian music or Google up and listen to Acadian artists.

5 Facts About Acadia That Will Blow Your Mind

Acadia's first capital

Bolognino Zaltieri

The inspiration behind Acadia

Cod abundance

The Acadian dialect

Port Royal was Acadia's first capital and was erected in 1605.

Bolognino Zaltieri named an area far to the northeast of present-day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick 'Arcadia' in 1566.

The term ’Quoddy,’ which means open sloop-rigged sailboat, was thought to have inspired the name Acadia.

Acadia was famed for its abundance of cod, which drew European traders and fishermen to its shores.

Chiac is an Acadian dialect prevalent throughout the region.

Why We Love National Acadian Day

The view from Otter Cliff

Being one with nature

It commemorates Acadia's past

Otter Cliff, at 110 feet above sea level, is the spectacular climax of the Ocean Walk. It's a popular rock climbing destination, and it's composed of Cadillac granite, the unique pink rock that Acadia is known for.

Acadia is all about taking in the beauty of nature, and camping and stargazing add to the experience. The park campgrounds are inexpensive, nice, and clean, even if they are a little run-down.

Acadians' history is commemorated on National Acadian Day. It honors their history and culture while also preserving their legacy.

Source

[soob1nn]

MY CHARACTERS - ADULT FAME DR

REMINDER! I haven’t shifted yet, so all these is just my imagination 🤍

masterlist - main mastelist

As an actress, I've had the privilege of breathing life into a multitude of incredible roles, each one a unique canvas upon which I've painted a diverse spectrum of characters. Each role has been a mesmerizing chapter in my career, a testament to the limitless possibilities that the world of acting has to offer.

ELIZABETH SWANN - PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN

four films (2010-2014)

Elizabeth Swann is a captivating character from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" film franchise. Portrayed by me, Elizabeth is a spirited, intelligent, and determined young woman. She is known for her striking beauty, with long, flowing chestnut hair and striking green eyes.

Elizabeth is the epitome of courage and resilience. Throughout the series, she evolves from a prim and proper governor's daughter into a fierce and resourceful pirate. Her transformation is marked by her unwavering loyalty to her friends, including the enigmatic Captain Jack Sparrow and the honorable Will Turner.

However, it's important to note that Elizabeth Swann appears in only four of the five films in the series. This is because the I decided to take a break after four straight years of playing the same role. Despite my absence in one installment, Elizabeth's character remains a beloved and iconic figure in this series.

As a character, Elizabeth Swann embodies the spirit of adventure and a desire for freedom, often challenging societal norms and expectations. Her presence on screen is a testament to the strength and complexity of female characters in the realm of cinematic storytelling. Elizabeth Swann's journey in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series has left a lasting impact on audiences, making her a beloved and iconic figure in the world of film.

BELLE - BEAUTY AND THE BEAST

(2017)

Belle, the enchanting protagonist of Disney's "Beauty and the Beast." is a character that has captured the hearts of audiences for generations. Portrayed in the live-action adaptation by me, Belle is a character of beauty, intelligence, and unwavering courage.

With her distinctive hazel eyes and a crown of chestnut hair, Belle exudes a timeless and natural beauty. Her iconic golden gown and matching accessories only enhance her charm.

But Belle is not just a pretty face. She's known for her voracious love of reading and her curiosity, often seen with her nose in a book. Her desire for knowledge and adventure sets her apart from her provincial life and leads her to the enigmatic Beast's enchanted castle.

What truly makes Belle special is her spirit. She's courageous, compassionate, and willing to look beyond appearances to discover the kindness and humanity within. Her journey from a small village to an enchanted castle, marked by her love for the Beast, is a tale of inner beauty, strength, and the transformative power of love. Belle remains a beloved and enduring symbol of intelligence, kindness, and the timeless message that beauty is found within.

JO MARCH - LITTLE WOMEN

(2018)

Jo March, a central character in Louisa May Alcott's classic novel "Little Women," is a literary icon known for her strong-willed, independent, and fiercely creative nature. Jo is a character who transcends the pages of her story and remains an enduring symbol of determination, ambition, and the pursuit of one's dreams.

With her fiery auburn hair and a boundless spirit, Jo embodies the essence of the independent woman of her time. She is a talented writer and storyteller, channeling her experiences and imagination into her works. Her passion for literature is evident in every word she writes.

Jo's journey in "Little Women" is a tale of her desire for independence, self-expression, and the pursuit of a literary career. Her character shatters societal expectations for women of her era and challenges the conventions of her time. Jo's story is a timeless reminder of the power of resilience and the importance of pursuing one's ambitions, making her an inspirational figure for generations of readers and audiences.

MARTA CABRERA - KNIVES OUT

(2019)

Marta Cabrera, portrayed by myself in the film "Knives Out," is a character with a strong moral compass, a compassionate heart, and an extraordinary ability to speak the truth. Marta is not only an integral part of the film's intricate plot but also a captivating and memorable character in her own right.

Marta's character is characterized by her humble, down-to-earth appearance and a warm, empathetic demeanor. Her simple, unpretentious attire reflects her nature as a caregiver, always putting the well-being of others first. Her expressive brown eyes and genuine smile reveal the depths of her character.

What truly sets Marta apart is her condition of involuntary regurgitative reaction to dishonesty. This condition serves as a central plot point and a clever narrative device, emphasizing her honesty and making her a key player in solving the mystery.

Marta's character is a reflection of unwavering integrity and a commitment to doing what is right, even when faced with deceit and duplicity. Her journey in "Knives Out" is a testament to the enduring power of truth and goodness in the face of deceit and duplicity, making her a character that resonates with audiences long after the credits roll.

ROSSANA MITCHELL - TOP GUN MAVERICK

(2022)

Rossana Mitchell, the daughter of the legendary Pete Mitchell, known as Maverick, is a character who embodies the same unwavering bravery and stubborn determination as her father.

Following in his footsteps, she becomes a pilot in the army and is as passionate about flying as Maverick himself.

Rossana's love for aviation runs deep, and it's a part of her identity. Her courage and resilience shine through in the cockpit, just like her father. She's not one to back down from a challenge, and she thrives in high-pressure situations, carrying on the Maverick legacy.

But it's not all about flying for Rossana. In the midst of her thrilling aerial adventures, she finds herself falling in love with Rooster, a connection that adds depth and complexity to her character. Her journey is a compelling mix of familial legacy, personal passion, and the twists and turns of love in the high-stakes world of military aviation. Rossana Mitchell is a character with an indomitable spirit, soaring through the skies and capturing hearts along the way.

EVELYN - THE SEVEN HUSBANDS OF EVELYN HUGO

(2023)

Evelyn Hugo, the enigmatic and alluring protagonist of the novel "The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo" by Taylor Jenkins Reid, is a character of captivating complexity and depth. Her life story is an extraordinary journey through the glitz and glamour of Hollywood's golden age, intertwined with profound personal experiences.

Evelyn is portrayed as an icon of beauty and allure, with her striking looks and timeless elegance. Her character embodies the essence of old Hollywood glamour, with a magnetism that captures the attention of everyone around her.

Beyond her captivating exterior, Evelyn is a woman of immense determination, resilience, and ambition. Her life story, filled with secrets and sacrifices, is a testament to her fierce independence and her unyielding pursuit of success in an industry known for its challenges.

What makes Evelyn Hugo truly fascinating is her introspective and self-aware nature. Her journey, as she recounts her life to a young journalist, is marked by deep introspection and a desire to leave a legacy that transcends her film career.

Evelyn Hugo is a character who defies categorization, a woman of complexity and contradictions who navigates the intricacies of love, fame, and personal identity. Her story is a captivating exploration of the human experience, leaving an indelible mark on both the novel and its readers.

[czerwonykasztelanic]

Really interesting thing about Les Miserables is that it combines a number of semi-independent stories - each of which, when isolated, is a fairly standard interpretation of a given trope - into a larger, inter-connected whole; and wherever the individual archetypes interact with each other, they set the stage for the introduction of things that are less generic and cannot be treated as a one-dimensional paradigm. Such a layered "collage" is possible because of two factors: first, a large (and varied) cast of characters; second, the fact that the events in the novel span a relatively long period of time (some 40 years*).

However, unlike many historical works of similar calibre, Les Miserables usually favors a surgical approach - in a way, the individual "puzzle pieces" and their intersections matter more than the final "big picture".

When you look at the collage, you start to notice patterns and parallels: how Éponine is a distant echo of Javert, and in turn how Grantaire can be likened to Éponine; the mirrored fates of Enjolras and Gavroche; the analogous-yet-divergent fates of Valjean and Fantine, and many more.

In and of itself, the joined tale of Marius and Cosette is a variation on the theme of Werther et al. But when you broaden your perspective and consider the preceding stories of the two characters, it suddenly expands beyond the conventions of the genre. They are more than archetypical Romantic lovers: Marius - by virtue of his conflict with his grandfather and his involvement in the June Rebellion; and Cosette - owing to the detailed account of her turbulent past. The lover, the wayward son and the patriot-martyr are all characters extremely common in nineteenth-century literature - it just so happens that Marius is all three. Similarly, Cosette's childhood is a typical, if harrowing, Realistic depiction of abuse and poverty; and yet she is also the angelic, aethereal "kindred spirit" venerated by the lovestruck Marius-Werther.

Then you have Valjean, whose life is part morality play, part Positivistic* success story, part psychological study of an eternal outcast; Javert, who is simultaneously a caricature of single-mindedness, a universal parable about the dangers of blindly following authority, and Hugo's way of critiquing the reactionary police-state of Napoleon III; Éponine, at once a cautionary tale and a sympathetic look at the seedy underbelly of 'civilised' society; and bishop Myriel, both a textually canonized saint and the jolly protagonist of a pastoral about the highs and lows of life in a provincial parish.

The characters evoke emotion not because they can be losslessly stencilled into the new millenium, but because their reality is multi-faceted enough for us to become immersed in it. It's as if Hugo put a bucket-load of archetypes and genres in a well-researched and digression-prone blender, and out of that marring of ideals came something that has perhaps lost some of its everyman appeal and universality, in favor of immortalizing a kaleidoscope view of life in the early eighteen-hundreds; and yet it remains relevant because the problems he tackles are relevant still.

[gracehosborn]

A Short Biography of James Gilliland Because If I Don’t Talk About Him I May Go Insane

This man. This man is a SHINING example of why I want to create a companion anthology to The American Icarus full of interesting short stories or scenes I can’t include in the main narrative.

Let me explain—under the cut because this got LONG! No apologies whatsoever.

James Gilliland was married and had a number of children (exact number is unclear) prior to joining the war effort. [x] Evidently, he helped run a “a mercantile and mathematics school” (though… The Papers of George Washington editors don’t source this claim?). [x] Of joining the war effort, Gilliland later recalled that “upon the enemies Approach to N[ew] York I retreated from thence with my family & what part of my effects I could find time & opportunity of bringing off: enter’d the Service as [Lieutenant] in Col[onel] A[lexander] Hamilton’s Comp[an]y [of] Artillery.”

Indeed, on March 14. 1776, Gilliland was appointed 2nd Lieutenant of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery, headed by Alexander Hamilton. [x]

I would assume, due to having already started a family, that James Gilliland was slightly older than his ~19-year old captain, however I haven’t found definitive proof of his age as of writing this.

On August 12, 1776, Captain Hamilton wrote to the Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York that “there is at present a vacancy in my company, arising from the promotion of Lieutenant Johnson to a captaincy in one of the row-gallies, (which command, however, he has since resigned, for a very particular reason.).” Hamilton requested that 1st Sergeant Thomas Thompson be promoted to the vacant lieutenant spot, which would result in the “advance of Mr. Gilleland [sic] and Mr. Bean” in rank to fix the issue. Thus, on August 15, Thomas Thompson and James Gilliland were given promotions. [x]

Below are illustrated depictions of an officer in the general uniform of Hamilton’s company, and a sergeant in the company’s winter dress:

Source: Smith, Digby; Kiley, Kevin F. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of The American War For Independence, 1775-1783 Lorenz Books, 2008, pg. 121.

James Gilliland was with the company through the summer and fall of 1776, participating in many of the company’s happenings (for a much more detailed discussion of the company’s actions, please see this timeline). On October 21, Hamilton recorded in his company pay book that Gilliland was paid “Cash.” No other entries were made on his page spread, which does raise some questions.

Around December 4, 1776, Gilliland, “from domestic inconveniences, and other motives, resigned his Commission to General Washington” as Hamilton later explained. [x] Gilliland was not done with military service, however. Soon after, Gilliland became the director of ordinance of Fort Montgomery just south of West Point. His name appears on a list of officers dated in 1777 for the fort. I have included the document below, due to its being found on Ancestry.com (which I equally love and despise) and with the knowledge that I only have access to Ancestry’s library through my university. Is this what I should be utilizing that resource for? Probably not, but here we are.

Source: U.S., Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783, New York: Willet's Regiment of Levies, 1781-1783, Folder 173, Subgroup: Various Organizations, Folder 181, pg. 619; Microfilm Publication M246, War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93, National Archives And Records Administration. Digitized by Ancestry, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/records?recordId=1728379&collectionId=4282&tid=&pid=&queryId=6cca2cdf-dbdb-4a3c-9de8-f61e4bdb211d&_phsrc=Jgh152&_phstart=successSource

On October 6, 1777, Fort Montgomery and the nearby Fort Clinton were taken by British forces, resulting in Gilliland becoming a prisoner of war. It’s unclear as to when he was exchanged, unfortunately. As well as the conditions he experienced while a prisoner.

Fortunately for James Gilliland however, on March 13, 1779, while encamped at Middlebrook, New Jersey, General George Washington wrote in his General Orders that he wished for Gilliland and eleven others to report to headquarters as the group’s members were to be nominated to the companies of sappers and miners.

Months later, Gilliland was promoted to the captain-lieutenancy of Captain Bebee’s company of sappers and miners by way of Washington’s General Orders of August 2. [x] Gilliland served in this position until June of 1781, when in the General Orders of June 19, he was promoted to captain of one of the companies of sappers and miners. [x]

Below is an illustrated depiction of a private in the Company of Sappers and Miners, dated 1781. Although Gilliland was commissioned as a captain, he would have worn a similar uniform.

Source: Smith, Digby; Kiley, Kevin F. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of The American War For Independence, 1775-1783 Lorenz Books, 2008, pg. 123.

Unfortunately for James Gilliland, he revealed to George Washington in a letter of September 3, 1781, that his family’s situation was of great distress in light of his position as captain:

I should feel my self altogether Happy & Contented but for that load of distress with which I foresee my Family consisting of a wife & Eight small Children must be overwhelm’d, from not a Partial but a total want of the great essentials of their Support, Provisions & Firewood, to purchase which hitherto they have been under the disagreeable Necessity of Selling their Furniture, not even Excluding their Bedding, and all their Resourses in that way being now Exhausted, must depend upon the Cold hand of Charity for a Support during my absence unless an order is given for letting them draw four or five Rations of Provisions from the Commissary & an addequate quantity of Fuel from the Qr Master Genl at Newburgh where they now reside the value of these articles to be Stopped out of my Pay hereafter.

It’s so heartbreaking to see that after so many years had past, his family had to sell their possessions just to stay afloat.

Gilliland requested a hearing to have Washington “take my Case into Consideration & Grant such relief as in your po[wer]” however, there is no explicit indication that this was done.

James Gilliland was active at the siege of Yorktown, and in a full circle moment, he served under Alexander Hamilton in his corps who stormed Redoubt 10 the night of October 14, 1781. Hamilton wrote about Gilliland’s actions in a letter to the Marquis de Lafayette on October 15, simply stating that “Capt Gilliland with the detachment of sappers and miners acquitted themselves in a manner that did them great honor.”

The Yorktown campaign had taken a toll on Gilliland’s health, for a later letter (of August 3, 1782) reveals that Washington allowed for the captain to stay with his family over the winter of 1781-2 to recover from an illness that had been brought on by “the Fatigue I underwent during the course of that Campaign.” [x]

Alarmingly, Gilliland’s relationship with the officers of his company was so poor that he sought to explain the situation in the same August 1782 letter. His officers had “avowedly entered into a malicious combination to make my life unhappy whilst among them,” Gilliland claimed, “and thereby renders it impracticable for me to perform my duty in the manner I could wish.” The captain concluded that their motivation for doing so was simply “envy for some testimonials of approbation of my conduct at York Town, with which I was Honor’d” as well as Washington allowing Gilliland to stay with his family over the ensuing winter to recover from the campaign. He also noted that in June of 1781, having “relapsed into my former Illness,” he had been granted permission to “retiring into the Country, conformable to the Doctor’s advice.”

By October, Gilliland’s poor situation with his officers had not seen any significant change. In a latter of October 9, 1782 to Washington, Gilliland remarked that it would be “utterly incompatible with my felicity to continue longer amongst a Sett [sic] of Officers, combined against me either thro’ envy or from an unjustifiable ardency for promotion” with whom he could not maintain “that harmony which ever ought to Subsist Amongst Officers.” Gilliland also acknowledged that he had yet to receive part of his pay dating back to 1780 and another sum since 1778. Though “small in itself” this money was then “Essentially Necessary to the Support of my family, to whom I return pennyless after upwards of Seven years faithful Service.” Ultimately, Gilliland asked to retire from the Army as a result of the building circumstances against him.

After the war, James Gilliland found work in New York City as a “gauger” by 1789 as can be seen in the New York City Directory, and lived “near the Exchange.” [x] It is evident that this position was appointed by a petition Gilliland wrote on May 31, 1789, wherein he simply asks to continue in the post on account of his family’s financial needs.

Unfortunately, as far as I can find, James Gilliland’s paper trail stops here. What is extant however is absolutely fascinating, so naturally I couldn’t help but come here and rant about him.

Note: The links provided for the letters Gilliland wrote to Washington, and Washington’s General Orders are “Early Access Links.” This means that the permanent links have yet to be made for these documents, as the teams behind Founders Online are still in the process of digitizing the remaining volumes of The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series to the database. Eventually the links will break; I might forget to update this post and as such I have provided exact dates.