#peripheral nervous system

[k-i-l-l-e-r-b-e-e-6-9]

𝔥𝔲𝔪𝔞𝔫 𝔠𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔩 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔭𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔭𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔞𝔩 𝔫𝔢𝔯𝔳𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔰𝔶𝔰𝔱𝔢𝔪

𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔯𝔠𝔢: 𝔫𝔢𝔲𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔞𝔱𝔥𝔬𝔩𝔬𝔤𝔶𝔟𝔩𝔬𝔤

[justkidneying]

Q: Are the eyes and optic nerve (aka CN II) part of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system?

A: CNS

I know we say that the PNS has 12 cranial nerves, but that is false. It has 11 (CNI,CNIII-CNXII). How do we know this? Embryology, my dude (and pathology)

So the eyes come out of the brain around 3 wks after fertilization. They are a diverticulum of the brain (as everything in your body is a diverticulum of something else). The retina and optic nerve come out of the neural ectoderm. The lens comes from the surface ectoderm. If you know embryology, everything in medicine and anatomy will become so much clearer, trust me.

*we are like balloon dogs, just one long tube that got twisted around a bunch*

Anyways, pathologically, we can tell that the eyes are part of the CNS as well. What does Multiple Sclerosis do? It demyelinates the CNS....and the optic nerve. What does Guillian-Barre do? It demyelinates the PNS...but not the optic nerve.

So why do we call the optic nerves...nerves when they should be a tract? (remember that axons of the CNS are called tracts, and in the PNS they are called nerves) Honestly, I have no idea. It was probably some dumbass anatomist...and he probably also thought humans have one heart...

[thestorybotsfanlol]

PNS and CNS

PNS=Peripheral Nervous System

CNS=Central Nervous System

Creidts to Amoeba Sisters

[turiyatitta]

The Full Awareness of All Nerves

A Deep Dive into Our Body’s Silent CommunicatorsThe human body, a marvel of nature, operates with a complexity that often goes unnoticed. Central to this intricate system is the network of nerves, the silent communicators orchestrating our every move, thought, and sensation. Let’s embark on a journey to understand these fascinating elements of our biology.Firstly, consider the brain and spinal…

[learnwish]

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[ecomehdi]

Outstanding Understanding the Nervous System: Parts and Functions 1

Have you ever wondered how your body coordinates all its movements and processes? It’s all thanks to an incredible network known as the nervous system. In this article, we’ll take a journey through the intricate workings of the nervous system, breaking down its parts and unveiling its fascinating functions. The Central Command: Brain and Spinal Cord The brain and spinal cord are the dynamic duo…

[march10]

Watch Annie O'Connor's interview on Can Spasticity and Hypertonia be Mediated by the Peripheral Nervous System on PT Pro Talk Podcast. Spasticity and hypertonia can be mediated by the peripheral nervous system, and treatment for these conditions may involve interventions that target the peripheral nerves and the muscles they innervate.

[bobcat-pie]

[listen-to-the-inner-walrus]

One of the quirks I've found of having functional neurological disorder is the fact that any compression on my fingers leads to numbness and then paralysis.

And that's very fun when you've sprained a finger and are trying to put a brace on it so you don't keep bending it.

Certainly can't bend it when it's paralysed.

[bpod-bpod]

Barrier Breakthrough

Your body contains hundreds of nerves but they can't all regenerate. After injury, peripheral nerves replace damaged sections but nerves in your central nervous system (CNS) can’t. Instead, brain cells called astrocytes cordon off damaged tissue (lesions) to help preserve healthy nerve tissue. These lesions form a barrier, preventing regeneration. Transplants of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), made from stem cells, may help. Researchers investigate by tagging NPCs and transplanting them, via a hydrogel, into uninjured or injured mouse CNS. RNA analysis revealed NPCs in uninjured mice matured into cells resembling healthy astrocytes, while NPCs in injured mice matured into cells resembling ‘reactive’ astrocytes, which arise after injury to partition off lesions. Fluorescence microscopy of injured CNS (pictured) revealed that adding NPCs (right) reduced lesion size (magenta) and helped bridge lesions via astrocytes (green) compared with injured CNS without NPCs (left) or only hydrogel (middle). The injury microenvironment, therefore, directs NPCs towards wound repair.

Written by Lux Fatimathas

Image from work by T. M. O’Shea and colleagues

Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Communications, September 2022

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[ear-motif]

the visions are strong tonight. its time for my buddy randall tier to step in

[k-i-l-l-e-r-b-e-e-6-9]

𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔩 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔭𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔭𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔞𝔩 𝔫𝔢𝔯𝔳𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔰𝔶𝔰𝔱𝔢𝔪𝔰, 𝔯𝔢𝔪𝔬𝔳𝔢𝔡 𝔣𝔯𝔬𝔪 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔟𝔬𝔡𝔶.

ℑ𝔪𝔞𝔤𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔲𝔯𝔱𝔢𝔰𝔶 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔅𝔬𝔡𝔶 𝔚𝔬𝔯𝔩𝔡𝔰 𝔈𝔵𝔥𝔦𝔟𝔦𝔱.

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

TSRNOSS, p 531.

[drchristophedelongsblog]

Brain pathways: an information superhighway

Understanding the neural network

The brain, our body's conductor, is a complex network of billions of interconnected neurons. These neurons communicate with each other via specialized pathways known as nerve tracts. These pathways are essential for transmitting sensory, motor and cognitive information throughout the body.

Main brain pathways

1. The pyramidal pathway

- Role: The pyramidal pathway is primarily responsible for the voluntary control of movement. It connects the primary motor cortex to the motor neurons in the spinal cord, enabling the initiation and control of precise skeletal muscle movements.

- Components: It comprises the corticospinal bundle and the corticobulbar bundle.

- How it works: Nerve signals from the motor cortex travel down this pathway to activate the muscles concerned.

2. Sensory pathways

- Role: These pathways transmit sensory information from the body to the brain.

- Types of sensitivity:

o Tactile sensitivity: Allows us to perceive touch, pressure and vibration.

o Thermal sensitivity: Allows us to perceive heat and cold.

o Deep sensitivity: Allows us to perceive the position of limbs in space (proprioception) and joint movements.

o Pain sensitivity: Allows us to perceive pain.

- Pathway: Sensory information is transmitted by peripheral nerves to the spinal cord, then back to the brain via various ascending pathways.

3. Specific sensory pathways

- Visual: transmits visual information from the retina to the occipital lobe.

- Auditory: Transmits auditory information from the inner ear to the temporal lobe.

- Olfactory pathway: transmits olfactory information from olfactory receptors to the olfactory bulb.

- Taste pathway: transmits taste information from the taste buds to the taste cortex.

4. Proprioception pathway

- Role: Proprioception is the sense that enables us to know our body's position in space.

- How it works: Proprioceptive receptors in muscles, tendons and joints constantly send information to the brain about the state of muscle contraction, joint angle and limb position.

- Importance: Proprioception is essential for movement coordination, balance and posture.

Nerve pathway disorders

Damage to or dysfunction of these pathways can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as :

- Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one side of the body.

- Paresthesia: Sensation of numbness or tingling.

- Ataxia: Loss of coordination of movements.

- Blindness: Loss of vision.

- Deafness: Loss of hearing.

In conclusion

Brain pathways are complex networks that ensure communication between the brain and the body. Understanding how they work is essential for grasping the mechanisms underlying many physiological and pathological processes.

Go further

[natpetersoncore]

what they don’t warn you about when you major in something is how incredibly irritated you get when media gets something about it wrong

[wellandable]

Revolutionizing Manual Therapy: The Rise of Dermoneuromodulation

Introduction: Manual therapy has undergone a transformation in recent years, with the emergence of innovative approaches like Dermoneuromodulation (DNM). Initially conceptualized by Diane Jacobs and further developed by practitioners like Michael Reoch, DNM represents a paradigm shift in how we understand and treat pain through the interaction of the nervous system and the skin.

Understanding Dermoneuromodulation (DNM): DNM, derived from "Dermo" (skin), "Neuro" (nervous system), and "Modulation" (change), focuses on altering the activity of the nervous system using gentle skin-based techniques. Unlike traditional manual therapy methods, DNM emphasizes creating a safe environment with minimal side effects, making it a valuable adjunct or standalone approach in pain management.

The Evolution of Manual Therapy: Reflecting on the evolution of manual therapy, practitioners have transitioned from conventional biomechanical models towards a deeper understanding of neurology and pain mechanisms. This shift, epitomized by the introduction of DNM, highlights the importance of considering the role of peripheral nerves and cutaneous sensations in therapeutic interventions.

Exploring the Nervous System: An integral aspect of DNM is its focus on the sensory nervous system, which often receives insufficient attention in traditional training programs. Understanding the intricate network of cutaneous nerves and their role in conveying external stimuli is crucial for effective communication with the nervous system and addressing pain.

Unveiling the Truth About Pain: Central to DNM is a nuanced understanding of pain, which goes beyond nociception to encompass cognitive, emotional, and sensory components. By acknowledging pain as a complex phenomenon, manual therapists can employ techniques like DNM to provide novel stimuli and facilitate self-correction within the nervous system.

Harnessing the Power of Manual Therapy: DNM offers several mechanisms through which it can alleviate pain and improve function. By providing new feedback to the nervous system, enhancing vascular function, and promoting comfort-inducing positions, DNM aims to modulate pain responses and restore optimal nervous system function.

The Essence of Dermoneuromodulation: At its core, DNM is an interactive and light form of manual therapy that empowers patients to play an active role in their healing journey. By fostering effective communication and utilizing gentle techniques, DNM practitioners aim to create positive changes in pain perception and motor function.

Conclusion: As manual therapy continues to evolve, approaches like Dermoneuromodulation offer promising avenues for addressing pain and optimizing patient outcomes. By embracing the principles of DNM and incorporating them into clinical practice, therapists can revolutionize their approach to pain management and enhance the well-being of their patients.

Audience: This blog post is relevant to any licensed manual therapist interested in exploring innovative approaches to pain management and improving their understanding of the nervous system's role in therapeutic interventions.