#paramagnetic materials

[mpcomagnetics]

Soft Magnetic Composite SMC Material

Soft Magnetic Composite SMC Material In recent decades, trends in automotive and other industries have spiked demand for new magnetic materials. As a result, in the mid-1990s the very first components made from soft magnetic composite were born. And the trend of using these soft magnetic composites (SMCs) only continues to grow. Those first SMC parts were ignition cores, used extensively in most…

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Harnessing magnetic relaxation: 'Pac-Man effect' enables precise organization of superparamagnetic beads

Particles that are larger than regular molecules or atoms yet remain invisible to the naked eye can form a variety of useful structures, including miniature propellers for microrobots, cellular probes, and steerable microwheels designed for targeted drug delivery. Lisa Biswal's team of chemical engineers at Rice University has found that exposing a certain class of such particles—micron-sized beads endowed with a special magnetic sensitivity—to a rapidly alternating, rotating magnetic field causes them to organize into structures that are direction-dependent or anisotropic. This discovery is important because anisotropy can be adjusted to develop new, customizable material structures and properties.

Read more.

[sciencesolutions]

[unfortunately-obsessed]

In honor to the eighth episode, let's have an overview of all things Magneto could do if the writers allowed him to

First of, Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic field, different sides of the same coin. Electromagnetism acts over all existent materials in different forms. Here are three of them:

Ferromagnetism

Paramagnetism

Diamagnetism

Ferromagnetism is the basic and most know form of magnetism, affecting materials like iron, cobalt and adamantium. It doesn't affect materials like lead, so Magneto shouldn't be allowed to stop bullets

However, he should be allowed to stop the planet's rotation, affecting Earth's nickel magnetized iron core, making the whole planet his hostage.

Paramagnetism refers to materials whose magnetism disappears once the magnetic field is removed while ferromagnetism refers to materials that can retain their magnetic properties when the magnetic field is removed. Both are attracted towards magnetic field.

Y'know what material is paramagnetic? Carbon. Won't even say what this would entail.

On the opposite side, diamagnetism involves an extremely weak force of repelling. All materials are diamagnetic to an extent, but the interesting thing is that water is diamagnetic

So if we consider that Magneto's powers are limitless, he should be able to suspend his enemies not by the iron on their blood (iron in the blood isn't in its ferromagnetic form), but by the water. He could be able part the ocean by only a mere wish. He would have the Force

If he can generate magnetic fields, he can generate electricity. Yes, he would be able to create enough lightning it would scare Thor. But this also means that, by emitting electricity at the right frequency, Magneto would be able to produce ultraviolet, infrared, and by forcing a nuclear reaction through parting atoms, produce up all kinds of radiation including microwave rays

[beakers-and-telescopes]

LIQUID MAGNETS

This is ferrofluid- a liquid substance that responds to the presence of magnets with these really cool reactions!

Ferrofluid is actually made of tons of tiny tiny particles of iron or another magnetic metal suspended in water. Each of the particles are coated in a surfactant to keep them from all bunching together, and that's why it looks like a cohesive liquid.

This compound is paramagnetic. That means that it won't automatically stick to iron or other magnetic materials, but when a magnetic field is applied, each of the tiny iron particle becomes a magnet and moves and reacts to the field. Depending on how you apply the magnetic field, this can create some pretty cool effects!

Ferrofluid was actually created in the early 1960s by Steve Papell, a NASA engineer that was trying to come up with a type of rocket fuel that can be easily moved around in zero gravity.

Today, ferrofluid is used in products like loudspeakers and hard drives, but they could potentially be used in the biomedical field as a way to help deliver drugs to certain areas of the body. The drugs would be attached to small amounts of ferrofluid, and then selectively released magnetic fields could help guide them to where they need to go.

You can also just... buy a bottle of it to play with like in the gif at the top. They sell it on Amazon (just be cautious and take appropriate precautions handling it if you have an unsealed container).

[steambot-shenanigans]

The incredible Inky Becile!

She may have been created as a copycat, but that’s not his fault!

Learn more about Becile Industries’ newest hydropower automaton!

Powerful purpose!

Created in 2011 by Becile Industries as a response to Steam Powered Giraffe getting a gig at the San Diego Zoo, Inky was designed to play music at the Birch Aquarium in La Jolla California! We couldn’t let our “friends” at Walter Robotics have all the fun! He was programmed with a love for music and all the creatures of the sea!

Magnificent Magnetism!

His chassis makes good use of electromagnetism and is fully covered in Ferro Fluid, that can be shaped how she wants by changing the strength of the current through certain parts of her plating! His favorite thing to do is shape her arms and head to look more like an octopus or squid! She can form a mouth on her face, but he doesn’t have a jaw, just speakers, so he usually just doesn’t appear to have a mouth at all. The only feature that never changes is a pair of big glowing green photoreceptors that are the cutest and most expressive part of her.

Hydropower!

Due to the magnetization of the ferro fluid decreasing the more the temperature of the paramagnetic material increases, he cannot be powered by steam or coal, due to the heat it generates, so his genius inventor rigged a system to use the green matter to cause water to move and flow perpetually in his core, spinning a rotor to generate the electricity she needs to function! Environmentally friendly AND practical!

Clever Clothing!

Inky knows herself to be of two genders, and as such, uses the pronouns he and she! His only adornment—due to the discomfort of wearing clothes overtop of the gelatin-like ferro fluid—is a snazzy green bow. Masculine bow tie or feminine hair bow? The article can serve both purposes as this bot can maneuver it with ease to where it needs to be using his expertly manipulated ferro fluid coating!

Rocking Repertoire!

Inky the automaton can play and sing a wide variety of songs, all things that have to do with the water and the creatures that live in it! She has a combined programming of covers and songs he wrote himself with his very own composition software! You could find her rocking out on her pretty purple electric guitar, serenely strumming a ukulele, or even striking the keys of a keyboard.

But this tale is a tragic one!

Our innocent little Inky was laid off from his place of employment at the aquarium because of her appearance, which the staff described as “creepy” and “like if venom and kuthulu had a small robot child”, which we here at Becile industries think is very unfair to the poor kid. Everyone who’s gotten a chance to know her has said she is polite, friendly, and energetic! He may not be perfect, but what 13 year old boy/girl is?

You can help!

If you want to help our robot, look for him when he busks around the San Diego area, or if you aren’t local, you can support her and her robot siblings at Becileindustries.com, or check out https://tinyurl.com/InkyInfo-BecileIndustries for more information! And finally, if you just want our correspondent to pass on a message her way, you can message the blog that sent this informational post, and our crew will tell him what you wanted him to hear!

[tanadrin]

So because iron has an absurdly high magnetic susceptibility (like 200,000 according to Wikipedia), and magnetism is an absurdly strong force, I'm pretty sure that the Mniw can extract quite a lot of mechanical energy from Ast just by attaching an iron weight to a bar and letting it spin freely while Pr rotates. Depending on how close Pr's periapsis is to Ast, the attraction of a 1 kg iron mass by magnetic force alone can be anywhere from a tenth of a newton to ten newtons; but this force falls quickly with even moderate orbital eccentricity, meaning the amount of work your rotor could extract to do mechanical work would be very seasonally dependent.

So for the Mniw, the properties of paramagnetic materials would vary considerably depending on the time of year, as would the amount of energy available to their society, not just from biological sources. You could run machines basically without a power source in the summertime, but in the winter, mechanical work would grind to a halt. And that is only if you could find and purify iron--any iron in the protoplanetary disk might have gotten sucked into Ast when the planets were forming, unless they were able to react with other elements very quickly and form non-magnetic ores. It's possible Pr simply has no iron--if it formed in situ.

I think this would also make Mni physics very lopsided. They would know their world is rotating--they could calculate for themselves the centrifugal force on an object in a rotating reference frame, and notice that the outward force they experienced in Pr was exactly the same--but they would have no notion of celestial mechanics from astronomical observation, and maybe no incentive to try to do the kinds of delicate torsion-balance experiments that helped Earth scientists understand gravity. They would know their world existed in some kind of magnetic field, whose direction and orientation changed according to daily and annual cycles, and they might even work out the rules for how it varied with distance, and thus a decent approximation of the geometry of Pr's orbit. But the source of that field would be invisible to them, and no doubt would be the subject of intense debates about its nature.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Figure 13.43 shows the difference between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[earhartsease]

yo physicists - we were just reading about the differences in types of magnetism, and learning there are way more of them than we realised:

Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism are the three main types of magnetism seen in materials. Other types include antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, superparamagnetism, and metamagnetism

but what we were trying to find out if you can help here is: is there an equivalent physics term for "is not magnetic at all"? is it just non-magnetic? or is it something-magnetic like the other words, perhaps amagnetic?

edit: it's nonmagnetic, thanks @delgrosso

[brightlotusmoon]

In the new study, the ETH scientists discovered a strange new form of magnetism. The researchers were exploring the magnetic properties of moiré materials, experimental materials made by stacking two-dimensional sheets of molybdenum diselenide and tungsten disulfide. These materials have a lattice structure that can contain electrons.

To find out what type of magnetism these moiré materials possessed, the team first “poured” electrons into them by applying an electrical current and steadily increasing the voltage. Then, to measure its magnetism, they shined a laser at the material and measured how strongly that light was reflected for different polarizations, which can reveal whether the electron spins point in the same direction (indicating ferromagnetism) or random directions (for paramagnetism).

[laineysbucketlist]

Paramagnetic substances such as aluminium and oxygen want me

Diamagnetic substances such as copper and carbon fear me

Antiferromagnetic materials such as chromium have a more complex relationship with me

[mpcomagnetics]

Permanent ferrite magnet industry overview

Permanent ferrite magnet industry overview 1. Comparison of rare earth permanent magnet materials Permanent ferrite magnet , also known as hard ferrite, is a new type of non-metallic magnetic material, which can generate a stable magnetic field with only one external supply of magnetizing energy, thereby continuously providing magnetic energy to the outside. Permanent magnet ferrite has rich…

[materialsscienceandengineering]

A microscopic factory for small runners: New method uses magnetic loops for growth control

Researchers at the University of Bayreuth have developed a new method for controlling the growth of physical micro-runners. They used an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres—i.e. only magnetic due to external influences—into rods of a certain length. Colloidal particles are tiny particles in the micro- or nanometer range that can be used in medicine as carriers of biochemicals. These so-called microscopic bipeds change their behavior of their own accord as soon as they are fully grown: They then decide to run away. No external intervention is necessary for this. Nevertheless, their behavior is not random, but follows the experimenters' plan. The research results have been published in Nature Communications. In this work, Jonas Elschner, Farzaneh Farrokhzad, Prof. Dr. Daniel de las Heras and Prof. Dr. Thomas Fischer from the Department of Experimental Physics at the University of Bayreuth have developed a microscopic factory for small runners: a biped factory.

Read more.

[fruityyamenrunner]

The Secret of the Temple is an attempt by Archdruid Greer to identify a mystery that has not actually been revealed, and any leads along these lines are worth looking into, I think.

He would have you believe that he believes there is an explicitly physical effect that somehow improves agricultural yields in a locality by means of it there being an operating temple in it, so long as it is built in "the temple tradition". He believes the mechanism is likely already known by physicists and they are just not looking for it because the technology was arrived at iteratively in the usual manner of ancient engineers - geomagnetic modulation from alignment of the bulding and paramagnetic materials? longwave infra red radiation somehow being generated and having some beneficially perturbing effect on the local ecology? sacred geometry harmonics?? volatile compounds from incense??? long straight roads leading into the precinct and sanctum????? the importance of planting groves in a precint??????

Reading it though I am not sure it is not just a Masonic joke -- coming up with fake temples and pretending to have lost the paperwork proving it is real is the core gimmick of Freemasonry, after all. He does not know what the operative mechanism of "the temple technology" was and runs through some possibilities, none of which seem very plausible. His evidence that the effect is real is rather doubtful too -- mostly literary, a lot of handwaving at arthuriana, some mystification of "temples raise agricultural yields because they were foci of knowledge and could exercise control over the surrounding farmers", worst, a claim that early modern decline in yields wasn't due to the Little Ice Age (he thinks the Mediaeval Climate Optimum doesn't real, for some reason???) but the Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries and the concomitant loss of the Temple Tradition/Technology as mediaeval architecture and ritual forms fell into disuse, and a lot of the usual Masonic bullshit about the Templars having a secret that is the kind of thing the author is into, and their encoding of it in Rosslyn Chapel.

I don't find it a very convincing book.

[etimaterials-blog]

The main physical properties of rare earth metals

Rare earth metals as additives to magnesium, aluminum and their alloys, the first thing to consider is their density. The density depends on the relative atomic mass, atomic radius, and crystal structure of the rare earth metal. All rare earth metals have a close-packed hexagonal structure except for Europium, so their density depends on their relative atomic mass and atomic radius. Because of its small atomic weight, Scandium has a density of 2.989g/cm3, which is the smallest of all rare earth metals. It is approximately 70% higher than the density of magnesium (1.741 g/cm3) and approximately 10% higher than aluminum (2.7g/cm3). The density of Yttrium is 4.46g/cm3, which is larger than that of Scandium, but it has a smaller atomic weight than that of lanthanide, and is intermediate between scandium and lanthanide metals (from Lanthanum to Lutetium). Among all lanthanide metals, due to the shrinkage of the lanthanide series and the increase in atomic weight, their density generally increases with the increase of the atomic number, which increases by about 60% from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Europium and Ytterbium being exceptions, they have an unusually large atomic radius, and their density is smaller than that of their neighboring rare earth metals.

The rule that the melting point of lanthanide metals changes with atomic number is similar to the rule that the density of lanthanide metals increases with increasing atomic number, except for lanthanum metal. Starting from cerium, the melting point of lanthanide metals increases with increasing atomic number. The melting point from Cerium to Lutetium has increased by approximately 110%. However, this rule does not suitable for Europium and Ytterbium. The melting points of these two metals are lower than that of their neighboring rare earth metals. The melting point of yttrium is close to the middle value of the yttrium subgroup element. The melting point of Erbium is 1529°C, yttrium is 1522°C, and the melting point of scandium is 1541 ° C.

The melting heat and elastic modulus of lanthanide metals also show a similar law, which changes with the change of atomic number. The heat of fusion and the modulus of scandium and yttrium are within the limits of the yttrium subgroup element. However, there are cases that do not meet the above rules. The elastic modulus of Samarium is even lower than that of Promethium and Neodymium, and the heat of fusion of Europium is between of Promethium and Gadolinium. The explanations of these deviations can be attributed to the complex nature of the physical properties, they are caused by the different bonding forces between the atoms in the crystal structure. The specific heat of all rare earth metals is approximately the same. In short, all of these properties are related to the bonding forces between the atoms of the lanthanide crystal structure.

Rare earth metals have special properties due to their special electronic configuration. The 4f orbital electron's unique movements make the rare earth have different magnetic, optical, electrical and chemical properties than other elements. The spin and orbital motion of these electrons, the strong spin-orbit coupling effect, and the indirect interaction with the surrounding environment make the magnetic properties of rare earths different from those of group d transition elements such as iron, cobalt, and nickel. They have strong paramagnetic susceptibility, large magnetic saturation intensity, magnetic anisotropy, magnetostriction, magneto-optical rotation and large magnetic entropy effect, so that rare earths are widely used permanent magnet materials, magnetostrictive materials, magneto-optical materials, magnetic refrigeration materials.

https://www.etimaterials.org/rare-earth-elements/

[testingequipmentkdm]

KDM Global, established in 2013, is a prominent Indian manufacturer and supplier of fire testing equipment and industrial machinery. The company is dedicated to delivering high-quality products and services, ensuring that all offerings adhere to stringent safety standards.

Product Range

KDM Global's fire testing equipment portfolio includes:

Oxygen Index Tester: This device measures the minimum oxygen concentration required to sustain candle-like combustion of polymers, following ASTM D2863 standards. It features a paramagnetic oxygen cell for precise measurement, an automatic flow control system, and a digital monitor displaying oxygen concentration and gas mixture temperature.

Cone Calorimeter: Used to assess the heat release rate of materials during combustion, this apparatus is essential for evaluating fire hazards in various materials.

Smoke Visibility Tester: This equipment detects smoke visibility, aiding in the assessment of material safety in fire scenarios.

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Beyond manufacturing, KDM Global offers services such as calibration, maintenance, and software development, ensuring comprehensive support for their equipment.

Contact Information

For more details or inquiries, KDM Global can be reached through their website or via email at saleskdmglobal@gmail.com.

KDM Global's commitment to quality and safety has established them as a trusted name in the fire testing equipment industry in India.

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