#one of them is essentially the entire ventilation system

[crypticarchivist]

“What do you mean ‘inadequate offerings’? The Angels love mountain dew when you can manage to get past their answering machine. Yeah they have one of those. Yeah I just tried typing different numbers repeatedly over and over on my phone. 333, 44444444, 8888 stuff like that. Yeah they speak English. They sound like Californians but they speak English”

“The fuck is ‘Enochian’?”

“That’s a very interesting shade of purple”

And then the other direction:

“Okay I know you said there’s a science to this but literally nothing you just did made any kind of sense. How the fuck did you memorize all that, and more importantly HOW DID YOU AFFORD A FANCY PENTAGRAM INLAID ONTO THE FLOOR IN DIAMONDS!? I’M BARELY MAKING RENT!”

“…”

“whatdoyoumean ‘there are others’”

“…”

“whatdoyoumeanthisoneisjustforuseinthisspellandthisspellonly”

“…”

“I’m coming back with a fucking pickaxe”

i love pitting classically trained magic users against self-taught magic users in sci-fi/fantasy but it shouldn’t be snobbish disdain for them it should be terror

[squidthesquidd]

*scratches at window cutely* any lore of pre-war Cybertron pls :3 💫💫

teehee :3 well… every since watching tfone my ideas have changed a bit, but most of my pre-war lore is a bunch of my favorite bits and pieces from other continuities! (also all bots have t-cogs)

as for characters, the ones I have the most ideas for pre-war are Optimus, Elita, Megatron, and ratchet! Optimus, elita, and megs were of course: Orion pax, Ariel, and D-16 (ratchet was always ratchet lol)

Orions job was to transport energon from the mines to the refineries, so he wasn’t actually in the mines himself, and instead worked around them. he did essentially live with the miners though. I think ive mentioned this before, but his cooling and ventilation systems have never worked properly, so despite his job being very easy for most, it put a lot of strain on him because of how easily he overheated.

Ariel wasn’t a miner herself, she was a mining dump truck, so she just carried away all the unneeded material that was dug up. also!! she used to be yellow instead of pink (tfa elita reference lol) She always followed the rules and did what she was told.. except when it came to orion. her superiors often gave orion a hard time, so she would get in the middle of it, and since she’s huge and great at her job, they could never get rid of her for insubordination. (she was also the only dump truck at the mine she was stationed at so she definitely wasnt expendable)

D-16 worked in the mines just as your typical run of the mill miner. he was great at what he did, buuuuuut he did have a bit of an issue with authority figures. and this pissed off his superiors a lot, so after one particularly heated argument where D and ariel were trying to convince their boss to please let Orion go to a medic cus smoke is literally pouring out of him, D was shipped off to the gladiator ring. His frame was practically remade to twice its original size, and he was dropped off in the fighters barracks. he hated fighting but was unfortunately very good at it, and his fans nicknamed him “megatronus” which he later shortened to Megatron

aaaaaand last but not least, Ratchet! He was created a medic, loved being a medic, and was amazing at what he did. After an incident at the mine where our big three worked at, Ratchet was sent there to treat any wounded he could find.. whhiiich is where he found Orion! Orion wasn’t injured in the incident, but he was severely overheated at the time, and Ratchet saw this chronically ill little guy and immediately decided he just had to help him. Ratchet got permission to bring Orion back with him to run some tests, aaand it turned out that if orions temperature increased anymore he was literally going to explode and die! but ratchet was able to stabilize him 👍 yaaaay. after that, Ratchet would often be at the mines where orion stayed so he could do daily checkups on him and to keep him from going offline. and of course they became besties lol

as for society and governemntttt,,, the functionist system was very much in play (if you were created with a certain alt-mode, that dictates your entire life) i think the aligned continuity is closest to what im going for with.

tbh i dont have it super fleshed but i’ll be working on it 👍👍💥

[vykker]

Infrastructure you don’t see in MO that probably exists in Vykkers Labs 13:

- Freight elevators and internal tram systems, I doubt they just have the one loading bay, and with the ships’ comparatively horizontal floor plan there’s probably need for a system to move cargo from one side to the other with ease. These systems are likely similar to the trains we see in ground level factories, albeit smaller. Still strong and fast enough that workers get smashed all the time.

- Maintenance tunnels for electronics, ventilation, and pipes, and probably a pneumatic tube system as well because it would fit the aesthetic. And yeah they definitely use these tubes to transport fuzzles at horrifying speeds. And the recycling blades would have to dump their meat chunks somewhere. There’s probably a big tube that squeezes the refuse from the blades to the poop chute.

- CARD READERS. I’ve thought about this way too much. Essentially it doesn’t make sense for the biggest pharmaceutical company in Mudos to not have badges or another system to protect their research. Certain badges are valuable due to the accesses they grant and collecting accesses are a point of pride for some workers. Each employee has a badge, scientist or worker. Your accesses are indicated by symbols engraved on your badge. The more symbols you have, the more accesses, the more places you can go and things you can take without being questioned. So having a badge covered in symbols is a bragging right and shows that you are considered important. Furthermore, Vykkers are a pack of self serving backstabbers who will eagerly steal each others research, so it’s important for labs to keep their areas separate.

- A dedicated garage for repairing the trains, lifts, snoozers, everything else, with employees who know how to fix such things. Not a large staff but incredibly important. Interns with an aptitude for engineering may get assigned specialized training and wind up there, but there’s also a number of Mudokon scrubs whose strength and dexterity make them great mechanics. Could be one of the few situations on the ship where the two species are forced to cooperate, and without Vykker oversight as well. Vykkers think they’re above such “menial” labor and generally don’t go there. Plus they’re too frail.

- Cafeterias; nice ones for Vykkers, crappier ones for Interns and Scrubs. The Vykker ones have chefs and waitstaff. The Intern and Scrub ones just have hamster tube type things where you pull a lever and slop falls out. Largely maintained by Mudokons in both cases, but considering how Vykkers Labs has a Fine Foods Division, there could be some proud Vykker chefs in the Vykker cafeteria.

- Recreational facilities. For Vykkers it’s again probably nice and connected to the cafeteria. They have a gym that sees only moderate use, and meditation rooms they pretend to meditate in. For everyone else it’s like a hodge podge of random shit that was going to be thrown away that the Interns were able to save. Dilapidated bar games and crusty couches.

- Emergency response systems. Aside from the button we see get pushed in the bad ending to MO, used as an intruder alert, there are probably other systems in place for fires, chemical spills etc, with dedicated teams to contain incidents. And with the badge thing I mentioned, they probably have special Emergency Badges that can get them nearly anywhere.

- A guest wing. This is an entire area of the ship that is hard to access and is reserved for guests. It contains the auction house, the dissection theatres, guest suites, and the external docking bay for visiting air ships. The floor plan is largely devoid of stairs because Glukkons suck at those. The Vykkers are extremely selective in who they allow to work in this section. Performing well for guests is a major priority. Workers assigned to the guest wing tend to be the best behaved and least beat up looking. You won’t see any emancipated scrubs or interns with scrungly stitches here. Everything is designed to give the best possible impression of the labs down to each employee. There could even be a small amount of well behaved sligs to keep their Glukkons at ease. The Vykkers of course will provide tours of the rest of the facility to high class guests, but these are always coordinated in advance to ensure there’s no blood on the floors & the employees working look less suicidal.

- a safety inspectors office… because hahahahahhahahahahahhaha

- A MASSIVE freezer; a place wall to wall on frozen specimens, ironically nicknamed “the zoo” for its diversity of preserved critters. Bodies of all species in all shapes and sizes can be requested and thawed for experimentation and study. Old experiments of interest wind up here in case they are useful later.

- certain labs have entrances and exits equipped with caustic chemical cannons to disinfect employees; peels your dermis off the first few times but after a while you adapt. Or not

[januishstory]

Almost every gardener I know wishes for a greenhouse. Maybe you dream of moving your seed-starting operation out of your spare bedroom and into an outdoor space. Or you may want to experiment with growing citrus trees that are too big for your cozy yet tiny home. I get it—whether you’re a beginner or veteran grower, a greenhouse is an exciting addition to your garden! However, it also presents new challenges and a sometimes steep learning curve. If you want to grow healthy plants in your greenhouse this year, you must know how to manage this space properly. I’ll cover a few essential tips involving maintaining the proper environment, selecting the right plants, and making the most of this unique growing space. What Is a Greenhouse? They are permanent structures with a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels. If you’re part of the gardening world, you’ve probably heard people throw around terms like greenhouse, hoop house, high tunnel, and cold frame to refer to protected growing spaces. Since people use these terms so loosely, it can be challenging to determine if they all mean the same thing or if each one has a distinctive definition. While I’m not here to manage how you use these terms, knowing the exact definitions of each structure can be helpful. A greenhouse is typically a permanent or semi-permanent structure designed to stay in the same place for years. It’s often constructed of a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels, and the structure is often set on a solid foundation. Although it’s not a requirement, many greenhouses contain heating and/or automated ventilation systems. High tunnels and hoop houses are semi-permanent structures that are easy to move. They consist of large metal hoops covered with a UV-resistant plastic layer. Although some high tunnels have heating and ventilation systems, most do not. To manage temperature and ventilation, you can raise and lower the plastic sides of the tunnel. Cold frames are small, season-extension structures that can take many shapes and forms. They typically cover a single garden bed and require manual ventilation to control temperature and moisture. Although some of the following beginner tips apply to all of these structures, I’ve written them with greenhouses in mind. Establish Your Desired Use If you plan to use your greenhouse solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Before buying and growing in a greenhouse, consider how you will use it. Do you envision it as a seed-starting space, a place to overwinter your cold-sensitive lemon trees, or a spot where you can grow tomatoes early in the season? As long as you set up the space appropriately, it’s okay to use your greenhouse for multiple purposes. Determining how you will use your greenhouse will help you select the proper structure and build it appropriately. For example, if you plan to use it solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Since you won’t be growing any larger plants, you’ll have space to build a potting bench, tables for seedlings, and shelves for storing pots and soil mix. Since you’ll regularly water seedling trays, consider covering dirt floors with gravel or landscape fabric to avoid soil splash and weed growth. However, if you mainly want to use the space to overwinter cold-sensitive plants like citrus, ginger, and figs, you’ll probably want a different layout. You’ll need open areas where tall plants can expand and an opening that allows you to move them in and out of the greenhouse easily. And if you want to grow plants in the ground, you’ll want an entirely different setup! Rather than building a concrete or gravel floor, you’ll want to develop rich soil or build raised beds. You’ll also want to consider irrigation systems and ensure pathways are large enough to accommodate harvest baskets or bins. The moral of the story? Think about how you plan to use your greenhouse before filling it with plants so you can avoid common beginner mistakes. Designing a proper layout and systems ahead of time can save you countless headaches down the road. Pay Attention to Moisture The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. Since greenhouses are closed structures, humidity is a major concern. While it’s possible for the humidity to get too low in a greenhouse, growers usually face the opposite problem. Irrigation and plant transpiration can lead to moisture buildup in closed greenhouses. This high humidity means plants are more likely to develop fungal diseases like powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold. Therefore, your goal is to keep the humidity at moderate to low levels. The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. They push out humid air and draw in dry air. Some greenhouses utilize sensors and automated systems to open vents and turn on fans when the greenhouse reaches a specific humidity level. However, you can manually open vents and turn on fans to decrease air moisture. Another option is adding a dehumidifier to your greenhouse. However, this won’t add a beneficial increase in airflow like fans and vents. If your greenhouse consistently has consistently high humidity, consider your irrigation practices. Watering your plants more than necessary will increase the air moisture levels. Plus, constantly moist soil will increase the likelihood of pests like fungus gnats. Regularly Scout for Pests Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. Since greenhouses are closed structures removed from the outside world, greenhouse-grown plants often face different pest pressures than their outdoor-grown counterparts. There are a few main reasons for these differences.  Absence of natural predators: Since greenhouses are mostly closed off from the outside world, natural predators like ladybugs, green lacewings, and hoverflies have difficulty entering. Therefore, the pests they feed on can quickly multiply. You can purchase and release natural predators, but be aware the predators will die or fly off when they run out of their food source. Favorable environment: Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. That means a few pests can quickly evolve into an outbreak. So, even if aphids or mealybugs aren’t a big deal in your cold garden in the late fall or winter, they can cause serious harm in the warm greenhouse. Closed from outdoors: Since your greenhouse is closed to the outdoors, the pests rarely escape. Instead, they continue to reproduce and feed on your greenhouse plants. One way to prevent pest damage is to regularly scout your greenhouse for unwelcome critters. Set aside 15 minutes each week to thoroughly inspect your plants. Turn over leaves and check the base of the plants near the soil. Note any insects and their numbers. If you’re not sure what the insects are, spend time figuring it out! Remember, not all insects are bad for your plants. Start by browsing through this list of common pests and common beneficial insects. Once you determine you’re dealing with a pest, you can take appropriate control measures. Removing the pests may be as simple as wiping the pests of your plants. Use a soapy rag and continuing to monitor their numbers. Avoid Sudden Swings in Temperature A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you maintain a relatively steady temperature. One major benefit of growing indoors is the ability to control and regulate temperature. With the help of a heater or a sunny day, the air inside your greenhouse can be 70°F (21°C), even if it’s below freezing outside. And if you’re not careful, the same greenhouse can reach over 100°F (38°C)! While you may be tempted to allow hot days to offset cold nights, you should avoid sudden temperature changes. It’s okay if the temperature is warmer during the day and cooler at night, but you shouldn’t see a swing of 50 degrees (10°C). A better option is maintaining a relatively steady temperature throughout the day and night. A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you accomplish this. Once the temperature reaches above 70 or 80°F (21-27°C) during the day, open vents and turn on fans to decrease the temperature. You can also use heaters during the night and program them to turn on when the temperature hits 50°F (10°C) or 40°F (4°C). When setting the temperature, remember that each plant has an ideal temperature range. Brassica and lettuce seedlings don’t mind temperatures near freezing, but many tropical plants experience stress when the temperature dips below 50°F (10°C). Select Proper Varieties Cucumbers are well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. If you’re growing in the ground in your greenhouse, pay attention to the varieties you select. This applies whether you’re growing tomatoes in the spring, lettuce in the winter, or citrus year-round. Since growers often plant vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers in protected culture, plant breeders have created varieties that thrive in these growing conditions. For example, there are cucumber varieties well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. Since greenhouse tomato plants remain dry but are often grown in high humidity, resistance to leaf mold and gray mold is more important than resistance to early blight. If you plan to grow greens like lettuce, kale, and spinach throughout the winter, you should also look for well-suited varieties. While you can try growing any variety in your protected structure, cultivars resistant to common greenhouse diseases, such as downy mildew, are more likely to perform well. Avoid Wet Leaves Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash. Since wet leaves can lead to fungal diseases, it’s best to keep plant foliage dry. This is especially important in a greenhouse since airflow is often limited, and disease can spread quickly in the confined space. Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash.A watering can, hose, or drip irrigation system can all provide proper irrigation. You can also choose to bottom water potted plants and trays filled with seedlings. If you’re growing plants in the grow, opt for drip irrigation instead of overhead watering. Drip emitters apply water directly to the soil and keep foliage dry. If you choose to water seedlings with a hose, ensure you provide excellent airflow to dry the foliage and prevent disease. I recommend running fans near your seedlings, especially if you utilize overhead irrigation. Keep a Journal You can use the information in your journal to fine-tune your practices and continually improve your garden. Although beginners think they’ll never forget that intense aphid outbreak or that impressive tomato harvest, it’s easy to forget greenhouse milestones, let alone minuscule details. That’s why I recommend using a journal to keep track of planting dates, temperatures, pest problems, and more. If you notice some of your plants show signs of disease or cold-damaged, you can look back on your notes to try to determine a cause. For example, you may realize you brought disease into your greenhouse when you moved outdoor plants inside. You can also look back on your journal year after year to remember planting dates, first harvest dates, and when seedlings were large enough to transplant outdoors. Then, you can use this information to fine-tune your greenhouse practices and advance from a beginner to an expert indoor grower. Source link

[axisdesigners1234]

The Future of Sustainable Architecture: Innovations by Axis Designers

In the face of growing environmental challenges, the architectural industry is undergoing a significant transformation. At the forefront of this change is Axis Designers, recognized as the Best Exhibition Company in India, committed to integrating sustainability into every aspect of its designs. This article explores the innovative approaches and groundbreaking projects of Axis Designers that are shaping the future of sustainable architecture.

Embracing Sustainable Design Principles

Axis Designers operates on the core belief that architecture should harmonize with the environment rather than disrupt it. This philosophy is evident in their commitment to sustainable design principles such as energy efficiency, the use of renewable materials, and minimal environmental impact. By incorporating these principles, Axis Designers ensures that their buildings not only meet the aesthetic and functional needs of their clients but also contribute positively to the environment. As the Best Exhibition Design Company in India, their projects reflect a deep understanding of sustainable practices.

Innovations in Green Building Technologies

One of the hallmarks of Axis Designers is their adoption of cutting-edge green building technologies. From solar panels and green roofs to rainwater harvesting systems and advanced insulation materials, the firm employs a variety of technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of their projects. Their use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for precise planning and efficient use of resources, ensuring that every project is as sustainable as possible. This approach cements their status as the Best Exhibition Service Provider in India.

Case Study: The Eco-Friendly Office Complex

A prime example of Axis Designers' commitment to sustainability is their recently completed Eco-Friendly Office Complex. This state-of-the-art building features a host of sustainable technologies, including solar panels that power the entire building, a green roof that provides insulation and reduces rainwater runoff, and a smart lighting system that adjusts based on natural light availability. The building's design also maximizes natural ventilation, reducing the need for artificial cooling. Projects like these showcases why Axis Designers is considered the Top Exhibition Design Company in India.

Community Engagement and Education

Axis Designers understands that sustainability extends beyond individual projects. They actively engage with communities to educate them about sustainable practices and the importance of green architecture. Through workshops, seminars, and collaborations with local organizations, Axis Designers fosters a culture of sustainability that inspires others to adopt eco-friendly practices.

The Future of Sustainable Architecture

Looking ahead, Axis Designers is poised to continue leading the charge in sustainable architecture. Their commitment to innovation and sustainability sets a benchmark for the industry, proving that it is possible to create beautiful, functional buildings that are also environmentally responsible. As the world grapples with the realities of climate change, the work of Axis Designers serves as a beacon of hope and a model for what sustainable architecture can achieve.

Conclusion

Axis Designers is not just an architectural firm; they are pioneers in the movement towards a more sustainable future. Their innovative designs and commitment to green building technologies are paving the way for a new era of architecture that prioritizes the health of our planet. With each project, Axis Designers demonstrates that sustainable architecture is not only achievable but also essential for our collective future.

[sappy-witch]

Wild Summer Foraged Tea 🍵☀️

Hello darlings 🥰

I just finished making a witchy Summer tea blend from local forgeables that I think you might enjoy ☀️

I started off by harvesting and preparing dandelion root and wild strawberry leaves and flowers to create a delightful tea blend infused with saffron, chamomile, lavender, and hibiscus I had dried before. Let's get started ✨

Step 1: Harvesting 🌱

☀️Choose a sunny day to venture out and harvest the ingredients directly from nature. 

🌿Dandelion Root: Dig around the base of the dandelion plant, gently loosening the soil with a garden fork or trowel. Carefully lift the root out of the ground, ensuring you have the entire root intact. 

💮 Wild Strawberry Leaves and Flowers: Look for wild strawberry plants and carefully pluck the leaves and flowers, choosing vibrant and healthy ones.

Here are my harvested dandelion roots and strawberry leaves and flowers. After thoroughly cleaning the dandelions, I saved the super nutritious leaves and stems for an allium and spice base of a future meal.

Step 2: Cleaning and Drying 🫧

🚿 Rinse the dandelion root, wild strawberry leaves, and flowers under cool running water to remove any dirt or debris. 

🍠 Separate into 2 trays; one with the strawberry flowers, leaves, and fine dandelion roots, and one with the sliced thicker dandelion roots 

🧽 Pat them dry using a clean towel or let them air dry for a few hours to remove excess moisture.

☀️ Place the ingredients on a tray or in a basket and leave them in a warm, well-ventilated area to dry completely. This process can take up to a week or two, depending on the humidity.

🔥Alternatively, dry them in a food dehydrator or in an open oven on a low heat.

Step 3: Creating Your Magical Tea Blend 🍵

🍵 Once the ingredients are fully dried, gather them along with any other herbs you would like to add. I added saffron, chamomile, lavender, and hibiscus to mine as it’s main function is to aid in female reproductive health.

🫙Mix the dried ingredients together, considering the desired ratios for each ingredient based on personal preference. Store your tea blend in a labeled airtight container, protecting it from moisture and light.

Magickal and Medicinal Properties ✨

🌺 Saffron: Enhances intuition, promotes spiritual growth, and adds a touch of luxurious flavor. Also helps regulate menstrual cycles, alleviate menstrual pain, and promote hormonal balance. I harvested mine in early Spring and added just 4 strings.

�� Chamomile: For peace. Also eases menstrual cramps and reduces PMS symptoms..

💜 Lavender: For relaxation, balance, and harmony. It also encourages emotional balance, supporting overall well-being.

🌺 Hibiscus: For love and divination. Also rich in antioxidants and can help support a healthy cardiovascular system, which is essential for optimal reproductive function.

🌱 Dandelion Root: To promote inner strength and resilience. Also supports hormone balance and aids in menstrual discomfort relief.  

💮 Wild Strawberry Leaves & Flowers: For joy and vitality, abundance and love. Also traditionally used to support healthy menstruation and alleviate PMS symptoms.

Embrace the magic of nature's bounty as you create this enchanting tea blend, honoring the healing and nourishing properties of each ingredient.

____

🌞 If you enjoy my posts, please consider donating to my energies 🌞

✨🔮 Request a Tarot Reading Here 🔮✨

____

With love, from a Sappy Witch 🔮💕

Blessed be. 🕊✨

[tuptastic]

current Transformers OC reference masterpost! (these references have been made over the course of the last year, so there’s some style changes)

Zephyr - the adoptive son of Ironhide, who’s got a penchant for taking in strays. Everyone is convinced he’s Bee’s kid, but no one talks about it. Scout who’s absolutely fascinated by the world around him. Has been taught a lot of bad habits by the twins, who were other foundlings of Ironhide. Is constantly trying to modify his visor to allow him access to things his visor shouldn’t have access to. Once dated an undercover Decepticon for like 3 months. His siblings won’t let him live it down. Has an electrical based outlier ability and can shock people through his hands and feet. The wiring on the side of his helm sparks when he’s frustrated.

Oracle - the son of Ratchet and a special op’s bot named Savvy (who has since been offlined in duty). The pseudo little brother to the Protectobots and Aerialbots - he is incredibly close to First Aid, as he has played a large role in his training. Sparked medic, and damn good at his job. Primarily works as a field medic. Tries to act serious and professional but he’s really, really not good at it. Will turn his emergency lights on to piss bots off when they’ve scorned him. Often is getting hauled around like a toddler by his older brothers. Courting Blitz, to the disappointment of Ratchet (Oracle does not care)

Blitz - Foundling of Bulkhead. Has also partially been raised by Wheeljack, as the two are close friends. Was also raised around the Autobots’ combiner teams, but the Aerialbots took much more of a shine to him due to his general attitude and behavior. Heavy hitter with a love for making pun jokes. Thinks the Wreckers are cool as all shit. Isn’t good with emotions, but will give hugs if you need them. he gives good hugs. Absolutely in love with Oracle, and thinks it’s hilarious that Ratchet is salty about them courting.

Ranger - Son of Optimus Prime and Elita One. Youngest sibling of Arcee and Hot Rod/Rodimus Prime. His spark separated way too early, and as such many essential systems failed to online or develop properly. He cannot take energon by mouth, and must have it introduced to his system via tubing, as well as requiring a form of ‘pacemaker’ to keep his spark working properly. His ventilation system often needs recalibrating and working to keep them cooling him properly. Too sweet for his own good, and sees the good in everyone. This often gets him into trouble. Got stranded with Stormshot of the Alpha Trine once, and helped save his life - leading them to fall helplessly in love with one another. He bullies Oracle relentlessly due to how often he is in the medbay (but they’re very good friends)

Nightlock - the oldest of the Alpha Trine and Megatron and Starscream’s sparklings. Was created as an attempt to combine the twos’ best qualities into a super soldier, but their seeker genetics caused the spark to split into the trine, spreading the traits among all three brothers. The golden child, and Megatron’s favorite. Keeps his mouth shut and does what he’s told. An absolute nightmare on the battlefield due to how adept he is at his job. Harsh and rough around the edges. 100% brainwashed by his sire. After his brothers left, he loses an optic to one of his sire’s fits, which frightens him into rethinking his entire life, enough to where he offers to become a double agent against Megatron. Changes his name to Nightwaker after the war

Stormshot - The middle mech of the Alpha Trine and Megatron and Starscream’s sparklings. Created as an attempt to combine the twos’ best qualities into a super soldier, but their seeker genetics caused the spark to split into the trine, spreading the traits among the brothers. Typically forgotten about by his creators. The hard hitter of his brothers. Absolutely massive in both height and weight. Despite it, he’s not fond of violence, and if it is not necessary he will not engage. He wanted to be a dancer, had he not been sparked during the war. Almost killed Prime’s kid when they got stranded together out of fear of being taken prisoner by the autobots. When Ranger let him go, he would end up forming a friendship that later turned to love towards him. Defects from the Decepticons to the Autobots to be with Ranger after his sire threatened his life one too many times. Would do anything for his brothers.

Crossfire - The youngest of the Alpha Trine and Megatron and Starscream’s sparklings. Created as an attempt to combine the twos’ best qualities into a super soldier, but their seeker genetics caused the spark to split into the trine, spreading the traits among the brothers. The scapegoat of the family. Has an outlier ability that affects his voice. The volume of his voice correlates to damage that can be done, almost akin to a sonic boom combined with directly damaging ones’ audials. He cannot shut it off, however, and wears an inhibitor device that will shock him if he raises his voice above an ‘acceptable level’ without being permitted by a higher ranked official, usually his creators. Speaks primarily in a whisper. Incredibly anxious, and suffers from panic attacks and severe self isolation. Defects to the Autobots after Stormshot does, when Megatron begins getting extremely violent with him and attempts to take his life. Has bouts of nonverbalism as a result of his trauma. Loves astronomy, and would like to learn medical skills, to save lives rather than take them. Small dude.

[roofvent]

Enhancing Home Ventilation with Turbine Roof Vents: The Solution to a Healthier Living Environment

A well-ventilated home is essential for maintaining a healthy and comfortable living environment. Adequate ventilation helps to remove excess moisture, prevent the buildup of indoor pollutants, and regulate indoor temperatures. One innovative solution that has gained popularity in recent years is the turbine roof vent, which offers efficient and natural ventilation for homes. This essay delves into the significance of turbine roof vents as a solution to home ventilation and highlights their benefits. Furthermore, it will explore the advantages of choosing professional installers, particularly those affiliated with IR Installers, to ensure the proper installation of these ventilation systems.

Importance of Home Ventilation

Proper home ventilation is crucial for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, it helps to maintain indoor air quality by reducing the concentration of pollutants and allergens that can accumulate in an enclosed space. These pollutants include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dust mites, mold spores, and various airborne contaminants, all of which can contribute to respiratory issues and other health problems. Additionally, a well-ventilated home prevents excessive humidity, which can lead to the growth of mold and mildew, causing structural damage and health risks.

Moreover, temperature regulation is a significant factor in home comfort. Adequate ventilation facilitates the circulation of fresh air, helping to prevent heat buildup in the summer and excessive cold in the winter. This, in turn, reduces the reliance on heating and cooling systems, leading to energy savings and a reduced carbon footprint.

Turbine Roof Vents: A Natural Ventilation Solution

Turbine roof vents, commonly referred to as "whirlybirds," are innovative devices designed to harness the power of wind to facilitate natural ventilation in homes. These vents consist of a rotating turbine installed on the roof, which rotates with even the slightest breeze, creating a negative pressure that draws stale air and moisture out of the living space. Fresh air is then drawn in through open windows or other vents, promoting air exchange and maintaining a balanced indoor environment.

One notable advantage of turbine roof vents is their energy efficiency. Unlike electrically powered ventilation systems, turbine vents operate solely based on wind energy, requiring no additional power source. This makes them an eco-friendly option that can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption and utility costs.

Benefits of Turbine Roof Vents

Turbine roof vents offer a range of benefits that make them an appealing choice for homeowners seeking effective ventilation solutions:

Energy Efficiency: As mentioned earlier, turbine vents are entirely wind-powered, reducing reliance on electricity and promoting sustainable living.

Cost-Effectiveness: The initial installation cost of turbine vents is relatively low compared to other ventilation systems. Additionally, their maintenance requirements are minimal, further lowering long-term costs.

Low Maintenance: Turbine roof vents have few moving parts and are designed to be self-lubricating, requiring little to no maintenance over their lifespan.

Continuous Ventilation: Since they operate based on wind, turbine vents provide continuous ventilation without interruptions, ensuring a steady supply of fresh air.

5. Moisture and Mold Prevention: By expelling humid air, turbine vents help to prevent the growth of mold and mildew, safeguarding both the structural integrity of the home and the health of its occupants.

6. Noise-Free Operation: Modern turbine vents are designed to operate silently, eliminating the potential noise disturbances associated with some mechanical ventilation systems.

The Role of Professional Installers

While turbine roof vents offer a straightforward solution to home ventilation, proper installation is essential to ensure their optimal performance. Professional installers bring expertise and experience to the installation process, ensuring that the vents are correctly placed and securely fastened to the roof. Additionally, professional installers can assess the specific ventilation needs of a home and recommend the appropriate number and placement of turbine vents to achieve the best results.

IR Installers: The Preferred Choice

When considering the installation of turbine roof vents, opting for IR Installers is a prudent choice. IR Installers are recognized as leaders in the industry, specializing in the installation of a variety of ventilation systems, including turbine roof vents. Their affiliation with www.twirlybirds.co.za, a reputable source for quality ventilation products, further establishes their expertise in the field.

By choosing IR Installers, homeowners can benefit from:

Expertise: IR Installers possess a deep understanding of ventilation requirements and can tailor solutions to meet the specific needs of each home.

Professionalism: With a proven track record, IR Installers are known for their professionalism, punctuality, and attention to detail throughout the installation process.

Quality Assurance: The partnership between IR Installers and www.twirlybirds.co.za ensures access to high-quality turbine roof vents, backed by warranties and reliable customer support.

Compliance and Safety: Professional installers adhere to industry standards and safety guidelines, ensuring that the installation process is safe and compliant with regulations.

In conclusion, maintaining a well-ventilated home is pivotal for the health, comfort, and longevity of both the residents and the structure itself. Turbine roof vents, with their natural and energy-efficient approach to ventilation, offer an effective solution to these needs. Their ability to promote air exchange, regulate temperature, and prevent moisture-related issues makes them a compelling choice for homeowners. When considering the installation of turbine roof vents, engaging the services of professional installers is essential to ensure the vents' proper functioning and longevity.

Among these professional installers, IR Installers stand out as a preferred and recommended choice. Their expertise, affiliation with IR Installers, and commitment to quality ensure that homeowners receive a ventilation solution that enhances their living environment while aligning with sustainable and energy-efficient practices. By embracing the benefits of turbine roof vents and prioritizing professional installation, homeowners can create a healthier, more comfortable, and more sustainable home for themselves and their families.

[a-confused-spoon]

I agree with most of this take, with one exception:

The issue with Caitlyn's support for the undercity isn't necessarily that it's linked to Vi- although that's absolutely true as far as season 2 goes, like OP says.

The main problem is that Caitlyn seems to have absolute faith in the system her family and profession uphold, meaning she never really understood (and apparently never gets to understand) that it's that very system that made Zaun what it is.

This is best shown in season 1, ironically.

For example, Cait knows that enforcers have beat the fuck out of Vi in prison and that they killed her family, yet when Ekko mentions that Silco pays them to hunt the firelights down, she looks at him dead in the eye and says "that's impossible, you're wrong"; on the bridge she tells Ekko to trust Marcus, who she knows doesn't give much of a shit about zaunites (think of the henchman scene of 1x04 after Jinx's attack) and when it turns out that, surprise surprise, Ekko was right, she immediately assumes that it must've been because of his daughter- which is true to a degree, however that became an element at play only after episode 6 and Marcus was working for Silco literally the entire time for nothing other than selfishness, and it doesn't really cross Caitlyn's head that there could've been another reason other than his kid.

To make a better example, during the Council meeting, what Caitlyn tells the councilors is essentially "Hey, you might not know this, but x y and z is going on and you must do something!"... basically she assumed that the reason things got so bad down there was mere ignorance, at least for the most part.

And when they come to the conclusion that negotiating with Silco might be the best option, she doesn't really say anything and Vi is the only one getting mad; when Cait then goes after her, she tells her "we'll make a new plan", not understanding that it's not a matter of appealing to the councilors or getting more information, it's about the fact is that the people in that room simply don't care enough about the lives of zaunites and its quality to make them a priority- which is exactly what Vi does understand, hence why she says there's no point in trying again.

And frankly, it would've been neat to have Caitlyn find out that her mother was in this cycle of corruption; I said it before and I'll say it again, the ventilation system she funded changes nothing about her character that we were shown in season 1.

Don't kill me, but I feel like the biggest issue that this season had, as far as the Caitlyn - Vi - Jinx situation goes, is that they completely forgot/lost track of what was the bigger situation these characters were in and what role they played in said bigger socio-political context, and instead made these arcs all, yes, deeply personal... but also only that... they feel completely isolated from the bigger picture, titles aside.

dont kill me for saying this but i kinda think jayvik did the piltover-zaun relationship thing better than caitvi, especially in the second season. to me some of caitlyn's empathy towards zaunites seems to be linked to her relationship with vi. she's sympathetic towards them because she cares about vi and in season 2 we can see that this has its limits. when vi joins her squad she's more than comfortable with gassing undercity citizens to find jinx at all cost. and jayce also sometimes slips up and shows contempt for the people in zaun, mostly because of his lack of perspective on the issue and the pressure that the terrorist attacks place on him as a council member. but viktor calls him out on this in the bridge scene and jayce immediately apologizes

not only that, but jayce later takes care to include him in the council meeting when discussing zaun's independence and calls attention to him during that meeting. he's symbolically presenting zaun as equal to piltover by calling viktor his partner and a zaunite. given how often vi and vander did the forehead touch thing, it's possible that that's also a zaunite gesture which gives more meaning to jayce pulling viktor into it in the astral plane. he respects viktor's identity as a zaunite and makes sure that viktor knows it

during caitlyn and jayce's conversation in the garden when caitlyn thinks about getting revenge for her mother she says that she finds it easy to hate them, but that remembering vi is what pulls her back from that. and i think it says a lot about how much they dropped the ball with caitlyn's character that there was so much less lasting tension between her and vi in the second season even though caitlyn was so much more radicalized in her position. i just wish theyd really challenged caitlyn on her support for the people of zaun being conditional

[samaira132187]

Understanding AC Ducts: The Backbone of Efficient Cooling Systems

In modern HVAC systems, air conditioning (AC) ducts play a critical role in ensuring effective cooling and ventilation in residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. These ducts act as the passageways for air to circulate, providing comfort and maintaining optimal indoor air quality. Understanding the importance, types, and ac duct manufacturing factory in UAE is essential for anyone considering an HVAC installation or upgrade.

What Are AC Ducts?

AC ducts are an integral part of any air conditioning system. These ducts are responsible for delivering cooled or heated air from the HVAC unit to various rooms and areas. They also help maintain consistent airflow and temperature throughout the building. Properly designed and installed AC ducts contribute significantly to the energy efficiency and performance of the entire system.

Types of AC Ducts

Rigid Ducts: These are made of solid materials like galvanized steel or aluminum and are known for durability. They are often insulated to prevent heat loss or gain.

Flexible Ducts: Made of flexible plastic or metal, these are lightweight and easier to install in tight spaces. However, they may require more careful handling to avoid damage.

Fabric Ducts: Often used in industrial or commercial settings, fabric ducts allow for even air distribution and are available in various designs.

Each type of duct serves a specific purpose, and choosing the right one depends on factors like the building’s layout, cooling needs, and budget.

Importance of High-Quality AC Ducts

Investing in high-quality AC ducts is vital for:

Energy Efficiency: Well-sealed and insulated ducts reduce energy waste.

Improved Air Quality: Proper ducts prevent the accumulation of dust, allergens, and mold.

Cost Savings: Efficient ducts lower utility bills by reducing energy consumption.

Durability: High-quality materials ensure longer service life with fewer repairs.

AC Duct Manufacturing in the UAE

The UAE has become a hub for advanced HVAC solutions, including the manufacturing of AC ducts. With a growing demand for energy-efficient cooling systems, AC duct manufacturing factories in the UAE are setting benchmarks in quality and innovation. These factories produce a wide range of ducts tailored to meet the region's specific needs, including resistance to high temperatures and sand particles.

UAE manufacturers focus on using sustainable materials and advanced technologies to ensure their products comply with international standards. Their offerings include pre-insulated ducts, custom-designed solutions, and lightweight options for modern buildings.

Why Choose an AC Duct Manufacturing Factory in the UAE?

High Standards: Factories in the UAE adhere to stringent quality controls, ensuring reliable products.

Customization: Many manufacturers offer bespoke solutions to meet unique project requirements.

Sustainability: Using eco-friendly materials and processes reduces the environmental impact.

Competitive Pricing: The region's thriving HVAC industry provides cost-effective options without compromising quality.

Maintaining Your AC Ducts

To ensure the longevity and performance of your AC ducts:

Schedule regular cleaning to prevent dust buildup.

Inspect for leaks or damages and seal them promptly.

Replace old or inefficient ducts to enhance system efficiency.

Conclusion

AC ducts are more than just conduits for air—they are a vital component of any HVAC system that influences energy efficiency, comfort, and air quality. With the growing emphasis on sustainable and high-performance cooling systems, AC duct manufacturing factories in the UAE are at the forefront of delivering innovative solutions. Whether you’re constructing a new building or upgrading an existing HVAC system, investing in quality AC ducts from trusted UAE manufacturers is a wise decision for long-term benefits.

By prioritizing the right ducts and maintaining them properly, you can ensure an efficient and cost-effective cooling system for years to come.

[repelprotect]

What Is the Most Effective Pest Control for Cockroaches?

Cockroaches are among the most resilient and persistent pests that homeowners and businesses encounter. Their ability to adapt to various environments, reproduce rapidly, and survive without food for extended periods makes them challenging to control. This blog explores the most effective pest control methods for cockroaches, offering insights into prevention, chemical treatments, natural remedies, and professional extermination services.

Pest Control Nairobi

Key Points:

Understanding Cockroach Behavior and Habits

Prevention: The First Line of Defense

Chemical Treatments: A Direct Approach

Natural Remedies: Eco-Friendly Alternatives

Professional Pest Control Services

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A Comprehensive Strategy

Maintaining a Cockroach-Free Environment

1. Understanding Cockroach Behavior and Habits

To effectively combat cockroach infestations, it is crucial to understand their behavior and habits:

Nocturnal Creatures: Cockroaches are primarily active at night, searching for food and water in dark spaces.

Habitat Preference: They thrive in warm, moist environments such as kitchens, bathrooms, and basements.

Omnivorous Diet: Cockroaches consume almost anything, from food crumbs to paper and even soap.

Rapid Reproduction: A single cockroach can produce hundreds of offspring within a few months.

Understanding these traits helps identify infestation signs and target their hiding spots effectively.

2. Prevention: The First Line of Defense

Preventing cockroach infestations is often the most effective and cost-efficient approach. Key preventive measures include:

Sanitation: Keep your living space clean by regularly vacuuming, mopping floors, and wiping down countertops.

Food Storage: Store food in airtight containers and clean up spills promptly.

Seal Entry Points: Repair cracks, crevices, and gaps in walls, doors, and windows to prevent cockroaches from entering.

Reduce Moisture: Fix leaky pipes, use dehumidifiers, and ensure proper ventilation in damp areas.

Declutter: Minimize clutter to eliminate potential hiding places for cockroaches.

3. Chemical Treatments: A Direct Approach

Chemical treatments are one of the most widely used methods for controlling cockroach populations. These treatments include:

Insecticidal Sprays: Applied directly to infested areas, these sprays kill cockroaches on contact.

Baits: Cockroach baits, often in gel or trap form, contain poison that the pests carry back to their nests, effectively targeting entire colonies.

Dusts: Diatomaceous earth and boric acid are common dusts that disrupt cockroaches’ exoskeletons, leading to dehydration and death.

Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs): These chemicals prevent cockroach larvae from maturing, reducing reproduction rates.

Pest Control Nairobi

While effective, chemical treatments require careful handling to ensure safety for humans and pets. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and consider using professional-grade products for severe infestations.

4. Natural Remedies: Eco-Friendly Alternatives

For those seeking non-toxic solutions, natural remedies can help control cockroach populations:

Baking Soda and Sugar: A mixture of baking soda and sugar acts as bait. When ingested, it disrupts the cockroach’s digestive system.

Essential Oils: Oils such as peppermint, eucalyptus, and tea tree have repellent properties. Mix with water and spray in areas where cockroaches are seen.

Cucumber Slices: Fresh cucumber slices can deter cockroaches when placed in infested areas.

Soapy Water: A simple solution of soapy water can kill cockroaches on contact by suffocating them.

While natural remedies may not eradicate a large infestation, they can complement other pest control methods and reduce chemical exposure.

5. Professional Pest Control Services

When infestations are severe or persistent, professional pest control services offer the most reliable solution. Pest control experts:

Conduct Thorough Inspections: Professionals identify the type of cockroach, the extent of the infestation, and entry points.

Use Advanced Treatments: They apply specialized chemicals and techniques that are often unavailable to consumers.

Provide Long-Term Solutions: Experts offer guidance on preventing future infestations and may schedule follow-up visits to ensure effectiveness.

Hiring a reputable pest control company ensures that the infestation is addressed comprehensively and safely.

6. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A Comprehensive Strategy

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines multiple pest control methods for a holistic approach. IPM focuses on:

Monitoring: Regularly inspecting areas for signs of cockroaches.

Prevention: Emphasizing sanitation and exclusion techniques.

Targeted Control: Using chemical and natural treatments judiciously.

Evaluation: Continuously assessing the effectiveness of control measures.

IPM minimizes the use of harmful chemicals and promotes sustainable pest control practices.

7. Maintaining a Cockroach-Free Environment

After successfully eliminating cockroaches, maintaining a clean and secure environment is essential to prevent re-infestation:

Regular Cleaning: Continue to keep all surfaces clean and free of food debris.

Inspect Deliveries: Check packages, groceries, and second-hand items for cockroach eggs or insects before bringing them inside.

Monitor for Signs: Be vigilant for droppings, egg casings, or live cockroaches.

Schedule Periodic Inspections: If you’ve experienced infestations in the past, periodic checks by professionals can provide peace of mind.

Pest Control Nairobi

Conclusion

The most effective pest control for cockroaches combines prevention, chemical treatments, natural remedies, and professional assistance. While preventive measures and natural remedies work well for minor issues, severe infestations often require professional intervention. Integrated Pest Management offers a sustainable and comprehensive solution for keeping cockroaches at bay. By understanding cockroach behavior, implementing the right strategies, and maintaining cleanliness, you can ensure a pest-free environment for your home or business.

[canthermdistributors]

Explore Top Portable Heaters for Efficient Heating Solutions Anywhere

Portable heaters are versatile and reliable solutions for various heating needs, whether you're dealing with chilly outdoor conditions, working in a construction zone, or need temporary heat in a large indoor space. When looking for efficient heating solutions, Arcotherm Portable Heaters stand out for their power, portability, and ease of use. As one of the leading names in portable heating, Cantherm Distributors offers top-of-the-line heating products that meet diverse heat requirements. Let’s explore the top portable heaters that can deliver efficient and effective warmth wherever you need it.

Why Choose Portable Heaters?

Portable heaters are the perfect solution for both residential and commercial spaces. Their flexibility allows you to easily move them to different areas, offering comfort wherever necessary. Here are some reasons why portable heaters are essential:

Versatility and PortabilityPortable heaters can be easily moved from room to room or used at different outdoor locations. Whether you're looking for a heater for a workshop, garage, or outdoor event, portable heaters give you the flexibility to create a comfortable environment quickly.

Efficient HeatingModern portable heaters are designed for maximum efficiency. They provide concentrated heat where it's needed most, without having to waste energy heating an entire building. This can lead to cost savings, especially when heating smaller, specific areas.

Instant HeatUnlike traditional heating systems that take time to warm up, portable heaters provide instant heat. They’re particularly useful in situations where immediate warmth is necessary.

Top Arcotherm Portable Heaters

Arcotherm Portable Heaters are among the best in the market for a reason. Known for their durability and high-performance features, these heaters are ideal for a variety of heating needs. Here’s a look at some top Arcotherm portable heater models:

1. Arcotherm Jumbo Series Portable Heaters

The Arcotherm Jumbo Series is renowned for its powerful performance, making it ideal for larger spaces. These heaters are designed for heavy-duty use, providing high heat output to efficiently warm industrial and commercial areas. Whether you’re heating an outdoor construction site, warehouse, or a large event space, the Jumbo Series delivers reliable and consistent heat, no matter the weather conditions.

Key Features:

High heat output for larger spaces

Robust construction for durability

Easy to transport and set up

Adjustable temperature settings for tailored heating

2. Arcotherm Indirect-Fired Portable Heaters

For those in need of a heater that ensures safe, clean warmth without direct exposure to combustion gases, Arcotherm Indirect-Fired Portable Heaters are a top choice. These models are designed to draw in fresh air, heat it, and then distribute it into the environment, making them perfect for areas where ventilation is important, such as warehouses, garages, and event tents.

Key Features:

Safe heating for enclosed areas

Energy-efficient with reduced fuel consumption

No emissions or combustion gases in the heated air

Ideal for construction sites, warehouses, and other industrial applications

3. Arcotherm Direct-Fired Heaters

For more intense, immediate heat in open-air environments, Arcotherm Direct-Fired Heaters are an excellent option. These models are perfect for large outdoor spaces such as event venues, factories, and warehouses. They operate by directly burning fuel to generate heat and quickly warm the surroundings.

Key Features:

Quick heat delivery

Perfect for outdoor events and construction areas

Rugged design for demanding environments

Easy to operate with minimal maintenance

Cantherm Distributors: Your Source for Quality Portable Heaters

Cantherm Distributors is a trusted name when it comes to high-quality heating products, including Arcotherm Portable Heaters. As authorized distributors, Cantherm ensures that you have access to the best portable heating solutions that cater to your specific heat requirements. Whether you need heaters for residential or industrial use, Cantherm offers a wide selection of products designed for reliability, efficiency, and convenience.

Their knowledgeable team can help you find the right heater based on your space size, energy requirements, and preferred fuel type. In addition to Arcotherm Portable Heaters, Cantherm also provides expert advice, installation support, and maintenance services, ensuring that your heating system functions at optimal efficiency.

How to Choose the Right Portable Heater

When selecting the perfect portable heater for your needs, consider the following factors:

Heat OutputMake sure the heater provides enough heat for your space. The required heat output will depend on the size of the area you want to warm. A larger space will need a more powerful heater.

Energy SourceDifferent portable heaters use various energy sources, including propane, electricity, and diesel. Choose one based on your preference and available resources. Electric heaters are ideal for indoor use, while propane or diesel options are better for outdoor environments.

PortabilityIf you need to move your heater from location to location, opt for a model that is easy to transport. Look for features like handles, wheels, or lightweight design.

Safety FeaturesEnsure that the heater you choose has important safety features such as automatic shut-off switches, overheating protection, and proper ventilation, especially for direct-fired heaters.

Conclusion

Portable heaters are an essential tool for efficiently providing warmth in a variety of settings, from residential spaces to industrial job sites. Arcotherm Portable Heaters offer excellent performance, reliability, and flexibility to meet different heat requirements, ensuring that your space stays comfortable and warm. By choosing the right model and working with Cantherm Distributors, you can rest assured that you're investing in high-quality and energy-efficient heating solutions. When you’re ready to select a portable heater, be sure to consider factors such as space size, energy source, and portability. Whether you need to heat an outdoor event, warehouse, or construction site, there’s a perfect portable heater for your needs. For more information or to find the best portable heating solution, Contact us today and let Cantherm Distributors help you choose the ideal heater for your space.

[darko-china]

Optimizing Bag Filter Systems: Key Dust Hood Design Elements

The design of the dust hood directly impacts the airflow and pressure requirements of the entire dust collection system. A well-designed dust hood can significantly reduce the number of ducts, decrease the footprint of the dust collection equipment, and lower the power required for the fans. This not only reduces maintenance and energy consumption but also effectively lowers the overall installation and operating costs of the system.

To assess the effectiveness of existing dust hoods, it is essential to clarify their specific requirements first.

1. Dust Hood Design

The design of the dust hood aims to balance multiple factors to achieve optimal system performance. These factors include maximizing emission control, minimizing airflow requirements, reducing pressure loss (energy consumption), and minimizing impacts on process efficiency and worker productivity.

Since these factors are interrelated, manufacturers should conduct a comprehensive review of the dust-generating processes, the dust itself, and the interaction between operators and processes to determine the performance requirements of the dust hood. Additionally, the design must identify and consider factors such as dust particle size, process momentum or energy, and any potential dust hazards.

For example, heat generated during welding causes surrounding air and smoke to rise quickly. This movement or energy must be considered in the dust hood design. At the same time, designers should pay attention to external air sources that may affect hood performance, such as mechanical movement, material movement, operator activities, and natural indoor airflow.

It is important to note that excessive air extraction can negatively impact the design and performance of the dust hood. For instance, excessive airflow can disrupt the protective gas in the welding torch, potentially reducing welding quality. In CNC machining applications, too much air extraction can lead to more oil mist being captured, shortening filter lifespan or increasing maintenance frequency.

Once the design parameters are collected and the application context is understood, manufacturers can use this information to determine the capture velocity needed for effective dust collection.

2. Choosing the Right Type of Dust Hood

In practice, local ventilation (capturing dust at the source or nearby) is the best choice because it requires less energy and limits dust dispersion in the work environment. Different applications require different styles or methods of dust hoods. Therefore, matching the right type of dust hood to specific applications is crucial for achieving ideal performance.

Although dust hoods vary in size and shape, they mainly fall into three basic types: external hoods, enclosed hoods, and capture hoods.

External Dust Hoods

External dust hoods capture airborne dust generated from points outside the hood. Common forms include extraction arms, slot hoods, and simple open ducts. These hoods work best when dust is released at low momentum and within the hood's effective range. Typical applications include processes like welding.

The advantage of external dust hoods is that they usually require less airflow, leading to lower energy consumption. Their design is simpler, and the manufacturing and installation costs are lower. However, external dust hoods need larger airflow when positioned far from the emission source, meaning they must often be relatively close to operate efficiently.

Best practices for using external dust hoods include combining them with peripheral flanges and a gradually tapered design from the hood to the duct to enhance capture velocity and reduce pressure loss at the hood.

Enclosed Dust Hoods

Enclosed dust hoods surround the emission source with one side fully or partially open. These hoods are suitable for situations where local ventilation is impractical due to interference, part size, or high emission rates. Common applications include sandblasting, spray booths, and CNC machining.

The main advantage of enclosed dust hoods is their ability to effectively control dust inside, preventing it from spreading outside and protecting worker safety. They can effectively control larger spaces by drawing in air through small openings. However, enclosed designs are not always practical or cost-effective, especially when workers need direct access to parts, which may require additional personal protective equipment.

When designing enclosed dust hoods, it is crucial to ensure that the entering velocity at all open areas is sufficient to prevent dust overflow. A proper balance must be found, as excessive air extraction can affect pressure and increase the load on dust collection equipment, shortening filter lifespan.

Capture Dust Hoods

Capture dust hoods are designed to use power or the dust's own forces to capture it inside the hood. Common examples include side hoods that capture wheel emissions using inertial forces or umbrella-shaped hoods that capture dust through thermal uplift.

The advantage of capture dust hoods is that they can effectively capture fumes near the source using process parameters, allowing for low airflow. However, these hoods rely on stable process and environmental conditions to operate correctly.

3. Considerations for Dust Hood Design

Dust hood design is a critical part of dust collection system design. A well-designed dust hood can effectively control dust dispersion while using a smaller airflow. Conversely, a poorly designed hood may fail to achieve the desired results.

Therefore, the setup of dust hoods should follow these basic principles:

Prevent Dust Dispersion: The setup should aim to prevent dust from spreading to the surrounding environment, utilizing the motion of polluted airflow as much as possible for suction.

Avoid High Dust Areas: The hood should not be placed in areas with high dust concentrations to avoid inhaling large amounts of dust.

Leave Buffer Space: The hood should allow for some space to reduce positive pressure, and the contraction angle when connecting to ducts should not exceed 60°.

Enclose Dust Sources: The hood should enclose dust sources as much as possible to limit dust dispersion and facilitate dust capture, thereby reducing airflow needs.

Simple Structure: The dust hood should have a simple structure for easy installation, not interfere with process operations, and allow for convenient maintenance.

By following these principles, dust hood design can effectively enhance the performance of dust collection systems and ensure worker health and safety.

For more information or to consult our professional services, please feel free to contact us. We look forward to collaborating with you to improve your production environment!

[tameblog]

Almost every gardener I know wishes for a greenhouse. Maybe you dream of moving your seed-starting operation out of your spare bedroom and into an outdoor space. Or you may want to experiment with growing citrus trees that are too big for your cozy yet tiny home. I get it—whether you’re a beginner or veteran grower, a greenhouse is an exciting addition to your garden! However, it also presents new challenges and a sometimes steep learning curve. If you want to grow healthy plants in your greenhouse this year, you must know how to manage this space properly. I’ll cover a few essential tips involving maintaining the proper environment, selecting the right plants, and making the most of this unique growing space. What Is a Greenhouse? They are permanent structures with a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels. If you’re part of the gardening world, you’ve probably heard people throw around terms like greenhouse, hoop house, high tunnel, and cold frame to refer to protected growing spaces. Since people use these terms so loosely, it can be challenging to determine if they all mean the same thing or if each one has a distinctive definition. While I’m not here to manage how you use these terms, knowing the exact definitions of each structure can be helpful. A greenhouse is typically a permanent or semi-permanent structure designed to stay in the same place for years. It’s often constructed of a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels, and the structure is often set on a solid foundation. Although it’s not a requirement, many greenhouses contain heating and/or automated ventilation systems. High tunnels and hoop houses are semi-permanent structures that are easy to move. They consist of large metal hoops covered with a UV-resistant plastic layer. Although some high tunnels have heating and ventilation systems, most do not. To manage temperature and ventilation, you can raise and lower the plastic sides of the tunnel. Cold frames are small, season-extension structures that can take many shapes and forms. They typically cover a single garden bed and require manual ventilation to control temperature and moisture. Although some of the following beginner tips apply to all of these structures, I’ve written them with greenhouses in mind. Establish Your Desired Use If you plan to use your greenhouse solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Before buying and growing in a greenhouse, consider how you will use it. Do you envision it as a seed-starting space, a place to overwinter your cold-sensitive lemon trees, or a spot where you can grow tomatoes early in the season? As long as you set up the space appropriately, it’s okay to use your greenhouse for multiple purposes. Determining how you will use your greenhouse will help you select the proper structure and build it appropriately. For example, if you plan to use it solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Since you won’t be growing any larger plants, you’ll have space to build a potting bench, tables for seedlings, and shelves for storing pots and soil mix. Since you’ll regularly water seedling trays, consider covering dirt floors with gravel or landscape fabric to avoid soil splash and weed growth. However, if you mainly want to use the space to overwinter cold-sensitive plants like citrus, ginger, and figs, you’ll probably want a different layout. You’ll need open areas where tall plants can expand and an opening that allows you to move them in and out of the greenhouse easily. And if you want to grow plants in the ground, you’ll want an entirely different setup! Rather than building a concrete or gravel floor, you’ll want to develop rich soil or build raised beds. You’ll also want to consider irrigation systems and ensure pathways are large enough to accommodate harvest baskets or bins. The moral of the story? Think about how you plan to use your greenhouse before filling it with plants so you can avoid common beginner mistakes. Designing a proper layout and systems ahead of time can save you countless headaches down the road. Pay Attention to Moisture The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. Since greenhouses are closed structures, humidity is a major concern. While it’s possible for the humidity to get too low in a greenhouse, growers usually face the opposite problem. Irrigation and plant transpiration can lead to moisture buildup in closed greenhouses. This high humidity means plants are more likely to develop fungal diseases like powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold. Therefore, your goal is to keep the humidity at moderate to low levels. The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. They push out humid air and draw in dry air. Some greenhouses utilize sensors and automated systems to open vents and turn on fans when the greenhouse reaches a specific humidity level. However, you can manually open vents and turn on fans to decrease air moisture. Another option is adding a dehumidifier to your greenhouse. However, this won’t add a beneficial increase in airflow like fans and vents. If your greenhouse consistently has consistently high humidity, consider your irrigation practices. Watering your plants more than necessary will increase the air moisture levels. Plus, constantly moist soil will increase the likelihood of pests like fungus gnats. Regularly Scout for Pests Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. Since greenhouses are closed structures removed from the outside world, greenhouse-grown plants often face different pest pressures than their outdoor-grown counterparts. There are a few main reasons for these differences.  Absence of natural predators: Since greenhouses are mostly closed off from the outside world, natural predators like ladybugs, green lacewings, and hoverflies have difficulty entering. Therefore, the pests they feed on can quickly multiply. You can purchase and release natural predators, but be aware the predators will die or fly off when they run out of their food source. Favorable environment: Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. That means a few pests can quickly evolve into an outbreak. So, even if aphids or mealybugs aren’t a big deal in your cold garden in the late fall or winter, they can cause serious harm in the warm greenhouse. Closed from outdoors: Since your greenhouse is closed to the outdoors, the pests rarely escape. Instead, they continue to reproduce and feed on your greenhouse plants. One way to prevent pest damage is to regularly scout your greenhouse for unwelcome critters. Set aside 15 minutes each week to thoroughly inspect your plants. Turn over leaves and check the base of the plants near the soil. Note any insects and their numbers. If you’re not sure what the insects are, spend time figuring it out! Remember, not all insects are bad for your plants. Start by browsing through this list of common pests and common beneficial insects. Once you determine you’re dealing with a pest, you can take appropriate control measures. Removing the pests may be as simple as wiping the pests of your plants. Use a soapy rag and continuing to monitor their numbers. Avoid Sudden Swings in Temperature A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you maintain a relatively steady temperature. One major benefit of growing indoors is the ability to control and regulate temperature. With the help of a heater or a sunny day, the air inside your greenhouse can be 70°F (21°C), even if it’s below freezing outside. And if you’re not careful, the same greenhouse can reach over 100°F (38°C)! While you may be tempted to allow hot days to offset cold nights, you should avoid sudden temperature changes. It’s okay if the temperature is warmer during the day and cooler at night, but you shouldn’t see a swing of 50 degrees (10°C). A better option is maintaining a relatively steady temperature throughout the day and night. A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you accomplish this. Once the temperature reaches above 70 or 80°F (21-27°C) during the day, open vents and turn on fans to decrease the temperature. You can also use heaters during the night and program them to turn on when the temperature hits 50°F (10°C) or 40°F (4°C). When setting the temperature, remember that each plant has an ideal temperature range. Brassica and lettuce seedlings don’t mind temperatures near freezing, but many tropical plants experience stress when the temperature dips below 50°F (10°C). Select Proper Varieties Cucumbers are well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. If you’re growing in the ground in your greenhouse, pay attention to the varieties you select. This applies whether you’re growing tomatoes in the spring, lettuce in the winter, or citrus year-round. Since growers often plant vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers in protected culture, plant breeders have created varieties that thrive in these growing conditions. For example, there are cucumber varieties well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. Since greenhouse tomato plants remain dry but are often grown in high humidity, resistance to leaf mold and gray mold is more important than resistance to early blight. If you plan to grow greens like lettuce, kale, and spinach throughout the winter, you should also look for well-suited varieties. While you can try growing any variety in your protected structure, cultivars resistant to common greenhouse diseases, such as downy mildew, are more likely to perform well. Avoid Wet Leaves Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash. Since wet leaves can lead to fungal diseases, it’s best to keep plant foliage dry. This is especially important in a greenhouse since airflow is often limited, and disease can spread quickly in the confined space. Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash.A watering can, hose, or drip irrigation system can all provide proper irrigation. You can also choose to bottom water potted plants and trays filled with seedlings. If you’re growing plants in the grow, opt for drip irrigation instead of overhead watering. Drip emitters apply water directly to the soil and keep foliage dry. If you choose to water seedlings with a hose, ensure you provide excellent airflow to dry the foliage and prevent disease. I recommend running fans near your seedlings, especially if you utilize overhead irrigation. Keep a Journal You can use the information in your journal to fine-tune your practices and continually improve your garden. Although beginners think they’ll never forget that intense aphid outbreak or that impressive tomato harvest, it’s easy to forget greenhouse milestones, let alone minuscule details. That’s why I recommend using a journal to keep track of planting dates, temperatures, pest problems, and more. If you notice some of your plants show signs of disease or cold-damaged, you can look back on your notes to try to determine a cause. For example, you may realize you brought disease into your greenhouse when you moved outdoor plants inside. You can also look back on your journal year after year to remember planting dates, first harvest dates, and when seedlings were large enough to transplant outdoors. Then, you can use this information to fine-tune your greenhouse practices and advance from a beginner to an expert indoor grower. Source link

[ramestoryworld]

Almost every gardener I know wishes for a greenhouse. Maybe you dream of moving your seed-starting operation out of your spare bedroom and into an outdoor space. Or you may want to experiment with growing citrus trees that are too big for your cozy yet tiny home. I get it—whether you’re a beginner or veteran grower, a greenhouse is an exciting addition to your garden! However, it also presents new challenges and a sometimes steep learning curve. If you want to grow healthy plants in your greenhouse this year, you must know how to manage this space properly. I’ll cover a few essential tips involving maintaining the proper environment, selecting the right plants, and making the most of this unique growing space. What Is a Greenhouse? They are permanent structures with a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels. If you’re part of the gardening world, you’ve probably heard people throw around terms like greenhouse, hoop house, high tunnel, and cold frame to refer to protected growing spaces. Since people use these terms so loosely, it can be challenging to determine if they all mean the same thing or if each one has a distinctive definition. While I’m not here to manage how you use these terms, knowing the exact definitions of each structure can be helpful. A greenhouse is typically a permanent or semi-permanent structure designed to stay in the same place for years. It’s often constructed of a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels, and the structure is often set on a solid foundation. Although it’s not a requirement, many greenhouses contain heating and/or automated ventilation systems. High tunnels and hoop houses are semi-permanent structures that are easy to move. They consist of large metal hoops covered with a UV-resistant plastic layer. Although some high tunnels have heating and ventilation systems, most do not. To manage temperature and ventilation, you can raise and lower the plastic sides of the tunnel. Cold frames are small, season-extension structures that can take many shapes and forms. They typically cover a single garden bed and require manual ventilation to control temperature and moisture. Although some of the following beginner tips apply to all of these structures, I’ve written them with greenhouses in mind. Establish Your Desired Use If you plan to use your greenhouse solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Before buying and growing in a greenhouse, consider how you will use it. Do you envision it as a seed-starting space, a place to overwinter your cold-sensitive lemon trees, or a spot where you can grow tomatoes early in the season? As long as you set up the space appropriately, it’s okay to use your greenhouse for multiple purposes. Determining how you will use your greenhouse will help you select the proper structure and build it appropriately. For example, if you plan to use it solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Since you won’t be growing any larger plants, you’ll have space to build a potting bench, tables for seedlings, and shelves for storing pots and soil mix. Since you’ll regularly water seedling trays, consider covering dirt floors with gravel or landscape fabric to avoid soil splash and weed growth. However, if you mainly want to use the space to overwinter cold-sensitive plants like citrus, ginger, and figs, you’ll probably want a different layout. You’ll need open areas where tall plants can expand and an opening that allows you to move them in and out of the greenhouse easily. And if you want to grow plants in the ground, you’ll want an entirely different setup! Rather than building a concrete or gravel floor, you’ll want to develop rich soil or build raised beds. You’ll also want to consider irrigation systems and ensure pathways are large enough to accommodate harvest baskets or bins. The moral of the story? Think about how you plan to use your greenhouse before filling it with plants so you can avoid common beginner mistakes. Designing a proper layout and systems ahead of time can save you countless headaches down the road. Pay Attention to Moisture The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. Since greenhouses are closed structures, humidity is a major concern. While it’s possible for the humidity to get too low in a greenhouse, growers usually face the opposite problem. Irrigation and plant transpiration can lead to moisture buildup in closed greenhouses. This high humidity means plants are more likely to develop fungal diseases like powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold. Therefore, your goal is to keep the humidity at moderate to low levels. The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. They push out humid air and draw in dry air. Some greenhouses utilize sensors and automated systems to open vents and turn on fans when the greenhouse reaches a specific humidity level. However, you can manually open vents and turn on fans to decrease air moisture. Another option is adding a dehumidifier to your greenhouse. However, this won’t add a beneficial increase in airflow like fans and vents. If your greenhouse consistently has consistently high humidity, consider your irrigation practices. Watering your plants more than necessary will increase the air moisture levels. Plus, constantly moist soil will increase the likelihood of pests like fungus gnats. Regularly Scout for Pests Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. Since greenhouses are closed structures removed from the outside world, greenhouse-grown plants often face different pest pressures than their outdoor-grown counterparts. There are a few main reasons for these differences.  Absence of natural predators: Since greenhouses are mostly closed off from the outside world, natural predators like ladybugs, green lacewings, and hoverflies have difficulty entering. Therefore, the pests they feed on can quickly multiply. You can purchase and release natural predators, but be aware the predators will die or fly off when they run out of their food source. Favorable environment: Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. That means a few pests can quickly evolve into an outbreak. So, even if aphids or mealybugs aren’t a big deal in your cold garden in the late fall or winter, they can cause serious harm in the warm greenhouse. Closed from outdoors: Since your greenhouse is closed to the outdoors, the pests rarely escape. Instead, they continue to reproduce and feed on your greenhouse plants. One way to prevent pest damage is to regularly scout your greenhouse for unwelcome critters. Set aside 15 minutes each week to thoroughly inspect your plants. Turn over leaves and check the base of the plants near the soil. Note any insects and their numbers. If you’re not sure what the insects are, spend time figuring it out! Remember, not all insects are bad for your plants. Start by browsing through this list of common pests and common beneficial insects. Once you determine you’re dealing with a pest, you can take appropriate control measures. Removing the pests may be as simple as wiping the pests of your plants. Use a soapy rag and continuing to monitor their numbers. Avoid Sudden Swings in Temperature A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you maintain a relatively steady temperature. One major benefit of growing indoors is the ability to control and regulate temperature. With the help of a heater or a sunny day, the air inside your greenhouse can be 70°F (21°C), even if it’s below freezing outside. And if you’re not careful, the same greenhouse can reach over 100°F (38°C)! While you may be tempted to allow hot days to offset cold nights, you should avoid sudden temperature changes. It’s okay if the temperature is warmer during the day and cooler at night, but you shouldn’t see a swing of 50 degrees (10°C). A better option is maintaining a relatively steady temperature throughout the day and night. A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you accomplish this. Once the temperature reaches above 70 or 80°F (21-27°C) during the day, open vents and turn on fans to decrease the temperature. You can also use heaters during the night and program them to turn on when the temperature hits 50°F (10°C) or 40°F (4°C). When setting the temperature, remember that each plant has an ideal temperature range. Brassica and lettuce seedlings don’t mind temperatures near freezing, but many tropical plants experience stress when the temperature dips below 50°F (10°C). Select Proper Varieties Cucumbers are well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. If you’re growing in the ground in your greenhouse, pay attention to the varieties you select. This applies whether you’re growing tomatoes in the spring, lettuce in the winter, or citrus year-round. Since growers often plant vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers in protected culture, plant breeders have created varieties that thrive in these growing conditions. For example, there are cucumber varieties well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. Since greenhouse tomato plants remain dry but are often grown in high humidity, resistance to leaf mold and gray mold is more important than resistance to early blight. If you plan to grow greens like lettuce, kale, and spinach throughout the winter, you should also look for well-suited varieties. While you can try growing any variety in your protected structure, cultivars resistant to common greenhouse diseases, such as downy mildew, are more likely to perform well. Avoid Wet Leaves Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash. Since wet leaves can lead to fungal diseases, it’s best to keep plant foliage dry. This is especially important in a greenhouse since airflow is often limited, and disease can spread quickly in the confined space. Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash.A watering can, hose, or drip irrigation system can all provide proper irrigation. You can also choose to bottom water potted plants and trays filled with seedlings. If you’re growing plants in the grow, opt for drip irrigation instead of overhead watering. Drip emitters apply water directly to the soil and keep foliage dry. If you choose to water seedlings with a hose, ensure you provide excellent airflow to dry the foliage and prevent disease. I recommend running fans near your seedlings, especially if you utilize overhead irrigation. Keep a Journal You can use the information in your journal to fine-tune your practices and continually improve your garden. Although beginners think they’ll never forget that intense aphid outbreak or that impressive tomato harvest, it’s easy to forget greenhouse milestones, let alone minuscule details. That’s why I recommend using a journal to keep track of planting dates, temperatures, pest problems, and more. If you notice some of your plants show signs of disease or cold-damaged, you can look back on your notes to try to determine a cause. For example, you may realize you brought disease into your greenhouse when you moved outdoor plants inside. You can also look back on your journal year after year to remember planting dates, first harvest dates, and when seedlings were large enough to transplant outdoors. Then, you can use this information to fine-tune your greenhouse practices and advance from a beginner to an expert indoor grower. Source link

[alexha2210]

Almost every gardener I know wishes for a greenhouse. Maybe you dream of moving your seed-starting operation out of your spare bedroom and into an outdoor space. Or you may want to experiment with growing citrus trees that are too big for your cozy yet tiny home. I get it—whether you’re a beginner or veteran grower, a greenhouse is an exciting addition to your garden! However, it also presents new challenges and a sometimes steep learning curve. If you want to grow healthy plants in your greenhouse this year, you must know how to manage this space properly. I’ll cover a few essential tips involving maintaining the proper environment, selecting the right plants, and making the most of this unique growing space. What Is a Greenhouse? They are permanent structures with a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels. If you’re part of the gardening world, you’ve probably heard people throw around terms like greenhouse, hoop house, high tunnel, and cold frame to refer to protected growing spaces. Since people use these terms so loosely, it can be challenging to determine if they all mean the same thing or if each one has a distinctive definition. While I’m not here to manage how you use these terms, knowing the exact definitions of each structure can be helpful. A greenhouse is typically a permanent or semi-permanent structure designed to stay in the same place for years. It’s often constructed of a metal frame and glass or rigid plastic panels, and the structure is often set on a solid foundation. Although it’s not a requirement, many greenhouses contain heating and/or automated ventilation systems. High tunnels and hoop houses are semi-permanent structures that are easy to move. They consist of large metal hoops covered with a UV-resistant plastic layer. Although some high tunnels have heating and ventilation systems, most do not. To manage temperature and ventilation, you can raise and lower the plastic sides of the tunnel. Cold frames are small, season-extension structures that can take many shapes and forms. They typically cover a single garden bed and require manual ventilation to control temperature and moisture. Although some of the following beginner tips apply to all of these structures, I’ve written them with greenhouses in mind. Establish Your Desired Use If you plan to use your greenhouse solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Before buying and growing in a greenhouse, consider how you will use it. Do you envision it as a seed-starting space, a place to overwinter your cold-sensitive lemon trees, or a spot where you can grow tomatoes early in the season? As long as you set up the space appropriately, it’s okay to use your greenhouse for multiple purposes. Determining how you will use your greenhouse will help you select the proper structure and build it appropriately. For example, if you plan to use it solely for seed starting, an eight-foot by eight-foot structure will work just fine. Since you won’t be growing any larger plants, you’ll have space to build a potting bench, tables for seedlings, and shelves for storing pots and soil mix. Since you’ll regularly water seedling trays, consider covering dirt floors with gravel or landscape fabric to avoid soil splash and weed growth. However, if you mainly want to use the space to overwinter cold-sensitive plants like citrus, ginger, and figs, you’ll probably want a different layout. You’ll need open areas where tall plants can expand and an opening that allows you to move them in and out of the greenhouse easily. And if you want to grow plants in the ground, you’ll want an entirely different setup! Rather than building a concrete or gravel floor, you’ll want to develop rich soil or build raised beds. You’ll also want to consider irrigation systems and ensure pathways are large enough to accommodate harvest baskets or bins. The moral of the story? Think about how you plan to use your greenhouse before filling it with plants so you can avoid common beginner mistakes. Designing a proper layout and systems ahead of time can save you countless headaches down the road. Pay Attention to Moisture The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. Since greenhouses are closed structures, humidity is a major concern. While it’s possible for the humidity to get too low in a greenhouse, growers usually face the opposite problem. Irrigation and plant transpiration can lead to moisture buildup in closed greenhouses. This high humidity means plants are more likely to develop fungal diseases like powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold. Therefore, your goal is to keep the humidity at moderate to low levels. The easiest way to control humidity is to use vents and fans. They push out humid air and draw in dry air. Some greenhouses utilize sensors and automated systems to open vents and turn on fans when the greenhouse reaches a specific humidity level. However, you can manually open vents and turn on fans to decrease air moisture. Another option is adding a dehumidifier to your greenhouse. However, this won’t add a beneficial increase in airflow like fans and vents. If your greenhouse consistently has consistently high humidity, consider your irrigation practices. Watering your plants more than necessary will increase the air moisture levels. Plus, constantly moist soil will increase the likelihood of pests like fungus gnats. Regularly Scout for Pests Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. Since greenhouses are closed structures removed from the outside world, greenhouse-grown plants often face different pest pressures than their outdoor-grown counterparts. There are a few main reasons for these differences.  Absence of natural predators: Since greenhouses are mostly closed off from the outside world, natural predators like ladybugs, green lacewings, and hoverflies have difficulty entering. Therefore, the pests they feed on can quickly multiply. You can purchase and release natural predators, but be aware the predators will die or fly off when they run out of their food source. Favorable environment: Most pests experience increased reproduction rates in warm conditions. That means a few pests can quickly evolve into an outbreak. So, even if aphids or mealybugs aren’t a big deal in your cold garden in the late fall or winter, they can cause serious harm in the warm greenhouse. Closed from outdoors: Since your greenhouse is closed to the outdoors, the pests rarely escape. Instead, they continue to reproduce and feed on your greenhouse plants. One way to prevent pest damage is to regularly scout your greenhouse for unwelcome critters. Set aside 15 minutes each week to thoroughly inspect your plants. Turn over leaves and check the base of the plants near the soil. Note any insects and their numbers. If you’re not sure what the insects are, spend time figuring it out! Remember, not all insects are bad for your plants. Start by browsing through this list of common pests and common beneficial insects. Once you determine you’re dealing with a pest, you can take appropriate control measures. Removing the pests may be as simple as wiping the pests of your plants. Use a soapy rag and continuing to monitor their numbers. Avoid Sudden Swings in Temperature A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you maintain a relatively steady temperature. One major benefit of growing indoors is the ability to control and regulate temperature. With the help of a heater or a sunny day, the air inside your greenhouse can be 70°F (21°C), even if it’s below freezing outside. And if you’re not careful, the same greenhouse can reach over 100°F (38°C)! While you may be tempted to allow hot days to offset cold nights, you should avoid sudden temperature changes. It’s okay if the temperature is warmer during the day and cooler at night, but you shouldn’t see a swing of 50 degrees (10°C). A better option is maintaining a relatively steady temperature throughout the day and night. A combination of heaters, vents, and fans can help you accomplish this. Once the temperature reaches above 70 or 80°F (21-27°C) during the day, open vents and turn on fans to decrease the temperature. You can also use heaters during the night and program them to turn on when the temperature hits 50°F (10°C) or 40°F (4°C). When setting the temperature, remember that each plant has an ideal temperature range. Brassica and lettuce seedlings don’t mind temperatures near freezing, but many tropical plants experience stress when the temperature dips below 50°F (10°C). Select Proper Varieties Cucumbers are well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. If you’re growing in the ground in your greenhouse, pay attention to the varieties you select. This applies whether you’re growing tomatoes in the spring, lettuce in the winter, or citrus year-round. Since growers often plant vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers in protected culture, plant breeders have created varieties that thrive in these growing conditions. For example, there are cucumber varieties well-suited for greenhouses because they produce fruit without pollination. Since greenhouse tomato plants remain dry but are often grown in high humidity, resistance to leaf mold and gray mold is more important than resistance to early blight. If you plan to grow greens like lettuce, kale, and spinach throughout the winter, you should also look for well-suited varieties. While you can try growing any variety in your protected structure, cultivars resistant to common greenhouse diseases, such as downy mildew, are more likely to perform well. Avoid Wet Leaves Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash. Since wet leaves can lead to fungal diseases, it’s best to keep plant foliage dry. This is especially important in a greenhouse since airflow is often limited, and disease can spread quickly in the confined space. Water potted plants near the base of the plant to avoid wet foliage and soil splash.A watering can, hose, or drip irrigation system can all provide proper irrigation. You can also choose to bottom water potted plants and trays filled with seedlings. If you’re growing plants in the grow, opt for drip irrigation instead of overhead watering. Drip emitters apply water directly to the soil and keep foliage dry. If you choose to water seedlings with a hose, ensure you provide excellent airflow to dry the foliage and prevent disease. I recommend running fans near your seedlings, especially if you utilize overhead irrigation. Keep a Journal You can use the information in your journal to fine-tune your practices and continually improve your garden. Although beginners think they’ll never forget that intense aphid outbreak or that impressive tomato harvest, it’s easy to forget greenhouse milestones, let alone minuscule details. That’s why I recommend using a journal to keep track of planting dates, temperatures, pest problems, and more. If you notice some of your plants show signs of disease or cold-damaged, you can look back on your notes to try to determine a cause. For example, you may realize you brought disease into your greenhouse when you moved outdoor plants inside. You can also look back on your journal year after year to remember planting dates, first harvest dates, and when seedlings were large enough to transplant outdoors. Then, you can use this information to fine-tune your greenhouse practices and advance from a beginner to an expert indoor grower. Source link