#nubian mythology

[godzilla-and-aang-monsters]

Apedemak

Altura: 140 metros

Longitud: 270 metros

Peso: 5,500 toneladas

Primer Avistamiento: Meroe [Tierra: Teratoverso]

Controles: Tierra Control [Zarpazo de derrumbe] Energia Control [Contraataque potente, rayos oculares] Fuego Control [Llamarada Incendiaria]

Guarida: Meroe [Tierra:Teratoverso] Piramides de Nefer-Ra [Avatarverso]

Aspecto: León extraño (La Guardia del León)

Aliados:

Humanos: Aang, Katara, Soka, Iroh, Zuko

Kaijus y otras bestias: Anguirus, Baragon, Mothra, Rodan, Godzilla

Enemigos:

Humanos: Ozai y Azula

Kaijus y otras bestias: King Ghidorah, Zilla Junior

[djquimoso]

Artwork from the collection Nubian Queen.

[tyrannoninja]

Age of Mythology Heroes in Action

Had enough time tonight to knock out another Age of Mythology fanart. From left to right, these heroes are the Norse Valkyrie Reginleif, the Nubian princess Amanra, the Greek warrior Ajax, and the Atlantean admiral Arkantos.

[zorubark]

the ancient greeks literally named the aethiopians after "burned face", made multiple sculptures and pottery of heads that are clearly black, but Andromeda still got portrayed as white even though everything points to her being black

[angusmcquadeprojects]

No Rules Inktober, Day 10

Original: Bitamziq

Its always difficult drawing this character when you don't want to obscure his face with it being on his body

[patrochillesvibes]

Tales of Ethiopia as a mythical land at the farthest edges of the earth are recorded in some of the earliest Greek literature of the eighth century B.C., including the epic poems of Homer. Greek gods and heroes, like Menelaos, were believed to have visited this place on the fringes of the known world. However, long before Homer, the seafaring civilization of Bronze Age Crete, known today as Minoan, established trade connections with Egypt. The Minoans may have first come into contact with Africans at Thebes, during the periodic bearing of tribute to the pharaoh. In fact, paintings in the tomb of Rekhmire, dated to the fourteenth century B.C., depict African and Aegean peoples, most likely Nubians and Minoans. However, with the collapse of the Minoan and Mycenaean palaces at the end of the Late Bronze Age, trade connections with Egypt and the Near East were severed as Greece entered a period of impoverishment and limited contact.

All black Africans were known as Ethiopians to the ancient Greeks, as the fifth-century B.C. historian Herodotus tells us.

Ethiopians were featured in the tragic plays of Aeschylus, Sophokles, and Euripides; and preserved comic masks, as well as a number of vase paintings from this period, indicate that Ethiopians were also often cast in Greek comedies.

During the Hellenistic period (ca. 323–31 B.C.), the repertoire of African imagery in Greek art expanded greatly. While scenes related to Ethiopians in mythology became less common, many more types occurred that suggest they constituted a larger minority element in the population of the Hellenistic world than the preceding period (18.145.10)

[maverick-werewolf]

Werewolf Fact #69 (dude!) - Ancient Egypt

Well, I thought this month would be about something else, but my patrons spoke differently! And I always listen to my patrons when it comes to folklore facts.

So, without further ado, let’s finally get back to werewolf facts! This is a big one, as it’s a lifelong favorite topic of mine!

An ancient Egyptian mask worn by a priest during rites performed for the dead, who would have “taken on the aspect” of the wolf-headed god Anubis

Let me just open by saying that I absolutely love ancient Egypt. It’s fascinated me since I was a small child and I was reading a tiny children’s book about cats, and ancient Egypt was discussed. Naturally, when I found out about Anubis, I was even more interested. Then came games like Age of Mythology and many movies... especially The Mummy (1999), of course. Anyway!

Ancient Egypt didn’t have a negative opinion of wolves. In fact, several important deities had wolf heads and were associated with wolves. Let’s begin with something that’s always interested me, which is the city of Lykopolis (as it was called in Greek)...

More under the cut, since this post got so lengthy!

Lykopolis (ancient Egyptian transliteration is something like “Zawty”) was an important city located on the western bank of the Nile, capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt during about 3100 BC. The primary deities of the city were - as you might imagine - Anubis and Wepwawet, both wolf-headed gods. Mummified wolves (golden wolves, not jackals; more on this momentarily) have been found in various excavated chambers throughout the city ruins, of which very little still survives.

The city has a very fun story behind it, as told by Greek historian Diodorus Siculus. In the first century BC, an army of Nubians invaded from the south - but they were repelled by packs of wolves. These wolves drove the army from the southern borders of Lykopolis and then back beyond the borders of Egypt. According to Diodorus, this is why Lykopolis was called “the city of the wolf” and revered wolves and wolf-deities so greatly.

Some sources claim that these wolves were summoned by the god Osiris, who was also worshiped as a wolf in Lykopolis, and had also, at one point, taken the form of a wolf. I will admit I personally haven’t read this source, as it’s in French, so I can’t fully attest to that element of the story - I haven’t seen that one cited very often in various specifically ancient Egypt history sources. Regardless, it’s fun if true. Either way, the tale of the wolves driving back Egypt’s enemies was definitely recounted in detail in a primary historical source!

By the way, you’ll hear a lot of people refer to these deities as “jackal-headed.” It’s very popular still to call Anubis the “jackal god.” We now know, though, that the animals in question were in fact not jackals - they were indeed wolves. Scientists for a long time asserted that they for some reason knew things better than the ancient Egyptians and Greeks who actually lived during the time period and retroactively dictated that they weren’t wolf gods, they were jackal gods.

However, the Egyptian jackal was discovered to be a species of gray wolf. You can read a lot about that here in this article, regarding how people didn’t believe wolves lived in the area during those time periods, but we found out they did, and we also found out that the mummified wolves in Lykopolis were - yes - wolves, like their contemporary cultures said.

A quote from the article: “the Egyptian jackal is in fact a gray wolf. ‘We now know that wolves were indeed in Africa in the days of the ancient Egyptians—and long, long before,’ says Stenseth.”

I honestly don’t know why everyone thought wolves couldn’t have lived in the area during these time periods (when we know perfectly well a wide variety of animals inhabited regions they no longer inhabit, and that we discover new species in the deserts even to this day) or decided the ancients didn’t know what they were talking about, but anyway...

Another fun fact, by the way, is that the word “jackal” didn’t even enter the English language until the 1600s, borrowed from French, which in turn was most likely borrowed from Persian - not Egyptian. The animals in Egypt were wolves, and we now know that they were also wolves scientifically. In fact, some scientists even believe it’s possible that jackals (as in actual scientific jackals, not golden wolves) didn’t find their way into the Egyptian region until much later, when these wolf gods would have been well-established. They may have followed travelers out of Arabia. This is speculation, though, but regardless, the long-believed-to-be “jackals” of ancient Egypt were all wolves. So it sounds like we should’ve believed the ancient Egyptians and Greeks in the first place, huh?

Long story short - Lykopolis was indeed a wolf city, wolves drove invaders out of Egypt, and Anubis, Wepwawet, and Duamutef were wolf gods. Not jackals.

Please note that there are those who would argue with me that some of them are jackals and some are wolves, or that they were all jackals, or whatever else, but in my personal opinion (and the opinion of many historians and scientists), it’s very clear across depictions, mummified wolves, historical accounts from both Egyptians and Greeks, etc., that these many Egyptian wolf-related beings were what we now call “golden wolves” or “Egyptian wolves” (and sometimes referred to as “jackals” still despite their genetics), which are indeed gray wolves, and not a species of true (genetic) jackals. There also exist theories that these wolves are something that no longer exists, and also that the modern animals we have are interbred wolves and jackals. Theories abound, whatever the case.

Then of course there are those who say that Anubis was the jackal-headed god and Wepwawet was the wolf-headed god, due in no small part to inherent biases that wolves only come in “gray.” I think those are all very silly, especially as we already know that colors in ancient Egypt were highly associated with ritual and meaning, rather than directly stating that Anubis’s head was black because he’s some kind of black-backed jackal - which don’t even have black heads, anyway. We have multiple associations between Anubis and wolves, and just because Wepwawet was often depicted with a grey or white head doesn’t make him a wolf and Anubis something different. Therefore, I personally will continue to refer to all of these as wolf-headed gods, and I apologize if that bothers anyone.

Sorry. Brief Mav-rant there. More important things to follow, because we haven’t even talked about those deities yet!

So now let’s talk about these gods themselves...

Anubis in the book of the dead (which was not actually a book)

Easily my favorite thing in all of ancient Egyptian mythology, Anubis (known by many other epithets, including but not at all limited to "Lord of the Sacred Land," "He Who is Upon his Sacred Mountain," "Master of Secrets," and "He Who is in the Place of Embalming”) is the god of the dead. He was the protector of graves, guardian of the dead, the shepherd of souls passing into the afterlife, and many more roles, including the ever-important Weighing of the Heart (as seen above), the results of which would dictate whether or not someone was allowed to enter the afterlife - or if their heart was devoured by the monster Ammit and their soul destroyed forever.

Anubis was depicted with the black head of a wolf. His head was colored black because black was the color associated with life, the life-giving soil of the Nile River, regeneration, and embalmed bodies, and he, of course, is also the god of mummification. Anubis is one of the single most important deities in all of ancient Egypt, depicted and mentioned very frequently, even more than most any other deity - however, despite this, there are almost no stories actually involving him.

But no, Anubis was not “evil,” as much of modern pop culture would have you believe! (Sorry The Mummy Returns, I love you to death, I really do - but it was super rude to make Anubis evil.)

Long story short, Anubis was freaking awesome, and there’s way too much to say about him and his awesomeness for just one post. Maybe I’ll do a separate post all about him later, because he’s a personal obsession of mine.

Anubis’s brother (at least, he is considered to be this by some) was the god Wepwawet, another wolf-headed deity. Wepwawet was a man with a white or grey head of a wolf (though some think he may have also had a black head like Anubis, but others claim that is not the cause and the coloring was on purpose as we have seen it in too many different places - still more claim it was just the artist’s preference; it’s hard to know any of these things for sure)...

Wepwawet with Pharaoh Seti I (try not to read that in Ardeth Bay’s voice, I dare you. I don’t know why you wouldn’t want to, though)

Like basically all deities of ancient Egypt, Wepwawet is a complicated god, a deity involved in some funerary rites, but especially associated with war and royalty. Wepwawet means “opener of the ways,” and he was depicted as a man with the head of a grey or white wolf, as well as wolf at the prow of a solar boat, sometimes said to lead armies, to scout, and even to have the honor of going before the pharaoh himself. He is also known by the title “one with sharp arrows more powerful than the gods.”

A very important god, Wepwawet is one of the oldest gods of Egypt ever recorded, and he was always associated directly with royalty and specially the pharaoh. He was said to accompany the pharaoh on his hunts, as well as protecting the pharaoh in life and the afterlife - he is a symbol of divinity of rule and of kings in general. He is, for certain, a very good deity, rather than some kind of evil wolf of Western literature.

And lastly among the prominent wolf-headed deities, we have one of the four sons of Horus, Duamutef...

The four sons of Horus were depicted upon the canopic jars (jars containing certain organs of the mummified dead) starting in the First Intermediate Period of Egyptian history, which was around 2181-2055 BC. Each deity protected a different important organ; Duamutef, the wolf-headed god, always protected the stomach and represented the direction of the east. Please note he was not always depicted with a black head like Anubis; sometimes he also had a white or grey head. It varied. Likewise, in later periods, the forms of these various gods were sometimes mixed up, and a different son of Horus would have the wolf head. These deities were depicted not only on the canopic jars, but also on many other funerary artifacts, including the sarcophagi that would contain the jars.

So we have all these wolf-headed deities... but does any of this tie into werewolves at all?

Well, it doesn’t, really. There seems to be no indication that Anubis, Wepwawet, Duamutef, or anyone else did any particular shapeshifting, and they certainly weren’t cursed. They were gods. Anubis and Wepwawet are both sometimes depicted as simply a wolf as opposed to a wolf-headed man - as many of the Egyptian gods are depicted as their animal counterparts, including Ra, Horus, Hathor, Sobek, and many, many others - but that’s merely his animal aspect counterpart. Depictions and aspects of the gods of ancient Egypt (and also, later, how Rome and Egypt intermingled some of their deities during the Roman occupation, such as Hermanubis) are extremely in-depth topics. I’ve always loved studying them, but they are immensely complicated - certainly far too complicated for this post! So let’s get back to the matter at hand...

I’ll be honest, I have yet to find a credibly-sourced legend that talks about anything like an ancient Egyptian “werewolf.” I’m pretty darn sure they didn’t have anything remotely like what we consider among actual werewolf legends, my friends, and especially none that meet my personal criteria. The ancient Greeks, however, absolutely did, as you probably know if you’ve spent time browsing my werewolf facts masterlist (link at the bottom of this post!).

Wolf-headed gods, however - yes, they definitely had those, and no, they were not “evil gods.” In fact, some of them were very highly revered and associated directly with necessary aspects of life and death, as well as with pharaohs.

Speaking of, if you love ancient Egypt (and also adventure movies), you should absolutely check out my new novella that came out just this past June - Wulfgard: The Tomb of Ankhu!

It is the first of two short novellas that tell an exciting tale about adventure, an ancient curse, mummies, memorable characters, and last but not least lots of Anubis and other legends, all of it set in the vast ancient-medieval dark age fantasy realm of Wulfgard: a world where all myths are true.

Every book release means the world to me, and this one is no different. I’m very proud of this story, and I really think you’ll enjoy it.

Deep in the southernmost deserts of Wulfgard lies the resting place of Pharaoh Ankhu the Endless, one of the greatest evils the land of Kemhet, or the world, has ever known. So terrible was his power that the gods themselves cursed him, sealing him away in an underground labyrinth. Ankhu rises with each darkening of the moon, a walking mummy, wandering this tomb in search of his own still-beating heart, without which he can never reach the afterlife.

Over untold ages, Ankhu’s tomb remained undiscovered, a secret protected always by the loyal Medjai, an order sworn to guard Kemhet from all threats. And now, a new threat has arisen: Lord Tefnahkt the Red, a powerful warlock, drives his cult and his many slaves to uncover Pharaoh Ankhu’s resting place and steal the mummy's power.

While a small group of Medjai desperately work to stop Tefnahkt’s plans, one slave may become the key to putting an end to this evil once and for all: Djedar Rath. In a race against time, Djedar must lead the Medjai to prevent Tefnahkt from opening the tomb of Ankhu before the coming of the new moon, when the undead Pharaoh will awaken once more. For, if Ankhu escapes, the world will never survive his wrath.

Inspired heavily by real-world ancient Egyptian and other mythologies - but with many original additions and elements - as well as the classic character-driven adventure genre that mixes aspects of action, thriller, and horror, with a tasteful sprinkling of levity, The Tomb of Ankhu is a tale of non-stop adventure and excitement that will leave you on the edge of your seat! Now available in ebook and paperback!

Go here to purchase on Amazon! https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8897R1K

Readers have been really enjoying this one! The second one has been in the works for quite some time already, so expect news about that in the coming months, as well.

Hope you enjoyed the werewolf fact this month, even if it was kind of more a wolf fact. But, myself, I have spent my entire life captivated by ancient Egypt, so I love this kind of stuff.

Thanks for reading, and until next time!

( If you like my werewolf blog, be sure to follow me here and check out my other stuff! Please consider supporting me on Patreon or donating on Ko-fi if you’d like to see me continue my works, including my folklore blog and writing my own novels, werewolf and otherwise. Every little bit helps so much.

Patreon — Personal Website (new and improved! Great starting point!)  — Ko-fi — Wulfgard — Werewolf Fact Masterlist — Twitter — Vampire Fact Masterlist )

[egyptatours]

Kalabsha Temple – Discover Egypt Monuments

If you're a history enthusiast or simply fascinated by ancient civilizations, then the Kalabsha Temple is an absolute must-visit when exploring Egypt's rich and diverse monuments. Situated on the shores of Lake Nasser, this temple is a true hidden gem just waiting to be discovered. The excitement begins as you approach the temple, marveling at its grandeur and magnificent architecture.

As you step inside, you can't help but be in awe of the intricate carvings and hieroglyphics that adorn the walls. Each detail tells a story of ancient Egyptian mythology and culture, transporting you back in time to a world of pharaohs and gods. It's truly a surreal experience to be in such proximity to these ancient relics, and you can't help but feel a sense of wonder and excitement.

The Kalabsha Temple itself is dedicated to the Nubian god Mandolins , and its construction dates back to the Roman era. Despite its age, the temple has managed to withstand the test of time and remains remarkably well-preserved. Its towering columns and massive statues are a testament to the skill and craftsmanship of ancient Egyptian builders.

Exploring the temple grounds is like embarking on a journey through history. There are numerous chambers and courtyards to wander through, each offering a glimpse into the past. You can almost imagine the rituals and ceremonies that once took place within these walls. It's a humbling experience to be surrounded by such ancient beauty and to be able to witness firsthand the legacy of past civilizations.

Visiting the Kalabsha Temple is not just an opportunity to discover Egypt's monuments, but also a chance to connect with a history that spans thousands of years. It's a chance to learn about the customs, beliefs, and achievements of an ancient civilization that has left an indelible mark on our world. So, if you find yourself in Egypt, make sure to add Kalabsha Temple to your itinerary – it's an adventure you won't want to miss!

Reach out to us:

Emails

operation@egyptatours.com

Contact@egyptatours.com

WhatsApp: (+20) 1553119249

[namesforwriters]

Mythology Inspired Names: Egyptian (fem)

Amunet ~ Egyptian, meaning "the hidden one."

Amunet is an Ancient Egyptian primodial goddess thought to have existed before the beginning of creation. pronunciation: ahh-muh-net

Anat ~ Egyptian, also spelled "Anant," "Anit," "Anthat."

Associated with war and hunting, she is also a goddess of fertility and sexual love. Pharaoh Ramesses II adopted Anat as his personal guardian in battle. pronunciation: ahh-naht

Astarte ~ Egyptian, also spelled "Attar," "Attart."

Largely a love goddess with some war associations, Ashtart was adopted into Egyptian faith but was originally a Seminitic goddess. Her Greek equivalent is Aphrodite. pronunciation: uhh-star-tee

Besna ~ Egyptian, very similar to "Beset."

A goddess of home security. Of safety of the home and within the home. Potentially another name for "Beset," the female version of the god Bes. pronunciation: bes-nah

Hathor ~ Egyptian, meaning "House of Horus."

A major goddess in the Ancient Egyptian faith, Hathor was associated with many things, including the sky, joy, motherhood, queenship, and dance. Literally the Ancient Egyptian concept of femininity. pronunciation: ha-thor, ha-tor

Hemsut ~ Egyptian, also spelled "Hemuset."

Sometimes a single goddess, sometimes a group of goddesses, all defined as the personification of fate. pronunciation: hem-suut

Heret-Kau ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who is above the spirits."

Very little is known of this goddess, but she is known as an attendant to Isis, as well as the guardian of spirits in the afterlife. pronunciation: hair-et-kaou

Ishtar ~ Egyptian, also seen as "Inanna."

A Mesopotamian goddess as well as Egyptian and Assyrian, she is very similar to Astarte but is also affiliated with political power and divine law. pronunciation: ish-tar, iss-tar

Isis ~ Egyptian, meaning "lady of the throne."

An incredibly important goddess in Egyptian mythology, Isis is the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, and the Ancient Egyptian goddess of magic. pronunciation: I-sis

Kebehut ~ Egyptian, meaning "cooling water," also spelled "Khebhut."

The daughter of Anubis, she helps souls who have died by giving them water as they wait for the mummification process. pronunciation: keb-eh-hut

Ken ~ Egyptian, also seen as "Kiun."

Not much is known of the goddess Ken, other than that she is a goddess of love. This name is not as overtly Egyptian as most on this list. pronunciation: ken

Ma'at ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who is righteous"

The Ancient Egyptian goddess of order, justice, balance, truth, and harmony. Incredibly important and revered in Ancient Egypt. pronunciation: mah-aht, mai-yaht, may-et, muh-at

Mafdet ~ Egyptian, meaning "to leap, to jump"

The goddess of legal justice known for hunting down and killing dangerous creatures who threaten Ma'at, or balance. Often seen with the head of a cheetah. proununciation: Mahf-det

Mehit ~ Egyptian, meaning "north wind," and "guardian"

An originally Nubian goddess associated with the north wind and the protection of holy places. Also a war goddess. pronunciation: me-het

Meret ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who is beloved"

The Ancient Egyptian goddess of music, singing, dancing, and rejoicing. She maintains cosmic order through music. pronunciation: mehr-eht, mehr-iht

Neith ~ Egyptian, also spelled as "neit," "nit," "net."

A goddess of war, weaving, wisdom, and the cosmos, some stories show Neith as the original creator, who created the universe and all it contains, as well as governs it. pronunciation: nee-ith

Nephthys ~ Egyptian, also seen as "Nebet-Hut."

The goddess of water, mourning, night, darkness, protection, magic, health, and beer, Nephthys is often seen with her sister Isis. pronunciation: Neph-th-ihs, neph-th-ees, neph-t-hees

Pakhet ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who tears open."

One of many Egyptian goddesses of war, Pakhet is most likely a regional goddess. She is also known as the protector of motherhood. pronunciation: pah-kh-eht, peh-kh-eht

Perit ~ Egyptian

Perit is a minor Egyptian goddess. One of the many goddesses of the underworld, she is known for her words, which breathe life and strength into Osiris. pronunciation: pehr-iht

Re ~ Egyptian, meaning "sun," and the female version of "Ra."

The Ancient Egyptian god of the sun, Ra is also the father of many other deities. Specifically associated with the midday sun, when light is at its highest, Ra is one of the most important Egyptian deities. pronunciation: rei, ree

Ren ~ Egyptian, meaning "name."

The Ancient Egyptians believed there were many parts that made up the soul, one of which was the "ren," or the true name. The true name was essential to a soul maintaining its identity after death. pronunciation: rehn

Renenet ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who nurses," "she who fosters."

Renenet is the goddess of nourishment and the harvest. She also protects the pharaoh as they journey into the afterlife. pronunciation: rehn-ehn-eht

Satet ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who pours," also spelled as "satit," "satis," "sati," " setis."

Satet was known for protecting the southern border of Egypt as well as being the personification of the annual Nile flooding. Satet also sought to grant the wishes of those looking for love. pronunciation: sah-tiit, sah-teht

Sekhmet ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who is powerful."

Sekhmet is the goddess of war, fire, healing, medicine, and plague. Often seen with the head of a lioness, Sekhmet is closely associated with Ra. pronunciation: sehk-meht, sehk-muht

Serket ~ Egyptian, meaning "scorpion."

The scorpion goddess of healing, magic, and animals. She is known for helping to heal the venomous bites and stings of animals. pronunciation: ser-k-eht

Seshat ~ Egyptian, meaning "female scribe."

Seshat is largely the female personification of knowledge in Ancient Egypt. She is associated with science, writing, math, architecture, astronomy, wisdom, and building. pronunciation: seh-sh-aht

Shai ~ Egyptian, meaning "fate."

The deification and personification of fate in Ancient Egyptian mythology. Shay has been depicted as both male and female. pronunciation: shah-ee, shy, sh-ai

Tawaret ~ Egyptian, meaning "she who is great."

The goddess of fertility, women, childbirth, and the home. Her symbol was often worn by pregnant women, hoping for Tawaret's help as they brought children into the world. pronunciation: tah-war-eht, tau-reht

Tayt ~ Egyptian, meaning "garment."

The Ancient Egyptian goddess of weaving and fabric and textiles. She is also lightly associated with mummification, as she would help to wrap bodies in linens. pronunciation: tah-heet, tah-eet

Tenenet ~ Egyptian, also spelled "Tjenenet."

She is the goddess of protection, childbirth, and beer. Tenenet specifically protected the uterus during pregnancy. pronunciation: twen-ehn-neht, ten-ehn-neht

These name lists are intended to help writers and artists. There is no expectation of credit, and these lists aren't meant to be the end-all be-all lists of possible names. There are millions out there, and this is just for fun!

If you have a suggestion for a name list, or want to see something specific, feel free to submit a request!

And if you see something that is wrong (a pronunciation, a meaning, an origin), again, feel free to let me know!

[alatismeni-theitsa]

https://youtube.com/shorts/aZ6fiBbRfeQ?feature=share

Theitsa they are doing it again! Now they depict Andromeda as black African princess and people again in the comments are trying to debate it and make it again about color instead of ethnicity...😅

Literally no one is even questioning how problematic and rude it is to take a character from GREEK mythology and erasing it from it's ethnicity.

oooooof.......

Disclaimers:

>> No skintone is superior or "better" than others. This blog doesn't stand for that

>> Greek culture has space for all people

>> It would be equally inaccurate to present Andromeda with the appearance of a North European, like blue eyes and blonde

To the video:

>> The video misrepresented the location of Aethiopia (Andromeda was middle eastern, not South African! Andromeda is the mother of Persians, according to our mythology, who are... Asian!)

>> The video disregards all ancient Greek texts and depictions of Andromeda. I don't know how to say this but.... if you are speaking about myths from another culture, better respect the texts and the depictions of the culture. Regarding Greek culture, it is a cultural convention to follow our depictions.

>> The video creators probably based her depiction off Ovid's description which was 1) the only one of its kind saying Andromeda had dark skin 2) Racist af the way he wrote it 3) Ovid is a hack and misrepresented Greek myths a lot (people seriously discourage having Ovid as a source. He pulled many things out of his ass and ignored the actual Greek myths)

>> The channel that produced the video is Afrocentric in the negative sense of the word. The viewers themselves write blanket statements that are historically inaccurate, like "people forgot that all Egyptian dynasties were black except for the last dynasty which is the Ptelomaic dynasty", "The original Greeks are the Estruscians and Minoans who are Nubian Cushites" and "Greek mythology is full of Black people and they want to erase us from it", "The Greeks and black Africa were tight. They clearly got along without racism. They lived during a time when Africans were highly respected while Europeans ( other than Greeks) were feared and rejected as barbarians. Greek and Roman descriptions of other Europeans were frightening. Their descriptions of black Africans were filled with awe and respect."

I would be extremely happy if these statements were factually true - if our people had very close ties with African nations, if ancient Greeks spoke highly of Africans and didn't represent them stereotypically, etc - but it's not supported by archaeological evidence. To ignore the evidence is to spit to the effort and intelligence of generations of Greeks and xenoi who have gathered and continue to gather this evidence.

Let's not stand a lot to the more voyeuristic and fetishizing comments about "Black"* women. They speak for themselves. But may I stand on a while on other comments that reek of conspiracy theorist logic... "it's sad how blind people can be to Truth." and "That's why the jealousy to destroy and re-educate is so great. The Envy of the ancestors", "No wonder I was obsessed with so called Greek mythology because it’s our people not theirs."

Bro

ΜΠΡΟ

ΜΠΡΟΟΟ

Stop calling all historians and archaeologists worldwide hacks! Please, for the love of whatever you hold dear. They've been trying to uncover as much as they can! Greeks, Egyptians, and all sorts of people with all sorts of appearances are in this domain! It's not to their advantage to hide anything! Not worldwide! Not even in the US, to be honest. (The research there is exhaustive too, and biases don't stay covered for long)

The results not fitting your ideal image doesn't mean they are fake. Do I really need to explain how much, constant work archaeologists do, and how most of them strive to reach the truth as much as possible?? If there were depictions of Andromed as "Black"* and ancient Greek texts that supported it, and people were hiding them or destroying them, yes, then I would agree that something bad was going on. But that's just not the case!

Systemic oppression, racism, and biases in scientific domains are very real, don't get me wrong. But Andromeda's depiction has little to do with it. We have overwhelming archaeological evidence of how she looked, and it would be wrong to ignore them. Not only out of respect for the culture one is entertained by, but also because that's the objective reality.

Here you can find a huge detailed, exhaustive essay about the appearance and ethnicity of Andromeda, with sources and depictions. It is more empowering to have your facts straight than to believe appealing falsehoods.

* In quotation marks cause it's a slur in my language

[tipsycad147]

The Muses: Greek Gods and Goddesses

“We are the muses Goddesses of the arts And proclaimers of heroes”

If your house is anything like mine, you probably have quite a few Disney Movies stashed around. Even before we had Munchkin, Mr Moose and I bonded over our love of movies, songs and quoting lines.

These 5 ladies are sassy, have some really good songs and are so pretty. Currently, as an adult with an appreciation of History, Mythology and Art, I love the Muses even more.

We recently added a 3 year old Nubian doe named Calliope to our group, she goes by Callie for short. She’s sassy, tries to be in charge and definitely fits her name.( In fact, if you’re curious about which Alcohol brand it is. There’s a brand of wines called Calliope Wines based out of Canada, so we didn’t even have to change her name!)

Consequently, I wanted to do some more research on this set of ladies. Who are literally referred to as THE Inspirations of Science, The Arts, Astronomy and more.

History Behind The Muses

The Muses Origin Story(s)

The daughters of Zeus and The Titaness Mnemosyne, goddess of memory, the Muses lived on Mount Olympus entertaining the Gods. Later, they were moved to Mount Parnassus or Mount Helicon depending on who’s research you follow.

However, the other origin story of the Muses is that they are water nymphs who sprung from the four sacred springs on Mount Helicon when Pegasus proceeded to stomp his hooves upon the ground. Most people follow the origin of them being daughters of Zeus.(Which makes the movie Hercules,about their little brother.)

Putting a Face to the Names

Worshipers of The Muses

Being Goddesses, The Muses had their own following of Worshipers. Scattered all over South and Central Greece, worshipers of The Muses were commonly found at either Mount Helicon in Boeotia and Pieria in Macedonia. Festivals were held frequently all over Greece, full of Poetry Competitions and Dancing and Singing. Pythagoras, the inventor of the Pythagorean Theorem is one of the more famously known followers of the Muses.

Who Are The Muses?

There are 9 Muses total, each with a focus on her area of expertise and inspiration. Some have had children, others have not.

Muse #1-Calliope

Epic Poetry is a lengthy narrative told in a storytelling manner. In fact, some well known examples include Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey as well as Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy. The Muses and their mother are actually mentioned in both of Homer’s works.

Calliope has several sons depending on the lore. The 2 most known are Orpheus and Linus. Orpheus was the great musical hero of Greek mythology, and Linus was the inventor of rhythm and melody.

Calliope is known to have been the inspiration for Heroic poems and Rhetoric Arts.

Calliope is physically represented as wearing a gold crown and typically carrying a scroll, book or tablet in her hands.

Muse #2- Clio

Clio is known as the pro-claimer, glorifier and celebrator of history, great deeds and accomplishments. She is the inspiration and namesake for various modern brands.

Clio has one son, Hyacinth. Story has it; Clio, after reprimanding the goddess Aphrodite for her passionate love for Adonis, was punished by Aphrodite, who made her fall in love with Pierus, king of Macedonia. In spite of that,they bore a son named Hyacinthus, a young man of great beauty who was later killed by his lover, the god Apollo. From his blood sprang a flower (the hyacinth).

Clio is often represented holding an open scroll or sitting by a stack of books.

Muse #3- Erato

Lyric Poetry is poetry expressing personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in first person. However, lyric poetry is of no relation to the word lyrics when talking about song lyrics.

She is typically represented holding a wreath of myrtle and roses or holding a Kithara(lyre) or a Golden Arrow.( She’s often represented accompanied by Cupid or Eros as well)

Muse #4-Euterpe

She serves as the inspiration for many courses and dialects in language. As well as the inspiration for various instruments.

Muse #5-Melpomene

The inspirations from Melpomene include; tragedy dramas, rhetoric speeches and Melos,the succession of musical tones constituting a melody.

Melpomene is always represented holding a tragedy mask. Other representations can include boots commonly worn by tragedy actors or a knife or sword held in her opposite hand.

Muse #6-Polyhymnia

Sacred Poetry is a collection of works including hymns and other religious texts.

Polyhymnia is the inspiration for Divine Hymns, Mimic Art, Geometry and Grammar.

Her representation is a serious expression, a finger held to her lips in silence and a long cloak or veil.

Muse #7-Terpsichore

She is the inspirations for Dance, the Harp and Education as a whole.

Terpsichore is the other Muse known as Mother of Sirens. One of the most known Sirens, Parthenope, cast herself into the sea after her songs failed to ensnare Odysseus.

Muse #8-Thalia

Idyllic Poetry or Idyll Poems,are typically a short poem, descriptive of rustic life.

Thalia is known as being the inspiration for Comedy Drama, Geometry, Architectural Science and Agriculture.

Muse #9- Urania

She is associated with universal love and astronomical writings. It was said Urania could tell the future by the arrangement of the stars.

Urania is said to have inherited her majesty and power from her father Zeus, and her beauty and grace from her mother.

The “10th” Muse

Little is known about her history and many of her works have been lost to time. There are several theories that she is the inspiration for the word Lesbian and other LGBTQ+ phrases. One of her only completed works that can be found is a poem titled “Ode to Aphrodite”.

The Muses’ Purpose

The Muses were created to help the People and the Gods to forget their troubles and suffering through art, music and poetry. In fact, these 9 women were very close to each other and, subsequently, still serve as inspiration for many of the Arts today.

Mentions of the Muses in Popular Culture

In contrast to Homer and Dante’s works, the Muses are mentioned in a number of modern cultures as well.

My favorites include the Disney movie “Hercules” where the Muses are the musical narrators throughout the movie. My other favorite is the Book series Xanth by Piers Anthony. In Xanth, the Muses live on Mount Parnassus and are one of several residents visited to be asked questions pertaining to their( the visitor’s) quests.

Other examples include:

Rick Riordan’s mythical series: Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo.

South Korean all-female idol group debuted under the name ‘Nine Muses’

The show Charmed, an episode features The Charmed Ones who must protect the Muses from a warlock who is trapping them into a magical ring.

The Muse Calliope is a character in the graphic novel Sandman, by Neil Gaiman.

There are tons of other pop culture references to the Muses, from Animes, Comics, Musical, Movies and Books.

Who Inspires You?

In a word, the Muses are an Inspiration, not only in Ancient Greece but also in the modern realm as well. Who is your favorite Muse? Will you be calling on a Muse next time you need inspiration? 

[wagonlitcommunitytheatregroup]

Planning out the next moves in the Sim Pantheon. The Norse gods will be pretty easy. I'm keeping it limited and not including giants. But as a child of the game Age of Mythology I feel that I must also do Egypt and hoooooooolllllly fucking shit is that some complicated mythology. Everybody is everybody's mother, father, sister, and brother at once depending on the period and region. And then on top of that I had no idea that in the later kingdom there were Greco-Egyptian gods which are just too complicated to get into.

This goofy little sims projecr has really taught me a lot about the nature of history and religion. We will never get the FULL contemporary perspective of any part of the ancient world and religion was always changing to suit people's needs.

All of that being said please send suggestions of other pantheons that can maybe make appearances. I have mainly Greek looking folks (was able to squeeze in some Afro Carribean with Amphitrite and arbitrarily made the Cyclopes black because I was tired of making only white characters). My Norse will all be...pretty Norse looking. And my Egyptians will look North African with some Nubian thrown in early in the genetic line to get some diversity.

What are some good East Asian, South American, Hindu, African or Polynesian deities I can throw in? Deities with smallish families would be ideal.

[tyrannoninja]

Amarna from "Age of Mythology"

This is my interpretation of Amanra, the fleet-footed and agile Nubian warrior princess from the real-time strategy game Age of Mythology‘s single-player campaign. Not only was she fierce, courageous, and noble, but she had quite an attractive design (as far as computer-game characters with low-poly models from the early 2000s went). I truly think she is an underrated heroine!

[aboutanancientenquiry]

The ancient Egyptians and their Past (III: Herodotus’ narrative on Psammetichus I and the Eternal Return)

Excerpts from the paper of Roberto B. Gozzoli “History and Stories in Ancient Egypt. Theoretical Issues and the Myth of the Eternal Return” in Martin Fitzenreiter, Das Ereignis. Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Vorfall und Befund. IBAES 10. London: Golden House Publications, 2009. Pr. Gozolli’s contribution to this volume is available on https://www.academia.edu/357223/History_and_Stories_in_Ancient_Egypt_Theoretical_Issues_and_the_Myth_of_the_Eternal_Return  

“Psammetichus I and the eternal return

Having introduced a theory, I will now apply it to Psammetichus I and his legend. Psammetichus I was the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, and the stela of Nitocris, set up at Karnak was issued at the time of Psammetichus I’s established control over Upper Egypt (Caminos 1964; Manuelian 1994, 297-321; Perdu 2002, 17-26; Gozzoli, 2006, 87-92).

Among external sources, Herodotus in particular is the one giving significant information. As Herodotus is introduced to the Labyrinth, the twelve rooms are explained through the story of the Dodecarchy, a partition of Egypt between twelve indigenous rulers (II, 147-149).

Moreover, Herodotus’ informers told him the oracle, which said that the one drinking from a bronze cup in the Ephestus temple will be fated to be sole king of Egypt. The story is completely aetiological and derivative from the etymology of the name Psammetichus “the one of the mtk -cup” or “the one of the mixed wine”, cf. Quaegebeur (1990, 259). Forgetting for the moment about the etymological connection, in the way Herodotus puts the account relative to Psammetichus, the fact that the soon-to-be-ruler drinks from his helmet is considered as an inappropriate - but fully out of malice - error, which an unforgettable prince Psammetichus has done.

Having fully considered the accidental nature of his actions, the other Dodecarchs rightly decided to avoid the death penalty, which was the punishment of such an action, and more humanly sensible, issued that Psammetichus should be secluded in the marshes. Psammetichus’ exile however is the beginnings of the Dodecarchs’ demise, as Herodotus’ informers took pain to note. Buto’s oracle announced the coming of men of bronze (152, 3), who by chance were the Greek mercenaries who made the Saite army for the whole dynasty.

The episode lets Herodotus and his informers say that Psammetichus had already left Egypt once before (II 152, 1), in occasion of Sabaco’s rule over Egypt, as the Ethiopian Sabaco (read Tantamani) had killed his father Necho.16 

The specific episode in Herodotus finds a historical confirm from Assyrian sources, which mention the Egyptian prince Nabu-Shezibanni as taking refuge in Assyria, once his father Necho (I) fell fighting against the Nubian army led by Tantamani.17 in Herodotus II, 137, the blind Anysis - an unidentified ruler, possible assemblage of various historical pharaohs - took refuge in the marshes in order not to fall into Sabaco’s hands. As the blindness is usually dictated by something the man does against the deity, the reasons of Anysis’ blindness are passed under silence. In this occasion I may just refer to Lloyd’s commentary about it.18 The escape to the marshes was quite a big topic in the Egyptian literature and myth: the Delta and its slow waters were a place where anyone fleeing from established order escaped. Just reminding a major historical event, it was in the Delta Ramesses III fought the Sea Peoples, making of the occasion one of the major events of his reign. From a mythological point of view, Isis gave birth to her son Horus at Chemmis, an unidentified place in the Delta. It is fair to say that for Anysis as well as Psammetichus (Servajean 2001), their escape to the Delta is used by the fifth century BC priests in order to evoke such a mythological connection. Such connection is not accidental, as Herodotus II, 137 remarks that the island used byAnysis for his refuge was later rediscovered by Amyrtaeus at the time of his rebellion against the Persians .

That Herodotus was not able to fully comprehend the mythological connection present in it does not eliminate its presence in any case. In any case, Herodotus brings together two recurring elements of Egyptian literature and history: the two leaders of the unfortunate Egyptian rebellions under the Persians. Both Inaros and Amyrtaeus took refuge in the marshes in order to escape the preponderant Persian armies, and at least for the latter, fighting to his death.19 

This sort of unspecified divine punishment parallels both characters, and such feature may be not entirely casual. Anysis returns, Bocchoris seems to disappear forever, but in the Oracle announces the coming of a saviour, which is part of his own dynasty. The main section is quite fragmentary, butcan still be read: “He is the one of the Two (years),who is not ours, (he is) the one of the fifty-five years,who is ours” (II, 5). I believe that Anysis himself is not a historical figure, but he can be considered as a personification of the House of Sais itself, as the family was able to come back and reunite Egypt...”

“As this workshop is about events, the main question might really be where the event actually is.

From a historical point of view, the amount of material relative to Psammetichus as real historical figure and information about his deeds is certainly minimal. Nothing can be really extracted from Herodotus’ sources, apart a generic statement that Psammetichus ruled in contemporary with other Egyptian rulers, and slowly was able to subdue them to a central power, with the annexation of Thebes and the South in the year 8th of his reign, as testified by the Nitocris stela.

Searching for the event, and if I follow an event based approach will dismiss the set of information given here as folklore. As the very same information can be used as giving glimpses of the feelings of the period comprising the last five centuries of the first millennium BC, and beyond, can be said, the amount of information is essentially different.

Psammetichus and the Saite royal family assumed in the collective imagery the importance and relevance of the last indigenous dynasty, the last one able to defeat foreign armies and keep Egypt altogether. The saviour of Egypt was Psammetichus, this is certainly clear. From a political point of view, this is demonstrated from the different texts and names presented.

  The texts however present two different perspectives. First of all, the evil in Egypt can come only whether royal evil actions are made, which make the king lose the gods’ favours, and make the king lose his own status.

This appears in Herodotus, for Cambyses’ madness as the major example. And Psammetichus III’s bad temper against his ambassador defines his fate.

And for the later Lamb and Potter, bad times are the cause of the problems, and why the gods leave Egypt. Whether the abandonment theme was just introduced in the later literature may be possible, but such theme surely goes back as far as Herodotus’account, as it can be possibly seen already with Psammetichus III.”

Roberto Bruno Gozzoli,  PhD in Ancient History and Archaeology, Institute of Ancient History and Archaeology, The University of Birmingham, England, is Assistant Professor at the Mahidol University

Pr. Gozzoli’s paper is very informative about the ancient Egyptian conceptions and uses of the past of Pharaonic Egypt.

Moreover, Pr. Gozzoli, like other scholars specialized in Late Period Egypt, accepts that Herodotus did a serious investigation in Egypt and had contacts with Egyptian priests, who told him their version of the past of their country. Of course this priestly account is far from flawless as history, especialy concerning the pre-Saite Egypt, as legends, confusions, and ideological and political uses of the past distort seriously in it the historical reality. Despite his admiration of the Egyptians as the people the most informed about the past of their country, Herodotus himself expressed his dissatisfaction with what he had heard from the Egyptian priests as historical record. But of course he did not have the tools, the means and the time necessary to check the priestly version of the Egyptian history against other (above all written) Egyptian sources. 

On the other hand, although it is sure that Herodotus’ Greek identity and his personality played an important role in the selection, interpretation, and organization of the information he gathered from his Egyptian sources, his account of the pre-Saite Egypt and of the beginnings of the Saite dynasty is important, because it records views of the Egyptian elites of the fifth century BCE,  Persian-dominated Egypt on the past of their country, as Pr. Gozzoli’s paper shows.

[afcnamrcn23]

Excellent pictures taken at the Neues Museum of Berlin by a young man on YouTube called The King's Monologue. It's a Livestream called The Neues Museum of Berlin BLEW MY MIND (Pts 1 and 2). He makes very scrupulous observations that many brush over or block out. At the bottom of this compilation is his trip to the Louvre Museum in Paris reveal some shocking rarities.

color variation in males from User, Elephantine, dynasty 18.

Whole scene

https://www.archaeology.wiki/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/elephantine-tomb.jpg

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Early dynastic period

Early era

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Roman era

. woman just as dark reddish brown as the man

A lady from Antigua informed him that the style is called sisterlocks in modern times. These hairstyles were worn in West and Central Africa as well. See Diop's statement in the link about traditional hair of women in Senegal before the 1930s, both natural and wig (only seen in non Islamic areas after that time)...

1

https://www.tumblr.com/shwat2013/680165437249585152/whether-wig-or-not-i-think-people-sometimes?source=share. .

2

Wolof girl Senegal 1800s

a

https://64.media.tumblr.com/a236b85b80a40ea0690388ff73d5decc/c0bc9aed5175f391-df/s640x960/2ec47a43c894be96d47a61bc4ca79f771a80e1c4.jpg .

b

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senegal-thioup-bazin.jpg#mw-jump-to-license

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Just like ancient Egypt, the same wig form is traditionally worn in Nambia, Congo, Angola (of old), East Africa etc. Also worn naturally

link

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. Sahure 5th dynastic period

Early period

Early period

Have to point out that these are actual faces of Akhenaten and Nefertari because it's taken from a cast mold. THIS MEANS YOU'RE LOOKING AT THEM. See museum link below picture for more on this technique of sculptor Thutmose. As we see the museum label once informed us that it's one of the plaster molds, but now just says portrait heads. The following picture is not from the YouTuber

The following description is from the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, about one plaster cast mask (Inv.-No. ÄM 21356), but it really speaks on the technique of all portraits like it of the era. Most are from the ancient artist Thutmose of the Achet-Aton (today called Amarna), in Middle Egypt, which was the capital of Egypt during the reign of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. It reads… This portrait study gives a unique view of the work technique of the artist; first a form was taken directly from the subject"s face and a gypsum copy was made from the mould. The copy was then finished by the sculptor in various details, especially the eyes since these had to be closed when the mask was taken from the face. In these rare instances we are directly confronted with 'real' people even if we do not know their names or anything else about them.

Scroll to Mask from Amarna Portrait of a Man.

http://www.egyptian-museum-berlin.com/c52.php

To see more actual faces from cast molds (rare), scroll down to "A few more every day Egyptians of the Amarna period", near bottom of the compilation in this link

https://www.tumblr.com/shwat2013/677380292714037248/amenhotep-iii-at-the-new-york-metropolitan-museum?source=share

picture with old museum label

https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%2F3q2tykijo0da1.jpg.

In mythology, Memnon was a king of Aethiopia (Sudan in this case) and son of Tithonus and Eos. As a warrior he was considered to be almost Achilles' equal in skill. During the Trojan War,  Here, he is compared to Akhenaten

Princess

link

18th dynasty man from Louvre

link

.Akhenaton on the left and a Nubian at the Flinders Petrie Museum of archeology, London, England on the right

This is a more of a stylized "artist conception on the left". We can see on the actual face from the sculptor studio on the right, he really didn't have a straight pointed nose...but rather more rounded, wide and flat. Strangely, I can see the faint character of the real person in the stylized conventional portraits

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. Tiye

.Tiye or a relative

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. hieroglyph for face

. Amenenehat III

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More from the YouTuber. This time at the Louvre Museum (2 parts)

Part 1

Ink

Part 2

link

Clean, clear and unadulterated images from the video "MOST BEAUTIFUL NON-ROYAL TOMBS! WESTERN THEBES (LUXOR) EGYPT", as she walks through... These are wonderful and unbias. There's no way you can see these and not at least ask yourself... are these the people of the Aswan Elephantine area who lean more "black" in appearance

Video link

Be sure to stop at the bottom where it says "More from @afcnamrcn23". Don't be distracted by the pictures and links under that. They will occur again so that you can continue with the main post in sequence.

[mohamedabdelnasserblog]

FACTS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RACE

Facts of Ancient Egyptian Race The concept itself is modern and doesn’t apply to ancient civilizations in the same way. However, here are some facts about the ancient Egyptian population: 1. The ancient Egyptians were a diverse group of people, with varying skin tones, hair types, and facial features. 2. Despite living in an arid desert environment, the Egyptians relied heavily on the Nile River and its fertile land for their survival and economy. 3. Ancient Egyptian society was hierarchical, with the king and noble class at the top and farmers and laborers at the bottom. 4. The Egyptians were skilled architects, engineers, and craftsmen, creating impressive structures such as the pyramids and temples. 5. The ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic religion, with a complex mythology and elaborate ceremonies. 6. The Egyptians were also known for their advanced knowledge in medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. 7. The ancient Egyptians were conquered by various empires throughout their history, including the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. 8. Despite the many conquests, the ancient Egyptian culture and traditions persisted, and their civilization left a lasting impact on human history.

Here are some more facts related to ancient Egyptian population and race: 1. Studies of ancient Egyptian mummies and artwork suggest that ancient Egyptians had a range of physical features. While some had darker skin and more African-like features, others had lighter skin and more European-like features. 2. The ancient Egyptians intermixed with people from other regions, including Nubians, Libyans, and Asiatics, which further contributed to their diversity. 3. Despite their physical differences, the ancient Egyptians shared a common culture, religion, and language. 4. The ancient Egyptians believed in a strong link between physical appearance and character, but this was not based on the same concepts of “race” or ethnicity as in modern times. They believed that physical traits such as skin color and hair type could be influenced by diet and environment and did not determine a person’s worth or status. 5. Ancient Egyptian society was relatively homogenous, but there were significant differences in social status and power, with the upper classes often having more access to resources and opportunities. 6. Egypt’s location on the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe made it an important center of trade, commerce, and cultural exchange, leading to a mix of different ideas, goods, and people. In summary, while modern concepts of “race” do not apply to ancient Egyptian society, ancient Egypt was a diverse civilization with people of varying physical features due to intermixing with different ethnic groups and environmental factors.

#ancientegypt #ancientegypttour

#egypt #pyramids

http://ancientegypttours.com