#live-attenuated vaccine

[bpod-bpod]

Local Action

Vaccines are typically injected into an arm muscle, including those recently developed against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Yet coronaviruses first infect the mucous membranes in our respiratory tract, in the nose, mouth, throat and lungs. Administering vaccines intranasally, to target those frontline areas, could allow us to respond to infection faster. Nasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have already been developed in India and China, but researchers are now testing a new intranasal live-attenuated vaccine, containing a modified virus. Tests in hamsters found it highly effective: very few SARS-CoV-2 particles (in brown) penetrated their nasal mucous membranes after double vaccination with the intranasal vaccine (top left) or even a combination of one intranasal dose with an existing mRNA vaccine (bottom left), compared to poor results after intramuscular vaccination only (right-hand panels). Following up these encouraging results with safety and efficacy trials in humans could provide new options for future vaccination.

Written by Emmanuelle Briolat

Image adapted from work by Geraldine Nouailles and Julia M. Adler, and colleagues

Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Immunology, April 2023

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[captainofthenautilus]

it’s still hilariously ironic to me that i, someone who has been medically advised against getting the MMR vaccine* (you know, the one from that bogus withdrawn study about the vaccine-autism link?), am autistic.

*more info in tags

[mitalipingale]

https://app.socie.com.br/read-blog/153744_live-attenuated-vaccines-market-size-analysis-and-forecast-2031.html

The Live Attenuated Vaccines Market in 2023 is US$ 7.85 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 17.47 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 10.52%.

[sophsweet]

How the Gates Foundation Hijacked COVID-19 for Profit

After much thought and a continuing stream of new evidence coming to light, I am going to do this. This is a timeline of events leading up to and surrounding the coronavirus outbreak in late 2019. I still cannot prove that the long-lasting, breath-shortening cold many people caught in December 2019 was in anyway related to COVID-19. I also cannot find information – most likely because in 2013,…

[jmtorres]

i just saw a post about how we just have to "live with" covid and wanting more protections from our government is unreasonable because we'll never wipe it out, it jumps species and is in all sorts of animal populations (like, true ok) so why even try to

and apparently the argument was aimed at people (who I haven't seen in the wild) who are arguing we should still be in lockdown. and i have mixed feelings about the idea of extended lockdown or attenuating isolations; but my main feeling at this point is not that the government should keep us apart but that the government should be trying to make it safer for us to be together

things the government could/should be doing about covid:

we know that ventilation/air movement helps a shitton. we should be incentivizing upgrades to ventilation systems in all public buildings with shit like rebates or tax deductions, while phasing in eventual legal requirements. (and uh. it has occurred to me that the US might actually be doing this sideways by there's currently this decade enormous tax incentives in re energy efficient upgrades for slowing climate change and you know. energy efficient hvac does tend to improve ventilation. extra point to biden here.)

mandatory paid sick leave so workers aren't under social or economic pressure to work when sick

passing out RT-LAMP tests like metrix that actually work instead of the rapid antigen tests that have become less and less reliable as the virus mutates

i don't know how you'd write this law but like 95% or more of computer-based work can be done remotely and companies should not be allowed to force people to return to the office. I know there's people who want to be back in person and I'm not saying they should be forced to stay home but ffs I know of at least two people CLOSE to me who worked remotely before the pandemic and at some point their workplaces tried to tell them they weren't allowed to do that anymore despite the pre-existing contracts. stop canceling remote work for people that want, need, or prefer it.

for that matter, every college lecture that was an online class during covid should still be offered as an online class, there is no reason to force students into auditoriums in person. you got the communications infrastructure up and running, why are you tearing it down. give people the OPTION. it increases accessibility for everyone!

covid vaccine immunity lasts about four months. this should be well-publicized and everyone should be able to re-up for free every four months. "every year, like the flu vaccine" is demonstrably not often enough. actually "for free" isn't good enough start handing out $10 gift cards you will be shocked at how many people who are resistant to the idea of vaccines will fold for $10 a shot

are there already laws on the books about masks in medical settings that some medical professionals are blatantly ignoring because they forgot what best practices were before the plague and they're 'tired of masking'? if not, pass laws. if so, fucking enforce them

oh another incentives for upgrades phasing into legal requirements thing: brass doorknobs and railings over stainless steel or whatever. microbes do not survive on brass surfaces

i mean. i know this one sounds too extreme to a lot of people but. UBI.

most if not all of these measures will prevent or ameliorate other pandemics of different diseases that may arise in the future. and just. generally improve our health and quality of life for other reasons.

I haven't felt safe to go to a concert since 2020. Maybe if I knew a venue was legally required to have ventilation to a certain standard and that none of the ticket takers and ushers were on the job sick to avoid risking loss of paycheck or job, and knew a larger percentage of the crowd had up to date vaccinations--maybe if any or all that, I might ever feel comfortable going to a show again.

wouldn't it be nice if those of us who have been disabled, by covid or other conditions, had accessible remote options but also occasionally felt safe enough to interact with and participate in wider society?

one of the arguments on the post I saw was how isolation was massively psychologically damaging and various strata of society were affected in all sorts of ways, from undersocialized kids to increased depression in--well across the board, I think. and here's the thing: WE KNOW. PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS, LONG COVID OR OTHERWISE, KNOW ISOLATION SUCKS REAL BAD. because we, both for our own health and due to disability ostracism, are still isolating and isolated more than most.

what are you as individuals or societies, what are our governments, doing to help make it safe and accessible to rejoin you????

[covid-safer-hotties]

Needle-free COVID-19 intranasal vaccine provides broad immunity, study finds - Published Agu 27, 2024

A next-generation COVID-19 mucosal vaccine is set to be a gamechanger not only when delivering the vaccine itself, but also for people who are needle-phobic.

New Griffith University research, "A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants" published in Nature Communications, has been testing the efficacy of delivering a COVID-19 vaccine via the nasal passages.

Professor Suresh Mahalingam from Griffith's Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics has been working on this research for the past four years.

"This is a live attenuated intranasal vaccine, called CDO-7N-1, designed to be administered intranasally, thereby inducing potential mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity with just a single dose," Professor Mahalingam said.

"The vaccine induces strong memory responses in the nasal mucosa, offering long-term protection for up to a year or more.

"It's been designed to be administered as a single dose, ideally as a booster vaccine, as a safe alternative to needles with no adverse reactions in the short or long term."

Live-attenuated vaccines offer several significant advantages over other vaccine approaches.

They induce potent and long-lived humoral and cellular immunity, often with just a single dose.

Live-attenuated vaccines comprise the entire virus, thereby providing broad immunity, in contrast to a single antigen which is used in many other vaccine platforms.

Lead author Dr. Xiang Liu said the vaccine provides cross-protection against all variants of concern, and has neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-1.

"The vaccine offers potent protection against transmission, prevents reinfection and the spread of the virus, while also reducing the generation of new variants," Dr. Liu said.

"Unlike the mRNA vaccine which targets only the spike protein, CDO-7N-1 induces immunity to all major SARS-CoV-2 proteins and is highly effective against all major variants to date.

"Importantly, the vaccine remains stable at 4°C for seven months, making it ideal for low- and middle-income countries."

The vaccine has been licensed to Indian Immunologicals Ltd, a major vaccine manufacturer.

Dr. K. Anand Kumar, co-author of the publication and Managing Director of Indian Immunologicals Ltd. Said, "We are a leading 'One Health' company that has developed and launched several vaccines for human and animal use in India and are currently exporting to 62 countries."

"We have completed all the necessary studies of this novel COVID-19 vaccine which offers tremendous advantages over other vaccines.

"We now look forward to taking the vaccine candidate to clinical trials."

Professor Lee Smith, Acting Director of the Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, said he was delighted with the research findings.

"These results towards developing a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine are truly exciting," Professor Smith said.

"Our researchers are dedicated to providing innovative and, crucially, more accessible solutions to combat this high-impact disease."

More information: Xiang Liu et al, A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51535-y

[darkmaga-returns]

FluMist manufacturer insert confirms vaccinated can infect unvaccinated.

Jon Fleetwood

Nov 05, 2024

In September, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved AstraZeneca’s FluMist for self or caregiver administration for the 2024-2025 influenza season.

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AstraZeneca subsidiary MedImmune, LLC, the manufacturer of FluMist, anticipates that FluMist will be available for the 2026 influenza season as well.

FluMist, which is sprayed into the nose, is now approved for the alleged prevention of influenza disease caused by influenza virus subtypes A and B in individuals 2 through 49 years of age.Screenshot from FDA.gov taken November 5, 2024 showing FluMist vaccine package insert.

Each refrigerated FluMist sprayer contains a single 0.2 mL dose with “live” attenuated influenza virus (10^6.5–7.5 FFU) from three strains: A/Norway (H1N1), A/Thailand (H3N2), and B/Austria (B/Victoria lineage).Screenshot from FDA.gov taken November 5, 2024 showing FluMist vaccine package insert information explaining which live viruses are present in the drug.

Alarmingly, the FDA package insert indicates that the vaccinated can shed (or transmit) the vaccine virus onto the unvaccinated, potentially infecting them.

“Vaccine viruses capable of infection and replication can be cultured from nasal secretions obtained from vaccine recipients,” the document reads.

Vaccine virus shedding within 28 days of FluMist vaccination was studied in two multi-center trials: Study MI-CP129 (200 healthy participants aged 6 to 59 months) and Study FM026 (344 healthy participants aged 5 to 49 years).

In both studies, nasal samples were collected daily for the first 7 days, then every other day through Day 28.

In Study MI-CP129, participants with positive shedding on Day 25 or Day 28 had additional samples taken weekly until two consecutive samples tested negative.

Here’s a breakdown of the percentage of individuals in different age groups who tested positive for the FluMist vaccine virus at any point within 28 days of vaccination:

6-23 months: 89% tested positive for the virus

24-59 months: 69% tested positive

5-8 years: 50% tested positive

9-17 years: 29% tested positive

18-49 years: 20% tested positive

[girlactionfigure]

Morning Israel News Summary

ISRAEL REALTIME - Connecting to Israel in Realtime

♦️MAJOR COUNTER TERROR OP.. IDF drone strikes a terror operations center in Nur a-Shams (Tulkarm area).  5 terrorists eliminated, including 1 (another report says 3) released in the last hostage deal.  Multiple semi-official statements that the IDF has started a major multi-week counter-terror operation throughout Judea-Samaria.

▪️KIDNAPPING INCIDENT IN SAMARIA at Tapuach Intersection, cleared.  The IDF: the suspicion of kidnapping has been ruled out.

⭕ ROCKET STRIKES by HEZBOLLAH in Ayelet HaShachar in the north hit homes and start a large fire.

▪️MANY ANGRY.. people, leaders and evacuees from the north are VERY angry that the government and IDF only performed a major strike against Hezbollah once Tel Aviv was threatened.  In a sarcastic response, a number of towns have replaced their town signs with “Tel Aviv”.

▪️USING HUMAN SHIELDS.. IDF spokesman in Arabic:  90% of the launches carried out the night before last by Hezbollah were launched from the heart of a civilian population and near civilian facilities.  In the attack, of the about 230 launches and about 20 suicide drones, 90% were launched from the heart of a civilian population, near civilian facilities - mosques, schools, UN compounds, and more.

▪️PROTEST - FOR A DEAL.. Demonstrators affiliated with the 'Headquarters of the Kidnapped Families' blocking Ayalon south near the Shalom interchange this morning.

▪️BEWARE SHEIN CONTACT LENSES?  Ch. 13 reports of people arriving in the emergency room due to quality problems with contact lenses order through Chinese discount site Shein.  

▪️GAZA POLIO VACCINE DANGER?  An unusual notice from Israeli health professionals - the polio vaccine sent to Gaza by the UN WHO is an experimental live attenuated vaccine that has the possibility of spawning actual polio cases - which can then spread.

▪️BUS vs. CAMEL.. an accident on Negev roads, bus vs. camel.  Drivers in the Negev and headed to/from Eilat are warned to beware wild camels, particularly at night.

▪️TERROR - STONING AMBUSH - SAMARIA.. Lynching attempt in Hawara: Arab rioters attacked a car driven by a Jewish woman from both directions and pelted it with stones. The driver managed to escape from them and miraculously was not injured (the car, however, badly damaged).

▪️JUDGES.. High Court of Justice in the decision against Justice Minister Levin:  If you do not convene the committee, you will receive a ruling in September that will oblige you to do so.

.. The minister responds: the decision is expected, conflict of interest and lack of authority. They are their own judges, actually taking over the committee completely, refusing to accept anyone who is not from their own inner circle.

🔹ANOTHER IRANIAN AIRSPACE NOTICE.. effective September 1, 2024, at 00:00 (midnight) - for 3 days.

🔹US Joint Chiefs of Staff:  The chances of an all-out war in the region have decreased after the attack carried out against Hezbollah.

⭕ 2 rounds of ROCKET attacks by HEZBOLLAH at northern towns overnight.

[o-lanterns]

met my new doctor yesterday, learned that I can in fact get vaccines on this new medication as long as they're not specifically live attenuated, and went oh yay I've been worried about that, let me get both the flu and covid shots while I'm here.

did not think that through at all. woke up with The Devil's Migraine. just awoke from dark slumber feeling mostly normal which I fucking better because I have fucking black friday tomorrow. did NOT think this through.

[ssjandtechno]

A quick guide to vaccines for scifi writers

(can you tell I've seen too many wildly innacurate bits of fiction this week?)

What is a vaccine for?

A vaccine is a fake disease. Its job is to pretend to be one very specific disease and con your body into fighting it, without risking you getting dangerously unwell. I compare it to fire drills when I'm talking to children. You have fire drills at school/work so that if there's a fire, everyone knows what to do and everyone can be safe. You have vaccines so that, if you ever meet this disease, your body knows what to do, and your body can be safe.

Important: Vaccines prevent. Vaccines very rarely cure. In almost all circumstances, you have to have had the vaccine you come in to contact with the disease, sometimes several weeks before. In a very small number of cases, in diseases with very long incubation periods (the time gap between catching it and getting sick), vaccines can be given in that long time gap and still work. Once you have symptoms, vaccines will not help you.

How long does a vaccine take to work?

It varies. The fastest one I've ever seen boasted 72 hours to onset of immunity, five to fifteen days is more normal

What is a vaccine made of?

Dead disease (killed vaccines), maimed disease (live or attenuated vaccines) fake disease (mRNA vaccines), or part of a disease (subunit vaccines). Dead viruses or bacteria, obviously, can't actually make you ill. But immune systems are suspicious gits, they'll still practice killing dead bugs most of the time. Subunit vaccines also are very safe, but small mutations (variations) in the bugs can stop the vaccines from working. Live vaccines tend to be very, very effective, but might be able to make you sick if your immune system is very weak. I could spend a long time explaining why mRNA vaccines are so, so clever (I thought they were likely to be impossible when I was an undergrad - like teleportation or universal translation software), but here is a nice readable explanation if you're curious.

But the disease in my story is a virus, so antibiotics won't work on it, so I need a vaccine, right?

Okay, yes, but also no. In face of a viral epidemic or pandemic, a vaccine is pretty much your only hope. But, as COVID showed us, vaccines are bespoke, slow to make, and don't work perfectly - vaccinated people still got COVID and, occasionally, still died. But there are a whole lot of other disease on which antibiotics won't work. Fungal infections (like in The Last of Us, or murcomycosis in real life) are scary and we don't have many treatment options for them. In many cases, you have to cut the infected tissue out like it's a tumour. Parasitic disease is a big group of weird and wonderful stuff which (mostly) won't respond to antibiotics. There's some nightmare fuel in parasitic diseases! Malaria is a parasitic disease, toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease (and it rewires your brain a little), lungworms and heartworms are parasites. Some parasites even have the fun catch that, if you kill them quickly/in the wrong way, they release stuff that kills the host anyway. Stargate SG-1 had a go at this concept. And, certainly these days, there are bacterial infections that are almost impossible to cure with antibiotics. Clostridium difficile, Pseudomonas aerogiosa...

Bottom line: Don't use vaccines as a ex machina fix for a disease in scifi. They only work for prevention, and take at least days to work, which is far too slow for most narrative purposes. Gross yourself out reading about unusual parasites or fungal diseases and come up with something more original and more horrifying than a virus.

And vaccinate your kids. And yourself

[thelemmallama]

We have "aliefs" and "beliefs" - let me introduce "celiefs": something that we worry *has a high chance of being true*, but aren't quite convinced of.

Often this is something that society/experts/someone you admire says is true, but you don't see the reasoning behind.

We may look for evidence that might convince us of the celief, or behave as if we already believe the celief; this is not exactly performative, but more like an act of "hedging" -- so that if the celief turns out to be true, we've avoided causing harm. We would do this regardless of whether people see it, but it can still feel "disingenuous" since we haven't exactly internalized the celief that we're acting on.

____________________________

This seems like it might be the difference between OCD themes and attenuated* delusions: You alieve your attenuated delusions while you celieve your OCD theme

* attenuated delusions meaning delusions you're capable of questioning. They become full-blown delusions sometimes. But they seem categorically similar, so I feel like the correct line to draw is [alief vs celief] rather than ["truly believe it" vs "know rationally that it's false"]

_____________________________

Some celiefs you might hold include:

vaccines work/covid is real

global warming is real

race/gender is a social construct

racism/sexism/etc exists

victims are telling the truth

homosexuality is bad/a sin

you will go to hell for doing bad things

i am the real abuser

i'm faking my mental illness for attention

i'm virtue signaling; only pretending to care/understand/be sorry/etc

my intrusive thoughts are who i am deep down

i was abused because i wanted it

Celiefs can be good or bad; sometimes it's good to hedge your bets on something you don't know much about and trust the people who have lived/studied the thing, but celiefs are also how people gaslight you.

I would classify anything that you maladaptively act upon but want to work through in therapy as a celief rather than a belief (if you really believe it, you wouldn't want to work on trying to not believe it, because from your perspective that would be deluding yourself)

[mitalipingale]

The Live Attenuated Vaccines Market in 2023 is US$ 7.85 billion, and is expected to reach US$ 17.47 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 10.52%.

[decentralvaccine]

Study Confirms A Single Dose Of Yellow Fever Vaccine Is Sufficient

Yellow fever, caused by the yellow fever virus, is an acute febrile and potentially fatal hemorrhagic illness, with an estimated 30,000 annual deaths and case fatality risk of 40% in the symptomatic population.

The virus is transmitted by mosquito vectors of Haemagogus or Aedes genera. Yellow fever is endemic to South America and sub-Saharan Africa.

Preventive measures are paramount since there are no effective treatments. Nevertheless, a live-attenuated vaccine developed in the 1930s is available but is contraindicated for specific populations.

Vaccination as pre-exposure prophylaxis confers effective immunity, with short- and long-term seroprotection rates ranging from 71% to 100% and 48% to 100%, respectively.

The World Health Organization (WHO), revising its position on booster vaccination in 2015, stated that a single dose confers lifelong protection and that revaccination was unnecessary.

However, this matter has since been debated, with studies mainly focused on neutralizing antibodies. Nonetheless, increasing evidence suggests a role for T cell immunity in long-term protection. As such, focusing on humoral responses alone would underestimate effectiveness.

[jmtorres]

longtime US donor, trying and failing not to spend ALL day responding to ppl's comments on here so I'm writing up some thoughts in a reblog

giving blood if you are able is always important but over the years of the pandemic it's gotten so much more important, our blood reserves have plummeted, I recently read my local blood services was only able to fill one in three hospital orders for needed blood.

the first question on the questionnaire in the US is "Are you feeling well and healthy today?" so if you are in poor health, if you have a chronic condition or you just feel shitty because you didn't get enough sleep, you got a bit of a cold coming on, whatever, don't feel bad about not donating.

If you have a surgery scheduled in the next month, even if you feel great, don't donate; save your blood reserves for your own healing.

If you are terrified of needles and faint when you have to give a sample at the lab, don't donate, and don't feel bad about not donating.

But if you want to donate and have been turned away in the past, here's a few things to know:

--the amount of iron they test for is slightly higher than normal/average for healthy AFAB people. If you have been told you were just under or borderline, take an iron supplement a couple days before you donate. Heck, they recommend regular donors take an iron supplement regularly anyway.

--because there's such a desperate need for blood, things that used to life or year long deferrals are now much shorter. The deferral for using intravenous drugs not prescribed by a doctor is 3 months (ie if it's been 3 months since you've done that, you can donate blood). The deferral for piercings is 3 months. The deferral for tattoos, in unregulated states, is 3 months. (In many states tattoo parlors are legally regulated/licensed and there is no deferral for tattoos.) The deferral for sex with men who have sex with men is 3 months (and yes it's bullshit but it's no longer *life.*)

--the list of drugs that prevent blood donation is actually pretty short. if you're worried about psych meds like antidepressants, mood stabilizers or ADHD meds, they're not in there. In the US they ask you to read the list and affirm you don't take those, you don't have to reveal any other drugs you take for any reason--if you're well and healthy, it doesn't matter what you take to be well and healthy.

--Major blood donor services let you do the questionnaire ahead of time online as a "rapid pass" or "express pass" or something. So you can see if you meet all the criteria before you physically go to a blood drive or donation center. But also, know that not all the questions are disqualifiers. For instance if you've had a vaccine recently, they will want to doublecheck which ones--most of the common ones you have as an adult like flu, TDAP, covid RNA, do not defer you even short term! There's a couple like MMR and chicken pox that use attenuated live virus, that you have to hold 2-4 weeks for, that's why the question is in there. If there's a question on the questionnaire you're not sure about, you can call the blood donation agency's 800 number to find out if it's worth going in that day.

--Don't know where to donate? There's two major blood collection services in the US, Red Cross and Vitalant (formerly UBS). Both sites have a place right up front to put in your zip code and find drives and donor centers near you.

--Also both are currently advertising gift cards and raffles for donors, because the need for blood is that high. Want a $10 gift card for doing a good deed? Donate blood.

Have you ever donated blood?