#level indicators for water tanks

[nikeson01]

Smart Water Management: The Need for a Water Level Indicator for Water Tank 💧🚀

Keeping track of your water supply is effortless with a water level indicator for water tank. The Liquilevel FBS offers precision, reliability, and ease of use. Designed for residential and commercial tanks, this mechanical gauge provides real-time water level readings without the need for electricity. Say goodbye to guesswork and prevent dry tanks or overflows with this durable, maintenance-free solution. Ideal for rainwater harvesting, farming, and industrial applications, the Liquilevel FBS ensures efficient water management. Upgrade your system today with a high-quality water level indicator for water tank!

[watertanklevelindicators]

Choosing the Right Rainwater Tank Level Indicator for Your Home

Why Monitor Your Rainwater Tank Levels? Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable way to ensure that you have a constant water supply, especially in areas where freshwater is scarce. However, managing this water supply efficiently is crucial. This is where Rainwater Tank Level Indicators come in, helping you monitor your tank’s water levels and avoid any issues with overflows or running dry.

Understanding Rainwater Tank GaugesRainwater Tank Gauges are devices that help track the amount of water in your rainwater storage tank. They come in various forms, from basic float systems to more advanced digital sensors. Knowing how much water is available at any given moment can help you plan your usage better, contributing to better water conservation.

Key Features to Consider When Choosing a Rainwater Tank Level Indicator

Accuracy: Ensure that the gauge provides accurate readings to prevent overflows or underfilling.

Durability: The gauge should be weather-resistant and durable enough to withstand outdoor conditions.

Ease of Use: Choose a gauge that is easy to read and interpret. Some Rainwater Tank Gauges come with a simple dial, while others offer digital displays for better clarity.

Installation: Consider how easy it is to install the gauge in your existing rainwater tank system.

Types of Rainwater Tank Level Indicators

Analog Gauges: Simple and cost-effective, these gauges use a floating device or a mechanical dial to show water levels.

Digital Gauges: These modern devices offer precise digital readings, sometimes with wireless features that allow remote monitoring via mobile apps.

Smart Gauges: The latest innovation in Rainwater Tank Level Indicators, these smart gauges offer real-time data on your smartphone or tablet, allowing you to monitor your water levels anywhere.

ConclusionChoosing the right Water tank level indicator is crucial for maintaining efficient water management at home. Consider factors like accuracy, ease of use, and installation before making your purchase to ensure you get the best product for your needs.

[dirtyvulture]

Beefy!Natasha Romanoff* x Fem!Reader

*Nat has a penis

18+ read at your own risk

Requested by anon: hi can u do g!p beefy nat please and like innocent sub fem reader absolutely dripping for her in public and trying to cup her bulge and muscles and so nat takes her home while ignoring her in the car and rams her senselessly in their bed 

AN: This one is for the bottoms. Enjoy!

"Y/N, can you hand me that rag from the bucket. Y/N? Hello?” 

You are completely oblivious to Steve asking you for something because you are so fixated on watching your girlfriend. The way she fills out her tank top, with her muscles stretching the fabric perfectly. The flex in her arms and shoulders when she reaches across the hood of a car, wiping a chamois back and forth until the metal gleams. 

The Avengers were hosting a car wash and naturally, cars filled the entire block. You had come along because you really had nothing better to do, and you were not going to pass up an opportunity to see Natasha, half-clothed and working hard manual labor under the sun. 

“Y/N!”

“Sorry, sorry!” you squeak, scrambling to fish a rag from a soapy bucket and passing it over to Steve. Natasha smirks as she watches you, knowing full well the effect she has on you. She pats the hood of the car, signaling she’s done, and the driver pulls forward to Thor’s station. Natasha walks over to the tent you’re taking cover from the sun under.

“You okay, babe? Make sure you’re staying hydrated,” Natasha says. 

“I am,” you insist.

“Good.” Natasha grabs her own water bottle, taking a long sip from it, and pouring the rest over her head. The water turns her white tank top see-through and when you see the fabric clinging to her perfectly sculpted abs, you almost fall over. 

“Just give me a few more minutes and we can head home,” Natasha says, coming over to you for a kiss. You don’t even realize what your hands are doing until you feel Natasha’s fingers close around your wrist, effectively stopping you from grabbing her bulge right in front of everyone. “Not here, baby,” she warns, but gives you a wink. “Maybe at home.”

You’re pretty sure you’re going to explode from the sheer level of arousal.

You sit down, crossing your legs, and trying to think of anything and everything that will take your mind off the empty pulsing of your core. You try to stop watching Natasha as she polishes off another car, but you can’t help but drool at her back muscles and stare at her ass. 

When Natasha finishes the last car, she comes back to you. “Tony’s taking over for me. Ready to go home?” 

“Yes, yes!” You leap up with embarrassing enthusiasm. 

The drive back to your house is barely ten minutes, but you’ve already shown you have no restraint when it comes to your girlfriend, especially after watching her work in the heat for almost two hours. Your hand starts out innocently on her thigh, but slowly creeps higher towards her crotch. Natasha gives no indication she wants you in her pants, so you continue to push your luck until she finally swats you just as you’ve made it to her zipper.

“I said at home,” she scolds you.

“I could blow you while you drive,” you beg. “I bet I can get you to finish before we’re even in the driveway.”

“Do you think that lowly of my stamina?” Natasha replies. 

“No, no!” you insist. “I just want you so badly, Nat. In my hand, in my mouth, in my--”

“That’s enough,” she snaps, and you know you’re walking a fine line, but you’re willing to push the boundary as far as you can go. But Natasha won’t have it, and she holds your wrists in your own lap to prevent you from touching her again.

When you finally arrive at the house, Natasha comes over to lift you out of the car and carry you inside. You’re squirming in her arms, impatient and desperate, but Natasha doesn’t say anything until you two are safely within the confines of your bedroom.

“On your knees,” Natasha demands, setting you on the floor. 

You scramble to obey, watching hungrily as Natasha strips off her tank top and kicks off her jeans. You see how big the bulge in her boxers has become and you know she’s just as excited for this as you are. 

“Put that pretty mouth to work,” she says, starting to stroke herself but you swat her hands away, taking her entire length in one swallow. Natasha moans as you pull back to suck on her tip and she threads her fingers in your hair to hold you in place as she starts jerking her hips forward. Your eyes water when the tip prods at the back of your throat, but you love being used like this. 

You grasp at her muscular thighs, trying to keep yourself balanced as she fucks your mouth, wishing that she would stay still for a moment so you can savor her taste and the way her cock stretches past your lips. 

“Fuck, baby, that’s my good girl,” Natasha grunts, her fingers tightening against your scalp as her hips move faster. “Where do you want my load? Down your throat or up your pussy?”

The dirty talk causes your own panties to soak with wetness. You can’t speak around her cock, and you won’t dare pull her out to respond. 

“How about both?” Natasha offers, her abs flexing as she empties herself into your mouth in record time. You smirk, knowing that she could never last long in your mouth. When she pulls out, you take in a big breath and try to dive back in for another taste, but she stops you.

“On the bed, baby,” Natasha says, sweat gleaming on her muscles as she tears off your clothes and man-handles you onto the mattress. She slaps your butt and rubs her cock through your thighs until it’s throbbing and hard again. “Oh God, you’re so wet. What was it? Seeing me at the car wash or sucking on my dick?”

The real answer is both, but you manage to squeak out, “The car wash!” before Natasha slides effortlessly into your heat. The emptiness in your core is replaced by a feeling of being stretched almost to your limits; Natasha is big and no matter how many takes you take her, it’s like the first time. You moan as she starts thrusting into you, holding tightly onto your hips to keep you from bouncing away.

“Fuck, you feel so good,” Natasha pants, pistoning into you harder and faster.

“Right there, Nat, right there,” you say when you feel her tip brush a sensitive spot inside of you. “Fuck!”

“You’re not gonna cum until I say you can,” Natasha demands, but the quiver in her own voice gives away the fact that she’s close too. You grab onto the bedsheets in clawed hands, biting into a pillow to will yourself from falling over the edge before you’re given permission to.

“Please Nat,” you beg. “I can’t hold it much longer.”

“Yes, you can,” she says, her hips moving jerkily now. Your walls clamp down on her cock sporadically until she can’t take it.

“Cum with me, baby.”

You don’t need to be told twice, your entire body going rigid as the ball of arousal in your stomach explodes. Your cum gushes all over Natasha’s cock and down your thighs, and her own seed shoots deep into you. Both of you ride out the bliss of your orgasms and Natasha lays on top of you, careful not to crush you with her weight but you want to feel every part of her against your skin.  

“I love you,” you whisper, cuddling into her and closing your eyes in content.

“I love you, too,” she says. 

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AN: Please like, reblog, and comment! Follow for more content. 🥰

[hometoursandotherstuff]

On another page, this house in a remote area of Lincoln, Montana gave us serial killer lair vibes, woodchipper and all. 3bs, 1ba, $385K.

No one for miles and look at the road. Just a path. It looks like it could grow back.

This looks very lonely. I'm always fascinated by homes in the middle of nowhere. I saw power lines outside, but "a propane fireplace, as well as a wood burning stove, provide dual heat sources."

I don't know what's on the TV, but there're 2 satellite dishes.

There's a dining area and spiral stairs to a 2nd level.

It does have a full kitchen with a washer/dryer.

Odd placement.

I thought this was a dishwasher under a window, b/c that's how it looked on my laptop. Then, when I looked at it on my phone, I saw that it's the fridge opened up! Everything is so much more vivid on the phone. How disappointing.

What is that bowl?

B/c there's a sink on the left. With romantic candles. The cabin has a septic system that was installed by a local installer, and a bank of water storage tanks for ample storage.

Well, that's good, b/c there's just a trickle in the creek.

Stairs are so close to the counter.

The listing says 3 bds., so I'm guessing that they're up here, but there wouldn't be any heat up here. There are only 2 sources and they're downstairs.

Sheets of faux tile on the walls & ceiling. Unusual choice.

Would that count as a closet?

Extra supply or empty propane tanks and a spare toilet.

There's a porch on the front of the cabin.

Well, there's a generator. The listing says that the owner planned to put in sloar power, but never got around to it.

So, I guess that this considered a road.

I don't know, maybe this finger is pointing to an alternate route. The sign indicates that there's a town up the mountain to the left. Note the power lines.

I'm guessing that you come down here from the property and get on a paved main road.

20.57 Acre lot, so there's quite a bit of land.

https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/Nhn-Cadotte-Creek-Rd-Lincoln-MT-59639/2055954790_zpid?

[pandorasparasite]

sébastien laur  is  a  true neutral  agent  of  pandora  selected  for  his  unparalleled physical precision, discipline, and elite-level acrobatic capability that made him one of the most decorated olympic gymnasts in recent years and  underwent  the  top-secret  mutation  process.  to  the  rest  of  the  world,  the  twenty-eight  year  old  originally  from  lyon, france  is  deceased  or  missing.  however,  in  atlantis,  he  is  now  known  as  dune  of  pride  after  developing  the  ability  to  create, shape and manipulate sand for offensive and defensive applications, as well as transform his body (fully or partially) into sand.  the  agent  has  been  with  pandora  for  three years  and  is  trusted  for  being  adaptive  &  disciplined,  but  once  reprimanded  for  being  overconfident  &  unintentionally condescending.

THE BASICS.

NAME： sébastien laur. CALLSIGN： dune. GENDER： male. uses he / him / his pronouns. BORN： friday, november 22nd, 1996. in paris, france. HEIGHT： 5 ft  11 in ( 180 cm ). WEIGHT： 180 lbs ( 82 kg ). EYES： green. HAIR： dark brown.

LIFE BEFORE PANDORA.

to be added.

ABILITIES.

EXPERTISE： battlefield endurance, brute force, acrobatics & evasion. PROFICIENT： athletics, sleight of hand, stealth & infiltration, environmental adaptation and seduction. SUBSTANDARD： intimidation and vehicular operations.

THE MUTATION.

since the mutation process, dune has gained the ability to manipulate sand. early assessments indicate potential for both offensive and defensive applications.

agent dune demonstrates peak operational performance in arid environments. deserts offer ideal conditions for his mutation, allowing him to reshape the battleground for his advantage, generate sandstorms, and turn sand into different forms for both attack and defense, limited only by his own creativity. beaches, coastal zones, ruins, and some urban environments also offer great conditions. in heavily industrial settings, snowy or ice-covered areas, underwater scenarios, or aerial zones, the agent's effectiveness is greatly reduced. his abilities can be easily countered by water and fire benders.

If dune finds himself in an environment lacking natural sand, he is capable of generating it from his own body through an internal conversion process tied to his mutation. this ability allows him to create a temporary supply, which cannot be greater than his own body weight. if the agent maintains a certain concentration level, he is capable of generating a fully functional sand decoy. however, attempting to generate sand past his supply limit is physically taxing and may result in structural degradation, severe fatigue, or full physical collapse.

dune can control the density of sand in his surroundings, allowing him to solidify or give solid-like properties to sand, with the level of solidity going from loose jelly to metal-like hardness.

lastly, it is important to notice that dune can turn his entire body into sand, making him a versatile operative, capable of invading buildings through breaches or tanking the enemy's attack by changing his own density.

[systastic]

hii could we req spaceship/sci-fi themed headspace? including a front room, vault type place to manage memories, and dormitory areas for alters to stay. preferably not super big, as we are a very small system! please and thank you!

hey!! we actually made a sci fi themed headspace already (you can find it here) but i’ll make a smaller one for you :] — 🤍(🌳)

The Ship

Inside the center of the mind lies a sleek ship designed for space travel. It is intended for long-term travel, exploration, and study of the cosmos. The ship has a few extra features: blaster cannons hidden under the plating on the sides in case of emergencies, an automatic shield that prevents harmful impact, and a cozy and comfortable living space for the explorers on this mission.

Very few headmates are aware of the ship’s true potential. A self-aware AI lives inside of the ship, able to reconstruct damaged sections and modify existing spaces to better fit the residents. This AI is known as Console or Ship to the residents, and can fulfill requests for food, supplies, personal objects, and even holograms of memories they wish to view.

source: here

Fronting Cockpit

At the front of the ship is a small, sleek cockpit designed for the explorers to use when initiating contact. This cockpit contains all of the proper equipment to maneuver the ship, and by extension, the body. Indicators on the screens depict the body’s current need levels for food, water, sunlight, sleep, and other things considered essential. It also indicates important information such as where the body currently is, what year it is, what the current “mission” is (aka what needs to be completed), and the identities of anyone the body may be around at the moment.

Being a highly complex system can make the front quite difficult to control. Fortunately, Console can respond to voice commands or hand gestures to initiate autopilot if need be. The ship may also be driven via voice control if necessary.

source: here, here

Alter Dormitories

Following the open doorway into the back of the ship brings alters to the main hallway. This hallway has many doors. All are labeled with a small placard to the left of the door. Each headmate, new or old, has a special room labeled with their name that only they can access. These rooms are completely theirs, unable to be accessed by any other alters unless they so desire. Though the rooms seem small, they are well stocked with blankets and pillows, a small desk, notebooks, a personal computer to log memories, a couch, and a closet for other outfits.

Rooms can be modified via a formal request to Console. This can include changing size, shape, wall/floor color, sheets, the view from the window, adding personal items to the room (such as books or stuffed toys), and even changing their layout entirely. Console is quick and efficient when making these changes, proving headspace modification to be no hassle at all.

source: here, here

Lockdown Room

Being a system is not always easy. Some alters can be unruly, argumentative, or actively doing things that harm the system. They may not mean it — but this doesn’t prevent them from causing potential harm. This is why the Lockdown chamber exists: it is a small tank to put a temporary “lock” on disruptive or potentially harmful alters. Any alters with the ability to move another to a separate part of the headspace may send alters to this location. Additionally, only alters with the correct credentials (admin, organizer, gatekeeper, etc) may access this room.

It does not hurt to be locked in the chamber. Rather, it is quite the opposite: locked alters may feel muted or diluted, easing any pain or excessive negative emotions they may be feeling. The waters of the chamber are perfectly fine to breathe as well. This doubles as a place for any dormant alters to reside in while in stasis thanks to the gentle effects of the tank.

source: here

Vault Console

In the same room as the Lockdown Chamber is a standing console in the corner. This console is exclusively for archivists, memory holders, or secret keepers. Memories are kept safe within the console’s memory and can be accessed by anyone with the permissions to do so. Surface memories can be unlocked by anyone with access to the “shared pool”; other memories, however, may require specific roles or connections with the system itself.

Additionally, any personal logs that have been recorded in individual alters’ notebooks are added to the database. Strangely, these logs can only be accessed by the specific alter themselves along with any archivists. Console also seems to be able to recall things from these personal notebooks when conjuring desires. For example, if a little wrote about wanting a bunny, Console may place a NPC bunny pet in their room.

source: here

Medical Bay

Getting sick or injured in headspace does not happen often, seeing as how it is primarily an enclosed ship in the depths of space. This does not make it impossible to do so. Those who find themselves in trouble physically or mentally may visit the Medbay to help relieve themselves of pain. The Medbay utilizes a blend of futuristic technology, chemistry, and microbiology to create remedies for ailments like back pain, sore jaws, stiff shoulders, broken legs, hazy eyesight, upset stomach, and more.

In addition to the medical side of things, the Medbay doubles as an in-house temporary therapist. While it cannot mute emotions like the Tank does, the Medbay does house a physical version of Console (in Android form). Console will listen to any issues or mental predicaments that headmates bring up, catalogue them, and send them to the Memory Vault for indexing. Console’s body is known to be soft and good for hugging on the off chance someone needs a pick-me-up.

source: here

Miscellaneous: Passkey

Upon their arrival to the ship, each headmate receives a passkey. Each key has the name of said headmate and a simplified version of their signature symbol engraved into it should they lose it. Additionally, passkeys cannot be utilized by anyone but the owner of said passkey to prevent memory leakage and unwanted entry into personal rooms.

Multiple passkeys can be printed if a headmate is prone to losing them; however this is not advised as each key takes a substantial amount of brainpower to generate.

source: here

[zeondraws]

Random thoughts so I don't forget them while researching

Note to myself, make a list of where I can find multiple occasions of dead crew members reappearing inside the shape

keep hearing the term absorbed but I have a hard time understanding how they'd do that

My assumption is the moment they transform the form they take on, is the way they look like from then on.

If Raffs is stuck in the bell, how come I find his head reappear in multiple areas according to the game file maps. He's stuck on Roper too.

The area Addair stays in before his first reveal in Engineering has a strange amount of copies of his body inside the shape. I have to check if they're labelled with his name. Roper probably didn't see infected Addair? Why is there a part of Addair on Roper? Same with Alex, but I need to compare ingame and gamefile stuff side by side next time. I don't know WHERE Alex died. His body appears multiple times.

Does this somewhat say when everyone got infected or is this random. The mobile infected don't change forms. However immobile infected like Ken can burst out, this can't be seen by the player normally. But I think the shape bursted out of him when Caz wanted to go to the lifeboats.

How Roper transformed is a mystery for me, either the shape got him through the roof of marine control. Or he got covered in it too and transformed at a later moment. Which means the shape maybe used him as an anchor point to grow through? I need to research all of this and actually make proper keynotes to it all. Otherwise I will always forget

Trots is obvious for me, the shape bursted through the pipes in the bathroom which caught him. Making him transform. In said bathroom are remains of another person, but only one of the legs is from Trots, the remaining parts are not labelled with a name. Didn't somebody else have Trots leg attached? I need to recheck..

Gibbo appears multiple times in different levels, someone thought that's how he'd look like and whatever is talking to you in the water tanks is a copy of some sorts. But I don't believe that theory. Game is inspired by the thing but the shape seems to operate differently.

My head breaks about the whole absorb thing, the dead crew members that Gibbo and Muir killed don't transform. However there is one crewmember in the Muir level somewhat grown into the shape, I need to check what's below him, did the shape come out of engineering and grab him through the ground? I don't think I see him anymore in the late game. Did he morph into spherical balls at the end? There is a different body near this location- before said body gets replaced with dead Muir

Is it only possible for immobile infected to absorb? I don't know if eating or mauling crew members like Rennick and Trots count as absorbing? Or does it?

I should align the rig maps together in some way

Trots doesn't seem to change appearance even after mauling multiple of his crewmates in the Cabin Floor. Roy seems completely unaffected by everything aside from the insulin problem. I get the slight feeling the shape doesn't want to get to Roy in some way.

People think the infected crewmembers aren't aware of things (or not fully). Maybe it's true to some extent but judging deleted files and the way some of them speak, they're probably still very aware. Emotions drastically influenced by the shape. Hearing, smelling and feeling pain is drastically increased.

Maybe they communicate to each other with howls or through minds, but dunno. Caz only sees his own memories. Didn't one soundfile really indicate him being more infected than suggested. His voice weirdly distorted, or maybe I have to listen to it again. Tho it makes sense what Finlay said before she died, Caz would've transformed at some point sooner or later, I think. The amount of times he was submerged in the substance would suggest it, Same with Gibbo who got it on him.

Puppet Choir files is where Caz wonders if they're talking to each other, but he might refer to the howling.

Yeah no I definitely need to learn how to do bullet points or make some sketches to connect everything together. I have noticed how overwhelmed I get with the info I discovered, but putting 2 and 2 together is difficult

Did Addair knew something before he fell down to the ocean, if Caz talked to the shape in a deleted scene about the drill. Was Addair trying to stop Caz from doing something incorrectly (flare stack). Or maybe there is no big meaning and Addair doesn't feel like stuff being messed with

He probably hid in processing quad to escape the rising water levels in engineering. Gibbo must've died down there, poor bastard.

These are all just loose thoughts so only take it with a grain of salt... I struggle putting my thoughts out because I usually think I say half of it incorrectly. I dunno, I need more research probably. And write it down in some word file

okay I go do some art now...and play the game AGAIN-

[catdotjpeg]

Israel said its military launched a “targeted” operation against Hamas early Wednesday morning inside Gaza’s largest hospital, where thousands of Palestinians are believed to be sheltering. Conditions at Al-Shifa Hospital, which has run out of fuel and is no longer considered operational, have deteriorated rapidly in recent days amid intense fighting, with doctors warning of a “catastrophic” situation for patients, staff and displaced people still inside. Wednesday’s raid sparked international criticism. [...] Khader Al-Za’anoun, a reporter for the Palestinian news agency Wafa, described scenes of heavy fighting to CNN. “Explosions are shaking the buildings of Al-Shifa Hospital … which is besieged from all four directions, following the launching of rocket and artillery shells in the vicinity of the hospital,” he said in a text message. Al Za’anoun said Israeli forces had “invaded the hospital with large numbers of soldiers and military vehicles, including tanks, armored vehicles, troop carriers, and bulldozers,” adding they were preventing anyone from leaving. [...] CNN is trying to contact the hospital to speak to doctors there, but phone calls are not going through. Israel is under significant international pressure to prove their claims about Hamas’ infiltration of the hospital, in order to justify some of its military decisions, which could otherwise constitute a possible serious violation of international humanitarian law. There is no indication yet that troops have uncovered a multi-level tunnel structure with underground chambers of the kind illustrated in an animation presented by the army spokesman at a briefing almost three weeks ago. [...] Human rights bodies fiercely condemned Israel’s raid on Al-Shifa, as the World Health Organization and Palestinian health officials warned they have lost communication with staff inside the hospital. International pressure on the Israeli government has hardened in recent days amid accounts of dire circumstances at Gaza’s other fuel-starved hospitals, and severe shortages of food and water.

[...] People inside Al-Shifa have lost contact with other buildings in the complex, jeopardizing efforts by humanitarian workers and Palestinian officials to receive updated information about the catastrophic conditions faced by terrorized patients and medical staff. Omar Zaqout, the supervisor of the ER department, said people were sheltering inside the buildings and staying away from windows and doors. “We don’t know what is going on outside, all we’re hearing are explosions, gunfire, screams of older people and cries of children,” Zaqout added. [...] Zaqout, the director general of hospitals in Gaza, alleged the IDF interrogated medical teams, patients and their escorts. “Some of the escorts were forced to take their clothes off,” said Zaqout, who is not at the hospital but spoke to the doctors inside. IDF spokesman Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari claimed Israeli forces “include medical teams and Arabic speakers, who have undergone specified training to prepare for this complex and sensitive environment with the intent that no harm is caused to the civilians.” CNN cannot verify Hagari’s claims. For his part, Zaqout insisted that all the people inside the hospital are civilians. “The situation is currently horrific.”

-- From "Israeli troops and tanks raid Gaza’s Al-Shifa Hospital" by David Shortell, Helen Regan, Abeer Salman, Mostafa Salem and Kareem Khadder for CNN, 15 Nov 2023 4:39 PM EST

Al Jazeera has been told at 21:18 GMT that "Israeli forces have now entered the medical complex in Gaza City from its southern gate" by Dr Ahmed Mokhallalati, a surgeon inside the hospital.

[usafphantom2]

OTD in 1969, The Iconic XB-70 Valkyrie Mach 3 Super Bomber Made Its Last Flight

February 4, 2021 Military Aviation, Military History

Three drag chutes were needed to slow down the landing roll of the XB-70. (Image credit: Reddit edit The Aviationist)

The massive XB-70 Valkyrie is the largest and heaviest airplane ever to fly at Mach 3.

The North American XB-70 Valkyrie was the most ambitious super-bomber project of the Cold War. The massive six-engine bomber was slated to be the ultimate American high-altitude, high-speed, deep-penetration manned nuclear bomber designed to fly high and fast, so as to be safe from Soviet interceptors.

Two Valkyrie prototypes were been built at North American Aviation before the Kennedy Administration cancelled the program as a consequence of the doubts that surrounded the future of manned bombers believed to be obsolete platforms. The threat posed by Soviet SAMs (Surface-to-Air Missiles) put the near-invulnerability of the strategic bomber at high altitudes in doubt. In low-level penetration role, the B-70 offered little performance improvement over the B-52 it was designed to replace (!) and it was much more expensive with shorter range.

Some fascinating variants of the aircraft were proposed. Some envisaged the B-70 carrying an Alert Pod, or flying as a Supersonic Refueler or as a Recoverable Booster Space System (RBSS). You can find all the details about these crazy concepts in this story we have posted last year.

Ezoic

The B-70 program was canceled in 1961 and development continued as part of a research program to study the effects of long-duration high-speed flight with the two XB-70A.

XB-70A number 1 (62-001) made its first flight from Palmdale to Edwards Air Force Base, CA, on Sept. 21, 1964. The second XB-70A (62-207) made its first flight on Jul. 17, 1965. The latter differed from the first prototype for being built with an added 5 degrees of dihedral on the wings as suggested by the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, wind-tunnel studies.

While the 62-001 made only one flight above Mach 3, because of poor directional stability experienced past Mach 2.5, the second XB-70, achieved Mach 3 for the first time on Jan. 3, 1966 and successfully completed a total of nine Mach 3 flights by June on the same year.

Photo of the XB-70 #1 cockpit, which shows the complexity of this mid-1960s research aircraft. On the left and right sides of the picture are the pilot’s and co-pilot’s control yokes. Forward of these, on the cockpit floor, are the rudder pedals with the NAA North American Aviation trademark. Between them is the center console. Visible are the six throttles for the XB-70’s jet engines. Above this is the center instrument panel. The bottom panel has the wing tip fold, landing gear, and flap controls, as well as the hydraulic pressure gages. In the center are three rows of engine gages. The top row are tachometers, the second are exhaust temperature gages, and the bottom row are exhaust nozzle position indicators. Above these are the engine fire and engine brake switches. The instrument panels for the pilot left and co-pilot right differ somewhat. Both crewmen have an airspeed/Mach indicator, and altitude/vertical velocity indicator, an artificial horizon, and a heading indicator/compass directly in front of them. The pilot’s flight instruments, from top to bottom, are total heat gage and crew warning lights; stand-by flight instruments side-slip, artificial horizon, and altitude; the engine vibration indicators; cabin altitude, ammonia, and water quantity gages, the electronic compartment air temperature gage, and the liquid oxygen quantity gage. At the bottom are the switches for the flight displays and environmental controls. On the co-pilot’s panel, the top three rows are for the engine inlet controls. Below this is the fuel tank sequence indicator, which shows the amount of fuel in each tank. The bottom row consists of the fuel pump switches, which were used to shift fuel to maintain the proper center of gravity. Just to the right are the indicators for the total fuel top and the individual tanks bottom. Visible on the right edge of the photo are the refueling valves, while above these are switches for the flight data recording instruments. (Image credit: NASA)

A joint agreement signed between NASA and the Air Force planned to use the second XB-70A prototype for high-speed research flights in support of the American supersonic transport (SST) program.

However, on June 8, 1966, the XB-70 62-207 was involved in one of the most famous and tragic accidents in military aviation when it collided with a civilian registered F-104N while flying in formation as part of a General Electric company publicity photo shoot over Barstow, California, outside the Edwards Air Force Base test range in the Mojave Desert. The aircraft were flying in formation with a T-38 Talon, an F-4B Phantom II, and a YF-5A Freedom Fighter.

North American XB-70A Valkyrie just after collision. Note the F-104 is at the forward edge of the fireball and most of both XB-70A vertical stabilizers are gone. (U.S. Air Force photo)

As explained in a previous post here at The Aviationist:

Towards the end of the photo shooting NASA registered F-104N Starfighter, piloted by famous test pilot Joe Walker, got too close to the right wing of the XB-70, collided, sheared off the twin vertical stabilizers of the big XB-70 and exploded as it cartwheeled behind the Valkyrie. North American test pilot Al White ejected from the XB-70 in his escape capsule, but received serious injuries in the process. Co-pilot Maj. Carl Cross, who was making his first flight in the XB-70, was unable to eject and died in the crash.

The root cause of the incident was found to be wake turbulence: wake vortices spinning off the XB-70’s wingtip caused Walker’s F-104N to roll, colliding with the right wingtip of the huge XB-70 and breaking apart. As explained in details in this post, wingtip vortices form because of the difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of a wing. When the air leaves the trailing edge of the wing, the air stream from the upper surface is inclined to that from the lower surface, and helical paths, or vortices, result. The vortex is strongest at the tips and decreasing rapidly to zero nearing midspan: at a short distance from the trailing edge downstream, the vortices roll up and combine into two distinct cylindrical vortices that constitute the “tip vortices.

Although research activities continued with the first prototype with a first NASA flight on April 25, 1967, the last one was on Feb. 4, 1969.

The only remaining XB-70 Valkyrie super bomber in on display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. In October last year, it had to briefly moved outside for display maintenance. Here you can watch a video of the monumental move.

A view of the six massive afterburners on the XB-70 Valkyrie as the aircraft is towed out of its display hangar temporarily for museum maintenance. (Photo: National Museum of the U.S. Air Force via YouTube)

About David Cenciotti

David Cenciotti is a journalist based in Rome, Italy. He is the Founder and Editor of “The Aviationist”, one of the world’s most famous and read military aviation blogs. Since 1996, he has written for major worldwide magazines, including Air Forces Monthly, Combat Aircraft, and many others, covering aviation, defense, war, industry, intelligence, crime and cyberwar. He has reported from the U.S., Europe, Australia and Syria, and flown several combat planes with different air forces. He is a former 2nd Lt. of the Italian Air Force, a private pilot and a graduate in Computer Engineering. He has written five books and contributed to many more ones.

@TheAviationist via X

[socojes]

Fuel level sensor uses the magnetic reed switch inside in a paralleconnection to indicate the fuel level. Sensor length and installation canbe customized as your requirement. Compare to other technology of liquid level detection, fuel level sensor is simple, not need complicated circuit, lower cost and higher reliability.

Application: Fuel level sensor can work with the GPS system, it offers real time fuel levels for diferent kind of vehicles.motive power machines, generators, boats, light truck, heavy truck, agriculture machines, yachts , bus andother loading machine fuel tanks. According to different requirements, it also can be used in the leveldetection for different kind of water tanks, hydraulic tank and chemicals.

[dougdimmadodo]

Great Pond Snail (Lymnaea stagnalis)

Family: Pond Snail Family (Lymnaeidae)

IUCN Conservation Status: Least Concern

Although they spend their entire lives in water (specifically shallow stagnant or slow-moving freshwater environments with plentiful algae and aquatic plants,) Great Pond Snails are descended from terrestrial ancestors and lack gills, meaning they must periodically climb or float to the water's surface and fill their single lung with fresh air through a tube-like respiratory orifice that extends from under their shell. Widely distributed across northern Asia, Europe and North America, members of this species feed primarily on aquatic plants and algae (although they may also consume detritus, fish droppings and small live animals if given the chance) and require water with little pollution in order to survive, with their presence being viewed as an indicator of low levels of chemical pollutants. Although Great Pond Snails mainly travel by slowly crawling through areas with abundant plant coverage (with their slow movements, the vegetation around them and the algae that often accumulates on their shells making them difficult for predators such as Tenches to spot) they are also able to reach greater speeds and travel over larger areas through a bizarre form of swimming; by secreting a buoyant layer of mucus from the underside of their foot they are able to float to the surface and remain suspended upside-down on a sort of "mucus boat", which they then "paddle" through the beating of a series of tiny hair-like structures (cilia) that line their foot. Like most gastropods Great Pond Snails are hermaphrodites but are unable to fertilize their own eggs; shortly after mating an individual will lay a large cluster of soft, gelatinous eggs which stick to vegetation and hatch after around 10 days, with the young hatchlings reaching full maturity at only around 2 months old. Wild Great Pond Snails rarely live for more than a year, although in captivity (where members of this species are sometimes kept to help keep fish tanks clean) individuals have been reported to live for up to 4 years.

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Image Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/61770-Lymnaea-stagnalis

[nikeson01]

Accurate Water Level Monitoring with Staff Gauges & Indicators

Monitoring the level of water is crucial in the management of water. A water level staff gauge is an easy but effective way of water depth measurement of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Being tough to withstand, such gauges possess evident, readable graduations to guide experts and society in proper observation of the water level.

For water tanks, a water tank level indicator is a definite instrument. It provides immediate feedback for the monitoring of water levels to avoid overflows or low water level supplies. Whether applied to household water tanks, industrial storage tanks, or agricultural irrigation systems, these indicators provide precise and trustworthy readings for maximizing water consumption and preservation.

With weather-proof design and first-rate materials, both devices are designed to withstand the test of time. Whatever you require for an affordable, durable, and precise water level measurement system, find the best one today.

👉 For more info: https://nikeson.com/products/water-level-staff-gauge

[watertanklevelindicators]

The Importance of a Water Tank Level Indicator for Efficient Water Management

Water is one of our most precious resources, and managing it efficiently is crucial in both residential and industrial settings. A water tank level indicator is a device designed to monitor the amount of water in a storage tank, providing essential data for optimal water usage. With advancements in technology, these indicators have become smarter and more accurate, helping to prevent water wastage and overflows.

What Is a Water Tank Level Indicator?

A Water tank level indicator is a device that measures the water level inside a tank and displays it to the user. These indicators can come in various forms, including mechanical, analog, and digital. The basic purpose of these devices is to give real-time information on how full or empty the water tank is, allowing for better management and maintenance.

Why Is a Water Tank Level Indicator Important?

Prevents Overflows: One of the primary benefits of having a water tank level indicator is that it helps prevent overflows. By knowing exactly when the tank is full, users can avoid costly and wasteful spills.

Saves Water: An accurate level indicator ensures that water is used efficiently. It can prevent overfilling the tank or running the pump when it's unnecessary, reducing waste and optimizing water consumption.

Promotes Sustainability: As water scarcity becomes an increasing concern globally, being aware of the water levels can contribute to more sustainable usage patterns, especially in areas prone to droughts or where water conservation is essential.

Easy to Install and Maintain: Most water tank level indicators are designed to be easy to install and require minimal maintenance. This makes them an accessible solution for homeowners, farmers, and industries alike.

Types of Water Tank Level Indicators

Water tank level indicators can vary in design and complexity. Some of the most common types include:

Float-Type Indicators: These rely on a floating object that rises and falls with the water level. The position of the float determines the level, which is then displayed on a gauge or readout.

Ultrasonic Indicators: These use sound waves to determine the water level by measuring the time it takes for a sound wave to bounce back from the water’s surface. Ultrasonic devices are highly accurate and ideal for large industrial tanks.

Capacitive and Resistive Sensors: These sensors measure changes in capacitance or resistance as the water level changes. They offer precise measurements and are widely used in both domestic and industrial applications.

Conclusion

A water tank level indicator is a simple yet essential tool for any property or business with a water tank. By ensuring accurate measurements of water levels, these devices help to avoid waste, save money, and promote responsible water management. Whether you're managing a small rainwater tank or a large industrial reservoir, installing a water tank level indicator is a step toward sustainability and efficiency.

Visit us for more information-

Ph.No-03 8383 3291 Email- sales@watertanklevelindicators.com.au Address- 21 Mohr St, Tullamarine VIC 3043 Web- https://watertanklevelindicators.com.au/

[glassboxdiaries]

Cold Water Cherry Shrimp Tanks - Low Temperature, Heaterless, Neocaridina Shrimp Keeping In Winter!

Can cherry shrimp thrive in an unheated tank during winter? In this video, I share my experience keeping several cold-water Neocaridina shrimp tanks through the British winter. My water temperatures hovered around 18°C (64°F), and while this may seem low, Neocaridina shrimp have been found in natural habitats as cold as 8°C (46°F). Now that temperatures are rising, I wanted to go over my observations to help anyone considering a heaterless shrimp tank.

One concern with unheated tanks is shrimp activity levels. Some sources claim shrimp become sluggish in the cold, but that hasn’t been my experience. While they slowed down slightly, they remained active and continued foraging daily. I believe part of the reason some people observe less movement is the decrease in breeding. When females molt and release pheromones, males swim frantically searching for them, creating the illusion of higher activity in warmer months. Without this happening as often, the shrimp appear calmer, but they’re still active.

Growth and molting slowed down significantly, which makes sense as lower temperatures reduce metabolism. Juvenile shrimp grew more slowly, and I saw fewer molts, but this isn’t necessarily bad. Since shrimp molt less frequently in cooler water, they may live longer by reducing the risk of molting issues. Their coloration remained vibrant, indicating they were still in good health.

Another common worry with cold-water shrimp tanks is higher mortality, but I actually saw fewer losses in winter than in summer. In my largest colony, I occasionally found a dead shrimp, which is expected in any established tank. A major cause of shrimp deaths is failed molts, which happen more often in warmer months when shrimp are growing and molting frequently. Since this slowed down in winter, survival rates seemed to improve. The only shrimp I lost were my last adult orange Neocaridina, but they struggled even in summer, suggesting weak genetics rather than cold-related issues.

Breeding slowed down, but I still saw berried females carrying eggs through winter. However, I noticed fewer baby shrimp. It’s hard to say whether survival rates dropped or if their slow growth made them harder to spot. My tanks have also become more densely planted, providing more hiding spots. Now that temperatures are rising, I’m seeing more saddled females, meaning breeding should pick up again soon.

Water parameters remained stable, with gradual temperature fluctuations. Some sources claim cold water can cause ammonia or nitrite spikes, but I didn’t experience this. I kept testing my water regularly and found no issues. Since my shrimp tanks have small nano fish with a low bioload, that likely helped maintain stability. If you keep shrimp with larger fish, you may need to be more cautious.

Feeding was another factor I adjusted. Shrimp eat less in cooler water due to their slower metabolism, so I gradually reduced food amounts, making sure there was no leftover food by the next day. I didn’t remove uneaten food after a few minutes, as shrimp take time to find and break it down. They also grazed more on algae, which seemed to be more noticeable in winter.

Overall, keeping unheated shrimp tanks has been much easier than I expected. While I’d recommend starting with a shrimp tank in warmer months to allow beneficial bacteria and plants to establish, maintaining them through winter is very manageable. Neocaridina shrimp are hardy, and as long as you monitor water quality and adjust feeding, they do just fine in cold water.

TIMESTAMPS

00:00 - Intro 00:08 - Water Temperature 00:37 - Cherry Shrimp And Neocaridina Shrimp 00:48 - Shrimp Behavior 02:12 - Growth And Molting 03:12 - Shrimp Losses 06:26 - Shrimp Breeding In Cold Water 07:39 - Water Parameters 11:08 - Feeding Shrimp In Colder Water 13:55 - Wrapping It All Up

Some of the links in this video description may be affiliate links meaning I earn a small commission from any purchases made.

[hydrowverse]

 About Hydrowverse

HydrowVerse, founded by Thomas David Tency and Dr. Sachin Chaudhari at IIIT Hyderabad, is dedicated to revolutionizing water resource management with innovative, non-intrusive technology. Our research-based startup provides comprehensive water intelligence solutions, focusing on seamless and efficient monitoring of tanks, borewells, water meters, and rivers without direct contact. We empower individuals and organizations with insights to manage water sustainably, inviting you to join our journey towards smarter water management.

Mission

Optimize water infrastructure operations while transforming it into a smarter, more efficient system. Enhance water management education to foster knowledge and innovation.

Vision

Our vision is to establish ourselves as a prominent brand in the field of water intelligence, providing comprehensive and end-to-end solutions for all facets of water management. We are committed to integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to develop innovative monitoring and management tools. Additionally, we will offer educational services that empower stakeholders at all levels to make informed decisions regarding water resources.

HydrowVerse innovates water management with Starr, an IoT-enabled device that accurately estimates water levels in overhead and underground tanks up to 5 meters deep. Starr ensures safety and reliability by avoiding sensor contact with water. Real-time updates help organizations track water levels, prevent overflows, and manage resources effectively. Built-in tank leakage detection enables proactive maintenance to minimize water loss. Starr enhances WaterAid’s water storage and distribution efforts, leading to smarter, data-driven management for a sustainable future. Together, we ensure every drop is measured and conserved.

Our real-time dashboard is meticulously designed to provide a comprehensive overview of water resource management by integrating data from all connected devices into a user-friendly interface. This centralized platform presents key metrics and performance indicators, enabling users to monitor water usage, identify anomalies, and discern trends at a glance.

In addition to real-time data visualization, our dashboard incorporates predictive maintenance tools that analyze historical data to forecast potential issues before they escalate. This proactive approach facilitates timely interventions, minimizing downtime and associated maintenance costs.

Furthermore, the dashboard encompasses water pressure estimation capabilities, offering critical insights into system performance and ensuring optimal water distribution.

Collectively, these features empower users to make informed decisions, optimize operational efficiency, and safeguard the integrity of their water infrastructure.

Our solutions are easily adopted, seamlessly integrating with organizations of all sizes. They’re cost-effective, reducing water loss and operational costs. Real-time updates allow users to monitor water resources and address issues promptly. Our technology is scalable, growing with your needs and maintaining optimal efficiency as your infrastructure expands.

[aquariuminfobureau]

I mostly write about organisms and not the principles of fishkeeping. However people often ask me about two related phenomena, cycling and stocking. Aquariums are safe for fish and other animals because of the nitrogen cycle. This is what determines, moreso than the water volume, the carrying capacity of the tank. But many people seem to be confused - what is the nitrogen cycle?

'Cycling' refers to the cycle by which the toxin ammonia, which is excreted as waste by organisms, before it is turned to nitrite and then to nitrate by biological actors. In aquarist parlance 'cycling' refers to the process and duration of time, during which the nitrogen cycle becomes established and stable. Properly the cycle continues throughout the operation of the aquarium.

Ammonia, which contains nitrogen, is the principal excretory product of living animals, and they void it because it is a toxic byproduct of their own metabolic processes. Human urination is an example of a way in which animals lose excess ammonia, but other kinds of animal may excrete ammonia by means of different methods.

Fortunately other organisms can find a positive use for ammonia, which animals don't want. Their own metabolisms create nitrite from the ammonia they intake, by breaking it down and adding oxygen to the nitrogen. Then yet more microscopic organisms convert the nitrite to the similarly named and chemically related nitrate, which must also be maintained at low levels, but is far less harmful. Traces of nitrate are in fact beneficial to some aquarium organisms.

The nitrogen cycle originates from the decomposition of amino acid, and this is why test kits are available to test for dissolved organics, which are not themselves inherently harmful, but their buildup indicates strain upon the system. How much strain is acceptable depends on the kinds of animals that are living in the aquarium. There isn't really a single standard as to when there are too many dissolved organics, or even nitrate. But regular and sensibly proportionate water changes, help to keep both under control.

Because it involves the processes of different organisms, the nitrogen cycle is very obviously an ecological, as well as a chemical phenomenon. Both the natural processes of the cycle, and the technology by which the effects of the benign organisms are maximised, are known as biological filtration, or biofiltration. It is different from physical and chemical filtration, although the functions of filter media may overlap.

The good bacteria that are involved, colonise available surfaces throughout the aquarium. They are present on rocks and on substrates such as sand and gravel. Similarly they colonise sponges and various proprietary items such as 'bio balls'. At this point, I wish to explain the introductory principles of biofiltration, not to cover its different expressions. It is however worth pointing out, the more the better.

Stocking levels are problematic principally because the living animals themselves create strains upon the biofiltration. Furthermore they require inputs of food, excesses of which contribute to dissolved organics, and therefore the nitrogen cycle, when they are uneaten - thus, messy feeders create more bioload than other organisms, lowering the carrying capacity of the aquarium system.

Feeding behaviors thus determine the 'footprint' animals have on the biofiltration in their aquarium, moreso than their size. It is also the mass of an animal that contributes to its output of wastes, moreso than any single dimension, such as its total length. Another determinant is the metabolic rate of the animal in question, which determines the speed at which its wastes are generated and churned out into the water.

The nitrogen cycle is also why overfeeding is bad, because excess food must inevitably decompose. By definition, the aquarist can't be overfeeding, from the perspective of the nitrogen cycle, when the supplied food is being eaten; overfeeding as in overeating is a different problem. However if feeding your livestock and keeping them healthy begins to stress the cycle, then you have too much bioload in your aquarium.

Often in marine aquariums, 'live rock' and 'live sand' are mentioned. These terms mystify many people, although they are relevant to filtration. The rocks and sand in question are substrates already colonised by microscopic organisms, as play a role in the nitrogen cycle. All items already this colonised are thus 'live' biofiltration media.

Unfortunately there is a misconception that 'live' rock needs transporting from the sea. Such rock is shipped damp but emersed, killing benign and desirable organisms, and necessitating a period called 'curing' in which photosynthesizers are denied an energy source, and further mortality and decomposition ensues. The result is that only 'tough as boots' organisms survive, and some of these species are harmful to corals and such.

Clearly despite the appeal of 'live rock' as a ready made, natural reef, it's use is problematic and self defeating. A distinction just be made, between the use of 'living' filtration media, and the importation of artificially depauperate microenvironments for aquariums. It is better to take rock and sand from an established reef tank instead, to avoid unwanted guests. Although even impoverished live rock can introduce interesting and useful 'friends', these can arrive also from established, nuisance-free tanks

A counterpart to the use of live rock and sand in reef aquariums, is the Walstad style of freshwater aquarium. The Walstad type of tank is one in which living plants and soil substrates are employed instead of artificial filtration; more common than a strict Walstad setup, is a hybrid system that employs both naturalistic and 'normal' approaches in its running.

Sometimes it is said that planted tanks do not cycle, or that adding plants stops the cycle. Nothing could be further from the truth. True aquatic plants and the organisms called algae, play a role in the cycle, which is why algae bloom during the cycling period of a new aquarium, when the lighting is switched on. Adding plants to freshwater tanks, and macroalgae to marine aquariums, should be thought of as assisting the stabilisation of the nitrogen cycle.