#landgrave frederick charles of hesse

[ollietalkshistory]

Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege was described as a great beauty but there are no portraits of her. The portrait shown is of her mother.

Juliana was taken to the royal Swedish court to be brought up there as the future queen of Sweden by queen dowager Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, with the prospect of being married to her cousin, Charles XI, when he reached adulthood.

These plans never came about. In 1672, during a carriage ride in Stockholm with the queen dowager, Juliana fell to the floor of the carriage in labour. The father of the child proved to be a married officer of the court, Count Gustaf Lillie. The count was exiled, and Juliana was sent to the country, where she was given her own estate and court. The child, a son, was named after his father, Gustaf Gustafsson Lillie, was later raised by Baron Gustaf Adolf von der Osten. His fate is unknown.

The estate Juliana was sent to was run by a Dutch housekeeper named Marchand, who was the widow of a grocer, and she had a son, Johan Jakob, with him. This would be the second time Juliana became pregnant out-of-wedlock. In 1679, Juliana's cousin, King Charles, gave her his permission to marry her lover, who was given the title Baron von Lilienburg. They married on 22 February 1680 in Sweden.

The couple moved far away from the Swedish court to the Netherlands, where Johan was offered a government position in IJsselstein by Stadtholder William III, who was distantly related to Juliana. The couple had eight children. Juliana died in IJsselstein in 1693, followed by Johan 1703.

I found Juliana interesting because her mother had a similar scandal to hers: After her wedding to Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege, Eleonora confessed before her husband, "on her knees", that she had had a six week affair with French lute-player Beschon, and was pregnant with his child. Frederick decided to act like nothing happened and hide the matter, but it became a known scandal.

Beschon wrote a composition to Eleonora which he sent her along with a letter dated 28 February 1647, but she gave it to her brother; these documents are now preserved in the Stegeborg collection.

[world-of-wales]

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[graceofromanovs]

How the last Russian dynasty were related to European Monarchies (current and former):

The House of Hanover (Royal House that ruled Hanover, Great Britain, Ireland and the British Empire-its last ruler was Queen Victoria) and the��House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (Imperial Dynasty of Russia) were related, their common ancestors were Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, King George III of the United Kingdom and many others.

[tiny-librarian]

Royal Birthdays for today, May 1st:

Rudolf I, King of Germany, 1218

Magnus VI, King of Norway, 1238

Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor of China, 1326

Sidonie, Princess of Bavaria, 1408

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 1850

Frederick Charles, Landgrave of Hesse, 1868

Guillaume, Prince of Luxembourg, 1963

Lady Sarah Chatto, Daughter of Princess Margaret, 1964

[princessvictoriamelita]

Baby Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse-Kassel in 1868.

He was the husband of Princess Margaret of Prussia.

[widvile-blog]

Anna of Prussia, Landgravine of Hesse (17 May 1836 - 12 June 1918)

[catherinesboleyn]

Every English Princess Ever

You’ve heard of Every Queen of England Ever, now I present to you another product that proves I have way too much time on my hands! If you notice any mistakes, please point them out to me kindly. I am sorry I do not know everything, but there is no reason to be rude. 😁

Æthelswith - Daughter of Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh. She married King Burgred of Mercia in 853, making her the Queen of Mercia.

Æthelflæd - Daughter of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith. When her husband Æthelred, Lord of Mercians died in 911, she became Lady of the Mercians, and reigned for seven years.

Æthelgifu - Daughter of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith. When Alfred founded Shaftesbury Abbey in 890, he made her its first abbess.

Ælfthryth - Daughter of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith. Her marriage to Baldwin II, Count of Flanders made her Countess of Flanders.

Eadgifu - Daughter of Edward the Elder and his second wife Ælfflæd. She was Queen of West Francia by her marriage to Charles III.

Eadhild - Daughter of Edward the Elder and his second wife Ælfflæd. She married Hugh, Duke of the Franks in 937.

Eadgyth - Daughter of Edward the Elder and his second wife Ælfflæd. She married Otto in 930, who became Otto I, King of Germany in 936, also making her Queen of Germany.

Eadburh - Daughter of Edward the Elder and his third wife Eadgifu. She lived her life as a nun.

Godgifu - Daughter of Æthelred the Unready and his second wife Emma of Normandy. Her marriage to Eustace II, Count of Boulogne made her Countess of Boulogne.

Gunhilda - Daughter of Cnut the Great and his second wife Emma of Normandy. She became Queen of Germany when she married Henry III.

Gytha - Daughter of Harold II and Edith Swanneck. She was Princess of Rus from her marriage to Vladimir II Monomakh.

Adeliza - Daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders.

Cecilia - Daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She was entered into the Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Caen at a young age, and became Abbess in 1112.

Constance - Daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She became Duchess of Brittany when she married Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.

Adela - Daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She was Countess of Blois by her marriage to Stephen, Count of Blois, and was regent of Blois two times.

Empress Matilda - Daughter of Henry I and Matilda of Scotland. She became Holy Roman Empress in 1114, and acted as Queen of England from 1141 to 1148, but was disputed.

Marie I - Daughter of Stephen and Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne. When her brother William I, Count of Boulogne died childless in 1159, Marie succeeded him as the Countess of Boulogne.

Matilda - Daughter of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. She was Duchess of Saxony and Bavaria from her marriage to Henry the Lion.

Eleanor - Daughter of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. She became Queen of Castile and Toledo when she married Alfonso VIII.

Joan - Daughter of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. She was Queen of Sicily by her marriage to William II until his death in 1189, and became Countess of Toulouse when she married Raymond VI in 1196.

Joan - Daughter of John and Isabella of Angoulême. She was Queen of Scotland by her marriage to Alexander II.

Isabella - Daughter of John and Isabella of Angoulême. She was Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Sicily and Germany by her marriage to Frederick II.

Eleanor - Daughter of John and Isabella of Angoulême. She was Countess of Pembroke by her first marriage to William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and Countess of Leicester by her second marriage to Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

Margaret - Daughter of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. She was Queen of Scotland by her marriage to Alexander III.

Beatrice - Daughter of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. (Her wikipedia says she was Countess of Richmond, which I’m not sure is true or not. Her husband was the Duke of Brittany, but it is possible she somehow inherited the title in her own right).

Katherine - Daughter of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. She passed away at the age of three.

Eleanor - Daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. She was Countess of Bar by her marriage to Henry III, Count of Bar.

Joan of Acre - Daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. She was Countess of Hertford and Gloucester by her first marriage to Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester and 6th Earl of Hertford.

Margaret - Daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. She was Duchess of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg by her marriage to John II.

Mary of Woodstock - Daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. She was a nun at Amesbury Priory.

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan - Daughter of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. She was Countess of Holland by her first marriage to John I, and Countess of Hereford by her second marriage to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford.

Eleanor of Woodstock - Daughter of Edward II and Isabella of France. She was Duchess of Guelders by her marriage to Reginald II, and was regent of Guelders while her son was still young.

Joan of the Tower - Daughter of Edward II and Isabella of France. She got her name from being born in the Tower of London. Joan was Queen of Scotland by her marriage to David II.

Isabella - Daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She was Countess of Bedford and Lady of Coucy by her marriage to Enguerrand VIII, and was made a Lady of the Garter in 1376.

Joan - Daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She died during the Black Death at the age of fourteen.

Mary of Waltham - Daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She was Duchess of Brittany by her marriage to John IV, Duke of Brittany, and was made a Lady of the Garter in 1378. She died young at the age of sixteen.

Margaret of Windsor - Daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. She was Countess of Pembroke by her marriage to John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Margaret died young at the age of fifteen.

Blanche of Lancaster - Daughter of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. She was Electress Palatine by her marriage to Louis III, Electress Palatine.

Philippa of Lancaster - Daughter of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. She was Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway by her marriage to Eric III, VIII & XIII.

Elizabeth of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was Queen of England by her marriage to Henry VII.

Mary of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She died at the age of fourteen.

Cecily of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was First Lady of the Bedchamber to her sister, Elizabeth of York, from 1485 to 1487. Cecily was Viscountess Welles by her marriage to John Welles, 1st Viscount Welles.

Margaret of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She died at just eight months old.

Anne of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was First Lady of the Bedchamber to her sister, Elizabeth of York, from 1487 to 1494.

Catherine of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was Countess of Devon by her marriage to William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon.

Bridget of York - Daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was a nun at Dartford Priory.

Margaret Tudor - Daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. She was Queen of Scotland by her marriage to James IV of Scotland.

Elizabeth Tudor - Daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. She died at the age of three.

Mary Tudor - Daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. She was Queen of France by her first marriage to Louis XII of France, and Duchess of Suffolk by her second marriage to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.

Mary I - Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. She was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558, and Queen of Spain by her marriage to Philip II of Spain.

Elizabeth I - Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was Queen of England from 1558 to 1603.

Elizabeth Stuart - Daughter of James VI & I and Anne of Denmark. She was Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia by her marriage to Frederick V.

Margaret Stuart - Daughter of James VI & I and Anne of Denmark. She died at the age of one year old.

Mary Stuart - Daughter of James VI & I and Anne of Denmark. She died at the age of two years old.

Sophia Stuart - Daughter of James VI & I and Anne of Denmark. She lived for just one day.

Mary - Daughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. She was Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau by her marriage to William II, Prince of Orange.

Elizabeth Stuart - Daughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. She died at the age of fourteen.

Anne Stuart - Daughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. She died at the age of three.

Henrietta - Daughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. She was Duchess of Orléans by her marriage to Philippe I, Duke of Orléans.

Mary II - Daughter of James II & VII and Anne Hyde. She was Queen of England from 1689 to 1694.

Anne - Daughter of James II & VII and Anne Hyde. She was Queen of England and Great Britain from 1702 to 1714.

Louisa Maria Stuart - Daughter of James II & VII and Mary of Modena. She died at the age of nineteen.

Sophia Dorothea of Hanover - Daughter of George I and Sophia Dorothea of Celle. She was Queen of Prussia and Electress Brandenburg by her marriage to Frederick William I of Prussia.

Anne - Daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach. She was Princess of Orange by her marriage to William IV, Prince of Orange.

Amelia of Great Britain - Daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach.

Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain - Daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach.

Mary of Great Britain - Daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach. She was Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel by her marriage to Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.

Louise of Great Britain - Daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach. She was Queen of Denmark and Norway by her marriage to Frederick V of Denmark.

Charlotte - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was Duchess, Electress and Queen of Württemberg by her marriage to Frederick I of Württemberg.

Augusta Sophia - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Elizabeth - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by her marriage to Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

Mary - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh by her marriage to Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh.

Sophia - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Amelia - Daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Charlotte of Wales - Daughter of George IV and Caroline of Brunswick. She was their only child, and died before both of them.

Charlotte Augusta Louisa of Clarence - Daughter of William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. She died shortly after birth.

Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide of Clarence - Daughter of William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. She died shortly after birth.

Victoria - Daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was German Empress and Queen of Prussia by her marriage to Frederick III, German Emperor.

Alice - Daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was Grand Duchess of Hesse and Rhine by her marriage to Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.

Helena - Daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was Princess of Schleswig-Holstein by her marriage to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein.

Louise - Daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was Duchess of Argyll and Viceregal of Canada by her marriage to John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll.

Beatrice - Daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She was Princess of Battenberg by her marriage to Prince Henry of Battenberg.

Louise of Wales - Daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark. She was Duchess of Fife by her marriage to Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife.

Victoria of Wales - Daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark.

Maud of Wales - Daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark. She was Queen of Norway by her marriage to Haakon VII of Norway.

Mary of York - Daughter of George V and Mary of Teck. She was Countess of Harewood by her marriage to Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood.

Elizabeth II - Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She is Queen of the UK from 1952 to present.

Margaret Rose of York - Daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She was Countess of Snowdon.

Anne of Edinburgh - Daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.

[venicepearl]

Princess Maria Anna Amalia of Courland (12 June 1653 – 16 June 1711) was a landgravine of Hesse-Kassel through her marriage to Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. She was the child of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia and Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg. Her eldest son was King Frederick I of Sweden. One of her daughters is the most recent common ancestor of all currently reigning monarchs in Europe.

[roehenstart]

Princess Margaret of Prussia was a daughter of Frederick III of Prussia and Victoria, Princess Royal. She married Frederick Charles of Hesse-Kassel, the elected King of Finland, making her the would-be Queen of Finland had he not decided to renounce the throne on 14 December 1918. In 1926 they assumed the titles of Landgrave and Landgravine of Hesse. She lost three sons in World Wars I and II.

[wgabry]

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince Maximilian, Prince Philipp and Prince Wolfgang of Hesse-Kassel, the first four children of Princess Margaret of Prussia and Frederick Charles, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse.

[the-paintrist]

Lucas Cranach the Elder - Portrait of the Elector John Frederic the Magnanimous of Saxony - 1531

Johann Frederick I (German: Johann Friedrich I; 30 June 1503 in Torgau – 3 March 1554 in Weimar), called Johann the Magnanimous, was Elector of Saxony (1532-1547) and head of the Schmalkaldic League.

He consolidated the Lutheran State Church by the institution of an electoral consistory (1542) and renewed the church visitation. He took a firmer and more decided stand than his father in favor of the Schmalkaldic League, but on account of his strictly Lutheran convictions was involved in difficulties with the Landgrave of Hesse, who favored a union with the Swiss and Strasburg Evangelicals. He was averse to all propositions of Popes Clement VII and Paul III to support calling a General Council, because he was convinced that it would only serve "for the preservation of the papal and anti-Christian rule"; but to be prepared for any event, he requested Luther to summarize all articles to which he would adhere before a council, and Luther wrote the Schmalkald Articles. At the Diet of Schmalkalden in 1537 the council was refused, and the elector treated the papal legate with open disregard and rejected the propositions of Dr. Held, the imperial legate.

The Schmalkaldic League (German: Schmalkaldischer Bund; Latin: Foedus Smalcaldicum) was a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. Although originally started for religious motives soon after the start of the Reformation, its members later came to have the intention that the League would replace the Holy Roman Empire as their focus of political allegiance.While it was not the first alliance of its kind, unlike previous formations, such as the League of Torgau, the Schmalkaldic League had a substantial military to defend its political and religious interests. It received its name from the town of Schmalkalden, which is located in modern Thuringia.

The formation of the Smalcald League in 1531 and the threatening attitude of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who, in April 1532, assumed the offensive with an army of 300,000 men, caused Ferdinand of Austria to grant the religious peace. Ferdinand had made humiliating overtures to Suleiman and, as long as he hoped for a favourable response, was not inclined to grant the peace, which the Protestants demanded at the Diet of Regensburg, which met in April 1532. However, as the army of Suleiman drew nearer, he yielded, and on July 23, 1532 the peace was concluded at Nuremberg, where the final deliberations took place. Those who had joined the Reformation obtained religious liberty until the meeting of a council and in a separate compact all proceedings in matters of religion pending before the imperial chamber court were temporarily paused.

After Charles made peace with Francis in 1547, he focused on suppressing Protestant resistance within his empire. From 1546 to 1547, in what is known as the Schmalkaldic War, Charles and his allies fought the League over the territories of Ernestine Saxony and Albertine Saxony. Although the League's military forces may have been superior, its leaders were incompetent and unable to agree on any definitive battle plans. Despite the fact that Pope Paul III withdrew his troops from the Imperial forces and halved his subsidy, on 24 April 1547, the imperial forces gathered by Charles routed the League's forces at the Battle of Mühlberg, capturing many leaders, including, most notably, Johann Frederick the Magnanimous. Philip of Hesse tried to negotiate, but the emperor refused, and Philip surrendered in May. In theory, that meant that the residents of thirty different cities were returned to Catholicism, but that was not the case. The battle effectively won the war for Charles; only two cities continued to resist. Many of the princes and key reformers, such as Martin Bucer, fled to England, where they directly influenced the English Reformation.

In 1548, the victorious Charles forced the Schmalkaldic League to agree to the terms set forth in the Augsburg Interim. However, by the 1550s, Protestantism had established itself too firmly within Central Europe to be ended by brute force. A small Protestant victory in 1552 forced Charles to flee across the Alps to avoid capture; the heir Ferdinand (King of the Romans) signed the Peace of Passau, which granted some freedoms to Protestants and ended all of Charles' hopes of religious unity within his empire. Three years later, the Peace of Augsburg granted Lutheranism official status within the Holy Roman Empire and let princes choose the official religion within the domains that they controlled, according to the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio.

Lucas Cranach the Elder (German: Lucas Cranach der Ältere German, c. 1472 – 16 October 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving. He was court painter to the Electors of Saxony for most of his career, and is known for his portraits, both of German princes and those of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation, whose cause he embraced with enthusiasm. He was a close friend of Martin Luther. Cranach also painted religious subjects, first in the Catholic tradition, and later trying to find new ways of conveying Lutheran religious concerns in art. He continued throughout his career to paint nude subjects drawn from mythology and religion.

[graceofromanovs]

How the last Russian dynasty were related to European Monarchies (current and former):

The Royal House of Greece (House of Glücksburg-Greece, branch of the Danish House of Glücksburg) and the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (Imperial Dynasty of Russia) were related, their common ancestors were Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Charles Frederick , Grand Duke of Baden and many others.

[historyloversstuff]

FORGOTTEN by HISTORY: Maria Hesse-Kassel

Maria Sophie Friederikke of Hesse-Kassel was born 28 October 1767 to Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel and, Princess Louise of Denmark. Her father being only a second son, was left without his own principality. His Danish cousins offered him a position of Governon-General of Norway, which he accept, without hesitation. Maria spent her early chilhood mostly in Denmark, accompanied her by mother. Despite all Danish ideas and customs imposed upon her, Maria was brought in strict German fashion and never mastered Danish.

By 1789 Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark had been declared a legal of majority and resumed regency on behalf of his mentally handicapped father, Christian VII. His courtries and advisers grew anxious about his possible marriage and began to look for an eligable bride for him. Though Maria was among possible brides, Danish court seemed to be unwilling to accept her as a Queen due to her father’s increasing unpopularity and notoriety. Frederick went against tradition and arranged his union to inteligent and promising Maria with Christian’s VII support. The choice of Crown Prince was apparently not caused by affection towards his first cousin, but rather considered by many as a peculiar way to demonstrate his own independence from the court’s circles. But marriage was fervently greeted by society as she was regarded as completely Danish and reffered as to “daughter of nation”.

Maria never managed to win affection and respect of court over and from the very earliest months of marriage she was put under tremedous pressure to produce a heir. Between 1791 and 1808 she gave birth to 8 children of which only 2 daughters survived infancy.  Her incapability to produce healthy boy would be a source of her the greatest unhappiness throughout her life. Frederick, who rapidly took a liking to his wife and even fell for her passionately, proved to act not as the best husband surrounding himself with mistresses - for example Frederikke Dannemand. Lack of heir and increasing depression of Maria, was pushing him into another women’s arms. 

Even though Maria didn’t earn recognition among Danish nobles, she succeed with public as a Queen. Her main interests were subjects such as geography, history and religion - for rest of her life she remained a devout Protestant and always sought a comfort in religion ceremonies and prayers. As a talented student and historian, she had her book  Supplement-Tafeln zu Joh. Hubners genealogischen Tabellen published anonymously. In the spite of Frederick’s many adulterous affairs and liasions, she made every effort to please him and keep him nearby. In 1814, Frederick with great pleasure appointed her a regent during his absence. Maria tried busily to compasate her adopted country for lack of heir, involving herself in many activities and charity. Extremely timid and reserved, Maria participated in social life only when she considered it as neccesary to fullfil her royal duties. Unfortunately, her last childbirth in 1808 that resulted in birth of Princess Vilhelmine, left her with little strength. With Frederick’s death, she was reported to have retired from public life to the extent that she rarely appeared not only publicily but in family circles as well. At the time of emerging Danish nationalism, Queen recognised herself as a neutral one, saying “When one is a person of the nobility, is it not pointless, if one is a Dane or German?”

She died on 21 March 1852 in Frederiksberg Palace.

[corkcitylibraries]

It Seems Like Nothing Changes

Paul Cussen

October 1918

The British Army renew their recruiting campaign in Cork, however, when a British Army regimental band begin to play on a street corner to attract the public two republican pipe bands set up across from them playing rebel tunes (Cork Constitution, October 21).

The second wave of the flu pandemic strikes Ireland from mid-October to December.  At the Adelaide hospital in Dublin 497 admissions with flu and 32 deaths are reported in October ‘often within 24 hours of onset’. The almost equally severe third wave of the pandemic will last from mid-February to mid-April 1919.

During the Commons debate in October 1918 on the Irish Land (Provision for Soldiers) Bill, in the course of a lengthy speech, D.D. Sheehan (who had  "relinquished his commission on account of ill-health contracted on active service, and is granted the honorary rank of Captain”) says:

... even although it may only benefit 3,000 or 4,000 of those Irish soldiers who have patriotically fought for their country and for the liberties of the world ... I want this measure to become law and to become operative .....

October 1 – Second Lieutenant Martin Joseph Sheehan, observer and gunner in an R.E.8 and son of D.D. Sheehan MP, is killed along with his pilot over Cambrai.

The Desert Mounted Corps capture Damascus

October 3 – Siegfried Sassoon visits his mentor Robbie Ross (Oscar Wilde’s literary executor) for the last time. Sassoon later writes that Ross, in saying goodbye, gave him a "presentiment of final farewell."

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany appoints Max von Baden Chancellor of Germany.

King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates in the wake of the Bulgarian military collapse in WWI. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.

October 4 – Wilhelm II of Germany forms a new more liberal government to sue for peace.

The T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion in New Jersey kills over a hundred people and destroys enough ammunition to supply the Western Front for 6 months.

October 5 – Robert Baldwin Ross dies of heart failure in London at the age of 49.

October 7 – The Polish Regency Council declares Polish independence from the German Empire and demands that Germany cedes the Polish provinces of Poznań, Upper Silesia and Polish Pomerania.

October 8–10 British and Canadian troops take Cambrai from the Germans in the Second Battle of Cambrai.

October 8 – USS Stockton, Rowan, Davis and sloop HMS Camellia, based in Cork, escort convoy HH71 to Brest, France.

In the Forest of Argonne in France, U.S. Corporal Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.

October 9 – Landgrave Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse is elected King of Finland.

October 10 – County Borough of Cork School Attendance Committee Minutes report notes ‘complaints made… by parents… that they cannot get their children to attend school owing to the manner in which they are punished by teachers’

The RMS Leinster mailboat is struck by torpedoes from a German U-boat (UB 123) off Kish Bank Lighthouse, with the loss of at least 501 lives.   More Irish die on the Leinster than on the Lusitania or the Titanic in the largest loss of life in the Irish Sea.

October 11 – The 7.1 Mw San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico killing 76–116 people. A destructive tsunami contributes to the damage and loss of life.

October 12 – The City of Cloquet, Minnesota, and nearby areas are destroyed in a fire, killing 453.

October 13 – Wexford beat Dublin in the Leinster Hurling Final at the Enniscorthy Showgrounds, 2-03 to 1-02.

Jack MacGowran is born.

October 16 – Louis Althusser is born (d. 1990)

October 17 – Rita Hayworth is born (d. 1987)

October 18 – The Washington Declaration proclaims the independent Czechoslovak Republic.

October 19 – Private Michael McCarthy from Buttevant dies from wounds received during the Battle of the River Selle, aged 25.

October 21 – Mary Josephine Gene Clark is born in Cork to Mary Josephine Clark (née Dea) of Smith’s Street, Cork (originally from Youghal). Her father, First-Class Gunner’s Mate Eugene Clark from Waterloo, Iowa, had died two weeks previously after being swept overboard in heavy seas.

October 22 – A Curtiss Model H crashes killing one airman, Walford August Anderson from Monett, Missouri. The stone memorial, located close to the top of the Whiddy pontoon, is unveiled by Lieutenant Colonel Seán T. Cosden, Defence Attaché at the American Embassy in June 2014.

October 24 –Battle of Vittorio Veneto opens.

October 25 – Aleppo captured by Prince Feisal's Sheifial Forces.

The steamer Princess Sophia sinks on Vanderbilt Reef near Juneau, Alaska. 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.

October 26 – Units of Desert Mounted Corps charge at Haritan in the last conflict with Ottoman forces in WWI.

October 28 – Czechoslovakia declares its independence from Austria-Hungary.

A new Polish government is declared in Western Galicia (Eastern Europe)

October 29 – The Wilhelmshaven mutiny of the German High Seas Fleet.

October 30 – The Martin Declaration is published, including Slovakia in the formation of the Czecho-Slovak state.

The Armistice of Mudros ends conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies and grants the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen independence from the Ottoman Empire.

October 31 – A public meeting is held in the Council Chamber, City Hall concerning the securing of a supply of milk at a cheap rate for the children of the city. Bishop Cohalan tells the meeting they are assembled to continue the scheme inaugurated the previous winter.

The Hungarian government terminates the personal union with Austria, officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Egon Schiele dies of influenza (b. 1890)

[princessvictoriamelita]

Royals Gathering in Gmunden, Austria. This photo was probably taken during the engagement/wedding of Prince Maximilian of Baden and Princess Marie Louise of Hanover in 1900, as Prince Christian of Hanover was still alive.

Close-up photo:

Back row: Princess Alexandra of Hanover, Princess Margaret of Hesse-Kassel née Prussia, Princess Marie Louise of Hanover, Prince Frederick of Anhalt, Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria-Teschen, Archduchess Isabella Duchess of Teschen, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria-Teschen, Hereditary Prince George William of Hanover and Prince Christian of Hanover.

Front row: Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Crown Prince Constantine of Greece, Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, Marie Duchess of Anhalt née Baden, Crown Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover and Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse-Kassel.

[widvile-blog]

Marie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark (28 October 1767 - 22 March 1852)