#is type 2 diabetes genetic

[diabetes-health-corner]

Is type 2 diabetes genetic?

Are you prone to diabetes if it runs in your family? Understand which type of diabetes is genetic. Wondering if diabetes is genetic or not?

Read full blog to know more: https://www.freedomfromdiabetes.org/blog/post/is-type-2-diabetes-genetic/3013

[sophsweet]

Government Diet Advice Leads to Yo-Yo Dieting

I searched for anything on government diet advice and yo-yo dieting from misinformation and there was nothing so here goes

Weight management requires both daily activity and eating real food to get essential nutrients. Image by PublicDomainPictures from Pixabay During lockdown, many people went from commuting daily to work, walking to the bus stop, going out during breaks, commuting home or going out. While at work we cannot snack. An entire industry of delivering food to workplaces has grown out of the shorter…

[diabetesreversalprograminindia]

How Genetics Affects Type 2 Diabetes?

This article is originally published on Freedom from Diabetes website , available here. You want to know, is type-2 diabetes is genetic or not? The answer is yes. But it is depend upon some factors. It is something in your environment that actually triggers it. For proof, we can look at identical twins. They have identical genes. Yet if one twin gets type 2 diabetes, the other twin's risk is three in four at most. Lets understand genetic diabetes symptoms?

Frequent need to visit the washroom.

Increase in appetite

Fatigue

Lack of clarity in vision

Repeated infections

healing wounds

Now the question is type 2 diabetes genetic, can it be reversed or not. To know it please click here. If you found this blog useful, please recommend it and share it with others!

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[captainstarburst]

oh yeah i found out recently its diabetes awareness month so ummm. heres a reminder that type 2 diabetes is actually MORE determined by genetics than type 1 and if youve ever made a diabetes joke or talked about it like it's just the stupid fat person disease you owe me $50. disabling lifelong diseases arent funny and they arent any indication of someone's morals and also getting a disease is never anyone's "fault"

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

"No big deal." "Just a cold." "Back to normal."

The proportion of babies born with a congenital heart abnormality increased by 16 per cent after the first year of the pandemic, according to research at City St George's, University of London and published today in Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Heart defects are the most common type of anomaly that develop before a baby is born, with around 13 babies diagnosed with a congenital heart condition every day in the UK and impacting one in 110 births globally . These include defects to the baby's heart valves, the major blood vessels in and around the heart, and the development of holes in the heart.

In over 18 million births, researchers analysed data from US birth certificates from the Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between December 2016 and November 2022 to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the number of babies born with a congenital heart defect.

They compared the number of babies born with a congenital heart condition every month before the Covid-19 pandemic (1st December 2016 to 30th November 2019) with those during the pandemic (1st December 2020 to 30th November 2022).

This data was then compared to the number of babies born with Down's Syndrome - a genetic condition not affected by the virus. This was to help ascertain if any differences observed might have been due to Covid-19, or if they were a result of other factors including limited access to antenatal services during the pandemic.

A total of 11,010,764 births before and 7,060,626 births during the pandemic were analysed. Data was adjusted to account for mother's BMI, diabetes and blood pressure before pregnancy, age, number of times they had given birth and the season in which prenatal care started.

The number of births with a congenital heart condition increased by 16% after the first year of the pandemic, with 65.4 cases per 100,000 live births compared to 56.5 per 100,000 births in the period studied before the pandemic.

The number of babies born with Down Syndrome did not change for the duration of the study, suggesting that the increase in fetal heart defects were not due to a disruption of health services.

Studying this large US dataset has revealed an unexpected picture for how the pandemic has affected the hearts of unborn babies, but we need to untangle the reasons for this link. We need to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly causes the development of fetal heart problems during pregnancy, and if so, how the virus makes these changes in the heart.

We don't have this type of data set available in the UK, but it's important to see if this pattern is seen in other parts of the world.

Covid-19 is still circulating and is easier to catch in the winter months. These results act as an important reminder for pregnant women to get their Covid-19 vaccinations to help protect themselves and their baby."

Professor Asma Khalil, lead author and Professor of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine at City St George's, University of London

Source: City St George's, University of London

Journal reference: Khalil, A., et al. (2024). Congenital heart defects during COVID‐19 pandemic. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi.org/10.1002/uog.29126. obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/uog.29126

[mindblowingscience]

The levels of caffeine in your blood could affect the amount of body fat you carry, a factor that in turn could determine your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Those are the findings of a 2023 study that used genetic markers to establish a more definitive link between caffeine levels, BMI, and type 2 diabetes risk.

Continue Reading.

[championlaura222]

I'm sick of the moraliazation of illness/disability. I see it a lot when it comes to type 2 diabetes. I'm sick of the idea that it's just "fat person disease." Talk to pretty much any doctor and they'll tell you that the main factor in type 2 diabetes is genetics. My mom's side has a higher likelihood for type 2 diabetes, my dad's side does not. Despite my dad being extremely overweight for much of his life, not even a sign! My Nan had some weight gain in her 50s, not that much from how much she weighed, and she ended up with it. There's no "right" way to be ill, I'm tired of the stigma around the idea that a person "does it to themselves" and thus is okay to ridicule and not listen to. In fact, Weight in general has more to do with genetics than most other factors! Think about how many people live off redbull and fast food and don't gain weight from it! And even if someone did get sick because of their actions, you shouldn't go around ridiculing them over that!

[intersex-support]

hi! Im uhm kinda questioning if I might be intersex? I have hyperandrogenism and clitoromegaly as diagnosed conditions, but my doctors say they come from a genetic complication from my diabetes. I have a rare genetic mutation, which means I don't have type 1 or 2 type diabetes, but rather type A insulin resistant diabetes. Im not sure if that would mean I can't be intersex because I've only seen things about PCOS so far, but the term intersex comes up when ever i search up my conditions. I was assigned afab and seemed totally normal until puberty and started growing facial hair. It's not a lot but its noticeable. I just wanted to see if the term intersex may applie to me? Sorry if this seems like a dumb question.

Hi anon! It's not a dumb question.

So, I wasn't familiar with Type A insulin resistance before this question, but I did some research to become more familiar with it. And based on everything I learned, I do think that this is a diagnosis that could be considered an intersex variation. Like you shared, it causes hyperandrogenism and clitoromegaly, which are often intersex traits.

I like InterACT's definition of intersex: "a variation that:

shows up in a person’s chromosomes, genitals, gonads or other internal reproductive organs, or how their body produces or responds to hormones;

Differs from what society or medicine considers to be “typical” or “standard” for the development, appearance, or function of female bodies or male bodies; and

Is present from birth or develops spontaneously later in life."

I think that insulin resistance A would meet all those criteria: it's a variation in how your body produces or responds to hormones that differs from what society considers "standard" sex traits for those assigned female at birth, in a way that might bring stigma or discrimination, and it is a lifelong variation, not something temporarily caused by medication or something like a tumor. Insulin resistance A isn't usually listed on intersex variation lists, but I honestly think that's because it's rare enough that orgs just aren't aware of it, and hadn't thought to research it because diabetes in general isn't an intersex variation.

Ultimately, I think it's up to you--if you don't feel comfortable identifying as intersex you don't have to, but in my opinion, you're welcome to identify as intersex, and I think you'd find a lot of shared community with other intersex people who might experience similar symptoms or life experiences. If you wanted to start exploring intersex community spaces, I think you'd find a lot of people who would accept you. Your journey is your own journey and there's no timeline or pressure to do anything, but you absolutely would count as intersex from my perspective.

Please feel free to reach out if you have any other questions, and wishing you the best of luck, anon!

[scientia-rex]

Wound Care

Ok so, take this with a BIG grain of salt, because I may be a medical doctor BUT you need to know how much wound care training we get in medical school: none. Zip. Zilch. There may be medical schools where you do, but mine wasn't a bozo factory and there was NO wound care training. Everything I know I learned from one of several sources: an intensive 2-day wound care course I did in residency (highly recommend), the local Home Health wound care nurse (highly recommend), a completely batshit insane old white male doctor who started our learning sessions by yelling Vietnam War stories at me (do not recommend), a hospital wound care nurse (highly recommend), and experience (oh god do not recommend).

The first thing you need to know is that wound healing varies dramatically across the course of a lifespan. Kids? Kids will heal. If they don't, get their ass to a pediatrician because there's something genetic going on. Young adults will heal. Middle-aged adults will heal. You know who doesn't heal for shit? The elderly, and people with severe illnesses, and people with uncontrolled type II diabetes.

Your body needs several things in order to heal. It needs macronutrients, so you need to be able to EAT protein, fat, and carbs. If you are on total parenteral nutrition, aka TPN, aka IV nutrition, you are going to be worse at healing. If you are starving yourself, you are going to be worse at healing. If your body is desperately funneling all the calories you take in to surviving your COPD or cancer, you are going to be worse at healing.

It also needs micronutrients. If your diet sucks, you won't heal. Take a multivitamin once in a while.

There are two CRITICAL skin components to healing: collagen and elastin. Guess what we stop making as we age. Promoting collagen isn't just good for "anti-aging," it's good for NOT ripping your skin apart. Taking oral collagen is probably bullshit because your body is going to have to disassemble it to get it across the intestinal membranes to absorb, but it's also harmless, and if your diet REALLY sucks, who knows. Give it a try. Collagen is made of amino acids; think protein.

Another absolutely crucial component is blood flow. As people age, they start to develop cholesterol plaques lining arteries that eventually pick up calcium deposits. This makes blood vessels less elastic, which is a problem, but eventually also blocks them off, which is a much bigger problem. If someone has the major blood flow to their feet decreased by 90% by arterial stenosis, they are not going to heal for shit AND their foot's gonna hurt.

One component of blood flow I hadn't thought about before going into medicine is fluid retention. The way your body works, blood exits the heart at a very high velocity, but slows to a crawl by the time it gets into capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in the body. Water is a very small molecule and can leave the blood vessel, especially if there aren't big, negatively-charged molecules like proteins like albumin in the blood vessels to hold the water there. And we're built for this--some water is supposed to leak out of our blood vessels when it gets to real little vessels. It gets taken back up by the lymphatic system and eventually dumped back into the bloodstream at the inferior vena cava. But if you aren't making albumin--for instance, in liver failure--you may leak a LOT of fluid into the tissue, so much that your legs get swollen, tight, the skin feeling woody and strange. This isn't fixable by drainage because the fluid is everywhere, not in a single pocket we can drain. And because it puts so much pressure on the tissues of the skin, it often results in ulcers. Congestive heart failure, liver failure, kidney failure--these are all common causes of severe edema, aka swelling due to fluid in the tissues. And they're a real bitch when it comes to wound care, because we have such limited resources for getting the fluid back out, which is a necessary first step to healing.

Pressure is another common cause of wounds. Pressure forces blood out of those little capillaries, so you starve the cells normally fed by those capillaries, and they die. It's called pressure necrosis. Very sick people who can't turn themselves over--people in the ICU, people in nursing homes--are especially prone to these wounds, as are people with limited sensation; pressure wounds are common in wheelchair users who have lost some feeling in the parts of their bodies that rub against those surfaces, or diabetics who don't notice a rock in their shoe.

So, if you're trying to treat wounds, the questions to ask are these:

Why did this wound happen?

-Was it pressure? If it's pressure, you have to offload the source of the pressure or else that wound will not heal. End of story. You can put the tears of a unicorn on that thing, if you don't offload the pressure it won't heal.

-Was it fluid? If it's fluid, you have get the fluid out of the issues or else it won't heal. You can sometimes do that with diuretics, medications that cause the body to dump water through the kidneys, but that's always threading a needle because you have to get someone to a state where they still have juuuuust enough fluid inside their blood vessels to keep their organs happy, while maintaining a very slight state of dehydration so the blood vessels suck water back in from the tissues. You can use compression stockings to squeeze fluid back into the vessels, but if they have arterial insufficiency and not just venous insufficiency, you can accidentally then cause pressure injury. The safest option is using gravity: prop the feet up above the level of the heart, wherever the heart is at, at that moment, and gravity will pull fluid back down out of the legs. Super boring though. Patients hate it. Not as much as they hate compression stockings.

-Was it a skin tear because the skin is very fragile? This is extremely common in the elderly, because they're not making collagen and elastin, necessary to repairing skin. If this is the case, make sure they're actually getting enough nutrition--as people get into their 80s and 90s, their appetites often change and diminish, especially if they're struggling with dementia. And think about just wrapping them in bubble wrap. Remove things with sharp edges from their environments. I have seen the WORST skin tears from solid wood or metal furniture with sharp edges. Get rid of throw rugs and other tripping hazards. I had somebody last week who tried to a clear a baby gate and damn near destroyed their artificial hip.

The next critical question: why isn't it healing?

-Are you getting enough nutrients? Both macro and micro?

-Are you elderly?

-Are you ill?

-Do you have a genetic disorder of collagen formation?

Fix why it's not healing and almost anything will heal. If you're diabetic, find a medication regimen that improves your sugars and stick to it. If you're anorexic, get treatment for your eating disorder. If you have congestive heart failure, work with your doctor on your fluid balance. Wear the damn pressure stockings. Prop up your feet.

If, after those two unskippable questions are done, you want to do something to the wound--apply a dressing, do a treatment--that's a whole other kettle of fish. I'll write that later. The dryer just sang me its little song and I need to put away the laundry.

[creatingblackcharacters]

I'm a non-Black artist who's slowly developing a character-centered slice of life type story set in an alternate solarpunk timeline/future. One of my characters is Black and develops genetically predisposed type 1 diabetes, entirely irregardless of their diet & activity, and one of the main plots of the story is how they and their friends accommodate the character and prepare for a stem cell transplant to treat their diabetes. An important thing to note is that this setting's society is very radical: anti-bigotry, free healthcare, free basic groceries, free housing, accessible walkability, etc. So the character just has to deal with a year of immunosuppressants and frequent care while their friends stay on video calls with them every day so they don't feel lonely, after which life is right back on track.

The problem is that I had no idea there was such a significant statistic of Black Americans affected by diabetes until just recently. So I fear I could be perpetrating a stereotype if I follow through with this character concept in spite of the specific setting this story takes place in. Would it still be okay to write about their diabetes as long as I go as carefully and informatively as I can? Or would it be safer to scrap the concept altogether?

Oh yeah, diabetes is a big one, particularly type 2! Specially in middle aged to older Black folks, along with stuff like heart disease and high blood pressure (whole conversation to be had about the types of illnesses we tend to have and why- nothing is free of context!!!)

Anyway, yes you'll be fine. People have diabetes. And you said this is a world where they have access to treatment, so why wouldn't they get it lol.

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

Sickness comparisons from timelords/hybrids and humans?

Sickness Comparisons: Time Lords, Hybrids, and Humans

Since 'sickness' is such a broad subject, you'll have to be more specific to narrow this down to anything in particular. I'll concentrate on disease here specifically, if you want physical injuries, read this instead:

For more information on diseases, though, stick around.

🦠 Viral Infections

Time Lords are susceptible to some viral infections, including human ones like the common cold, but their immune systems are significantly faster at clearing them.

Time Lords: Recovery time is typically around half that of humans. Time sense and psionic abilities may be temporarily affected, resulting in disorientation or "temporal vertigo."

Hybrids: Recovery time varies but is generally closer to Time Lord speed. Mild cases may clear in days, while severe infections might linger longer.

Humans: Recovery depends on the virus but can range from days (colds) to weeks (influenza), often requiring symptomatic treatment.

🧬 Bacterial Infections

A Time Lords' advanced immune system, combined with their efficient metabolic processes, provides great defences against bacterial diseases. However, particularly aggressive bacteria could still pose a threat.

Time Lords: Recovery from minor bacterial infections can occur within 24–48 hours, with severe cases requiring up to a week with medical support.

Hybrids: Recovery would be variable, leaning towards human timelines for severe bacterial infections unless they possess strong Gallifreyan immune traits.

Humans: Without treatment, bacterial infections can persist for weeks, with severe cases potentially becoming life-threatening.

🦠 Autoimmune and Metabolic Disorders

These conditions manifest differently in Time Lords due to their unique physiology.

Time Lords: Autoimmune issues targeting blood cells or lindos systems are rare but possible. These would likely present with subtle symptoms like energy fluctuations or possible reduced regeneration efficacy.

Hybrids: Hybrids with Gallifreyan traits may show similar issues, but with less reliable responses to Time Lord treatments. Human traits could predispose them to more common forms of autoimmune disorders.

Humans: Many autoimmune conditions are far more common and require long-term management, often involving medication or lifestyle adjustments.

🧫 Chronic and Degenerative Conditions

Time Lords' regenerative biology largely prevents chronic and degenerative illnesses, but they may hit them hard when a body is old.

Time Lords: They continuously repair cellular damage, making conditions like neurodegeneration quite rare. However, disruptions in artron energy, old age, or significant genetic anomalies could lead to rare degenerative conditions. Whatever the issue, it's likely to be fixed when they regenerate.

Hybrids: Hybrids with strong Gallifreyan traits may benefit from resistance to these conditions but aren't entirely immune, especially if they lean towards their human lineage.

Humans: Chronic illnesses are common in humans, especially when ageing, and require extensive management or intervention.

🩺 Recovery Timelines: Generalised Comparisons

Time frames will vary greatly depending on the disease.

🏫 So ...

Time Lords recover from illnesses at speeds humans could only dream of. Hybrids, while inheriting some of these advantages, vary greatly depending on their genetic makeup. Humans, by comparison, are really very slow.

Related:

💬|🛡️🧁Does diabetes exist in Time Lords?: Covering the manifestation, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

💬|🛡️🦠Can Gallifreyans get cancer?: Manifestation and Gallifreyan perception of cancer.

💬|🛡️🦠What does a Time Lord cold look like?: Potential symptoms and reasons for the Time Lord sniffles.

Hope that helped! 😀

Any orange text is educated guesswork or theoretical. More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →📢Announcements |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts → Features:⭐Guest Posts | 🍜Chomp Chomp with Myishu →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[theriverbeyond]

how quick did u start seeing changes on t? also as someone who is. Not a fan of needles how did/do you deal with injecting yourself?

Internally: immediately. possibility placebo, but I think hormonally T does impact uh, "arousal" immediately, and "arousal" is not something exclusively reserved for Being Horny. It's also like, mood and energy and such things. YMMMV

Physically: pretty quickly honestly, my voice dropped really fast (one of my only big "hm i dont like this" moments) and I had to start shaving my face at 2 months. I think I am a bit of an outlier in this respect though, and it largely depends on your genetics.

I am not sure how much I can help with needle phobia, I have never had a signifigant problem with needles. Injecting myself the first time vs just getting stabbed was kind of intimidating but I have learned how to do more difficult things over youtube before, and planned parenthood's video tutorials are very helpful.

The good thing is injection/needle anxiety is incredibly common, and lots of people with needle anxiety still need to self inject (i.e. diabetics), so there IS a lot of advice/help/devices out there if you are in that "physically able to inject yourself but it is still scary" zone.

They make auto injector attachments that help you inject (they're not actually 100% automatic but they usually hide the needle so you dont see it at least), and there's also a special perscription type of T (XYOSTED, iirc it is more expensive/harder to get) that comes in pre-fulled syringes, but you still have to hold it against your body and press a button to make it inject. For whatever it is worth, in my experience, I actually had MORE pain with subcutaneous injections (tiny needle), because the skin/fat is where it hurt the most, wheras with intramuscular injections (BIG needle) it goes past the skin/fat really quickly and into muscle which just isn't as sensitive. YMMV

They also make like, "prickle pads" I think? I've never used them but they help disperse the feeling of the poke. I think there are other tricks out there too, like numbing the area with ice or similar.

If you definitely can't do needles there is the option of gel (depending on your insurance or financial status), or having someone else inject it for you, be that a nurse or friend/family member.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

NIH-funded study focused on original virus strain, unvaccinated participants during pandemic.

Infection from COVID-19 appeared to significantly increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death for up to three years among unvaccinated people early in the pandemic when the original SARS-CoV-2 virus strain emerged, according to a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported study. The findings, among people with or without heart disease, confirm previous research showing an associated higher risk of cardiovascular events after a COVID-19 infection but are the first to suggest the heightened risk might last up to three years following initial infection, at least among people infected in the first wave of the pandemic.

Compared to people with no COVID-19 history, the study found those who developed COVID-19 early in the pandemic had double the risk for cardiovascular events, while those with severe cases had nearly four times the risk. The findings were published in the journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

“This study sheds new light on the potential long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19, a still-looming public health threat,” said David Goff, M.D., Ph.D., director for the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), which largely funded the study. “These results, especially if confirmed by longer term follow-up, support efforts to identify effective heart disease prevention strategies for patients who’ve had severe COVID-19. But more studies are needed to demonstrate effectiveness.”

The study is also the first to show that increased risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with severe COVID-19 may have a genetic component involving blood type. Researchers found that hospitalization for COVID-19 more than doubled the risk of heart attack or stroke among patients with A, B, or AB blood types, but not in patients with O types, which seemed to be associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19.

Scientists studied data from 10,000 people enrolled in the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database of European patients. Patients were ages 40 to 69 at the time of enrollment and included 8,000 who had tested positive for the COVID-19 virus and 2,000 who were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 between Feb. 1, 2020, and Dec. 31, 2020. None of the patients had been vaccinated, as vaccines were not available during that period.

The researchers compared the two COVID-19 subgroups to a group of nearly 218,000 people who did not have the condition. They then tracked the patients from the time of their COVID-19 diagnosis until the development of either heart attack, stroke, or death, up to nearly three years.

Accounting for patients who had pre-existing heart disease – about 11% in both groups – the researchers found that the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death was twice as high among all the COVID-19 patients and four times as high among those who had severe cases that required hospitalization, compared to those who had never been infected. The data further show that, within each of the three follow-up years, the risk of having a major cardiovascular event was still significantly elevated compared to the controls – in some cases, the researchers said, almost as high or even higher than having a known cardiovascular risk factor, such as Type 2 diabetes.

“Given that more than 1 billion people worldwide have already experienced COVID-19 infection, the implications for global heart health are significant,” said study leader Hooman Allayee, Ph.D., a professor of population and public health sciences at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles. “The question now is whether or not severe COVID-19 should be considered another risk factor for cardiovascular disease, much like type 2 diabetes or peripheral artery disease, where treatment focused on cardiovascular disease prevention may be valuable.”

Allayee notes that the findings apply mainly to people who were infected early in the pandemic. It is unclear whether the risk of cardiovascular disease is persistent or may be persistent for people who have had severe COVID-19 more recently (from 2021 to the present).

Scientists state that the study was limited due to inclusion of patients from only the UK Biobank, a group that is mostly white. Whether the results will differ in a population with more racial and ethnic diversity is unclear and awaits further study. As the study participants were unvaccinated, future studies will be needed to determine whether vaccines influence cardiovascular risk. Studies on the connection between blood type and COVID-19 infection are also needed as the mechanism for the gene-virus interaction remains unclear.

This study was supported by NIH grants R01HL148110, R01HL168493, U54HL170326, R01DK132735, P01HL147823, R01HL147883, and P30ES007048.

About the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI): NHLBI is the global leader in conducting and supporting research in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders that advances scientific knowledge, improves public health, and saves lives. For more information, visit www.nhlbi.nih.gov.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.

NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health®

Study Allayee, H, et al. COVID-19 Is a Coronary Artery Disease Risk Equivalent and Exhibits a Genetic Interaction With ABO Blood Type(link is external). [2024] Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.124.321001