#info; edward norman

[scotianostra]

Holy Rood Day is a religious observance celebrated on May 3rd each year.

The feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, to give it it's more convulated name, celebrates two historical events: the discovery of the True Cross by Saint Helena, the mother of the Emperor Constantine, in 320 under the temple of Venus in Jerusalem, and the dedication in 335 of the basilica and shrine built on Calvary by Constantine, which mark the site of the Crucifixion.

So what is this got to do with Scotland? Well it ties in directly in with one of our fondest remembered Queens, Margaret, and one of Scotland's most treasured and enigmatic relics, the Black Rood, said to be a piece of the True Cross set in an ebony crucifix. Here's the story to date.

The Black Rood is said to have been brought to Scotland by Margaret who fled north in the years after the Norman Conquest and married Malcolm Canmore, Malcolm III. A bit of Margaret's background is relevant. She is said to have been born in Hungary but was in England during the reign of Edward the Confessor who was her grand-uncle.

On her death in 1093, Margaret is reported to have left the Rood, described by contemporary historians as a ''great national palladium'', check out the link for a great telling of how Margaret called for the rood as she lay dying in Edinburgh Castle.

To the Scottish people. It is recorded as having been taken south along with the Stone of Destiny in 1296 as part of Edward I of England's booty from his Scottish ''tour''. Its significance for the Scots is indicated by the fact it was only restored by special treaty.

Almost half a century passes before it surfaces again, this time as one of the relics carried by the Scots army in 1346 to the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham where we were soundly drubbed and David II was taken into captivity, (Remember my wee post on this the other day courtesy f my friend Andrew Spratt)

The English considered the acquisition of the Black Rood almost as important as the victory itself and it was kept for the next 200 years in Durham Abbey ''on the pillar next to St Cuthbert's shrine in the south aisle''. During the chaos of the Reformation, like so many other religious artefacts, it disappeared.

You don't have to believe in all the religion surrounding the Holy, or Black Rood to understand that this was one of the most treasured relics from our medieval history, just rooting around in history and you can find other legends regarding pieces of the Cross, so much so the reformer John Calvin thought there were enough pieces of the "True Cross" floating around to build a battleship or I would add, perhaps an Ark.

Check out the link for more info on the Black Rood here

[ask-the-goofy-ahhs]

HELLO >:D

basically @sophia-does-skits/@lunatic-sophia/@typical-sophie/@sophia-reblogs-sh1t/ behind the screen<3

just made this acc for fun (ofc)

all of my info is in my other acc (Sayuri-does-skits)

Rules in asking:

NO NSFW,UNLESS ITS A JOKE

BE RESPECTFUL UNLESS ITS A JOKE

PLEASE PUT WARNING IF YOU WILL SHARE A PHOTO WITH HEAVY GORE AND BL00D

me- uses this emoji 💙

Fundamental Paper Education

Zip- uses this emoji 📄

Oliver- uses this emoji 🧼

Edward- uses this emoji 🎭

Claire- uses this emoji 🎀

Engel- uses this emoji 🍂

Abbie- uses this emoji 🌱

Lana- uses this emoji 🧦

Miss Circle- uses this emoji 🍪

Anyone Else- ❓

this one is for @sayuri-does-skits (me ofc) @cheezekennith @/any other fpe fan

RamShackle

Skipp- uses this emoji 🎶

Stone- uses this emoji 🚬

Vinnie- uses this emoji 🥫

this one is for @zeddyzi and @devillemon085

Poppy Playtime/The Smiling Critters

Catnap- uses this emoji 🌙

Dogday- uses this emoji ☀

Bubba Bubbaphant- uses this emoji 💡

Kickin Chicken- uses this emoji ⭐

Crafty Corn- uses this emoji 🌸

Bobby Bear Hug- uses this emoji ❤

Hoppy HopScotch- uses this emoji ⚡

Picky Piggy- uses this emoji 🍎

this one is for @awakentrashpanda @/your local gremin entueuiast,i can't ping them @/any other sc fan

Cabanatuan Paper Education School (fpe but my school)

Sophia(me)- uses this emoji ✂

Cassy- uses this emoji 🐱 (picked a random one cuz nothing references cassy)

Jared- uses this emoji ⚔

Miss Dona- uses this emoji ✏

Miss Alpha- uses this emoji 🔪

Miss Jean- uses this emoji 📏

Ghost And Pals

Frances is 📞 Henry is ⌨️ Nancy is ✂️ Kennith is 📺

Ray is 🗡️

(copy and pasting from cheezes messages cuz i'm lazy asf)

Cakey is 🍰

Norman is 👓

God is ✝️

Charon is 🕷️

Christopher is 🪞 or 🏏

Trash dentist is 💉

Tamari is 👁️

Tooth hurty is 🦷

Say is 🥩

Arc is 🤕

@cheezekennith

more fandoms coming soon!

garten of banban

kinito pet

if you wanna request a fandom,don't be shy to ask!

friends:

@alinoriandklox @adriannaamione @artismeyou-12 @akioatturasluvr @awakentrashpanda @boiling-potato @cheezekennith @cutebendy @cherishbendy @crowcussion @dogdayisgoodboy101 @dosei-slays @devillemon085 @djcute @eminsunnytoons123 @flamy-t @gachaclubideas @helpldkwhatmynameshouldbe @ilovekucing23 @itsmyaltaccountforshiitybloglol0 @jassylife @leafith @localgremlinenthusiest @misterah13 @misky-uwu @nia1sworld @peppermintkitty10 @sharkyy599 @technogenesisentertainment @thebruhb0i @untitled14360 @xxkurosakutisaxx @yourdr3amcassy

[alyygx]

Easy Company Members Sorted Between Surviving and Not Surviving WWII:

Died During the War:

Company Commanders:

First Lieutenant Thomas Meehan III (July 8th, 1921 - June 6th, 1944)

Non-commissioned Officers:

Sergeant Warren Harold "Skip" Muck (January 31st, 1922 - January 10th, 1945)

Enlisted Men:

Corporal Donald B. "Hoob" Hoobler (June 28th, 1922 - January 3rd, 1945)

Private First Class Alex Mike Penkala (August 30th, 1924 - January 10th, 1945)

Survived the War:

Company Commanders:

Captain Herbert Maxwell Sobel (January 26th, 1912 - September 30th, 1987)

Major Richard Davis "Dick" Winters (January 21st, 1918 - January 2nd, 2011)

First Lieutenant Frederick Theodore "Moose" Heyliger (June 23rd, 1916 - November 3rd, 2001)

First Lieutenant Norman Staunton "Foxhole Norman" Dike Jr. (May 19th, 1918 - June 23rd, 1989)

Captain Ronald Charles Speirs (April 20th, 1920 - April 11th, 2007)

Junior Officers:

Captain Lewis Nixon (September 30th, 1918 - January 11th, 1995)

First Lieutenant Lynn Davis "Buck" Compton (December 31st, 1921 - February 25th, 2012)

First Lieutenant Edward David "Ed" Shames (June 13th, 1922 - December 3rd, 2021)

Second Lieutenant Robert Burnham "Bob" Brewer (January 31st, 1924 - December 5th, 1996)

Second Lieutenant Clifford Carwood "Lip" Lipton (January 30th, 1920 - December 16th, 2001)

Non-commissioned Officers:

Technical Sergeant Donald George "Don" Malarkey (July 30th, 1920 - September 30th, 2017)

Staff Sergeant William J. "Wild Bill" Guarnere Sr. (April 28th, 1923 - March 8th, 2014)

Staff Sergeant Herman "Hank, Hack" Hanson (January 3rd, 1918 - May 15th, 1971)

Staff Sergeant Denver "Bull" Randleman (November 20th, 1920 - June 26th, 2003)

Staff Sergeant Darrell Cecil "Shifty" Powers (March 13th, 1923 - June 17th, 2009)

Staff Sergeant John W. "Johnny" Martin (December 8th, 1921 - December 31st, 2012)

Staff Sergeant Floyd "Tab" Talbert (August 26th, 1923 - October 10th, 1982)

Staff Sergeant Charles E. "Chuck" Grant (March 1922 - October 12th, 1982)

Staff Sergeant Joseph John "Joe" Toye (March 14th, 1919 - September 3rd, 1995)

Sergeant Robert Emory "Popeye" Wynn Jr. (July 10th, 1921 - March 18th, 2000)

Sergeant James H. "Moe" Alley (July 20th, 1922 - March 14th, 2008)

Sergeant Wayne "Skinny" Sisk (March 4th, 1922 - July 13th, 1999)

Corporal Walter Scott "Smokey" Gordon Jr. (April 15th, 1920 - April 19th, 1997)

Enlisted Men:

Technician Fourth Grade George Luz (June 17th, 1921 - October 15th, 1998)

Technician Fourth Grade Eugene Gilbert "Doc" Roe Sr. (October 17th, 1922 - December 30th, 1998)

Technician Fifth Grade Joseph David "Joe" Liebgott (May 17th, 1915 - June 28th, 1992)

Private First Class Edward James "Babe" Heffron (May 16th, 1923 - December 1st, 2013)

Private First Class Edward Joseph "Tip" Tipper (August 3rd, 1921 - February 1st, 2017)

Private First Class David Kenyon Webster (June 2nd, 1922 - September 9th, 1961)

*This is not all of Easy Co. just some of the more recognizable names. If I missed anyone that you would like to see listed please message me and I would be glad to add him.

**I was also thinking about adding more info to this list and/or making a separate post with additional details like awards/medals, how and where they were wounded (if at all), and maybe some personal details like where they were born/died, their family (parents, siblings, spouse, children), what they did after the war (if they survived) stuff like that (though that might be a separate list idk yet). I would love to hear your opinion and if you'd like to see something like this. Basically just one large masterpost! Message me and tell me your thoughts!!!! I'm open to ideas!

[mythicalcowboyatheart]

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

BLOG INFO

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

About me Masterlists AO3 Wattpad Prompts

ask me questions

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

Requests are open

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

Who I write for

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

Horror:

• Billy Loomis (Scream)

• Stu macher (Scream)

• Ethan Landry (Scream)

• Norman Bates (Psycho)

• Tiffany Valentine (Chucky)

• Art the clown (Terrifier)

• Herbert West (Re-animator)

• Jennifer check (Jennifer's body)

• Colin Grey (Jennifer's body)

• Brahms Heelshire (The boy)

• Patrick Bateman (American psycho)

• Ash Williams (Evil dead)

• Mike Schmidt (Five nights at Freddy's)

• Roman Godfrey (Hemlock Grove)

• Peter Rumancek (Hemlock Grove)

• Vincent Sinclair (House of wax)

• Bo Sinclair (House of wax)

• Corey Cunningham (Halloween ends)

DC:

• Adrian Chase (Peacemaker)

• Jerome Valeska (Gotham)

• Jeremiah Veleska (Gotham)

• Edward nygma (Gotham)

• Johnathan Crane (Batman begins)

Marvel:

• Peter Parker (The amazing Spider-Man)

• Peter Maximoff (X-Men)

Bands:

• Spencer Charnas (Ice Nine Kills)

• Andy Black (Black Veil Brides)

• Gerard Way (My Chemical Romance)

• Frank Iero (My Chemical Romance)

Others:

• Ian Gallagher (Shameless U.S.)

• Mickey (Shameless U.S.)

• Johnny Knoxville (Jackass)

• Patricia "kitten" Braden (breakfast on Pluto)

• Neil Lewis (watching the detectives)

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

Request rules

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

Do's:

• put what kinda thing you want (smut, fluff,ect.)

• type of reader (GN, ftm, fem, NB {is what I usually write for})

• and any other specific things that you want

• please be patient with me I write for fun and I will get to your requests as soon as I can

Don'ts:

• don't request anything I have said I'm not comfortable writing for (listed below)

• don't be rude to me or anyone on my blog I want to keep a positive space were everyone is welcome!

I'm not comfortable writing:

• Pedophilia

• incest

• Piss or scat kink

• Any thing that puts down things such as race, sexuality, or gender identity, ect.

• (I think that's it)

»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►»»———-►

[paranormal-hitch]

Welcome to [REDACTED] Corp. A run-down and abandoned office building presumably inhabited by ghosts, and possibly much more than that.

- - -

This is an Elevator Hitch AU ask blog run by @redg-art-stuffs centred around the strange, unusual, and, of course, the paranormal.

Ask any of the characters anything you want! As long as it isn't anything NSFW. Feel free to interact with these strange folk, though!

- - -

Tags:

#[answered.question] - Answered asks

#[ongoing.roleplay] - Roleplays with other blogs

#[continued.story] - Things that are too long to fit onto one post

#[story.time] - Canon posts that aren't asks

#[ooc.text] - Text posts by me :)

#[ooc.art] - Art exclusively for this blog

#[insane.rambling] - Extremely long text posts

- - -

Character info under cut!

NO.1

Name: [■■■■■■■]

A.K.A: Protag

Species: Human

Occupation: Paranormal Investigator (The Unusual Society)

Tag: #[id.protagonist]

NO.2

Name: Bryce Stryker/Chase Beckley/Clayton Cox

A.K.A: Coworker

Species: Ghost

Occupation: Employee at [REDACTED] Corp.

Tag: #[id.coworker]

NO.3

Name: Norman Grayson

A.K.A: Normal Guy

Species: Ragdoll Spiderling

Occupation: Interviewer

Tag: #[id.normal]

NO.4

Name: [■■■■■■■]

A.K.A: Antag

Species: Reflection

Occupation: Unknown

Tag: #[id.antagonist]

NO.5

Name: [Unknown] (Prefers the name Edward (or Eddie he doesn't mind))

A.K.A: Colleague

Species: Reflection

Occupation: Unknown (presumed wet cat)

Tag: #[id.colleague]

NO.6

Name: Manuel

A.K.A: Manuel

Species: Undead

Occupation: Building maintenance and safety head (controls the entire fucking building)

Tag: #[id.help]

NO.7

Name: Many call him Jim, but he prefers Eifion

A.K.A: The Man of Many Names

Species: Ghost

Occupation: Overseer

Tag: #[id.smoke]

NO.8

Name: ???

A.K.A: The Stranger

Species: Reflection

Occupation: Reflecting The Man of Many Names

Tag: #[id.stranger]

NO.9

Name: Other Manuel

A.K.A: A Broken Reflection

Species: Reflection

Occupation: Mirror Observer

Tag: #[id.broken]

[allthedoorsareopennow]

Hereward The Wake and the story behind it!!

more research has occurred

so, background info:

- Hereward the Wake (also known as Hereward the Outlaw or Hereward the Exiled) was probably a real person, a landowning noble who (according to Gesta Herewardia) was exiled by the king (Edward the Confessor) at 18, then later led a local resistance to the invading Norman forces

- there are several accounts of Hereward’s life and story, many of which have fantastical elements suggesting that at least some parts are unreliable and inaccurate

- the most detailed account of Hereward’s life is Gesta Herewardia

- there was also a fictional 1886 book written about him, which was what is believed to have raised him to his current romantic, legendary status

- there was a bbc show about him in the 70s, which the bbc destroyed after broadcasting, so it is now lost media

lyrics

‘A child he of noble stock’ stories say he was a noble and there is evidence of a man called Hereward owning land in around that place at around that time

‘Held up a holy man who chose to flash his wealth around’ it appears he held land from abbeys and parishes, which could link to the ‘holy’ bit

‘But for his crime was exiled, sent out into the wild’ according to Gesta Herewardia, he was exiled for disobedience to his father and disruptive behaviour

‘Along his way he came across a princess duty bound/And saved her from betrothal to the master of the hounds’ Gesta Herewardia claims that in the intervening years after his exile, Hereward rescues a Cornish princess from an unwanted marriage. due to this part’s fantastical nature, it is believed this did not happen.

‘She asked that he would stay a while and she would be his bride’ I cannot find accounts of this, in most versions Hereward marries Turfida, a separate woman, who fell in love with him after hearing about his exploits

‘But he loved his servant Martin, so they left her far behind’ most accounts do mention that Hereward has a dedicated servant called Martin Lightfoot, though I can find little more about him

‘On every station, men and dogs, they rallied to his band/They joined him on an asteroid, where they could make their stand’ this probably refers to Hereward and others gathering in the Isle of Ely to fight back against the Normans

the tyrant likely refers to William the Conqueror

‘Until at last a holy man betrayed the safe way down’ the Normans bribed local monks, who told them a safe way across the marsh, allowing the Normans to capture Ely

‘They say that Hereward escaped, for his corpse was never found’ Hereward and some of his followers supposedly escaped into the wild fenlands and continued their resistance against the Normans. this escape is mentioned in all the earliest sources

‘Also he fought a bear’ this refers to an earlier part of a story, after his exile but before the battle at Ely, in which some accounts claim he fought an enormous bear. this is believed to be false.

I haven’t really talked about the chorus because it mostly details how Hereward is scary and a good fighter

I hope this was interesting :)

[flickynightdarkness]

List of all my DC OCs (with info about them)

Benjamin Williams

Night Edwards

Taylor Heather

Tootsie Jingles

Jamie Quinzel

Blossom Isley

Ray Nygma

Trace Dent

Talon Cobblepot

Kraig Jones

Hallow Crane

Meredith Miranda

Shade Miranda

Lucian Dorrance

Kaleb Langstrom

Fangs Langstrom

Kraig Jones

Katelyn Kyle-Angela

Katherine Kyle-Angela

Yang Blossoms

Josh Blossoms

Spook

Shade Miranda

Myers Miranda

Parker Miranda

Clover Miranda

Oliver and Misty Miranda

Coona Walker

Torch Lynns

Ember Lynns

Eye Lord

Laurent Crane

Lauren Crane

Frederick Miranda

Harriet Miranda

Nathaniel Miranda

Norman Miranda

Iris Miranda

Scotch Tetch

Bowie Tetch

Bonita White

Sage Merkel

Coal Kyle

Feather Cobblepot

Topher Blackfire

Cheryl

Swirl Valentino

Toffee Karlo

Blade Quinzel

Vince Isley

Berg Fries

Snow Fries

North Fries

Evelyn Wesker and Stitcher

Tanny

Leader Scorch

Harrison, Carrie and Misty

Betty the Blob Caretaker

Metro

Volt

Zolt

Emerald

Blank

Midnight

Bullet Slade

Dray Miranda

Michael Miranda

Colton Snart

Scorch

Cloudy

Stormer

Lynn and Len Bolton

Tunia

Ticky

Marcus Todd

Dia

Craven Crane

Lunar Crane

August

Callum

Topsy

Suki

Maple

Michele and Michelle Wesker

Rose and Jacob

Jane Bell

Kristopher Charisma

Joel Adams

Maya Williams

Soul Winthrop

Haunt Crane

Sunshine and Raindrop

Marv Tetch

Gabriella

Rosa Hearts

Stephen Crane

Jade Nygma

Joshua Nygma

Flint Cobblepot

Covey Cobblepot

Koko

Danny Cobblepot

Spice Crane and Smoke Crane

Dot

Diamond Quinzel

Victor Crane

Fester, Mary and Clarice

[angellicmp3]

https://picrew.me/ja/image_maker/2310696

Intro post :3

Hello I’m Angellic.Mp3

He/him—19—MINORS ARE NOT WELCOME‼️

I will post sexually explicit & suggestive things.

I’m new to the f/o community, I’m a transguy with about a million and one f/os.

This is a side blog so i don’t follow or send likes from here :( —Not comfortable sharing my personal incase my mutuals find me.

more info :

I sincerely do not want to engage with proship discourse, it’s draining and exhausting.

I believe that self ship/general shipping an adult with a child, as well as incestual ships, are wrong. Even if it’s “just a fictional character”

I enjoy dark fiction and yandere, as well as horror themes. I have horror f/os, and f/os with sadistic themes.

Proship and Antis can interact with my blog— I do not care. I also don’t care about sharing f/os, just don’t f/o my ocs lmao.

[WORK IN PROGRESS!! UNDER CONSTRUCTION!! ALWAYS ADDING AND TAKING OFF!! :) ]

Fictional others (that i am comfortable being public about + ranked by how much I think about them [at this point in time]):

Vincent (oc) 🚭🖥️

Walter Sullivan (Silent Hill 4: The Room)

Henry Townshend (Silent Hill 4: The Room)

Logan Howlett [The Wolverine] (The X-Men comics + movies)

Frank Castle [The Punisher] (The Punisher comics only, neither of the movies or the tv series)

Tim / Masky (Marble Hornets / Creepypasta)

Brian / Hoodie (Marble Hornets / Creepypasta)

Daniel ‘Oz’ Osbourne (Buffy The Vampire Slayer) 🐺🦇

Max Rockatansky (Mad Max) 🏍️🏜️

The Hylics crew (Wayne, Somsnosa, Dedusmuln, and Pongorma as a polycule)🌙💀🫗👹

Billy Lenz (Black Christmas [1974]) 🐈‍⬛🏚️

Leon Kennedy (Resident Evil)

Ricardo Irving (Resident Evil)

Pete White (The Venture Bros.)

Charles Foster Ofdensen (Metalocalypse)

Beetlejuice (Beetlejuice the movie + the cartoon Not the musical)

Data Soong (Star Trek)

Lore Soong (Star Trek)

Spamton G. Spamton (Deltarune)

Charlie Dompler (Smiling friends)

Norman Bates (Psycho)

Hiromi Higuruma (Jujutsu Kaisen)

Russia (Hetalia)

England (Hetalia)

Deacon Brucke (What We do in the Shadows)

Edward Nashton/Edward Nygma [The Riddler](Batman)

Simon Petrikov (Adventure Time)

Hanma Shuuji (Tokyo Revengers) [older timelines only]

Illumi Zoldyck (Hunter x Hunter)

Jack Walten (The Walten Files)

Alternate Gabriel (The Mandela Catalogue)

Jervis Tetch [The Mad Hatter] (Batman)

Doug Rattman (Portal)

Yuuta Okkotsu (Jujutsu Kaisen)

Cid Highwind (Final Fantasy 7)

Cait Sith (Final Fantasy 7)

Ban (Seven Deadly Sins)

Alexei Smirnoff (Stranger things)

BYE BYE !!! :)

[squarebracket-trickster]

Happy WBW! What’s a piece of worldbuilding you’ve done recently that you’d like to talk about?

oh my gosh YES!!!!

so, after two drafts I have finally officially named my characters.

Of course, because my setting is 1333 CE southern England inspired and I wanted to give my characters authentic medieval names... I just fell down a four day rabbit hole into medieval naming conventions. Here is some of the stuff I learned (this is gonna be looooooooong, thou hast been warned!! also, it is more a history info dump but it did help me pick names so):

For Muslims from Al-Andalusia (Iberian Peninsula), nearly every man had an Arabic given name taken straight from the Qur'an and most are still common today. Muslim women's names had a little more variation, with some being names from North Africa, specifically Morocco, rather than Arabic names.

Muslims often used devotional names instead of given names. These were basically just one of the many names for Allah such as Al-Rahim (The Merciful One). In general, I think naming conventions in Islam has changed a lot less into the modern day compared to Christianity.

Jewish Englishmen tended to have two names. One was the Hebrew name and the other was a name that was common in the region. Sometimes it was just a Christianized version of his Hebrew name. It is difficult to tell from official records (outside of records kept by Jewish authorities) if a man was Jewish because the "Christian" name was the one recorded.

Again, Jewish women had more variation in their names and were often named after flowers and virtues. They did not have two names.

Richard, Roger, Henry, and William are the most common English men's given names. Edward was virtually unheard of until King Henry III name his son Edward after Edward the Confessor (the last Anglo-Saxon King), then suddenly it was everywhere. John was less popular but still up there. Pretty much every man's name we have a record of is still in use today.

Isabella/Isabel, Matilda/Matilde, Alice, Agnes, Eleanor, and Margaret were the most popular women's names. There is a lot more variation though, and many names that are no longer popular today.

When recorded in wills, subsidy rolls, and other church and government documents men's and women's names were Latinized so the names in these documents do not necessarily represent what the names actually were or how they were spelled or pronounced. For example, a man whose name was William would have his name recorded as Willelmus. A lot of names we think of as men's names today were actually gender-neutral but were given gendered suffixes when recorded. Women with recorded names like Philippa, Alexandra, and Johanna may very well have been called Phillip, Alexander, and John in vernacular.

When naming medieval characters, it is also worth noting not just what names were popular but amongst whom. Alan for example was a Breton name that became popular amongst the Breton diaspora in England who fought for William the Conqueror. Names like Edward, Albert, Alfred, and Edmund were Anglo-Saxon names which were understandably unpopular with the Anglo-Norman upper class for two and half centuries. Names like William, Henry, Isabella, and Matilda came from the continent, mainly France, and were fashionable. Later in the 14th century onwards we start seeing Anglo-Normans named Edward and, a hundred years earlier, English peasants named Alan, but it took centuries for these names to lose their cultural associations. It is likely that Ango-Saxon naming traditions (including epic names like Wulfweard) persisted into the 14th century but there is little documentation of it, because, well, peasants.

What surprised me most about given names was that Mary (nor Maria), James, and George did not appear in any of the primary sources I looked at. Elizabeth appeared, but not nearly as much as Eleanor and its variations, like Annor.

Also, contrary to popular belief, most people at this time would have been known by their given names, not by a surname. Calling someone Mr. D'Arcy or Miss Benet is a convention that arose later. You see, in order to call someone by their last name, they have to have a last name. Hereditary surnames existed in the 14th century and were becoming more common but they were not yet standard. Most people were known by their first name plus a byname. The purpose of a byname was not to replace the first name in for formal settings (like is the case with a modern surname) but to be added to the given name to distinguish between multiple people with the same name.

For English Christians there were four main types of byname:

Occupational bynames the most common. This is names like Tayler, Chandler, Webster, Coke (cook), Fuller, Smythe etc.

Locative bynames fell into two categories. One was bynames for the specific place a person lived, like attewode (at the wood) and atteway (at the road). The other was bynames for a town, region, or country. People were rarely named after the city they were currently in -- there is no point in calling someone John de London if you are in London, because technically every John is de London. Instead people were named for the place they were born (if different from where they are now), the place they just came from, or the place they owned land.

When recorded in Latin, locative bynames were preceded by "de", so Alice de Worchester. Commoners were known by such names as often as nobles. Having a byname like "de France" did not necessarily mean you were a prince or princess of France. It just mean you came from France.

Familial bynames identified someone by a more well-known relative, as the child or their parents, or as the wife of their husband. Someone being known as Richard, brother of Agnes or Thomas, father of Margaret was not as common as Matthew, son of John or Matilda, daughter of Edward but it was not unheard of either. It really just depended on whether your relative was well-known.

When recorded in Latin patronymics (the most common form of familial byname) looked like, Edwardus fillius Rogerus or Isolda fillia Willelmus.

The last and least common (but best IMO) type of byname was the nickname. Some were compliments like Richard, Ceour de Lion (Lionheart), some were physical descriptors like Robin o' the Hoode (a hood being a very common clothing item with a liripipe) or Henri le Chauf (the Bald), and some where humorous. A very tall person might be named Lytle John ironically or an overly serious man called Lytleprud. Names could also come from embarrassing moments like, Fellinthewelle or from favourite expressions. Godsake and Godbewhytheye were not uncommon bynames. Hawesia Cristepis (Christ have peace!) was a real person.

Jewish law regulated bynames more than Christian law did. Generally under Jewish law a man was known by his father's name, and if there were two men with the same father and given name then by his grandfather's name. However, it was also more common for Jewish people to be known by female relatives. Jewish women exercised more freedom and economic independence than Christian women did and were often better known their communities than their husbands, brothers, sons, or fathers.

Muslims also used bynames, with familial bynames, specifically patronymics, being the most common. Metronymics were not unheard of though, and sometimes a father or mother might prefer to be known by their son rather than their own father.

There is evidence that hereditary surnames were becoming more and more common in England beginning in the 12th century, with records of sons having patronymics that refer to someone other than their father, and their own children using the same. I.e. Willelmus fillius Henricus was the son of Roger, not Henry, and William's own son Alan was also known as fillius Henricus rather than fillius Willelmus. This becomes more common by the middle of the 14th century but does not become mainstream until the end of the medieval period in the 16th century.

Okay, that was long. But I had fun!!!

[systemserendipity]

mak1n anothr headmate 1ntro fastr than we thought bc-- 🌠 1 dcidd to show back up 🌠

1 usd to be our arguably most act1vly onl1ne mmbr when we wre a k1d and t33n (whn 1 fronted the most)

now 1 just k1nda float through l1fe, f33ling sad for myself, really embody1ng that gr1nch schdule mme

╔═*.·:·.✧ ✦ ✧.·:·.*═╗

📻 MAIN INFO 📻

Name: Willow Kross Wallace

Emoji: 🌠

Age: slides 16 to mid-20s

Gender: demifem crypto-gothgender

Pronouns: they/shy/any

Orientation: pandemisexual

Birthday: October 31, 2039

Species: augmented human

Active?: yes

System Role(s): trauma holder, ex-host, fused part (Shilo, Zydrate, Willow, Norman, Lydia, Mari, Edward, fragments)

Group: TBD

📻 SOURCE INFO 📻

Introject?: post-fictive

Okay with doubles?: yes

Source?:

Repo (musical), Bates Motel / Psycho, Beetlejuice (movie and musical), "Mary on a Cross," Ghost, Edward Scissorhands (and other Burton works)

Origin: cryptogenic

Split/Arrival Time: roughly childhood yrs (

📻 OPTIONAL INFO 📻

Random fact(s):

typing quirk (dpnd1ng on how comfortable thyre f33l1ng) will provide translations with quirked messages if requested

💿Mixtape:

Away Message:

rats

╚═*.·:·.✧ ✦ ✧.·:·.*═╝

1 hope u enjoy, whovr the fuk actually rds th1s sh1t, 1f noth1ng else 1m sure the gatk33prs and ovrs33rs'll s33 soooooooo

uh

h1 👋 fuk u /j

~~~W1llow 🌠 (they/shy/any)

[mirandamckenni1]

How The Dinosaurs Actually Died Get 50% off your first crate of a monthly subscription with KiwiCo at https://ift.tt/e5Srtq0 with code KURZGESAGT. This video was sponsored by KiwiCo, thanks a lot for the support! Sources & further reading: https://ift.tt/ydBeDxv A ruthless murder was committed! Someone killed the dinosaurs and we have the murderer! Witnesses say that an Everest-sized asteroid hit Earth, devastated the planet and caused a mass extinction. A simple, fascinating and convincing explanation. Or… is it? OUR CHANNELS ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ German: https://ift.tt/apQjC81 Spanish: https://ift.tt/EzAqve5 French: https://ift.tt/jyGrxDF Portuguese: https://ift.tt/W6rmjbC Arabic: https://ift.tt/wqlgHy9 Hindi: https://ift.tt/VKR1SN8 Japanese: https://ift.tt/jt54J3r Korean: https://ift.tt/hDsg5mI HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US? ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us! Get Products designed with ❤ https://ift.tt/6cthdsQ Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://ift.tt/FZqIfe5 DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit Instagram: https://ift.tt/qIc860z Twitter: https://ift.tt/WcBuZhi Facebook: https://ift.tt/3lt8riW Discord: https://ift.tt/DclvYUm Newsletter: https://ift.tt/Bh24Ptg OUR VOICE ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://ift.tt/TUIxhfE OUR MUSIC ♬♪ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ 700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain: Spotify: https://ift.tt/yCDvfuB Soundcloud: https://ift.tt/Nz7CTwE Bandcamp: https://ift.tt/QUEiT8g Youtube: https://ift.tt/AKLpOU7 Facebook: https://ift.tt/S3VE4uM The Soundtrack of this video: SoundCloud: https://bit.ly/3PBBe8V Bandcamp: https://bit.ly/3VzgIcV If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.org You can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here: https://ift.tt/KZ4d5mH Thank you! 🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible: Daniel Nimmo, Kamden Triner, Joel Hernandez, Leo, Alejandra Vallejo, Riker Charlson, Michele Perez, Sy Lindberg, Dustin Hall, NuclearDiamond, James Johnson, Norman Roldan, BluetheDogon, Astrodork, Robfox007, mae, Kasia Oratowska, G MM, Shakya Rajapaksa, A Hardwick, Lei Zhao, Sarah Engel, Andy Akins, Alex Kimm, WildflowersCreations, Stephanie Schechter, Evgeniya Ezhova, Navina Müller, Adrian Finschow, André Luiz Sevilha, forcedInduction, Caroline Serban, 철흥 박, Edward, The Upward Education, Paul Zietsman, Kay Albrecht, Carolina Perez, Ben Schechter via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjoQdz0nxf4

[scotianostra]

Holy Rood Day occurs on May 3rd and is a held in celebration of the discovery of the cross on which Jesus was crucified and is celebrated as a religious observance.

This ties directly in with one of our fondest remembered Queens, Margaret, and one of Scotland's most treasured and enigmatic relics, the Black Rood, said to be a piece of the True Cross set in an ebony crucifix. Here's the story to date.

The Black Rood is said to have been brought to Scotland by Margaret who fled north in the years after the Norman Conquest and married Malcolm Canmore, Malcolm III. A bit of Margaret's background is relevant. She is said to have been born in Hungary but was in England during the reign of Edward the Confessor who was her grand-uncle.

On her death in 1093, Margaret is reported to have left the Rood, described by contemporary historians as a ''great national palladium'', check out the link for a great telling of how Margaret called for the rood as she lay dying in Edinburgh Castle.

To the Scottish people. It is recorded as having been taken south along with the Stone of Destiny in 1296 as part of Edward I of England's booty from his Scottish ''tour''. Its significance for the Scots is indicated by the fact it was only restored by special treaty.

Almost half a century passes before it surfaces again, this time as one of the relics carried by the Scots army in 1346 to the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham where we were soundly drubbed and David II was taken into captivity.

The English considered the acquisition of the Black Rood almost as important as the victory itself and it was kept for the next 200 years in Durham Abbey ''on the pillar next to St Cuthbert's shrine in the south aisle''. During the chaos of the Reformation, like so many other religious artefacts, it disappeared.

You don't have to believe in all the religion surrounding the Holy, or Black Rood to understand that this was one of the most treasured relics from our medieval history, just rooting around in history and you can find other legends regarding pieces of the Cross, so much so the reformer John Calvin thought there were enough pieces of the "True Cross" floating around to build a battleship or I would add, perhaps an Ark.

Check out the link for more info on the Black Rood here https://scottishroyallegends.blogspot.com/.../this-holy...

[bamboomusiclist]

6/23 おはようございます。Jimmy Castor Bunch / Its Just Begun Lsp4640 等更新しました。

Rosemary Clooney Harry James / Hollywood's Best CL6224 Al Cohn / East Coast West Coast Scene ljm1020 Roland Kirk / Slightly Latin lm82033 Budd Johnson Quintet / Let's Swing svlp2015 Art Farmer / to Sweden with Love 1430 Norman Simmons / Norman Simmons trio lp607 Barbara Carroll / Barbara Carroll bnla645g Max Roach / Percussion Bitter Sweet as8 Kenny Burrell / with John Coltrane prst7532 Houston Person / Broken Windows Empty Hallways Prst10044 Jimmy Castor Bunch / Its Just Begun Lsp4640 Edward Vesala / Nan Madol 60007st David Bowie / Scary Monsters Bowlp2 Faust / Faust Rrone Faust / IV v2004 Faust / the Faust Tapes vc501

~bamboo music~ https://bamboo-music.net  info@bamboo-music.net   530-0028 大阪市北区万歳町3-41 シロノビル104号 06-6363-2700

[deadlymodern]

1 & 7 for the Norman siblings? :)

1. How do they handle heart break?

Ah, yes. The Norman siblings all share one things in common: they don’t know how to properly handle overwhelming emotions. They bottle it all up until they are either physically ill or emotionally drained & burst like a bubble 🙃  Needless to say that none of them actually fully recovered from anything that ever happened to them.

BETH

You’ll be seeing that fjgkld. 

Beth can feel A LOT of anger mixed in with her sorrows. Whenever she feels humiliated, belittled or wronged, she can become quite apathetic & more impatient - even towards people who are trying to be supportive. However, Beth also feels ashamed for feeling/thinking such “mean things” and will usually spend her whole energy trying to bottle it up as well. 

It’s easy to spot when Beth is hurt because she spaces out a lot - as a way to try as process her feelings. She also tends to overwork herself to keep her mind busy! If she spends too much time without any of her coping mechanisms (writing, running, smoking, distractions etc) she can have a more physical reactions.

In conclusion: not good kfdgçd;

NED

Ned is one to overdrink to drown his sorrows. He tries to avoid it because he knows he is hot headed and can get into trouble - as he has in the past. In an attempt to not drink much, Ned also over works and tried to remain as active as possible.

At the end of the day, though, Ned cries alone in his bedroom.

MATT

Matt shuts himself off completely. He can spend days on end without exchanging a single word with anyone. He needs to be in complete solitude because it’s the only way he can physically process his feelings, and if he can’t get that, he can spiral. Usually, if he’s too overwhelmed, he’ll also have more physical reactions: hyperventilate, heart palpitations etc.

Just like Ned, he also cries a lot when he is alone and have outbursts of anger. But sometimes, if he is feeling close to “loosing it”, he’ll confide in someone. Usually Beth or a close friend from school.  

FLIP

Perhaps the one who copes the healthiest way, Flip likes to resort to his music. He’s never had a heart break (regarding romance), but he enjoys just putting it all out in the songs he plays. 

He also likes to keep himself busy - but not with work. He’ll make whatever he can to not get home, spending time with his friends and just trying to have fun. Eventually his feelings catch up to him and he has an easier time releasing them than his older siblings, but he holds it in until the last minute.

7. What do they want to accomplish?

BETH 

One of Beth’s biggest dreams is to “become a real writer” which, in society’s eyes, means having a book published. She’d love to have a poetry book published but she’d be just fine with anything as long as it were her words. Beth also wants to get a college degree in English & Literature real bad.

NED

Ned is a simple man and his goals are mostly short term. He wants to win a football game with his village team and he really wants to build Sue a little nook for her to keep on working on her plants and flowers once they are married 🥺  

MATT

Matt wants to become a Science professor and would love to just be part of the academic world.

FLIP

Flip desperately wants to be a musician and just have an easy life. He wants to have money and daily adventures, seeing different parts of the world everyday. His dreams are still a bit naive since Flip is not really working to accomplish them - he just hopes someone will listen to him one day and be like “YES. THAT’S MUSIC.” Flip is cocky enough to believe that will happen with minor effort.

Thank you for asking, Clara! 🥰

[chid0rita]

Heyo! I’m Mod Marionette and this is my edit blog. Me and some of the others in the Sys have another edit blog @vampyr-blossom​. You may know me from @/dicefloweredits but I moved to here. 

My Pronouns fluctuate, feel free to use any but They/Them for me, all my editing info under the cut.

DNI; Nobody reads these so I will say; If you make me uncomfortable, you will find yourself blocked. 

Inbox - Open

About The Mod;

You can call me Marion(ette), or the names of my irls 

While my theme is me, I have other irls relating to project sekai so I will likely use more than just one to display me

I’m a minor with school, be patient

I’m a system

Tha beagan eòlas agam air a ’Ghàidhlig! Thug mi dhan sgoil e airson beagan bhliadhnaichean

I won’t take requests of my irls, unless discussed first. I will simply deny you if I am uncomfortable (Fictives are exempt)

I talk in third person sometimes,,, sorry if that makes you uncomfy

You’re not getting my main blog unless I trust you <33

Sources

Voca/Utau/Fanloid, Evillious Chronicles, Ghost and Pals, Sonic the Hedgehog, FNAF, DDLC, D4DJ, Project Sekai, MILGRAM, Bleach, FMA; Brotherhood, Amalee MVs

I will (selectively) do unlisted sources

Whitelist;

Characters; Kagamine Rin and Len, Mayu, Kasane Teto, Meiko, Fukase, Utatane Piko, VFlower, Yuzuki Yukari (Vocaloid), Tooth Hurty, Cakey, Kennith Simmons, Christopher Pierre, Norman Da Luz (Ghost and Pals), Banica Conchita, Riliane Lucifen d’Autriche, Sateriasis Venomania, Lemy Abelard, (Evillious), Infinite (Sonic), Edward Elric, Riza Hawkeye (FMA; B), Mu Kusunoki, Haruka Sakurai, Futa Kajiyama, Kotoko Yuzuriha, Mikoto Kayano (Milgram), Monika, Yuri, Sayori (DDLC)

Ships; MeiLuka, MikuRin, MikuLen, FukaFlower, MikuFlower (Vocaloid), Charon and Norman (Ghost and Pals), Sonadow, Whispangle (Sonic), Any DDLC ship (DDLC), 

Misc; Cows, Webcore

Blacklist

Characters; Yoimiya, D*insleif (Genshin Impact), Trash Dentist/Novacaine (Ghost and Pals)

Ships; Obviously Toxic/Gross Pairings, Romantic RinLen, Romantic GuMiku and MikuLuka, Oliver Ships, (Vocaloid) Happy Days! Maika x Men, Kennith Simmons x Women, (Ghost and Pals), Haruka x Futa or Mikoto (Milgram), 

Misc; Scenecore (Selective), Glitchcore (Selective), Sanriocore (Selective), Goblincore, Vaporwave

What I Can Edit;

Icons (Any Shape, Just Ask), Headers, Wallpapers, Edit Sets (Selective), Aesthetic Boards, Kin positivity, Playlists (Selective!), Transparents, Manga colouring, Stimboards, Canon Calls, Flags Picked from characters, Basic Recolours, Reply Icons (Any Shape, Just Ask), Colour Swap edits, Basic PJSekai Card Edits

[im-the-punk-who]

The Real People of Black Sails!

Here’s a quick(I promise....I promise this is as short as I could make it without leaving out some really choice shit) rundown of all the real historical figures peppered throughout Black Sails! I think I caught them all but if you know of others please mention them and I’ll add them on! Under a readmore because this is....so long y’all.

Pirates & Maroons

Anne Bonny (possibly 1697 – unknown; possibly April 1782) Started life crossdressing at her dad’s behest to avoid his wife(who wasn’t Bonny’s mom), married a guy her dad didn’t like, moved to Nassau. There her husband became a spy for Rogers and Anne was like ‘Not cool bro’. She met Jack, they started fucking, and Anne discovered she was really good at stabbing things. Resumed dressing as a man and started trying to seduce Mary Read who was also dressed as a man. They did indeed fall victim to one of the classic queer blunders. Anyway, Anne’s like ‘it’s not gay I’m a chick!’ And Mary is like ‘really?? Then it’s a little gayer than you realize because I’m a chick too!’ They (probably) start banging. Rackham’s like ‘hang on! I’m the only dick in Anne’s life’ and Mary and Anne are like ‘you sure are’ and Mary shows him her boobs and then they have some sort of complicated and probably not totally consensual threeway. Then they get captured because, Jack is That Guy Who Was Too Drunk To Realize His Ship Was Under Attack and Mary and Anne had to defend the ship against like, a whole other crew. Jack is hung(not a dick joke), but both Anne and Mary plead stays of execution due to pregnancy. Anne disappears but possibly is maybe referred to later. No one knows. Neat!

Edit: According to sources from this post there is a genealogical record that refers to Anne and it records her death as 1782. Very neat!

Israel Hands (c.1701-death unknown) Israel Hands was a real pirate and Blackbeard’s first mate. Not much else is known about where he came from or his life, other than that Blackbeard shot him in the knee at one point while supposedly aiming for another man. ‘Oops my bad this pistol is from like, the 18th century or something.’ While recuperating in Bath he was arrested after Teach’s death but took a pardon in exchange for ratting out the colonial officials who had been bribed by Teach. It’s unknown what happened to him after that although That Book About Pyrites says he died a beggar in London.

Benjamin Hornigold (1680–1719) Horny4gold was one of the most well known and influential pirates of the Golden Age. Most other pirates sailed under him or with him at one point, and he was one of the founders of the Pirate Republic of Nassau. He never attacked british ships during his time as captain so that he could be like ‘but brooooo I was acting in Britain’s Interests!!! Bro!!!!!’ But his co-pirates didn’t like that and eventually voted to replace him with Sam Bellamy. He accepted the king's pardon in 1718 and became a pirate hunter instead. Bummer. He was reportedly killed in a shipwreck.

Okay listen Horingold in any universe is a fucking JOKE I have to share this passage with y’all:

“Hornigold is recorded as having attacked a sloop off the coast of Honduras, but as one of the passengers of the captured vessel recounted, "they did us no further injury than the taking most of our hats from us, having got drunk the night before, as they told us, and toss'd theirs overboard"” WHAT A JOKE.

Dr. Howell - (birth/death unknown) John Howell was a pirate surgeon forced into service by Hornigold sometime in early 1717. He sailed with various pirate crews until October before returning into the service of Governor Rogers.

Ned Low (1690–1724) N’EDWARD. Okay I’m serious again. Born in London, Lowe grew up a thief in a thief family before moving to Boston. His wife died in childbirth in 1719, so he decided ‘fuck it I’ll become a Pirate Captain’ and did just that. He was known for torturing the people on board the ships he captured before murdering them and burning the ship. Interestingly though, Lowe was known to have a huge amount of regret over abandoning his daughter when he turned pirate, and wouldn’t force married men into his service. He also reportedly would allow women to return to port safely. Because of his numerous captures and cruelties, he was one of the most well known pirates in his day. There are differing reports about Low’s death - some say his crew mutinied and marooned him and he was subsequently hung, others say his ship sunk in a storm, and some say he just straight up disappeared. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Jack Rackham - (December 26, 1682 – November 18, 1720) Really a pirate, really named himself after a housecat pattern. (No, okay, he didn’t, it was because of his threads. But wouldn’t the cat thing fit too?) Sailed with Vane, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read. Was mostly known for being That Guy Who Was Too Drunk To Realize His Ship Was Under Attack and being Anne and Mary’s captain. He was captured and sentenced to hang after the aforementioned Drunk Blunder in 1720.

Mary/Mark Read - (1685 – 28 April 1721) Much like Anne Bonny, Mary dressed as a boy for much of her youth so a parent could swindle someone out of money. From her teenage years on she continued dressing as a man to find work in the military and as a sailor. She did marry but her husband died young and so she decided to become a pirate. Like ya do. She accepted the king’s pardon in 1718, then mutinied on the privateer she was aboard, once again becoming a pirate. Because pirates are sexy. In 1720 she joined Jack Rackham’s crew and sailed with him and Bonny. Cue the whole ‘Hey you’re hot, also I’m a woman.’ ‘Oh, hey, same hat!’ with Anne. In November of 1720, Rackham’s ship was captured. Mary died of a fever in prison(likely due to her pregnancy) in 1721.

Edward Teach - (c. 1680 – 22 November 1718) He started piracy sailing under Hornigold, and built the fleet alongside him and Stede Bonnet until Hornigold retired. COOL fact about Blackbeard is he was a MASTER showman who liked to light slow burning fuses under his hat to scare his enemies, and he relied more heavily on creating an image his prizes feared than violence. He did a lot of cool shit including ransoming the entire town of Charles Town and annoying the shit out of Woodes Rogers before settling in Bath and later dying of like, a shit ton of wounds while battling Lieutenant Maynard. The battle on Roger’s ship is pretty much what happened minues the keelhauling. Afterwards he was beheaded, his head hung from the bow of Maynard’s ship, and his body was thrown in the bay in Bath, where it’s said his ghost still haunts! Funky!

Charles Vane - (1680 – 29 March 1721)  Really a pirate captain! Known for being Not A Nice Dude. Sailed with Henry Jennings, Edward England and Jackie Rackhammie. He led the pirates in resisting Rogers in Nassau, and yeah he really did light a ship on fire and 18th centuryeet it into Rogers’ line in order to escape. There’s a note that he returned to Nassau to get married but I couldn’t find any info on who he married so he’s gay now. That’s a rule I just made up. Anyway so at one point his ship got into a fight with another ship and Vane ordered a retreat and the crew was like ‘this is BOOshit’ and voted him out in favor of Jack Rackham. Ouch. Vane and some of the crew that supported him left aboard the Katherine(I believe) but then they got caught in a storm that said ‘fuck you specifically to Charles Vane,’ and he was marooned on an island. He survived! Just long enough for a British ship to stop at the island for him to attempt to board, get caught, and then hung. Deus ex piratica.

(Honorary mentions)

John Silver + Captain Flint (sort of but I’m not kidding!) Okay so of course there are a bunch of suspected origins of the characters of Captain Flint and Long John Silver, but the one I like the most is of two brothers - one of whom had a peg leg! - who captured an enormous Spanish treasure and buried it near Ocracoke island. Their names were John and Owen Lloyd. (And yes, John was the one-legged brother.) In 1750 a Spanish treasure fleet named the Flotas de Indias attempted to sail from Havana to Spain in late August, and three ships were wrecked during a hurricane. By a stroke of luck, the Lloyd brothers had been blown to the same inlet as the wrecked ships Guadalupe and Soledad , and managed to convince the Captain to hire them to transport the treasure to Norfolk. 

But of course because they thought the Spanish SUCKED they said ‘psyche’ and just fucked off with it while the Captain was fighting Bureaucratic red tape in North Carolina. Iconique. Owen Lloyd reportedly buried the treasure on Norman Island and  the pair became folk heroes in the area, particularly in St. Kitts.  (P.s., the Stevenson family ran a sugar production business on St. Kitts, and R.L. Stevenson’s great grandfather worked there as early as 1773 - just 25 years after the epic heist. COOL STORY BRO.)

Captain Throckmorton (Okay not really but I just love this guy’s name) Okay so this guy wasn’t really a pirate captain but he was a Steamboat captain in the 1830s and his name is just too ridiculous for someone to make up. Toot toot, motherfucker.

---------

Queen Nanny(Maroon Queen/Madi) (c. 1686 – c. 1755) The spiritual, cultural, and military leader of the Windward Maroons (who the Black Sails Maroons are based on.) She led them alongside her ‘brother’ Quao although the relationship between them isn’t known. Exact information about her origins are not known but best guess is that she was of royal lineage from present-day Ghana, born sometime in the 1680’s. She did have a husband named Adou(who may have been the same person as Quao? I’ve read conflicting stuff), but they had no children. Many of the guerilla warfare tactics we now think of as common practice were developed by Queen Nanny and the other Maroons in their fight against British incursions. (The trap that Flint lays, covering themselves with paint and leaves, and the pits the Maroons lay in the forest are tactics known to have been used by the Windward Maroons.)

Nanny was a fucking legend okay a LEGENDS ONLY legend. She was one of the most instrumental people in preserving African culture among freed slaves and Maroons, and in encouraging the resistance to slavery in the Bahamas and surrounding areas. She was one of three leaders of the First Maroon War (which the war in Black Sails is based on). She initially refused to sign the treaty offered to Cudjoe because she knew the British were losing and was like ‘Why????? Would I surrender???? In a war??? I’m winning?????’

Anyway Queen Nanny was a fucking badass please read every piece of literature you can find on her. (You should absolutely read her full bio because she was fucking badass.)

Cudjoe (not exactly, but Julius is very close) (c. 1690s – 1764) Likely a freeborn son of one of the original escaped slaves turned Maroons, Cudjoe is hailed as one of the greatest Maroon leaders(after Queen Nanny). Much like in Black Sails, these original Maroons were slaves who escaped or overran their masters, forming free communities in the Mountains of Jamaica. The treaty in Black Sails is based on the one Cudjoe negotiated with the British, wanting an ‘honorable peace’ with the enemy, rather than the continued war and better terms that Queen Nanny and Quao wanted. (sound familiarrrrrr?) I do want to note that by the end of his life he became completely disillusioned with the idea that the British should be reasoned with and basically started fights with every British superior he could.

The English, Spanish, and Scottish!

The Guthries So while there wasn’t ever a female head of the Guthrie clan in Nassau, the Guthries were a Scottish merchant clan who emigrated to Boston around 1652 due to religious and racial persecution. While most of the family stayed around Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, John Guthrie moved to Virginia and his brother James Guthrie moved to Bermuda sometime after 1683.

(James Guthrie of Suffolk County, Massachusetts was listed in the will of John Richardson, dated 7 May 1683, in which Richardson says, “I give and bequeath unto James Guthrie all I have in the world except twenty shillings to buy John Harris a ring and ten shillings to buy John Kyte a ring.” This was witnessed by John Raynsford and John Ramsey.) Fellas is it gay.

Anyway, between Virginia and Boston and James’ ties in the Bermuda islands, the family made a shit ton fencing pirated goods during the Golden Age of Piracy, particularly from the Pirate Republic of Nassau.

A John Guthrie(likely a son of James’) was also a Colonel who was part of the peace talks with Cudjoe and the Maroons. Neat!

James Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) Okay listen Oglethorpe was COOL AS FUCK. He is the founder of the colony of Georgia and is imo who Thomas Hamilton is probably based on. Oglethorpe was a HUGE humanitarian and even before he decided to form an entire colony around people not owning slaves. He advocated for better conditions for sailors, and prison reform. In 1732 he read a letter by a slave in Maryland named Ayuba Suleiman Diallo and on the spot decided slavery was terrible, divested himself of his stock in the African Trading Company, and resolved to include a law banning slavery in Georgia to the colony’s charter. Radical, man.

Speaking of Georgia, and specifically his plantation near Savannah, Oglethorpe actively spoke with the native Yamacraw who populated the land to ask permission and trade for the land he sought to build Georgia on. His plantation was meant to help debtors in London, released without any support, from falling back into debt and offering them a way forward to landownership through indentured servitude. I highly recommend anyone interested in early attempts at an equality based colonial system read up on the original charter of Georgia. (Of course there were still problems, but Oglethorpe was one of the most prominent proponents of a non hierarchical society - including limits to the acreage any person could own based on how helpful that land was to the people who worked it, and communal resources.) Oglethorpe was also a lifelong friend with Tomochichi, the chief of the Yamacraw, and worked very closely with him on colonial-indigenous relations.

Vincente de Raja (birth/death unknown) He was the real Governor and military Captain of Cuba from 1716-1717. He was a devoted pirate hunter and encouraged Spanish privateering against the pirates. Due to an attempt by Spain to increase tobacco profits at the expense of the farmers, there was a large revolt which resulted in many of the Cuban officials, including Raja, being replaced. 

William Rhett (4 September 1666 – 12 January 1723) He was a merchant captain and plantation owner in Carolina who served in the colonial militia and hunted pirates. He captured Stede Bonnet and was probably just as much of an asshole as he is in the show.

Woodes Rogers - (c. 1679 – 15 July 1732) The Governor of Nassau who was largely responsible for ending piracy in the Bahamas. He really did offer a universal pardon, which a large number of the pirates took. Fun fact: before he was Governor, he rescued Alexander Selkirk, who is believed to be the guy Robinson Crusoe is based off of! Neat! He really did have a brother who really did die during his privateering exploits which also really did leave him ‘disfigured’. He got sued by his crew, went bankrupt, wrote a book, got famous for writing the book, and he really did have a wife named Sarah whom he divorced shortly after all this happened. He then became Governor of Nassau for the first time. This first term did end in him being imprisoned for debts incurred defending the island from Vane and Teach and the Spanish, but he was released, helped write that most famous A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, and became governor again in 1728. He died in 1732 of just plain exhaustion from dealing with the bureaucracy. Alexa play tiny violin.