#homenial

[perumahan-tasikmalaya]

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[convxction]

GOOD FLUFFING MORNING TO THEM

[aropride]

i want 2 go homeni want 2 go home i hate being in class its hot and sticky and miserable here and immfucking up my painting the more i work on it

[sinnerofwalpurgisnacht]

hmmmmm…

🍞

...?

???

I'm not sure what this means so I'm going to talk about bread now.

Interestingly breads have a lot of different cooking methods. Beer bread may use beer as a leavening agent instead of alongside yeast. Otherwise it might only impact the flavour when it's baked.

Tortillas are fried and were originally made with corn. Wheat was only used later on. Corn kernels would undergo nixtamalisation which involves soaking in alkaline solution. This would be done with lye, wood ash and water, before limewater would be used later. The corn in the solution is then simmered.

This process makes the outer layer of each kernel, the pericarp, easier to remove. This also removes niacin from the hominy or nixtamal which is difficult to digest. Nixtamal is the name for the processed corn but it is also known as homeny. The corn is then washed of solution with water. This usually gets rid of all of the pericarp and the corn has now officially become nixtamal which can be ground into flour and made into a dough, which is called masa, with water. This dough is then shaped into a flat circle and fried.

Faust would like to get further into other breads with deeper research into the science behind them. However I'm exceedingly busy at the moment and will not be able to.

[meadowmagica]

IM LIVE WITH FRIENDS

It's time for Footshove and Carl with the homeny! CROWD CONTROL ACTIVE - https://www.twitch.tv/radarachnid

[meadowmagicart]

tongue tied

I will be busy starting tomorrow, cause my homeny @dariusaurelius is visiting for a week and a half! We're gonna be smooching too much for me to work

[erospendragon]

⚜️

WE ARE SAD WITH WHAT

IS GOING ON

WE WISH YOU NEVER CAME

TO THIS PLACE

WHERE YOU JUST

DONT BELONG

THERE IS NOTHING FOR YOU HERE

WE DON'T

UNDERSTAND WHY

THIS IS ALSO NEW FOR US

WE GREW UP IN EXILE

BUT WE CAN'T WATCH

THIS ANYMORE

WE ARE DESPERATE

AND YOU DON'T ASK

FOR HELP FOR

A MISPLACED SENSE

OF LOYALTY

I CAN'T SEE YOU

GOING THROUGH THIS

EVERYDAY

THIS CAN'T BE

HAPPENING

⚜️

BELESTÁ VÉRTERA TÁCTENIS

DORSTERK MASKERAI ARKETIS

NÍSTILA FINDA TRISTESSA TARK

NAREKARST

ERFERI TARLI

PERSITIATE TOTALI TENDRA

DEVIDERE

MUSA KUNSTA BELITA

RACMA FARSI TORAK METS

HOMENI GAYA ARTE È PARTE

STÚNIR TERFARE MERKAET

PERCAETORLÉS VANÇANA LIRTARE

VÉRTICA MENI PRÓSPERA FACTA

TROVA LERKAI TAR LUNDRA

PERSEA BELITA RAESTARE

ASTATA SIEMBRA ORKAESTÁS

ÓRBITA NARSTA TUNAE KANTARK

LÂMINA STÁVIRA ERTESI URTA

RESTE PÉRMARE ORKETÉY LINTA

TESKÓREA FAE RESTÓI VERS SINTA

⚜️

"What about the girl?"

I dont know.

"You changed your mind?"

I dont know.

"This is serious them."

I guess.

"All right."

⚜️

Sister. The day I died. For how long did a stayed dead?

"Less than one our."

Who brought me back?

"Marcela."

Why?

"Your dead was bringing the Army of The Dead."

How did they kill me?

"The same way they are killing you now."

And the Army?

"With your unclel M."

Who is the Commander of the Calvery?

"Your dad."

Where is him?

"Brother."

Yes.

"Everybody is here."

What is this feeling holding me back?

"Mercy."

⚜️

Let's die together.

⚜️

Infelizmente seu pequeno contratempo desta vez tera consequencia, tumblr.

[onceuponablogging]

— @zatdummesmadchen

Disclaimer: even though we might not be from the same fandoms, don’t be afraid to reach out! These are just several fandoms and ships I visit from time to time, anime stuff I have watched, for their fanfictions or attractive characters. So it’s all good. I am aware of the controversy surrounding several of the ships & fandoms; I mostly stay away from that part of the fandoms and just vibe with the chill fans.

☆ Hetalia - I ship unpopular pairings. Especially nyoheta. Gerhun, prukraine, polhun & the like.

☆ BNHA - dekulissa, bakumomo, todochako, huwumi, mirudabi, shigimirko, tsuiida, kamimomo, kirimina, naganthaul, tamajire, natsuo x nejire, dabi x burnin'

☆ AOT - erehisu, ereannie, aruhisu, arumika, reihisu, reiannie, beruannie, anniemika, jeankasa, rivamika, levihan, erwinhan, jeansasha, sashanic.

☆ JJK - satoru x shoko, shoko x getou, shoko x nanami, nanami x mei mei, getou x utahime, nobara x megumi, nobara x yuji, yuta x maki.

☆ Chainsawman - denji x kobeni, aki x homeni, aki x power.

☆ Demon slayer - surprisingly, all the canon pairings are fine to me. Douma x shinobu is hot.

☆ Marvel//DC - Not too big on pairings. Natasha x Steve eats tho.

☆ Fine with MLP, Monster/After high, Total drama, Hazbin.

— 🐝🍯🌻

╚═════ °• ♔ •° ═════╝

[motioncollector]

FOALS - Neptune [Official Music Video] via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw4w0Qh-d08 // FOALS - Neptune [Official Music Video] New album Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost - Part 2 out now: https://foals.me/enswbl2 Director: David East 2nd Unit Director: Francis Wallis Executive Producer: Campbell Beaton Producer: Ryan Morgan Production Manager: Beatrice Guistini PA: Emma Stevens Broyd DOP: Thomas Hole Focus Puller: Oliver Munks 2nd AC: Danny Uzman Quad Bike: Rich Cornelius, James Herring 1st AD - Artem: Raymond Okudzeto 1st AD - Botany Bay: Tiernan Hanby Gaffer: Paul Burns Spark: Dan Burns FX Supervisor: Nigel Swift First Aid: Elton Alexander Runners: Alice Carlet, David Burridge, Simon Dawson, Johnny Rodriguez Perez, Horse Handlers: Zana Cousins Greenwood, Karl Green, Pete Saunders, Freddy Steele, Barbara Dove Handler: Emma Phills, Carly Anne Raven Handlers: Daisy Bessant, Shannon Mcaleer, Graham Bessant Vet: Rachel Homeny Grade: Simon Bourne @ Framestore Colourist - Simon Bourne VFX Artist - Pablo Vera Colour Producer - Chris Anthony VFX Producer - Alexia Paterson VFX producer - Christopher Gray Additional Visual Effects : StrangeLove studios Cape Town - Charmaine Greyling, Xander Van Der Cast: Sulay Kelly & Hannah Bilverstone http://foals.co.uk https://instagram.com/foals https://twitter.com/foals https://facebook.com/foals #Foals #Neptune

[perumahan-tasikmalaya]

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[arquivo-pluris]

Vivo fazendo junção de palavras sem contextualizar, como se aqueles termos fossem retirados de livros cheios de cripto-arcaísmos academicistas e preciosismos neo-linguísticos. Só que não, eu mesmo invento sem criar livros enormes e cheios de devaneio para explicar coisas do dia-a-dia. Mas vou fazer um pequeno glossário antes de começar os textos.

Polinormatividade: normas (popularmente cagação de regras) inventadas só para dizer que este é o padrão poliantrópico (poliamor ou poligâmico). Já citada em textos de Assexual Orelhudo​. Lembrando que polinormativo é diferente de 'polissexista' ou 'poligamismo', nada se compara ao monogamismo e mononormatividade que são supremacismos e elitismos afetivos. Poliginia mascunormativa e falocêntrica: basicamente a primeira e velha imagem do que monogamistas pensam sobre o que é poliamor e poligamia, alegando ser a coisa mais machista do mundo dicishétero (onde só o homem é livre para se relacionar com quem quiser). Isso é uma realidade compulsória e sentida até mesmo em relações não-mono. Há uma prescrição cis-heteropatriarcal do como relacionamentos poli 'funcionam'. Mascunormatividade foi cunhada na orientando.org, se não me engano, para se referir a norma masculina (dentro e fora do meio não-binário). Supremacia monogamista: todo o higienismo de relacionamento amato-normativo, que se baseia na idéia como se relacionamentos estritamente monogâmicos, monofiéis e fechados fossem o correto e os únicos funcionais. Também advocam e defendem a infidelidade sem consentimento, talaricagem não-consentida e traição, dando-as perdões fiscais, para jamais admitirem que praticam abusos e auto-destruição em nome do amor monogâmico, pondo toda culpa na não-monogamia. Monofidelidade performativa: fingir que sua fidelidade singular e estrita é perfeita, também evitar falar de pensamentos 'carnais', promíscuos e/ou epicenos, ignorando e superficializando atrações estéticas por outras pessoas, psiquicamente nem se identificando com a animalia. Performatividade advém de 'performative allyship', junção inglesa pra 'militância de telão', ativismo pelo qual só é exercido em frente às câmeras. Ou seja, alusão de que para a sociedade, sua relação é linda e maravilhosa (eternamente feliz), mas omitindo os bastidores implicitos e ocultos da espera da vida pública.

Agora iremos traçar o que é gamia, e o que a diferencia da amoria (amorismo/amoridade, vem de amory/amorous, relação amorosa). Seria namoro um relacionamento amoroso? Há quem defina que seja um combo de compromisso, seriedade, fidelidade, afeto e sexo. Mas e assexuais não podem ser monoamor ou poliamor também? Logicamente essas combinações não são reais para todo mundo.

Casamento afinal, o que realmente é? Um trato assinado para relações estáveis civil / religiosamente? O tempo passa, o que antes era chamada de relação amasiada (amasiar poderia ser morar junto, fazer tudo que fazem na gamia numa relação amorosa porém sem oficialidade), hoje já é casar, para boa parte da população. Há também as queerplatonicidades (ou relações quasiplatônicas), que se assemelham muito a isso, com um tom de amicabilidade, familiaridade e proximidade sem serem românticas ou amicais, semelhantes a 'melhores amizades' porém 'quase-platônicas'. Vale lembrar que amizade e platonicidade (não confundir com platonismo) também são empiristas (construídas socialmente).

Quando falamos de poliamor assexual, há muitas pessoas que presumem que assexuais são pessoas absolutamente românticas (adicionalmente excessivas). Mas já imaginou aroaces (assexuais arromântiques) se declarando poli? Essas pessoas existem, tanto é que existe a bandeira polyaffectionate (poliafetuosa) para pessoas arromânticas (a que está na imagem). Tendemos a enxergar os conceitos de exclusividade amorosa sem uma fidelidade totalitária, como representada por aí. Lembrando também que há espectros das assexualidades e arromanticidades, e até mesmo pessoas que evitam rótulos -sexuais e -românticos para usarem -sensoriais/-sensuais, -sociais e -platônicos, devido a conotações pessoais (tanto externas quanto internas). Arromanticidade​, nonamor, sologamia e agamia são separadas.

Desconstruindo tudo isso, podemos afirmar que, assim como existem relações estéticos e mentais (espiritual ou intelectual), há casamentos que são apenas platônicos e poliamorias meramente afeituosas e amicais, até mesmo celibato romântico. Tantas combinações e formas, formando diversas afinidades mútuas e afetividades interpessoais (um leque de a/diversidades), que podem ser variantes e diversificadas.

Sobre a segregação de gênero: mulheres têm grande dificuldade em reconhecer e externalizar seu poliamor. Por que homens aparentam sentir-se livres para fazerem o que quiser, enquanto mulheres se sentem hiper-protegidas ou ameaçadas dentro de relacionamentos? Por que a representação homenil de poli é hipogâmica na maioria das vezes?

Todo esse elitismo mental e social, enfrentados por pessoas não-mono, pode ser sentido por pseudo-monogâmicos que reforçam sua monofidelidade sem estrutura. Ou seja, muita gente é afetada em nome do cis-heteroamor mononormativo, dicisheterossexismo sentido de longe e de perto. E como vem gente dizer que isso tudo não é repressão, opressão ou um tipo de discriminação?

Outra coisa: heteroPATRIarcado, ou seja, o pai (homem) arca com a relação heteronormativa. Pessoas lésbicas e sáficas são diretamente fetichizadas por homens (e na maioria das vezes sem consentimento). E se o homem que manda, homens gays que são mais punidos. A transhomofobia de homens cis é majoritariamente contra pessoas designadas homenis/masculinas ao nascer e que são variantes (trans/gays/bi/pluri/nb/etc.). Desde criança somos repreendidas para não sermos femininas, andróginas, meninas, 'mulherzinha' ou homo-afetivas. Putafobia enfrentada na pele, enraizada pelo imperialismo e obscurantismo de períodos colonialistas. Isso reflete em como a homossexualidade e transsexualidade são criminalizadas e condenadas em certos países da Afro-Ásia, onde há específicas permissividades para mulheridades trans e lesbicidades (lesbianidades e saficidades pluris), tudo em nome do homem-centrismo poligâmico. Concluí-se que a transhomofobia feminina/mulheril também é maior com indíviduos designados femininos/mulheris ao nascer e que são variantes. A homossocialidade nos provoca a competir e nos desvencilhar da irmandade (fraternidade / sororidade). \transhomofobia pode ser substituída por cisheterossexismo

Vale lembrar que poligamia e bigamia são vistas em certas intersecções da não-monogamia como monogamias plurais, pois monogamia é definida como estrita e sem liberdade (autoritária, fechada e não-livre).

Descrição da imagem: Símbolos poliamor em volta, lembrando o sinal de às, que na comunidade ace simboliza aroaces, tanto de área cinza quanto preta. Escrito: Amoria é só relacionamento sério e estritamente mono? Gamia: casamento, relação amasiada ou marital? Polinormatividade, poliginia falo-centrica e mascunormativa, supremacismo monogamista, monofidelidade performativa e monossexista, heteropatriarcado heteroterrorista, prescrição mononormativa e a política de respeitabilidade. São todas as realidades da monogamia clássica que nos imobiliza até hoje, trazidas junto ao imperialismo. Muitos agem como se casassem virgem hoje em dia, pois virgindade assim como o romance são empiristas (construções sociais) e auto-interpretadas. Poliafeição (poliafeto) sem romance e poliamor sem sexo? Existem! E não se resume apenas a amizade. Poliafetividade poliace existe e resiste! Nossa existência te ameaça? Por que se sente defensiva pelo nome da monogamia? Tudo isso leva questionar como você se relaciona? [fecha descrição]

[silvahhauntah]

I wrote this garbage fucking wing fic because I’m a salty fuckin bitch

    When Dean is 2 years old, he wants a sibling, (especially a brother), he sees them on TV, and he wants that. Someone to teach and to protect, he’ll show them his Pokemon cards and teach them how to play football, and it’ll be perfect. Dean’s wings are a pristine white with gold flecks at the bottom, much like his mother. His father’s wings are dark green with red on the inside. Neither of them inherit his wings.

    Samuel Winchester is born when Dean is four years old. Now, he has a brother, and everything is perfect. Sam’s little baby wings start to grow in after he’s two months old. And then, the demon attacks. His mother never finds out what Sam’s wing color is.

    They’re gold. Liquid metal shifting along his back, the rarest color out there. Dean’s wings glitter in the light, but nothing like Sam’s. Everytime he molts, his wings get richer and more beautiful in color, and Dean keeps the prettiest feather from the lot in a shoebox under his bed for him and Sam to look at everytime he gets new ones. (He doesn’t know that Sam does the same for him. His wings aren’t anything special, but to Sam, they’re more beautiful than his own.)

    It’s when they meet the angels that it changes. November 1st, the day after Castiel greets Sam as ‘the boy with the demon blood’ and they stop the raising of Samhain, and Uriel appears without anybody’s goddamn permission, Dean leaves for a little while.

Dean watches the kids swing and push each other on the playset, and he hisses at Castiel.

“The mission-”

“You don’t understand, I get it. But, my brother is everything to me. I would die for him, I survive for him, I kill for him. He believed in you motherfuckers, and you just, ‘the boy with the demon blood’. You know what? Fuck you, and fuck your mission.”

“-was simply to follow any orders you gave us.”

“-what?”

“I think you made the right decision.”

“I still say ‘fuck you’ but, thanks, I guess.”

Sam turns on the tv. It’s some show about who knows what, but Sam isn’t really watching anyway, instead, without really thinking he scratches at his primaries, and works the longest feather out with some effort, yanking it from its place, and running it across his face, leaving a smear of blood. It’s soft and sturdy, until he breaks it, and it’s not anymore. He continues at it, scratching and picking and pulling until his golden wings are splattered with gore and the bed is damp with his own blood. Dean comes into the hotel room, just as Sam is pulling out a clump of new downy feathers, which dance across his hands and onto the floor.

    “Sam what are you- What the fuck are you doing?”

    Sam whips around, eyes wide and confused, as if he’s been picking at his fingernails and not ripping chunks of feathers from his wings.

    His eyes slip down to his bloody hands and he shrinks in on himself, “Nervous habit. Uriel was here.”

    “Uriel was- wait.Nervous- nervous habit?- Sammy, you’re ripping out bloody chunks of , your wings-- they aren’t just accessories they’re, they’re literally parts of you, like your arms,”

    “Autocannibalism, Dean, people bite their skin off their fingertips and eat it, I just-- I got carried away. I was thinking,” he picks off another feather, and runs it through the blood on his fingers, “about some things.”

    “Sammy,”

    “I honestly only do it to help us.”

    “Sam.”

    “I wish you could understand.”

    “Sammy, shut up.”

    Sam’s head turns and Dean yanks his hands from his feathers, and Sam stills.

    “I don’t care, right now, what I care about is this, you’re destroying your body, Sam.”

    “It’s fine.”

    “Come on, Sammy, let’s bandage you up.”

    Bobby’s wings are a soft brown with white primaries,

    “When you let him in, you fight tooth and nail you hear me?”

    “Yes sir.”

    Lucifer gazes at the mirror, and shucks off Sam’s jacket, rolling up his sleeves. He spreads their wings, and they begin to soak with a near-black dark carmine red, the bones going black, molding into vines, blooming rich red roses. He lifts his-their primaries, which coat with a bright red color. “My wings used to be golden like yours, too. Until I was pushed from Heaven.”

    He runs his fingertips along their forearms, and a tiny fingernail-sized rose blooms at their pulsepoint, wrapping black vines around their forearms that sink into their skin, the rose glitters red with the blood its soaking in, and two blades form in their hands, crimson, soaked with blood.

    “What do you say we blow off a little steam?”

    They seperate the demons’ hearts from their bodies, and crush them in their hands, as they beat wildly.

    “You don’t understand, the only thing you’re going to see out there is Michael killing your brother.”

    “Well, then, I ain’t gonna let him die alone.”

    “Castiel,” he chokes, “Did you just malitof my brother,” he raises his wings, “with holy fire?”

“Uh…. no-”

“No-one dicks with Michael, but me.”

    Sam throws them both in the hole, and it seals above them.

    For the first year or so of hell, Sam refuses to talk to Lucifer, and once he finally does, he screeches out, “You murdered my friends, you punched my brother! You were gonna break his bones!”

    “Sam, I was angry! I wasn’t actually going to you know, kill him, you know? Like, I’da brought him back if we won!”

    “Don’t lie, you sack of shit.”

    “Sam.”

    Lucifer’s prefered form in hell is a man with slicked black ebony hair, he’s tall, and strong, and frustratingly handsome. As Satan should be, Sam guesses.

    Lucifer lounges against the cage, “Sam?”

    “Huh?”

    “I’m sorry.”

    “You’re- You’re sorry?”

    “That’s what I said.”

    The tenth year, Lucifer offers Sam his blood, “I taste better than any demon, Sam, trust me.”

    “Disgusting, no thanks.”

        The fiftieth year of hell is where Sam finally shatters, “Okay. Okay, just,” Sam is covered in festering, mortal wounds from the torture the cage provides, “save me.”

    Lucifer strides over to him, and looks him over. Sam tips his head back, leaning against the iron of the cage, and Lucifer crowds him against the wall, biting down hard enough on his own tongue to fill his mouth with blood, and locks their lips together, feeling Sam’s throat work under his palm, and even as he pulls back, Sam’s eyes burn with flame, much like his own, and he chases the taste, yanking Lucifer back to meet him, biting his lips and tongue for another taste of blood, he pulls his blades from his blood and pushes against Lucifer to access his arm, pinning him to the ground, and drinking from the wound before it seals.

    Seven devils all around me.

    By year one hundred and twenty, Lucifer realizes he has to get at least Sam’s body out of hell, that he’s beginning to die in this cage, made for an immortal, his wounds continue to get more severe.

    That’s how Sam ends up at Dean’s door. Soulless.

    Sam can purge angels from their vessels, they find out. Sometimes, if he’s angry enough, he can kill them too, with his blades made of his own blood, mortal blood mixed with demonic and angelic, and sometimes, sometimes he kills them with his mind.

    But anyway, here they are now, with Dean talking to Death, the Mark of Cain burning on his skin in some far away building, and Rowena mentioning they need one more ingredient.

    “The freedom of a damned man.” She says, carefully, staring straight at Sam.

    “Your wings.” She explains, “We need your wings.”

    Sam doesn’t think about it, he just pulls off his shirt, and unfolds them.

    It’s the most painful thing he’s ever experienced.

    They’re gone. Rowena burns them and puts the ashes into the bowl, and Lucifer’s vines fall from his forearms and wither, the rose crumbling beneath his boot.

    He shudders, as someone bandages him up, blood soaking through the bandages as quickly as they’re put on, he doesn’t scream when they cauterize the wound. He is numb.

        They send him to Dean, and his mind breaks like the bones of his shoulders, and he shudders with each blow, crying out as he hits the ground, gasping, Dean kicks him int he ribs, and Sam  shields his face,“That’s enough. That’s enough.”

    Sam stares up at his brother, blood welling up in his mouth, “You’ll never, ever hear me say, that you-- the real you--- is anything but good.” He spits out a mouthful of blood, “But you’re right. Before you hurt anyone else. You have to be stopped, at any cost… I understand.”

    He sighs, “Do it.” He clears his throat, biting his lip, hoping the pain at his back will fade.

    Sam tries to smile at Dean.

    “Close your eyes.” Dean stares at his little brother, and murmurs, “Sammy close your eyes.”

    Sam retrieves the pictures from his bandages that he saved, and tries to blush the blood off the tips, and sets them down.

    He looks up at Dean, and Dean murmurs, “Forgive me.”

    Sam closes his eyes quickly as Dean raises the scythe, and then startles as Dean growls. It sinks into someone else.

“Armanu dae, Armanu homenis!”

    “Fantastic. I think I just killed death.”

    Sam flinches, and falls back to his knees, “Dean I can’t, my back.”

    “Sammy--- That sound right to you?”

    Electricity crackles down and Dean’s arm boils, lifting the mark from his body.

    He helps pull Sam to standing, and they move out the door.

    “What did Death call this?”

“The Darkness.”

“Sammy, Sammy can you fly? We need to get out of here.”

    “I can’t, Dean.”

    “How come?”     “I can’t.”

    “Okay, Okay, Sammy, get in the car.”

[hoony-parker]

hiya guys! i'm taking a quick break this week, cuz a friend from back homenis visiting till sunday. i'll be quick to answer all your requests then 💓 take care, love ya

[dirtygirlsnursery]

Ohhh being a Dirty Girls Nursery bunny has its perks! Butterscotch & Whisky are livin’ large and lovin’ life! Some good eats for sure. . Speaking of good eats, tomorrow in the Mud n Grub kitchen there will be a 100 year old prize winning muffin recipe Bri g baked up. Along with cinnamon rolls, PECAN BREAD, orange cran scones, giant banana nut muffins, & then for lunch this weekend, PAZOLÉ! Another Mexican soup. This one has chicken & homeny in Mexican spices. Then you put fresh cabbage, onions, cilantro, chilé, lime and eat it with a tostada in one hand and a spoon another! 😋 Lunch will start being served 11:30. . #dirtygirlsnursery #crossvilletn #knoxvilletn #cookevilletn #spartatn #tennessee #tennesseelife #cumberlandcountytn #cumberlandcounty #sparta #cumberlandplateau #chattanooga #chattanoogatn #nashvilletn (at Dirty Girl's Nursery) https://www.instagram.com/p/CV6ulGPgfTU/?utm_medium=tumblr

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Imam Homeini o filozofiji

Gledište imama Homeinija spram grčke filozofske tradicije karakterište stanovita umjerenost. Imam Homeini Aristotela smatra osnivačem i utemeljiteljem logike i s počašću spominje ovog velikog čovjeka i njegovo služenje filozofiji i logici. Tako Imam o Aristotelu kaže sljedeće:

Ali Akbar Ziaei

I. Grčka filozofija

Gledište imama Homeinija spram grčke filozofske tradicije karakterište stanovita umjerenost. Imam Homeini Aristotela smatra osnivačem i utemeljiteljem logike i s počašću spominje ovog velikog čovjeka i njegovo služenje filozofiji i logici. Tako Imam o Aristotelu kaže sljedeće:

« Aristotel, sin Nikomahusa iz Stagire, jedan je od najvećih filozofa u historiji čovječanstva. Logika kao nauka i deduktivna metoda koja je osnova svih znanja utemeljene su zahvaljujući naporima ovog velikog čovjeka. U filozofskoj tradiciji Aristotel se naziva Prvim učiteljem, kao osnivač logike. Šejh al-Rais (Ibn Sina), čudo svoga vremena, slijedio je učenja ovog velikana i odao dužnu počast njegovim djelima. Sukladno mišljenju Ibn Sinaa do sada niko nije pronašao proturječnost u logičkim pravilima koje je utemeljio Aristotel, niti su njegova gledišta narušena ili korigirana od bilo koga. (Vidjeti Kešfu-l-esrar, str. 34)

Imam Homeini ponekad Aristotela naziva eminentnim filozofom, velikim filozofom, a njegovo čuveno djelo «Etiku» kao vrijedno i značajno djelo. (Vidjeti Adabu-s-salat, str. 329)

S druge strane, među teozofima i filozofima antičke Grčke imam Homeini  hvalio je i Platona. O njemu imam Homeini kaže sljedeće:

«U domenu teologije Platon je iznio čvrsta i jasna stanovišta. Šihabudin Jahja Suhreverdi i Mula Sadra, predvodnik teozofa islamske tradicije, komentirali su i argumentirali njegove stavove u već poznatim djelima kao što su Moalla'qa i Qavl bil masal al-iflatunije.

Unatoč Imamovom priznavanju zasluga grčke filozofije, o naporima i dostignućima muslimana i islamskih mislilaca na tom polju imam Homeini kaže sljedeće:

«Pokret prevođenja i naučnog preporoda stvorio je izrazito snažan naučni i mistični pokret u islamskom svijetu: tako je suhoparna grčka filozofija, koja i kao takva ima izvrsne vrijednosti, transformirana u okultni misticizam i intuitivnu spoznaju sljedbenika mističnog učenja. (Navedeno prema djelu Sahifet al-nur, vol. 17, str. 250)

Nakon iskaza o veličanstvenoj ulozi Kur'ana u ljudskoj spoznaji i činjenice da je upravo Kur'an Časni čovjeka uzdigao iz stupnja verifikacije i dokazivanja na stupanj intuitivne, srčane spoznaje, imam Homeini kaže:

« Da nije bilo Kur'ana Časnoga, vrata božanske spoznaje ostala bi zauvijek zatvorena. Grčka filozofija je sasvim drugi aspekat koji kao takav ima veliku važnost jer se služi rezonovanjem i dokazivanjem rečenog, ali tu ne postoji stjecanje spoznaje.»

II. Zapadna filozofija

Sa prethodnim objašnjenjem, djelimično je jasan i pristup imama Homeinija zapadnoj filozofiji. Imam Homeini kritikuje filozofsku misao Dekarta i smatra je posebno slabom u domenu teologije i metafizike. S druge strane, prekorava muslimanske mislioce koji se nekritički predaju zapadnoj filozofiji i u tom smislu kaže:

« Neki od njih smatraju da, ako zemlja napreduje u materijalnom pogledu, to također znači identičan napredak u domenu božanske mudrosti – hikmeta.»

Kritičko gledište imama Homeinija prema Dekartovom dokazivanju vječnosti ljudske duše nakon smrti ukazuje nam na dvije stvari:

Prvo, dobru obaviještenost i umješnost Imama kada je u pitanju zapadna filozofija

Drugo, da su u to vrijeme pojedini islamski mislioci kao dokaze za teoriju o vječnosti duše nakon smrti navodili Dekartove argumente, koje su smatrali jačim i više zadovoljavajućim nego one u muslimanskoj filozofskoj tradiciji.

Obraćajući se takvima koji zanemaruju ulogu islamske uleme i optužuju je za preziran stav prema razumu – aklu, imam Homeini kaže: «Zar nisu upravo vjerski autoriteti, ulema islama, napisali sva ta filozofska i teološka djela, zahvatili i dotakli sva filozofska i teološka pitanja u hiljade djela, traktata i rasprava, služeći se svjetlošću hikmeta i blještavilom razuma? Zar upravo vjerski autoriteti ne smatraju da je razum najbritkiji dokaz čak i u pitanjima fikha?»

Sva filozofska pitanja te većina metafizičkih i pitanja vezanih za usul bazirana su na mudrosti.

Obraćajući se autorima koji su pod zapadnim utjecajem koji ne cijene toliko doktrinarne principe islama koliko bombastična imena zapadnih filozofa i stranu filozofsku terminologiju, imam Homeini kaže:

"U proteklih pola stoljeća svi su citirali dokaze i izreke Zapadnjaka. Ukoliko su željeli postaviti neki problem ili riješiti neko pitanje, bez odlaganja bi citirali neki zapadni izvor ili stanovište zapadnih filozofa."

U nastavku Imam kaže: "Međutim, mnogo je pitanja koja zapadni filozofi još imaju naučiti od istočnih filozofa."

Važno je, svakako, napomenuti da zapadni filozofi imaju goleme zasluge za razvoj i usavršavanje pojedinih filozofskih pitanja od koji se neka nikada nisu postavljala u djelima istočnjaka.

Islamska filozofija

I. Peripatetička filozofska tradicija

Obraćajući pozornost na život i djelo Ibn Sinaa, imam Homeini kaže:

"Šejh al-rais Abu Ali Husejn ibn Abdullah ibn Sina rođen je u Buhari. Otac mu potječe iz Belha. Njegov život, učenja i djela izazivaju divljenje i čuđenje još i danas. U šesnaestoj godini života napisao je Kanonik medicine. U vezi s tim Ibn Sina kaže: 'Kada sam napunio dvadeset i četiri godine, mislio sam da na svijetu ne postoji znanje koje nisam usvojio'. Prenosi se da je svakoga dana pisao pedeset stranica djela «Al-Šifa» bez oslanjanja na druge izvore.» (Kešf al-asrar, str. 35)

U svojim govorima imam Homeni upozorava na opasnost zanemarivanja kulture, naučne tradicije i izvora kod muslimana i njihov konačan pad pod  zapadni utjecaj.

Ibn Sinaa je uvijek spominjao kao jasan primjer ponosa i napretka islamskog svijeta. Kao primjer možemo navesti Imamov govor održan 1979. godine na skupu učitelja i predsjednika edukacionih udruženja grada Teherana u kome je Imam istakao:

"Ovaj dio svijeta, odnosno Istok, spadao je u napredni i razvijeni dio svijeta općenito. Upravo su nas Zapadnjaci doveli u stanje u kome se sada nalazimo. Moguće je da se i danas djela Ibn Sinaa izučavaju na njihovim univerzitetima. No, mi smo odbacili ustranu ono što smo imali ne uspjevši istovremeno usvojiti to što oni imaju. (Sahifa al-Nur, vol. 9, str. 160)

Peripatetička filozofija i aristotelijanska logika poslužile su kao izvorišta zapanjujućeg razvoja islamske kulture i civilizacije. Farabi, Ibn Sina i Ibn Rušd dali su veliki doprinos svojim komentarima i objašnjenjima ove dvije filozofske tradicije.

Unatoč tome, postoji velika razlika u pojedinim pitanjima između aristotelijanske filozofije i islamske filozofije (čak i peripatetičke filozofije), o čemu Imam kaže:

" Kada su u pitanju filozofske rasprave, kada studirate aristotelijansku filozofiju koja se ima smatrati najboljom filozofskom tradicijom prije pojave islama, uočit ćete veliku razliku između nje i filozofije koja se razvila u okrilju islama. Iako je aristotelijanska fdilozofija vrijedna i, kako Ibn Sina navodi, još niko nije uspio staviti zamjerke ili pronaći propuste u njenim principima, ipak uočavamo tu golemu razliku između filozofije prije i nakon pojave islama. (Ibid, vol. 18, str. 190-191)

II. Filozofia perenis (al-hikma al-muta'aliya)

Mula Sadra je centralna figura ove filozofske tradicije koja stoji na pola puta između peripatetičke filozofije i išraqi filozofije. O filofoziji perenis, imam Homeini kaže:

"Muhamed ibn Ibrahim Širazi spada u red najvećih filozofa, utemeljitelj filozofije perenis i obnovitelj metafizičkih principa u filozofiji. Mula Sadra je prvi filozof koje je principe mebde'a i me'ada ustanovio na neprijepornim filozofskim dokazima. Fizičko proživljenje (me'ad)  dokazao je logičkim principima, pojasnio je nedoumice Ibn Sinaa u teologiji, ujedinio čisti tehvid sa filozofijom perenis. (Kešf al-asrar, str. 36)

Ovo rječito govori o stavu imama Homeinija spram filozofske tradicije, kako grčke, tako i filozofskih škola unutar islamske filozofije.

Svakako trebamo imati na umu da priznavanje filozofije kao vrijedne oblasti znanja ne znači bespogovorno prihvatanje svih mišljenja koja iznose filozofi.