#high pressure membrane filter presses

[hzfilterpress]

Trends Shaping China's Membrane Filter Plate Market

In China, trends in the membrane filter plate market are shaping up due to a growing need for bio-based medicines and stricter water cleaning rules from the government. These shifts come as businesses look for better ways to process materials without using much energy. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a big effect on this industry by changing how companies work and people live their daily lives.

With an eye on clean processing methods that save on costs, China's focus turns more towards advanced solutions like high pressure membrane filter presses. This is finding its role not just in health care but across various sectors aiming for efficiency and quality in filtration tasks.  

Understanding China's Membrane Filter Market

China's membrane filter market is seeing a rise, pushed by growing needs in bio-medicine and water clean-up. With the world facing COVID-19, this push became stronger. More than ever, ensuring water purity has caught government attention. This demand fuels growth for advanced filtration methods like high-pressure membrane filter presses. In detail, low energy costs make these systems attractive for industries needing to sift through or clear up their liquids or gases without heat damage. These filters work well across many settings – from removing tiny particles in manufacturing processes to cleaning dyes from wastewater without harming sensitive materials. The largest piece of this puzzle? Reverse osmosis technology takes the lead due to its power in demineralizing and purifying water—making it a go-to choice not just in China but globally for drinkable water solutions. However, challenges loom large. Maintaining these delicate systems can be costly and complex if not handled with care.   

Growth Drivers in Membrane Filtration Technology

Membrane filtration is key for wine and beer, making these drinks clear and stable by taking out unwanted bits. Yet, this tech faces big hurdles like strict safety rules and the challenge of membrane fouling—a buildup that spoils water or products. The COVID-19 outbreak hit this industry hard due to social distancing and lockdowns affecting operations. In 2024, the wine and beer sector leads in using membrane filter plates in China because they help keep bones strong by upping bone density which cuts down on diseases like osteoporosis. The use of plate and frame setups is growing fast as they're great for many projects thanks to their design being easy to work with, operate smoothly, and fix without a hassle.  

High Pressure Filters Reshaping the Industry

High pressure filters are changing the game in China’s membrane filter plate market, thanks to their advanced features. These plates shine because they’re built tough yet flexible and come out of CNC machining with unmatched flatness below 25µm. This precision ensures a perfect seal during pressing, eliminating leaks when feeding. They not only meet but exceed both Chinese JB/T4333.3-2005 and German DIN7129 standards, matching European and American quality levels. Filtration speed jumps by 20%, while density, strength against fatigue and aging double up compared to standard national models. Their max feed pressure hits an impressive 1.6Mpa, supporting high temperature and pressure conditions without compromising on antisepsis or airtight sealing. hzfilter steps it up with materials, offering plates made from various metals like cast iron or stainless steel, as well as PP or TPE for different needs. They handle pressures up to 3 Mpa easily, ensuring short filtering cycles that retain low moisture content in cakes. The introduction of membrane plates marks another leap forward. These marvels can squeeze solid contents precisely through additional pressurization post-filtration, improving cake solidity significantly and cutting down energy use. This kind of technological evolution presented by hzfilter points towards more effective eco-friendly solutions within industry operations showcasing how high-pressure filtration technology is indeed reshaping sector standards notably.  

Innovations in China’s Filter Press Manufacturing

In China's evolving filter press market, manufacturers like hzfilter Equipment Co., leading with innovation. They craft membrane filter plates vital for industries needing solid-liquid separation. These firms stand out by focusing on research and development to push the boundaries of what their filtration equipment can achieve. hzfilter, for instance, boasts 128 valid patents including international ones. Their work in creating new products shows a dedication not just to quality but also pushing technological limits within environmental protection sectors.  These companies illustrate how investment in technology catalyzes product improvement while catering to diverse needs from sewage treatment to industrial waste management globally. Through advanced manufacturing techniques and robust service networks spanning both domestic markets and beyond, these enterprises underscore China's position as a hub for high-performance membrane filter press production offering solutions that meet varied customer requirements efficiently.  

Environmental Policies Fueling Market Evolution

New green rules are changing how companies make stuff. In China, this means firms making membrane filter plates have to think about the environment more than before. These policies push for less pollution and waste. So, factories need better tech to clean water and air they use or release. This makes them buy new types of filters that catch tiny bad bits better than old ones did. Because these cleaner methods often cost more money up front, businesses look for efficient options that save cash over time too. This shift isn't just good news for our planet; it's also creating a big chance for makers of these advanced filters in China’s market.  

Export Expansion and Global Impact

As China ramps up its membrane filter plate exports, the global market feels the impact. This move not only boosts China's economy but also changes how other countries handle their filtration needs. With more options now available, prices have become competitive worldwide. Quality standards are pushed higher as a result of this competition, benefiting various industries from pharmaceuticals to wastewater treatment globally. Consumers and companies alike notice improvements in both cost-efficiency and performance levels of filtration products they use daily. It’s clear that through expanding export activities, China is playing a key role in shaping advancements and accessibility in the membrane filter plate industry across continents.  

Future Projections for Chinese Manufacturers

Chinese manufacturers are focusing more on automation, using robots for faster and better production. They aim to cut costs and improve safety with these advanced machines. This shift means China's factories are now filled with modern tech, not old methods. Also, they're pushing for greener ways to make things, reducing harm to our planet by cutting down waste and using clean energy like sun and wind power. Infrastructure is getting a big boost too – think smart factories powered by the latest 5G networks. And it doesn't stop there; innovation is key in staying ahead globally, making quality goods fast that meet new demands without costing the earth. The market for membrane filter plates in China shows dynamic growth, shaped by innovation and environmental needs. As firms seek cleaner operations, high-pressure membrane filters from hzfilter stand out. Offering efficient filtration with less energy use, they meet the demand for sustainable solutions. Their adaptability to diverse industries further pushes their appeal. With ongoing research and development, expect these technologies to evolve even more., addressing both current challenges and future demands This trend underscores a shift towards greener practices within sectors reliant on filtration technology.

[bestrowaterfilter]

Can an RO system help in areas with high pesticide contamination in water?

Pesticide contamination in water is a pressing environmental and health issue, especially in agricultural areas where runoff from fields can lead to pesticides infiltrating water supplies. The presence of pesticides in drinking water can pose serious health risks, including neurological issues, reproductive problems, and an increased risk of cancer. Environmental impacts are also significant, affecting aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems.

How RO Systems Work

Reverse osmosis (RO) systems offer a robust solution to this problem by using a semi-permeable membrane to remove contaminants from water. The process works by applying pressure to water on one side of the membrane, forcing it to pass through while leaving larger particles, including most pesticide molecules, behind. The pores of an RO membrane are approximately 0.0001 microns in size, which allows them to effectively remove a wide range of contaminants, from salts and minerals to larger molecules like pesticides.

The technical effectiveness of RO systems hinges on the nature of the membrane and the pressure applied. Water is pushed against the membrane at pressures sufficient to counteract osmotic pressure, which separates pure water from contaminants. This mechanism not only targets pesticide residues but also a broad spectrum of potential pollutants, making RO a comprehensive filtration solution.

Effectiveness of RO Systems Against Pesticides

RO systems are particularly adept at removing those pesticides that have larger molecular sizes and specific chemical properties that make them susceptible to membrane filtration. Studies and statistical data have consistently shown that RO can effectively reduce the concentration of various pesticides, including those that are notoriously hard to eliminate through other means. For instance, research indicates that RO systems can remove up to 99% of common pesticides such as atrazine and glyphosate, which are frequently found in agricultural runoff.

Comparing RO with Other Filtration Methods

When considering filtration technologies for removing pesticides, Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems are often compared with other methods like activated carbon filtration and distillation. Each method has its strengths and limitations in terms of effectiveness, cost, and practicality for pesticide removal.

RO systems are highly effective at removing a wide range of contaminants, including pesticides, due to their fine membrane filtration process. This system can typically remove up to 99% of dissolved pesticides, making it one of the most reliable methods for areas with heavy contamination.

Activated carbon filters are good at adsorbing organic chemicals, including some pesticides, from water. However, their effectiveness depends heavily on the flow rate and the nature of the specific pesticide. Some pesticides are not attracted to carbon and thus are not effectively removed, which can be a significant limitation.

Distillation, involving the boiling of water and then condensing the steam back into liquid, is highly effective at removing a variety of impurities, including pesticides. However, distillation is energy-intensive, typically slower, and not practical for large volumes of water. It's more suited for small-scale residential use or situations where other filtration methods are not available.

Installation and Maintenance

Installing an RO system typically involves setting up the filtration unit under the sink or at a point-of-entry location for whole-house systems. The installation process includes connecting the system to the water supply, setting up the drain line, and installing the faucet for RO water. It's important to follow manufacturer instructions closely or consider professional installation to ensure optimal system performance.

Maintenance of RO systems is crucial, especially in areas with high pesticide contamination. Regular maintenance tasks include changing pre-filters and post-filters according to the manufacturer's schedule, usually every 6 to 12 months, and replacing the RO membrane every 2 to 3 years. Monitoring the system's water pressure and flow rate can also help detect issues early. In areas with high sediment or pesticide levels, more frequent checks and replacements might be necessary to maintain efficiency and effectiveness.

Conclusion

RO systems offer a highly effective and reliable solution for removing pesticides from drinking water, providing an essential service in regions affected by agricultural runoff and other sources of contamination. The technology not only ensures the safety and cleanliness of drinking water but also contributes to the overall health and well-being of communities. Investing in an RO system can significantly mitigate the risks associated with pesticide contamination, underscoring the importance of clean drinking water as a fundamental human need.

[ro-plant]

The Ultimate Guide to RO Plants: Insights from Leading Manufacturer RightWaterSystem

In an era where water scarcity and contamination are pressing global issues, ensuring access to clean, safe drinking water has never been more crucial. One of the most effective solutions to this challenge is the use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants. As a leading RO plant manufacturer, RightWaterSystem is committed to providing high-quality, reliable water purification systems. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the workings of RO plants, their benefits, and why RightWaterSystem stands out in the industry.

What is an RO Plant?

An RO plant is a water purification system that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. By applying pressure to the water, the RO membrane filters out contaminants, resulting in clean, potable water. This technology is widely used for both residential and industrial applications, offering a highly efficient solution to water purification needs.

How Does an RO Plant Work?

The process of reverse osmosis involves several stages:

Pre-filtration: This stage involves the removal of larger particles such as sediment and chlorine, which can damage the RO membrane.

Reverse Osmosis: The heart of the system, where water is forced through the semi-permeable membrane, leaving contaminants behind.

Post-filtration: The final stage where any remaining impurities are removed, often using activated carbon filters to improve taste and odor.

Storage: Clean water is stored in a tank, ready for use.

Benefits of RO Plants

High-Quality Water: RO systems remove up to 99% of contaminants, including dissolved salts, bacteria, and viruses, providing safe drinking water.

Cost-Effective: Investing in an RO plant can reduce the need for bottled water, saving money in the long run.

Environmental Benefits: By reducing the reliance on bottled water, RO plants help decrease plastic waste.

Versatility: Suitable for various applications, from household use to large-scale industrial processes.

Why Choose RightWaterSystem?

As a premier RO plant manufacturer, RightWaterSystem offers several advantages:

Innovative Technology: We leverage the latest advancements in water purification technology to ensure maximum efficiency and reliability.

Custom Solutions: RightWaterSystem provides tailored solutions to meet specific needs, whether for residential, commercial, or industrial applications.

Quality Assurance: Our products undergo rigorous testing and quality control to ensure they meet the highest standards.

Expert Support: Our team of experts is available to provide ongoing support and maintenance, ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of your RO system.

Sustainability Commitment: RightWaterSystem is dedicated to promoting sustainable water management practices, helping to conserve resources and protect the environment.

Our Product Range

RightWaterSystem offers a diverse range of RO plants, each designed to meet specific needs:

Residential RO Systems: Compact and efficient units ideal for home use, ensuring your family has access to clean, safe drinking water.

Commercial RO Systems: Robust solutions for businesses, providing high volumes of purified water for various applications.

Industrial RO Plants: Large-scale systems designed to handle the demanding needs of industrial processes, from manufacturing to food processing.

Conclusion

In a world where clean water is becoming increasingly scarce, investing in a reliable RO plant is a wise decision. With RightWaterSystem, you can trust that you are getting top-quality products backed by expert support and a commitment to sustainability. Explore our range of RO plants today and take the first step towards ensuring a consistent supply of pure, safe water.

For more information, visit our website or contact our team to discuss your specific water purification needs. Let RightWaterSystem be your partner in achieving clean water solutions.

[busbarmachine001]

Where is the bronze medal bus bending machine?

Switching and buttons are the most common electrical components in the busbar machine. They are responsible for converting the operating instructions of the operator into the electrical signal to the control system. They are not difficult to check whether the switch and the buttons are good. You can use measuring instruments such as a universal meter to judge. Some parent wire controller uses a film button. For these buttons, you can also use a multimeter to measure. The film button generally has a plug. When you need to measure, you can first pull out the plug, and then the long press button can be measured. This type of electrical failure is the most common. Users should master certain electrical knowledge. When encountering such problems In this case, pay attention not to be too hard when pressing the button, let alone use tools such as hard utensils such as screwdriver, and notify the maintenance personnel in time when the button is loose or strange.

The bus tank uses air to conduct heat dissipation, and through the close contact metal shell, the heat is distributed. Therefore, its heat dissipation performance is generally visible compared to the cable compared to the cable. Where is the bronze medal bus bending machine?

The process process of CNC bending machine molds is generally forging --- ignition --- coarse milling --- coarse planing --- heat treatment --- coarse grinding --- refined magnetic treatment --- try Model --- Inspection --- Packaging into the warehouse.

Where is the advantages of the liquid pressure pump of the bronze curve bending machine? The hydraulic pumping pump; the hydraulic pump valve uses a high -quality brand of Taiwan, and it has automatic filtering and automatic refueling. For the three pumps, according to the user's frequency and ambient temperature, the automatic temperature control is freely selected. Cooling. Those who are not equipped with a cooler are equipped with a fan to ventilate the inside of the equipment.

The water and air in the oil are the main conditions for oxidation of oil oxidation, and the metal particles in the oil plays an important catalytic effect on the oxidation of the oil. The intensity of the auxiliary oil membrane reduces the lubrication performance. Copper punching mold

It requires many types of functional components to form a parent wire machine. They each play a different role in the parent machine. The conventional parent line machine mainly has the composition Applications and demand configurations are also different. Where is the bronze medal bus bending machine?

The equipment movement of the bus processing machine should be kept clean, and the oil is given several times a day to ensure the normal work of each unit. Check the tube of the oil level before turning on the power. If you have abnormalities, please work in time.

[industrialroplant]

RO Plant Manufacturers In Delhi NCR

RO Plant Manufacturers in Delhi NCR: Ensuring Clean and Safe Water for All"

Introduction

Access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, and in the bustling Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), it's a pressing concern. With growing urbanization, industrialization, and population, the demand for clean water has never been higher. RO (Reverse Osmosis) plants have emerged as essential tools in the quest to ensure that every drop of water that reaches our homes and businesses is free from contaminants. In this blog, we will explore the significance of RO plants and the role played by RO plant manufacturers in the Delhi NCR region in meeting this critical need.

The Importance of Clean Water

Clean water is a basic necessity, and its importance cannot be overstated. It's not just about quenching our thirst; it's about safeguarding our health and well-being. Access to clean water is vital in preventing waterborne diseases, promoting sanitation, and supporting overall community development.

Challenges in Delhi NCR

Delhi NCR, with its burgeoning population and rapid urbanization, faces unique challenges in ensuring access to clean water. These challenges include:

Pollution: The region grapples with air and water pollution, which significantly impacts the quality of water sources.

Depleting Groundwater: Over-extraction of groundwater resources is leading to the intrusion of contaminants, making groundwater less safe for consumption.

Population Density: The high population density of the NCR region places immense pressure on existing water resources, demanding efficient water purification methods.

RO Plants: A Solution to Water Woes

RO plants have become indispensable in addressing the water quality challenges in Delhi NCR. These advanced systems utilize the process of reverse osmosis to remove impurities, contaminants, and pollutants from water, making it safe for drinking, cooking, and industrial use.

Role of RO Plant Manufacturers in Delhi NCR

RO plant manufacturers in the Delhi NCR region play a crucial role in providing the community with access to clean water. Let's delve deeper into their contributions:

Customized Solutions: RO plant manufacturers understand the unique water treatment needs of the region. They offer customized solutions that take into account the specific challenges and water sources, ensuring the most effective water purification.

Cutting-Edge Technology: These manufacturers invest in state-of-the-art technology, which allows for efficient and reliable water purification. This commitment to technological advancement helps in meeting the ever-evolving water quality standards.

Local Presence: Having manufacturers within the region means quicker response times, maintenance services, and access to spare parts when needed. This is crucial for ensuring the continuous operation of RO plants.

Quality Assurance: Leading manufacturers prioritize quality and adhere to stringent standards. This commitment to quality ensures that the RO plants they provide deliver consistent and safe drinking water.

Economic and Environmental Benefits: Local manufacturing can also bring economic benefits to the region by creating jobs and contributing to the local economy. Additionally, the use of advanced RO technology minimizes water wastage, making it an environmentally responsible choice.

The Journey of Water through an RO Plant

To understand the significance of RO plants in Delhi NCR, let's take a look at the journey of water through these purification systems:

Pre-Treatment: The process begins with pre-treatment, where raw water is first filtered to remove large particles and sediments. This step prevents clogging of the RO membrane.

Reverse Osmosis: The heart of the RO plant lies in the reverse osmosis process. High-pressure pumps force water through a semi-permeable membrane, which removes dissolved salts, minerals, and impurities, leaving behind clean, purified water.

Post-Treatment: After the RO process, the water undergoes post-treatment to adjust its pH and mineral content, ensuring that it's safe for consumption.

Storage and Distribution: Purified water is stored in tanks and then distributed to homes, businesses, and industries through a network of pipes.

Benefits of RO Plants in Delhi NCR

The deployment of RO plants in Delhi NCR yields a multitude of benefits, contributing to the well-being of the region:

Healthier Communities: Access to clean water is directly linked to better health outcomes, reducing the risk of waterborne diseases.

Environmental Sustainability: RO technology minimizes water wastage, making it an eco-friendly choice, which is crucial for a region facing water scarcity.

Industrial Growth: Reliable access to clean water is essential for industrial processes and contributes to the growth of businesses and industries in the region.

Improved Quality of Life: The presence of RO plants enhances the quality of life for residents by providing clean water for cooking, drinking, and sanitation.

Reduction in Healthcare Costs: A decrease in waterborne diseases results in lower healthcare costs and a healthier workforce.

Challenges in RO Plant Implementation

While RO plants offer a viable solution to water quality challenges in Delhi NCR, their successful implementation is not without challenges:

Initial Investment: Setting up RO plants requires a significant initial investment in equipment and infrastructure.

Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the efficient and continuous operation of RO plants.

Energy Consumption: RO plants consume energy, and optimizing their energy efficiency is a consideration.

Sustainability: Ensuring the sustainability of water sources and the responsible disposal of waste from the RO process is an ongoing concern.

Conclusion

Access to clean water is a fundamental right, and it's imperative to address the water quality challenges faced by the Delhi NCR region. RO plants and the manufacturers who produce them are essential in this endeavor. With their commitment to quality, advanced technology, and customized solutions, they are at the forefront of ensuring that every drop of water reaching our homes and businesses is safe and clean. By overcoming the challenges and working collectively, we can ensure a brighter, healthier future for the residents of Delhi NCR, where access to clean and safe water is a given, not a privilege.

[waterfiltergurus]

Why is My Reverse Osmosis Tank Not Filling Up?

Reverse osmosis tank not filling with water? In this guide, we've answered the question: "Why is my reverse osmosis tank not filling up with water?" Read on to learn the 4 most common reasons why the water tank in your reverse osmosis system might not be filling up. 📌 Key Takeaways: - On average, an RO pressure tank should take 2-4 hours to fill completely. - Some of the reasons why your reverse osmosis tank might be filling slowly or not at all are a pressure imbalance in the tank, clogged RO membrane/filters, low incoming water pressure, and excessive water usage. - You can resolve these issues by repressurizing the RO tank, changing the membrane/filters, installing a booster pump upstream of the RO system and using less water/upgrading to a higher-capacity system. 🤔 Why Is My Reverse Osmosis Tank Not Filling Up? 4 Causes & Solutions Here are some of the problems that might be affecting water flow into your RO storage tank, and how to resolve them: 1) Tank Pressure Is Too Low/Too High The main culprit behind a water flow issue in an RO system is a problem with the water storage tank pressure. When empty, your reverse osmosis tank should have a pressure of 8 pounds per square inch (PSI). A pressure imbalance either way can cause water filling issues: - If the pressure in the tank is too high, the tank shut-off valve will close. In normal circumstances, this would prevent the tank from overfilling and leaking back into the RO system. However, if the tank pressure is already too high before it starts filling, the shut-off valve will block water from entering the tank even if it's empty. - If the pressure inside the tank is too low, there won't be enough pressure to send water out of the tank, through your cold water pipe, and out of the reverse osmosis faucet. You might think that the tank isn't filling, but actually, the tank is full - you simply can't access the water. You can check the pressure of your RO storage tank yourself. Just switch off the water supply valve upstream of the reverse osmosis system, then drain the tank until it's empty of all water. Use a pressure gauge to measure the water pressure. ✅ How To Resolve: What can you do if the pressure in your reverse osmosis tank is incorrect? - If the pressure is too high, you can relieve some of the pressure by draining the water (if you haven't already) then gently pressing the Schroeder valve (which is a bit like a bicycle tire valve) on the tank. This will release excess air. You might want to place a bucket under the tank in case any leftover water leaks out too. - If the pressure is too low, use a bicycle pump to increase it. Again, make sure the water is drained out of the tank first. Continue to add air into the tank, stopping periodically to take a pressure reading, until the pressure reaches 8 PSI. Check your user manual to confirm that this is the correct tank pressure for your reverse osmosis system. 2) Clogged RO Membrane Or Filters Clogged filters or a clogged reverse osmosis membrane are two other very common causes of a reverse osmosis storage tank that won't fill. Clogged filters/RO membranes restrict water flow into the RO tank because they reduce the rate at which the water can be filtered. Contaminants build up gradually in the RO membrane and filter stages, blocking their pores and limiting the volume of water that can filter through. This is a normal outcome of using the filters in your RO system for an extended period, although your RO filters may become clogged at a faster rate due to iron fouling or hard water scaling, or simply if your water's TDS concentration is high. ✅ How To Resolve: The easiest way to resolve a water flow issue caused by clogged filters/membranes in your reverse osmosis system is to replace the old filters as and when needed. Check your user manual to see exactly when your filters should be changed. For under-sink reverse osmosis systems, the general lifespans for filters are: - Sediment pre-filter: 6-9 months - Carbon pre-filter: 9-12 months - Semipermeable membrane: 24 months - Carbon post-filter: 12 months To change your filters, turn off the water supply valve and open the RO faucet to relieve pressure. Remove the old filters and click or twist the new filters in place. Switch the water supply valve back on, then wait up to 3 hours for the storage tank to fill. Open your reverse osmosis faucet and check for water. If you get a steady flow of water from the RO system, the issue should have been fixed. 3) Low Incoming Water Pressure Even if your reverse osmosis system and tank are working properly, low pressure from your incoming water supply line might be the reason why the pressure tank can't fill. If your home's water pressure is too low, there won't be enough force to send water quickly through the RO filters and membrane. As a result, the system will run less efficiently and more water will be wasted, causing the tank to fill very slowly - if at all. Most RO systems operate with an ideal water pressure of 60 PSI. At the very least, your water pressure should be 40 PSI - any lower and you may experience the problems outlined above. ✅ How To Resolve: Consult your user manual to see what your water pressure should be for your reverse osmosis system, then use a pressure gauge to measure the pressure in the water supply line leading to the system. If your water pressure is too low, you'll need to buy and install a booster pump upstream of the RO system. Confused about a low pressure reading? If your POE water pressure seems fine but there's a significant pressure drop before your RO system, check that the water supply valve upstream of the unit is fully open. If not, it'll restrict water flow to the system, reducing your water pressure. This is an easy fix: just open the valve fully to allow water to flow freely through. 4) Excessive Water Usage Using too much water - more than your RO system is designed to handle - will give the impression that your reverse osmosis pressure tank isn't filling. Tank-based reverse osmosis systems work by slowly filtering water and sending it into the purified water tank. If you use water faster than the rate at which the tank can be filled, it'll seem like the tank isn't filling. This won't be a problem for most people. In normal circumstances, you'll probably only turn your faucet on occasionally to fill a glass - or, at most, a jug - of water. However, if you have a reason to use large volumes of water in one go from your kitchen faucet, the rate of water leaving the tank could exceed the volume of water refilling the tank, causing it to run dry. ✅ How To Resolve: There are two simple ways to resolve a filling issue with your RO storage tank that's caused by excessive water usage: - Use less water, or space out your water usage to avoid overwhelming the system - Upgrade to a larger system with a bigger tank and a faster flow rate, which can handle your water demands The second option is the costlier one, so when possible, it's best to assess your current water usage habits and see if you can reduce or alter your intake. If you need a lot of cold water for non-drinking purposes, make sure to take it from your regular faucet, not the RO faucet. That means you can save your RO filtered water for drinking water only. 📥 What is a Reverse Osmosis Tank? Now you know the answer to your question, you might want a quick refresher on what a reverse osmosis tank is, and the purpose that it serves. A reverse osmosis tank is a pressurized tank that stores water that has been purified by a reverse osmosis system. The tank sits downstream of the RO filtration cartridges and collects water until it's full, giving you access to purified water whenever you switch on your faucet. The purpose of a reverse osmosis storage tank is to make sure you can enjoy RO water on demand, without having to wait around every time you open the RO faucet. RO purification is a slow process due to the resistance of the multiple filtration stages. By collecting water in a pressurized tank in advance, a tank-based RO system enables you to access the water immediately whenever needed. You can find reverse osmosis tanks in various sizes and capacities, depending on the intended install location for the system. The larger the system and the more fixtures it's intended to serve, the bigger the tank. Most RO systems are under-sink units, so they have relatively small 2-4-gallon water tanks. 🔎 How Should a Reverse Osmosis Tank Work? To understand why a reverse osmosis tank might not fill up as it should, it's helpful to know how an RO tank should work under proper operating conditions. An RO tank contains pressurized air, which enables it to deliver water to your faucet, eliminating the need for a separate booster pump. There are two chambers in an RO tank: an air chamber and a water chamber. As water flows into the tank, it causes the air to become compressed. This air pressure is what ultimately forces water out of the tank and through your pipes when you switch on a faucet. The fuller the tank, the higher the air pressure. The tank will stop filling automatically once it reaches full capacity. Then, when you turn on a faucet and use some of the water from the tank, the water level will drop and the RO system will continue to filter water until it refills. 🚰 How Long Does a Reverse Osmosis Storage Tank Take to Fill? In normal working circumstances, with the right water pressure and a properly functioning reverse osmosis membrane, a reverse osmosis tank should fill to capacity within 2-4 hours. There are a few factors that affect an RO water tank fill time, including: - The tank size. The larger the tank, the more water will be required to fill it to capacity, and the longer it'll take. - The filter/reverse osmosis membrane age. Older filters that are clogged with contaminants will filter water more slowly, reducing the speed of the tank filling. - Your water pressure. The higher the pressure in your incoming water line, the quicker water will flow through the RO system, and the faster the tank will refill. - System age & efficiency. Many older RO units simply aren't designed to filter water as efficiently. Newer, more efficient systems will filter water - and therefore fill the RO tank - at a faster rate. - Membrane pore size - Different RO membranes have different pore size. The smaller the membrane pore size, the more resistance during filtration, and the longer the process will take. This affects the speed of the tank filling. - System component size. The size of the components in an RO system may affect the tank refill speed. Some systems are higher-capacity and can filter larger volumes of water, with faster tank fill times. If you're unsure how quickly your reverse osmosis storage tank should be filling, check you user manual or contact the manufacturer for this information. 📑 Final Word It's not ideal if your reverse osmosis water tank isn't filling - but luckily, this problem is usually easy to resolve. Follow the guidance in this article to fix a water flow issue in your RO tank. If none of these possible issues apply to your situation, it could be that the tank is broken and is unable to hold pressurized air. In that case, the cheapest solution is usually to replace the tank. Got more questions about reverse osmosis tanks? Check out the FAQs below. More Readings: - How to Safely Sanitize a Reverse Osmosis System - Understanding Reverse Osmosis Waste Water - Top 4 Tankless Reverse Osmosis Systems ❔ FAQ: Why is my RO tank not refilling? The most common reasons why your RO storage tank isn't refilling are a pressure imbalance in the tank, clogged RO membrane/filters, low water pressure, and excessive water usage. Should reverse osmosis tank be full? Yes, your reverse osmosis storage tank should be full, or close to full, throughout the day. A reverse osmosis tank works to refill itself when the water pressure in the tank drops (which happens when you use some of the water). The pressurized air chamber in the tank sends water from the tank to your faucet, and as the tank empties, the RO system continues to filter water to make up for the pressure loss. Why is my reverse osmosis not working after changing filters? If your RO system isn't working after changing the filters, you might have installed a filter incorrectly, or there could be an air lock inside the system. Another possible cause is that you forgot to turn your water supply valve back on, so water isn't entering the system. Why is my reverse osmosis system not producing water? Reverse osmosis systems might not produce water if there's a water flow issue into the storage tank. Check to see if the filters or RO membrane need replacing, measure your tank pressure with a pressure gauge to ensure it's adequate, and adjust the pressure if necessary. Should the RO tank have water in it? Yes, the RO pressurized holding tank should always contain water. If the tank contains no water, it's likely that there's an issue with the flow of water through the system that needs to be addressed. Read the full article

[yiyi11112]

Stainless steel filter plate

https://www.dezefiltration.com

Stainless steel filter plates are essential components used in various industrial filtration processes. They are commonly used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and water treatment.

Stainless steel is a popular choice for filter plates due to its corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and durability. It can withstand harsh operating conditions, including high temperatures and pressures, and is resistant to chemicals and solvents. Stainless steel filter plates are also easy to clean and maintain, providing long-term reliability and cost-effectiveness.

The design of a stainless steel filter plate consists of a solid metal plate with multiple filtration chambers or channels. These channels are connected to an inlet and outlet, allowing the flow of the liquid to be filtered. The size and number of chambers can vary depending on the specific application and required filtration capacity.

The filtration process starts by introducing the liquid or slurry to be filtered into the filtration chamber. The liquid passes through the filter medium, which is typically a filter cloth or mesh, while the solid particles or impurities are retained on the surface of the filter medium. The filtered liquid then exits through the outlet, leaving behind the filtered solids on the filter cloth.

In plate and frame filtration, the filter plates are stacked together with filter cloths in between, creating a series of chambers for filtration. The liquid passes through the filter cloth and is collected in a collection tray or tank. Filter press filtration is similar to plate and frame filtration, but with the addition of hydraulic pressure applied to the filter plates to enhance the filtration process. Membrane filtration involves the use of a thin membrane on the filter plate to achieve higher filtration efficiency and higher solids retention.

Stainless steel filter plates are available in different sizes and configurations to accommodate different filtration requirements. They can range from small laboratory-scale plates to large industrial plates. The choice of size and configuration depends on factors such as the volume of liquid to be filtered, the desired filtration rate, and the characteristics of the liquid to be filtered.

[elenoxsteel]

Press Plate Supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Press Plate Supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Elenox Steel Provides Architectural Applications As Well As The Finest Stainless Steel Sheets. In the most advanced manufacturing facility, we carry out the etching process on the surface of stainless steel sheets. Etching is the process of engraving, scratching, and creating fine lines and grooves on the surface of stainless steel sheets. Elenox Is Known For His Specially Designed Stainless Steel Sheets With Innovative And Unique Designs. We also design stainless steel sheets based on the needs of the customer. Our large warehouse has all of the amenities needed for the products to be properly stored. Our professional team also ensures that our warehouse system runs smoothly. Customers in Ahmedabad, India, and other markets are encouraged to contact us. Advantages of Recessed Filter Plates: • Filtration pressures of up to 50 bar • Detachable Membrane • Suitable for high filtration temperatures • Robust design with reinforced edges. We Provide Press Plate Supplier in Ahmedabad, Gujarat with other cities such as Kathwada, Kalol, Kadi, Vatva, Naroda, Singarva, Odhav, Rakhial, Sanand, Vani, Daskroi, Chhatral, Narol, Dhandhuka, Dholka, Kadi, Kalol, Kerala, Asarva, Bakrol, Bodakdev, Ankleshwar, Gandhinagar, Bhavnagar, Patan, Porbandar, Kutch, Vapi, Bharuch, Dahod, Amreli, Navsari, Kheda, Panchmahal, Sabarkantha, Surendranagar, Mehsana, Morbi, Gir Somnath, Palanpur. Read the full article

[wokinget]

What is filter press china 

The entire filtration cycle is significantly shortened by high efficiency diaphragm filters using low pressure filtration and secondary high pressure press, increasing productivity;

The maximum filtration pressure can be up to 2.5Mp, which significantly lowers moisture content, reduces drying costs, and increases yield;

Diaphragm pressing function, which speeds up this process and reduces power consumption;

Diaphragm filter plates are generally suited for all solid-liquid separation operations due to their anti-fatigue, anti-aging, high sealing performance, anti-corrosion ability, etc.

Reduces the need for human labor by having sophisticated man-machine interface control and PLC program control.

Including the thickener and all other required plant ancillaries, such as the feeding pump, compressors, conveyor, and even special chemical-resistant paint, we are able to supply the entirefilter press china. Every piece of equipment we offer is designed to increase your production over time.

using high-quality steel that is welded to create a construction with standards of structural stability and long service life that is corrosion resistant; Filter plates are produced using a unique, patented high pressure molding process using high polymer PP.

The benefits include being lightweight, resistant to corrosion, acid and base resistance, virulent and tasteless, etc.; Power plant pressure and removal use Taiwanese technology, specifically electrohydraulic integration, a renowned brand of component with dependable, long-lasting service;high-quality production methods and tools. It is easy to use and safe to use. A excellent solid-liquid separation device that is easy to use.

We have a skilled and knowledgeable engineering and technical team. The company currently holds a number of independent R&D patents, and its services and products are available throughout all of filter press China provinces and cities. 

The membrane filter plates are the primary reason for the name of the membrane filter press. Its plates feature two types of filter plates: the chamber plate and the membrane filter plate, unlike the chamber filter press. 

The membrane filter press is hollow and features a three-layer, "sandwich"-style structure. The filter cakes will initially be created under the feed pressure of the filter press pump, and then high-pressure water or compressed air will be forced into the interior of the membrane plates. 

The filter cake can be squeezed even more since the membrane will swell because the inner pressure of the membrane plate is higher than the filtering pressure. Because of this, the membrane filter press performs better in terms of filtering.

It is appropriate for materials with fine particles and viscous materials in addition to having a great filtering function. For users with higher moisture needs, such as those in the mining concentrate, biological sludge, fine chemicals, etc., it may also be advised.

[hzfilterpress]

Introduction to high-pressure membrane filter press

The high-pressure membrane filter press is an intermittent pressurized filtration equipment, used for filtration of various media, with good filtration effect and low moisture content of the filter cake. The high-pressure membrane filter press adopts a building block structure. Each part has a reasonable structure and simple connection. It can be used in different combinations to meet the requirements of different users. The whole machine has the characteristics of high degree of automation, large production capacity, the ability to operate under high pressure, low liquid content of filter cake, high unit output, and small floor space: its use effect is comparable to that of imported filter presses.

1.filter effect

As a solid-liquid separation equipment in sewage treatment, filter press has a high usage rate. In most cases, ordinary chamber filter press can meet the demand. But there is another situation where a high-pressure membrane filter press can be used when the moisture content of the mud cake is high. Compared with ordinary chamber filter presses, high-pressure membrane filter presses are resistant to high pressure and have higher dehydration rates. The mud cake produced after filtration by ordinary chamber filter press is much drier. The moisture content of the filter cake after filtration is generally around 60%-65% (sometimes it can reach 40-45% depending on the industry and process).

2.working principle

With the assistance of the feed pump, the filter press inputs the filtered material into the filter chamber of the filter press, and then passes through the filter cloth outside the filter chamber (generally the filter cloth can only allow liquid and very small solid particles to pass). It seeps out, and the solids are intercepted on the filter cloth, thus completing the filtration effect of a general filter press.

The characteristic of the membrane filter press is that it can perform secondary pressing to further reduce the moisture content of the filter cake. Compared with the chamber filter press, the difference is that the diaphragm filter plates and the chamber filter plates with the same appearance are staggered to form filter chambers. When the material is filtered and pressed in the first stage, a fixed pressure is injected into the diaphragm filter plate cavity. The gas (or liquid) causes the diaphragm plate to bulge and squeeze the filter cake in reverse direction to reduce the moisture content of the filter cake. High-pressure air passes through the filter cake to squeeze out and separate the capillary water, structural water and other moisture in the filter cake.

If you choose water pressure for secondary pressing, the diaphragm filter press needs to be equipped with two pumps to work, one is a feed pump and the other is a press pump. The feed pump of the diaphragm filter press is normally equipped with a pump, and the secondary press pump can use a water pump ( Multi-stage centrifugal pump) for squeezing, the use of water pump requires a water tank at the same time. If you choose air pressure, the feed pump is normally equipped. An air compressor can be used instead of a water pump for secondary pressing. If air pressure is used, a water tank is not required.

3.Structural features of membrane filter press:

The diaphragm filter press is composed of a diaphragm plate and a chamber filter plate arranged to form a filter chamber. Under the pressure of the feeding pump, the slurry is input into the filter chamber, and the solids and liquids in the slurry are separated through the filter medium (filter cloth). After the solids in the slurry form a cake, air is introduced into the membrane to fully squeeze the solids in the filter chamber and reduce the moisture content. For users who filter viscous materials and have higher requirements for moisture content, this machine has its own unique characteristics.

The same as the conventional configuration, automatic turning plates, automatic water flushing, conveyors, mud storage hoppers and other devices can be added according to needs.

The filter plate of the membrane filter press is composed of a chamber filter plate and a membrane filter plate arranged at intervals. The diaphragm plate of the diaphragm filter press is equipped with an air pipe device for the secondary pressing function. welcome send your inquiry！

[wasserfilterberlin]

A Complete Guide To Water Filter Coffee Machine

Make your morning cup of coffee taste better than it has before with Kaffeemaschinenfilter! The water filter removes chlorine and other impurities from tap water, making it safe to drink. You can choose between 3 different types of filters – carbon, ceramic, or silver.

What’s Coffee Machine Filter?

The water filter coffee machine uses reverse osmosis technology and an NFP Premium water cartridge to remove impurities from tap water. Reverse osmosis purifies water by forcing it through a membrane at high pressure. The result is purer-tasting, healthier drinking water.

This water filter coffee machine uses a unique process to remove impurities from tap water. The result is pure, delicious coffee that tastes just like it was made with fresh ground beans. It removes chlorine, leads, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron, manganese, and fluoride from the water before pouring it into your coffee mug.

A Wasserfilter Kaffeemaschine works by passing water through a special membrane that blocks contaminants while letting clean water pass through. The membrane sits inside a chamber that contains a strong electrical current. When water passes through the membrane, it picks up electrons from the electrical current and becomes positively charged.

As the water flows through the chamber, the positive charge attracts negatively charged particles in the water. Once the water reaches the end of the chamber, the negative charges pull the contaminants back towards the membrane where they become trapped. Then the NFP Premium cartridge pushes the filtered water on its way to a coffee mug.

Benefits Of Using A Water Filter Coffee Machine

The Kaffeemaschinenfilter will make your morning routine easier than ever! With its easy-to-use touch screen control panel and automatic cleaning cycle, it makes brewing delicious coffee as simple as pressing a button. The built-in water tank holds up to 1.5 litres of filtered water, which can be refilled easily using the included tap adapter.

The first benefit of using a Wasserfilter Kaffeemaschine is that it removes chlorine and other chemicals from the regular water and makes your everyday beverage safer and tastier to drink. These chemicals can cause stomach problems and are linked to cancer. Another benefit is that it filters out the heavy metals that may have been added to your coffee and hamper your health.

The water filter coffee maker uses an advanced filtration system and NPF Premium cartridge to remove chlorine, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and more from tap water. This means that it can be used anywhere in the world without fear of contamination or health risks. It removes up to 99% of contaminants from tap water.

Source : https://wasserfilterberlin.tumblr.com/post/696099522254929920/a-brief-scientific-analysis-of-carbonit

[watermanaustralia]

All about Zero Liquid Discharge System (ZLD System)

A Zero Liquid Discharge System is a treatment process for wastewater that is not discharged to the environment. Instead, the unit produces solid waste and treats it. As a result, the treated effluent is not discharged into the environment. It also maintains a Zero Liquid Discharge. The environmental impact and cost of using a Zero Liquid Discharge System are just some of the benefits of this system.

Water Recovery

A Zero Liquid Discharge System (ZLD) is an engineering approach to wastewater treatment that recovers all the water from a facility. Zero liquid discharge systems also reduce contaminants to solid waste. Various types of ZLD systems are available. The best solution depends on the wastewater composition, the streams to be treated, and operating costs and footprint availability. Listed below are the advantages of zero liquid discharge systems. ZLD systems are based on membrane technology. Membranes can separate a variety of complex fluid mixtures and can recycle solvents. These systems often result in zero liquid discharge and are more costly. This is because these systems use a complex process to separate non-volatile Solutes from their solvents. The liquid is then filtered to recover the solute and remove all contaminants. The Zero Liquid Discharge System allows for the recycling of wastewater in many industries. Zero Liquid Discharge systems recover as much water as possible for reuse and recycle it as a valuable byproduct. In addition to recovering water, Zero Liquid Discharge systems also minimize the environmental footprint associated with wastewater disposal. It is also an excellent way to reduce operating costs. Zero Liquid Discharge systems are especially popular in countries where the environment is strictly enforced. During the water recycling process, the resulting concentrated liquid is pumped back into the process. The water is then dewatered using an evaporator. This dewatered liquid is then pumped into a filter press, which traps solids and keeps the heated tank clean. After the press, the resulting liquid is pumped to a large hopper, where it is reused. 

Solid Waste Production

Zero liquid discharge is highly efficient means of wastewater treatment, but it has numerous factors also to check. It requires large capital investments and operating costs and generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, it leaves behind a dry sludge that contains a high concentration of hazardous chemicals and heavy metals. This waste treatment method requires a high level of engineering expertise and careful planning to reach zero discharges. Listed below are the factors to look in for zero liquid discharge. To produce zero liquid discharge, the first step in the treatment process is to utilize membrane technology and ultra-filtration. The goal of pre-treatment is to separate the clean water from the polluted water. This separation results in a concentrate. This concentrate is then treated further, filtered, and enters a brine concentrator. This equipment uses heat and vapor compression to evaporate the brine solution. The remaining waste is then converted into solid waste by a crystallizer. The high-pressure steam used in the crystallizer aids in the formation of solid waste. While a ZLD process can be beneficial for some applications. It requires additional equipment, chemicals, and sludge disposal. The downsides of a ZLD system include a high installation and operational cost. For example, if you have a small-scale production plant, the ZLD process is not cost-effective. Nonetheless, it allows the use of cheaper alloys for major process equipment. Zero liquid discharge is becoming a mainstream technology in the manufacturing industry. Increasing public awareness and tighter environmental regulations are forcing manufacturers to adopt the technology. Zero liquid discharge is a valuable waste reduction technique, and Samsco Corporation has the necessary experience and equipment to implement it. So, it is time to get started on zero liquid discharge. If you'd like to make a difference in your environmental impact, adopting this technology can help you save money.

Environmental Impact of Zero Liquid Discharge System

Developing a Zero Liquid Discharge System (ZLDS) requires careful planning and analysis. There is no "one-size-fits-all" solution, as each site has its own unique set of factors. The optimal system is site-specific, taking into account the type and composition of waste water, different streams to be treated, operating costs and available footprint. Here are some points to keep in mind when planning a zero liquid discharge system. In developing a zero liquid discharge system, waste water is treated and recycled within the system. The treated water is then released into the environment by means of heat and crystalizers. The zero liquid discharge process has been used in the power industry for nearly 50 years, and the U.S., Australia, China, India are leading markets for this technology. As wastewater treatment costs continue to rise, zero liquid discharge can help companies reduce their water costs and avoid adverse environmental impacts associated with wastewater discharge. Although ZLD is a very efficient way to treat wastewater, there are some unintended consequences of this technology. The wastewater treatment process requires large amounts of energy and produces a significant amount of Green House Gas (GHG). ZLD technology can be particularly energy-efficient if the system is powered by renewable energy sources. Further, ZLD systems can be a good fit for large-scale chemical production plants. The process for achieving a Zero Liquid Discharge System involves pretreatment, concentration, and thermal treatment. During this process, wastewater is processed using membrane technologies such as electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. After the evaporation stage, dissolved solids precipitate as crystals, and these are removed from the waste water through a filter press or centrifuge. Reuse of condensate water is another way to use waste water.

Cost of ZLD Technology

The Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process is a relatively new method of water treatment that uses only water to produce electricity. This technology is a relatively high-tech and capital-intensive alternative to traditional FGD treatment. However, some organizations have already made the transition to zero liquid discharge and are selling or reusing the solids that are produced. Lithium, for example, is recovered from oil-field brines and salars in the United States. Gypsum, meanwhile, can be recovered from mine water and flue gas desalination wastewater and sold for use in drywall manufacturing. There are several advantages to ZLD technology. The first of these is that it allows companies to use lower-cost alloys in major process equipment. The second is that it eliminates the high cost of waste disposal and allows companies to recycle wastewater. Besides, it has a high capacity for increasing productivity. ZLD is becoming more popular as it has many advantages. Zero Liquid Discharge System Cost is a factor in determining the ZLD system cost for your facility. The ZLD cost depends on the amount of wastewater being treated. The capital cost of the entire system can vary depending on its size and characteristics. If your waste stream is extremely large, ZLD might not be a cost-effective solution. So, if you want to build a ZLD facility, consider the following: The cost of a ZLD treatment system is an important factor in deciding whether or not to purchase it. The cost will depend on how many components you need and whether or not you want to install an evaporation pond. Additionally, ZLD systems can be shipped to your facility. However, freight costs can vary depending on the time of year and your location. To reduce the cost of a zero liquid discharge system, it may be wise to install a membrane system.

ZLD System Applications

A Zero Liquid Discharge System is a process that concentrates waste water to its solubility limit, where the salts can be collected for reuse. In contrast to other systems, a ZLD requires less capital and complexity. The advantages include the use of less expensive alloys for the major process equipment, which reduces operating costs. Here are a few of the benefits of this technology. They also enable more efficient wastewater treatment and recycling. A Zero Liquid Discharge System is a process for recovering water and desired solvents from wastewater. After the process, the remaining constituents are dehydrated to form pure water. As a result, zero liquid discharge creates zero waste. Currently, water and chemical processes are highly dependent on liquids. Most of this waste is disposed of in landfills, but some of it is partially or fully recyclable. With stricter discharge guidelines, the power industry is increasingly moving towards the use of ZLD. ZLD systems can also help reduce contaminants like mercury and selenium to part-per-trillion levels. This is particularly important for the power industry, which consumes large amounts of water for operations. These plants have to find effective methods of reusing their waste water. If these systems can reduce these levels, then the energy and environmental costs of the power plants will be reduced.

[jemch]

How It’s Made Index（S21~S30）

How It’s Made是由 Discovery Channel 制作一款王牌节目，又被翻译为制造的原理或造物小百科， 本片从2001年推出至今，涵盖了几乎所有的制造技术 ，非常适合机械专业和对此感兴趣的同学。希望大家享受这趟制造的艺术之旅！

第二十一季推出时间为2013-04-04至2013-08-01

S21E01 Rubber Gloves; Soap Carvings; Aircraft Cabinets; Motorcycle Brake Locks 橡胶手套，肥皂雕刻，飞机木柜，摩托车制动锁

本集看点：极其舒适的橡胶手套制作过程；

S21E02 Powder Horns; Handcrafted Molds; Perogies; Inner Tubes 粉角，手工模具，饺子，内胎

S21E03 Lace; Antique Frame Replicas; Orchids; Unicycle Wheel Hubs 蕾丝，古董架复制品，兰花，独轮车轮毂

S21E04 External Hard Drives; Frozen Shrimp; Thai Rice Boxes; Paper Towel 外置硬盘，冷冻虾，泰国米箱，纸巾

本集看点：硬核的西部数据移动硬盘组装制程；

S21E05 Tea; Roof Finials; Artificial Flowers; Alloy Wheels 茶，屋顶饰物，人造花，合金轮毂

S21E06 Gel Caps; Playground Spring Riders; Frozen Pancakes; Natural Rubber 胶囊，摇摇玩具，冷冻煎饼，天然橡胶

S21E07 Paper Umbrellas; Coal; Aircraft Seats; Urns 纸伞，煤，飞机座椅，瓮

S21E08 Aluminum Canoes;Wood Bowls;Wheelchair Accessible Vans;Marimbas 铝独木舟，木碗，残疾人改装车，木琴

S21E09 Indy Car Seats; Paper Flowers; Stand-by Generators; 赛车座椅，纸花，备用发电机

S21E10 Knee Replacements; Leaf Springs; Lavender; Rivets and Rivet Tools 膝关节置换，钢板弹簧，薰衣草，铆钉和铆钉的工具

本集看点：另外一种大型弹簧结构；铆钉的工作原理；

S21E11 Cast Iron Stoves; Ultralight Aircraft; Snow Groomers; Rubber Bands 铸铁炉具，超轻型飞机，推雪车，橡皮筋

S21E12 Barber Chairs; Sewage Pumps; Bimini Boat Tops; Diesel Filters 理发椅，污水泵，比米尼游乐船，柴油过滤器

S21E13 Car Tires; Silk; Art Conservation; Scuba Tanks 汽车轮胎，丝绸，艺术保护，潜水氧气瓶

本集看点：铝合金终极冲压教程；

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:8e3c0ca289825ca99cbb7699dcbaf926aeb42265&dn

第二十二季推出时间为2013-10-10至2014-01-16

S22E01 Electric Stand-Up Vehicles; Frozen Fruit; Beer Coasters; Forged Door Handles 电动站立车，冰冻水果，啤酒杯垫，锻造门把手

本集看点：专业铁匠；

S22E02 Rock Crushers;Fabric Lampshades;Cake Sprinkles;Steam Irons 岩石破碎机，织物灯罩，蛋糕彩条，蒸汽熨斗

S22E03 Indy Steering Wheels;Mixed Salad;Wind Turbines 印地赛车方向盘，什锦沙拉，风力涡轮机

S22E04 Blast Doors; Lipstick; Artificial Palm Trees; Brass Plaques 防爆门，口红，人造棕榈树，黄铜牌匾

S22E05 Carbon Fiber; Antique Frame Restoration; Railcar Movers; Hood Ornaments 碳纤维，古董保存架，有轨机车，车头装饰品

S22E06 Sawhorses and Toolboxes;Sorbet Pops;School Buses 史丹利工具箱，便携汁冰糕，校车

S22E07 Sanders;Solid Terrain Models;Stucco;High-Speed Roll-up Doors 抛光机，固体地形模型，水泥，高速卷门

S22E08 Pressed Glass;Pickup Truck Caps;Alpaca Yarn;Utility Knives 压制玻璃，敞蓬小型载货卡车，羊驼纱线，工具刀

S22E09 Body Casting; Downdraft Stoves; Compression Garments; Electric Motorcycles 身体模型，气流炉灶，长袜，电动摩托车

S22E10 Sidecars;Frozen French Toast;Refrigerator Compressors;Superchargers 摩托侧箱，冷冻法式土司，冰箱压缩机，增压器

S22E11 Custom Knee Braces;Air Conditioners;Window Films;Motorcycle Exhaust 定制膝盖支撑，空调，窗户贴膜，摩托车排气管

S22E12 Solid State Drives;Eye Shadow;Limousines;Dead Blow Hammers 固态硬盘，眼影，豪华加长轿车，香槟锤

本集看点：先进半导体制程制作的硬盘；

S22E13 Dragster Tires; Icing; Floating Docks; Spiral Pipes 赛车轮胎，冰淇淋，飘浮船坞，螺旋管

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c1ddbd38f95041c1482295587ae0c59e19416937&dn

第二十三季推出时间为2014-04-03至2014-07-03

S23E01 Motion Sensors; Belt Loaders; Pheasant Breeding; Diving Helmets 运动传感器，带式装载机，野鸡养殖，潜水头盔

本集看点：先进半导体制程制作的传感器芯片；

S23E02 Rawhide Lampshades; Chocolate Chip Cookies; MRI Scanners 皮灯罩，巧克力饼干，核磁共振成像扫描仪

S23E03 Noise Barrier Walls; Front-Load Washers; Bourbon; Flexible Circuit 声音屏障墙，滚筒洗衣机，威士忌，柔性电路板（FPC）

本集看点：柔性电路板是如何加工的；

S23E04 Railway Bridge Ties; Membrane Filters; Hydraulic Post Drivers; Bi-Planes 铁路桥梁枕木，膜过滤器，桩机，四翼飞机

S23E05 Hospital Laundry; Brass Instrument Restoration; Horse Replicas; Excavation 医院洗衣，铜管乐器修复，马复制品，挖掘机挖斗

本集看点： 用玻璃纤维制作空心复制品；巨厚钢板的激光切割，折弯与焊接；

S23E06 Ceramic Fireplaces; Synthetic Corks; Parking Garage Floor Slabs 陶瓷壁炉，合成软木塞，车库楼板

本集看点： 多种塑胶粒子组合的连续注塑；

S23E07 Oil Pressure Sensors; Printing; Equipment Simulators; Head & Neck Restraints 油压传感器，大型印刷，设备模拟器，护颈

本集看点： 打金线制程；

S23E08 Mobile Concert Stages; Mascara; Continuous Miners; Wood Gift Boxes 移动音乐会舞台，睫毛膏，挖煤机，木制礼品盒

S23E09 NASCAR Car Bodies; Hurley Sticks; Tube Amplifiers; Thermal Coffee Pots 纳斯卡跑车车身，赫尔利球球棒，声音放大器，热咖啡壶

S23E10 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations; Grappa; Lunar Rover Replicas 电动汽车充电站； 格拉巴酒； 月球车复制品

S23E11 Slate Tiles; Hot Dog Carts; Garage Door Openers; Bicycle Seats 板岩瓷砖；热狗车； 车库门开启器； 自行车座椅

S23E12 Racing Leathers; Evaporative Cooling Towers; Rocking Chairs; Wire Wheels 赛车皮革；蒸发冷却塔； 摇椅； 钢丝轮

本集看点： 滚丝螺纹工艺；

S23E13 Mountain Bikes; Rice; Lever Action Rifles 山地自行车；大米；杠杆动作步枪

S23E14 Shark Week Edition: Surfboards; Diving Regulators; SCUBA Tanks; Water Skis 回收冲浪板； 潜水调节器； 潜水氧气瓶； 滑水板

S23E15 300th Episode - Shark Week Edition: Sails; Reef Aquariums; Oceanographic Buoys; Folding Kayaks 风帆； 珊瑚礁水族馆； 海洋浮标； 折叠皮划艇

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:33139d133183e8bf6e6dfec6684ca9f07bec0982&dn

第二十四季推出时间为2014-09-25至2015-01-15

S24E01 Saunas; Wheelchair Lifts; Dioramas 桑拿； 轮椅升降机； 立体模型

S24E02 Oil Lamps; Chocolate Mints; Underfloor Heating; Pillows 油灯； 巧克力薄荷糖； 地板采暖; 枕头

S24E03 Upright Pianos; Flags; Wet/Dry Vacuums; Medieval Axes 立式钢琴； 旗帜； 湿式/干式吸尘器； 中世纪斧头

S24E04 Skeletal Replicas; Ice Buckets; Dining Chairs; Inground Pools 骨骼复制品； 冰桶； 餐椅； 地下游泳池

S24E05 Automatic Sliding Doors; Gin; Firearms Restoration 自动推拉门； 杜松子酒; 枪械修复

S24E06 Scuba Lights; Sandals; Race Car Simulators; Fibreglass Doors 潜水灯；凉鞋；赛车模拟器； 玻璃钢门

S24E07 Wood Windows; Cashmere Fabric; Plastic Recycling; Architectural Glass 木窗； 羊绒面料； 塑料回收； 建筑玻璃

S24E08 Gas Barbecues; Mattress Pads; Ear Prostheses 燃气烧烤炉； 床垫； 耳假体

S24E09 Recycled Skateboards; Braided Pastry; Construction Trailers; Vises 回收滑板； 编织糕点； 施工拖车； 虎钳

S24E10 Plasma Gems; Special Effects Snow; Piano Restoration 等离子宝石； 特效雪； 钢琴修复

S24E11 3-Wheel Electric Bikes; Skin Cream; Patio Heaters; Wood Wheels 三轮电动自行车； 润肤霜; 天井取暖器； 木轮

S24E12 Old West Holsters; Underwater Video Housings; Soy Beverages; Pet Nail Trimmers 老西部皮套； 水下视频外壳； 大豆饮料； 宠物指甲修剪器

S24E13 Wood Garage Doors; Sand and Salt Spreaders; Animatronic Dinosaurs 木车库门； 沙子和盐撒布机； 电子动画恐龙

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:0a4eda224bbaf24666bb12c13bf1cd5732bf51fd&dn

第二十五季推出时间为2015-04-02至2015-07-02

S25E01 Grammy Awards; Bicycle Lights; Above-Ground Pools; Foldable Solar Panels 格莱美奖; 自行车灯； 地上游泳池； 可折叠太阳能电池板

S25E02 Led Stage Lights; Apple Cider; Chemical Tank Trailers; Ornate Stone Floor LED舞台灯； 苹果酒; 化学品罐拖车； 华丽的石地板

S25E03 Fishing Line; Industrial Mixers; Natural Baking Soda; and Tow Trucks 钓鱼���; 工业搅拌机； 天然小苏打； 拖车

S25E04 Storage Sheds; Industrial Fans; Parchment Paper; and Climbing Walls 储藏棚； 工业风扇；羊皮纸；攀岩墙

S25E05 Precast Concrete Walls; 3D Printers; Telescopic Cranes; Kerosene Lamp Burners 预制混凝土墙； 3D 打印机； 伸缩式起重机； 煤油灯燃烧器

S25E06 Car Headlamps; Directional Drills; Pet Combs; and Stained Glass Restoration 汽车大灯； 定向钻； 宠物梳子； 彩色玻璃修复

S25E07 Handcrafted Skis; Septic Tanks; Hydroformed Chassis Parts; Aquarium Windows 手工制作的滑雪板； 化粪池; 液压成型底盘零件； 水族馆窗户

S25E08 Zip Line Brakes; Silk Fiber Lamps; Round Balers; Comfort Shoes 拉链线制动器； 丝纤维灯； 圆形打包机； 舒适鞋

S25E09 Armored Vehicles; Tension Fabric Buildings; Rowers; Sculpture Enlargements 装甲车； 张力织物建筑； 划船者； 雕塑放大

S25E10 Mountain Bike Suspensions; Surgical Sutures; Grain Dryers; and Frying Pans 山地自行车悬架； 手术缝合； 谷物烘干机； 煎锅

S25E11 Downhill Ski Bindings; Immersion Washers; Mining Ventilation; Pencil Sharpeners 速降滑雪绑定； 浸入式垫圈； 矿用通风； 卷笔刀

S25E12 Gingerbread Houses; Livestock Trailers; Hangar Doors; and Toy Figurines 姜饼屋； 牲畜拖车； 机库门； 玩具公仔

S25E13 Traffic Signal Poles; Coffee Filters; and Chainsaw Mining Machines; 交通信号杆； 咖啡过滤器； 链锯采矿机；

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:78ae318559e0477f5bb1db0abb0fcfa841e491be&dn

第二十六季推出时间为2015-09-10至2015-12-17

S26E01 Time-Delay Locks; Brownies; Pallet Dispensers; and Crystal Chandeliers 延时锁； 布朗尼; 托盘分配器； 水晶吊灯

S26E02 Bead Wire; Mini Pepperoni; Irrigation Sprinklers; and Leather Gloves 珠线； 迷你意大利辣香肠； 灌溉喷头； 皮手套

S26E03 Mouth-Blown Window Glass; Water Pumps; Sake; Tweezers 口吹窗玻璃； 水泵; 清酒; 镊子

S26E04 Statue Restoration; Tripods; Polish Sausages; Welding Guns 雕像修复； 三脚架； 波兰香肠； 焊枪

S26E05 Champagne; ATMs; Marine Turbochargers; 香槟酒; 自动取款机； 船用涡轮增压器；

S26E06 Sharpening Steels; Bladder Pumps; Ironing Boards; and Kayak Paddles 磨刀钢； 膀胱泵； 烫衣板； 皮划艇桨

S26E07 Champagne Hoods; Pneumatic Systems; Espresso Machines; Pizza Ovens 香槟罩； 气动系统； 浓缩咖啡机； 比萨烤箱

S26E08 Stile & Rail Doors, Steam Cleaners, Hand-Held Pizzas, and Power Brushes 轨道门；蒸汽清洁器；手持比萨饼；电动刷

S26E09 Industrial Casters; Wedding Cakes; THz Spectrometers; Racing Catamarans 工业脚轮； 婚礼蛋糕； 太赫兹光谱仪； 竞速双体船

S26E10 Ceramic Grills, Pneumatic Punchers, Water Jet Fountains, Wooden Surfboards 陶瓷烤架、气动打孔机、喷水喷泉、木制冲浪板

S26E11 Vibrating Mining Screens; Whoopie Pies; Utility Poles; Roller Conveyors 振动采矿筛； 百日咳派； 电线杆； 滚筒输送机

本集看点：电线杆也内卷；

S26E12 Exercise Bikes; Cornish Pasties; Pasta Makers; Slate Products 健身车； 康沃尔馅饼； 面食制造商； 板岩产品

S26E13 Channel Signs, Wetsuits, and Aluminum Aircraft 航道标志；潜水服；铝制飞机

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:85892a96e09b0d9f596d98bcd450aeb870a6af3d&dn

第二十七季推出时间为2016-05-19至2016-08-15

S27E01 CNC Assembly Machines; Lemon Tarts; Miniature War Figures 数控组装机； 柠檬馅饼； 微型战争人物

S27E02 Chemical Tank Pressure Vents; Candy Wafers; Food Trucks; Traditional Ropes 化学品罐压力通风口； 糖果晶圆； 食品卡车； 传统绳索

S27E03 Graphene; Worlds Smallest Car; Force Testers; Composite Cans 石墨烯； 世界上最小的汽车； 力测试仪； 复合罐

本集看点：单层的石墨烯是如何分离出来的；

S27E04 LED tubes; chocolate peanut butter bars; robotic medication dispensers. LED灯管；巧克力花生酱棒；机器人配药器

S27E05 Commercial drones; aquarium fish; runway cleaners. 商用无人机； 观赏鱼； 跑道清洁工

S27E06 Wooden Matches, Tillage Machines, Telescopic Gangways 木火柴、耕地机、伸缩式舷梯

S27E07 Mosquito Coils, Solar-Assist Tricycles, Palm Oil, Fiberglass Chopper Guns 蚊香、太阳能辅助三轮车、棕榈油、玻璃纤维斩波枪

S27E08 Wood Toys, Retro Toasters, Laboratory Furnaces, Aerogel 木制玩具、复古烤面包机、实验室炉、气凝胶

S27E09 Combination Squares, Farmed Shrimp, Ball Valves and String Trimmers 组合方形、养殖虾、球阀和切线器

S27E10 Chinese-style Furniture, Electrical Switches, Thai Fish Sauce, Cappers 中式家具、电器开关、泰式鱼露、压盖机

S27E11 Mortars and pestles; bowling lane conditioners; crematories 研钵和研杵； 保龄球道调节器； 火葬场

S27E12 Race Car Oil Tanks; Plaster Mouldings; Lemongrass Oil 赛车油箱； 石膏线条； 柠檬草油

S27E13 Coconut Charcoal; Dial Indicators; Wet Downdraft Tables; Bassoon Reeds 椰子炭； 表盘指示器； 湿式下吸台； 巴松管簧片

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:5289719d3944f98f2c2d425cd79b0487aec36fc7&dn

第二十八季推出时间为2016-08-22至2016-11-03

S28E01 Classic Car Gauges; Chocolate Marble Cake; Ghillie Kettles 经典汽车仪表； 巧克力大理石蛋糕； 吉利水壶

S28E02 Pasta Dies; Blueberries; Composting Toilets; Surge Arresters 面食模具； 蓝莓; 堆肥厕所； 避雷器

S28E03 Angle Grinders; Berry Baskets; Omnidirectional Speakers 角磨机； 浆果篮； 全向扬声器

S28E04 Cartridge Blades; Chocolate Banana Loaves; Vending 墨盒刀片； 巧克力香蕉面包； 自动售货机

S28E05 Ultra-Thin Glass; Pallet Dismantlers; Cupcakes; Stainless Steel 超薄玻璃； 托盘拆卸器； 纸杯蛋糕; 不锈钢

本集看点： 溢流熔融法制作的柔性超薄玻璃（应该是康宁）；

S28E06 Potash; Leather Bracelets; Wild Rice; Hex Key L Wrenches 钾肥； 皮革手链； 野米; 六角扳手 L

S28E07 Nail Files; Birch Canoes; Boat Hardtops; High Voltage Circuit 指甲锉； 桦木独木舟； 船硬顶； 高压电路

S28E08 Macarons; Pine Needle Baskets; Micrometers 马卡龙； 松针篮； 千分尺

S28E09 Endoscopes; Megaphones; Uranium 内窥镜； 扩音器； 铀

S28E10 Hollow Disk Pumps; Palm Sugar; Yachts 空心圆盘泵； 棕榈糖; 游艇

S28E11 Abalone Collagen; Digital-to-Analog Converters; Embosssed 鲍鱼胶原蛋白； 数模转换器； 压花

S28E12 Thai Barbecues; Diving Masks & Fins; Bassoons 泰式烧烤； 潜水面罩和脚蹼； 巴松管

S28E13 Wooden Utensils; Transport Refrigeration Units; Moccasins 木制餐具； 运输制冷装置； 莫卡辛鞋

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:6b3298e03c0e32ede5bc1b81e13a315adae86528&dn

第二十九季推出时间为2017-06-22至2017-09-24

S29E01 Skateboard Wheels; Baklava & Galaktoboureko; CO2 滑板轮；千层酥皮奶冻玉米糕 ；二氧化碳

S29E02 Nuno Felt; Drum Crushers; Kimchi; Parquet Floors 努诺毡；鼓式破碎机；泡菜；镶木地板

S29E03 Wood Watches; Steel Bicycles; Raw Pet Food; Replica Police 木表； 钢制自行车； 生宠物食品； 复制警察

S29E04 Thermoplastic Fire Helmets; Basketry Sculptures; Coffee 热塑性消防头盔； 篮子雕塑； 咖啡

S29E05 Office Chairs; Vinobrew; Reconditioned Sander Drums 办公椅； 酒酿； 翻新砂光鼓

S29E06 Fireplace Bellows; Calissons; Diving Watercraft 壁炉波纹管； 卡利松； 潜水艇

S29E07 Artist Brushes; DEF Tank Heaters; Game Tables; Art Glass 艺术家画笔； DEF 储罐加热器； 游戏桌； 艺术玻璃

S29E08 Flying Water Bikes; Throttle Position Sensors; Cinnamon 飞行水上自行车； 油门位置传感器； 肉桂

S29E09 Foosball Tables; Marseille Soap; Laguiole Pocket Knives 桌上足球桌； 马赛皂； 拉吉奥小折刀

S29E10 Berets; Pastis; Stationary Bikes 贝雷帽； 意大利面食； 固定自行车

S29E11 Bistro Sets; Letterpress Printing; Bamboo Lights; Asphalt 小酒馆套餐； 凸版印刷； 竹灯； 沥青压车

S29E12 Technological Corks; Zinc Gutters; Traditional Ham; Chisteras 技术软木塞； 锌天沟； 传统火腿； 奇斯特拉斯游戏手臂

S29E13 Pentanque Ball; Biologic Medicines; Asphalt Pavers; Basques 滚球； 生物药物； 沥青摊铺机； 巴斯克鞋

本期看点：空心半铁球焊接，再两步CNC制作出完美球形；

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:971ec4ef1ce447538e18d1305ec2f8103daee29d&dn

第三十季推出时间为 2017-09-11至2017-12-18

S30E01 Leather Basketballs; Flood Gates; Wood Panel Canvases; Shoelaces 皮革篮球； 防洪闸； 木板画布； 鞋带

S30E02 Power Steering Pumps; Asian Bowl Meals; Walking Canes 动力转向泵； 亚洲碗餐； 手杖

S30E03 Plant Oil Extractors; Custom Chandeliers; Power Trainers; Coffee Pods 植物油提取器； 定制吊灯； 力量训练器； 咖啡包

S30E04 Witness Samples; Pressure Washers; Bee Hives; Cast Iron Cookers 见证样品； 压力垫圈； 蜂箱； 铸铁炊具

S30E05 Leather Sculptures; Travel Hot Plates; Ochre; Hurdy Gurdies 皮革雕塑； 旅行热板； 赭石；赫迪·古尔迪斯

S30E06 Spiral Stairs; Pita Bread; Exhaust Headers; Molded Limestone Artwork 螺旋楼梯； 皮塔饼； 排气集管； 模压石灰石艺术品

S30E07 Recycled Skateboard Guitars; Solar Street Lights; Dolls 回收的滑板吉他； 太阳能路灯； 娃娃

S30E08 Glass Sculptures; Racing Pulley Systems; Inductors; Medicine Balls 玻璃雕塑； 赛车滑轮系统； 电感器； 药丸

S30E09 Fish Rubbings; Clay Shooting Machines; Almonds; High-End Motorcycles 鱼拓片； 粘土射击机； 杏仁; 高端摩托车

S30E10 Throttle Bodies; Limestone Fireplace Mantels; Candied Fruit & Fruit Jellies; Linen Ukulele 节气门体； 石灰石壁炉架； 蜜饯和果冻； 亚麻尤克里里

S30E11 Rubber Balls; Motion Chairs; Montreal Smoked Meat; Motorized Scooters 橡胶球； 运动椅； 蒙特利尔熏肉； 电动滑板车

S30E12 Aerospace Fasteners; Cactus Pear Puree; Lab Reactors 航空紧固件； 仙人掌梨泥； 实验室反应器

S30E13 Wall Beds; Sundae Cups; Digital Paintings; Badminton Rackets 壁床； 圣代杯； 数字绘画； 羽毛球拍

本季资源链接：

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cc865a515b621051b71e833bd62e466fc45949d3&dn

[wisdomrays]

TAFAKKUR: Part 16

Your kidney

In the earlier issues my friends heart and stomach spoke with you and I patiently waited for my turn. I am located at the waist level to the right of the spine and my twin left kidney on the left, on whose behalf I’m also speaking now. We are truly vital organs to you. Before you say “each one of you claims that it’s vital,” let me talk a bit first, and then you decide.

In your body, which is built like a well-functioning factory, I am the most essential sanitary device. As the heart pumps blood to take food and oxygen to all your organs, you obtain the energy you need. But do you ever think about the disposal after so splendid activities are carried out in your body? If you burn a stove, you need to dispose of the smoke and the ashes if you want to keep it working. Likewise, as you burn your calorie intake, you dispose of the smoke (carbon dioxide) with your lungs and the waste with nitrate-poisonous after a certain level of intensity-thanks to my quietly and perfectly working filters. That is, I am an organ which saves your life by removing the poisonous substances in your blood. I do not only filter your blood, but also play a role at controlling the balances of the sensitive levels of water, sugar, amino acids and different minerals in your body. In short, I am a tiny but strategic laboratory.

The acid-base balance in your body and the amount of water and different salts are significant values which concern all of your bodily activities. When their balance is upset, different troubles arise in different units of your bodily mechanism. I am such a blessing, which works so sensitively to adjust the levels of water and mineral salts in your body while you don’t even realize it.

A watery environment is needed for the thousands of biochemical activities taking place in your body. In addition, activities like the contracting of the muscles and transmission of electrical stimuli between your neurons are realized with the presence of a pinch of mineral salt you don’t even give a thought about. Sometimes you sweat due to running or hot weather. The white stains on your shirt are the salts you lose after the water evaporates. When you suffer from diarrhea, you lose salt again, for the salt in the nutrients are thrown out without being absorbed. Especially when little children are concerned, this loss is of vital importance. The transfer between the blood and the liquid in the tissues is mainly realized through the concentration differences which are kept in a certain balance. If your body holds too much water, your tissues swell. You particularly feel it when you press your finger over the flesh near your shins.

I will not list all of my duties in detail in order not to confuse you. However, let me tell you one more. Since not everyone knows this duty of mine, they just see me as an organ of liquid disposal. But I also take part in controlling the blood production! Surprised? Well, I also have the duty of secreting the hormone which stimulates blood production in the bones. I must always stay alert and maintain this balance in the best way; if you start losing blood, for instance, I must increase the hormone and accelerate blood production.

Yes, I’ve told you about a few of my basic duties, but haven’t told you about how wonderfully designed I am. I am a bean-shaped organ and a single kidney like me weighs 130-160 grams on average. We are approximately 10 grams lighter in female bodies. I am surrounded by a soft but protective membrane. I need 35 grams of daily oxygen supply to survive and I use 13 % of your total body energy.

As an army is made up of individual soldiers, I am like a complex army, and a single soldier of mine is called a “nephron,” which does the real job. Thus, you can see me as a body of nephrons. Millions of these nephrons are brought together to make up one kidney.

A single nephron is a thin tubular structure with closed ends, and its length is about 3-4 cm. So the total length of my nephrons is about 50 km. The cup-like sac at the beginning of a nephron is named the “Bowman’s capsule.” The main artery bringing blood to the kidneys branch into smaller units, and one road leads to every nephron. The knot of capillaries (glomerulus) inside this double-walled capsule is more complicated than any road map you might have seen. The total length of the capillaries is nearly 25 km. The unwelcome substances in the blood are passed to the capsule thanks to blood pressure, and they proceed through the tubule. The total surface area of my tubules is about 20 m2. Within five minutes the whole of your blood passes through us. That is to say, an average of 1.2 liters of blood per minute, and 1800 liters a day are filtered by my nephrons, leaving the toxic substances in me. As this amount of blood (nearly 400 times the normal amount in your body) pass through my tubules and return to the veins they leave behind an average of 180 liters of liquid in me. In this case, you could be supposed to throw out 180 liters of urine a day. However, if you really did that, you would neither be able to find a sufficient supply of water nor salt. Fortunately, Providence granted you the mechanism to absorb back nearly 178.5 liters of this filtered substance. This way, the thickened urine throws out the toxic nitrogen-containing byproducts together with a little amount of water. Therefore, I give you back the substances you need with an amount of 1.5 liters of liquid disposal a day. This reabsorbing is realized in what you call the Henle loop. The cells in the walls of my tubules have neither intellect, nor consciousness, nor any knowledge of physiology; in spite of this, they work as if they were perfectly aware of their duty to adjust the amounts and types the substances to be kept or released. To give you an idea, you can think about the huge dialysis machines your engineers design to fulfill the job my tiny tubules do. You decide which one of us is the perfect work of engineering.

A rich network of veins surround the Heinle loop and the reabsorbed substances are released into the bloodstream. The drops to be disposed of are collected and then passed to your bladder. When the liquid in your bladder amounts to a certain value it tightens the bladder walls. The muscles blocking the way out give way and the urine is disposed of. However, know that the bladder has the capacity to expand as large as 1.5 liters when you cannot find the proper time and place.

Most people take for granted the blessings they enjoy. If you visit the nephrology service in a hospital and talk to the patients waiting to be dialyzed, you understand what I mean better. Do not forget that many people who suffer from kidney failure need that huge machine to filter the whole of their blood and they pray for a kidney suitable for transplantation to be found at once.

Incidentally, thinking of chronic kidney failure recalled various reasons which ruin me: long lasting infections, long-term use of certain medicine, different chemicals like ethylene and mercury, heavy loss of blood, high blood pressure, serious burns, and wrong blood transfers etc. In such cases I can receive irreparable damage.

Another issue which troubles me is the formation of kidney stones. The stones which form owing to failures in different metabolic processes really hurt. When excessive decrease of liquids or increases of salts in the body upset my sensitive balance, some dissolved substances remain, begin to collect, and form stones. These stones hinder urine flow and might cause infections. You may drink water abundantly to prevent these stones. Most importantly do not wait too much before going to the toilet. If you excuse me, I also strongly recommend you to urinate in sitting position; this helps emptying your bladder completely and reduces the risk of kidney stones.

I do my job properly until I lose 90 % of my working capacity. When a considerable part of me loses its capacity, the remaining good part boosts its activity to make up for the loss. When one of our twins are taken out with an operation, the other one does not complain at all; it grows a bit bigger and keeps working.

As the nature of honey depends on the nectars bees collect, the ingredients of the urine I produce depend on what’s in your body. Therefore, a urine analysis tells much in the case of illness. For example, I normally do not release valuable substances like glucose and protein in your blood into the urine, but return them to the bloodstream. As my friends cannot fulfill this function in diabetic patients, their urine analyses reveal glucose. As for medicines, I throw them out right away since they are alien substances to me.

You are young and healthy but be careful and do not get cold around the waist, otherwise I might trouble you. There’s a lot to tell you, but I do not want to confuse you. Like any other organ, I do not like being taken for granted and I just wish for you to appreciate what a blessing I am. Let me note that my perfect cooperation with the rest of your body is another wonder in itself. Anyway, the urea in your blood is increasing, so I must go help my twin now.

[waterfiltergurus]

Whole House Water Filtration System Maintenance & Service

Whole house water filters are effective long-term water treatment solutions - but only with proper maintenance. In this guide, we've shared our top tips for maintaining a whole house water filtration system. 📌 Key Takeaways: - Most whole house water filters need maintenance in the form of filter changes, cleaning, and small repairs. - You might need to do special maintenance on your whole house water filtration system before a vacation or before the system is exposed to freezing temperatures. - Regular maintenance is essential to keep the filter producing high-quality filtered water and to maintain a good water flow through the system. 📋 5 Essential Whole House Water Filtration System Maintenance Tasks 1) Replacing The Filters Replacing the filters is the most important routine maintenance task for all water filtration systems. Most whole home systems have multiple filter stages, including a sediment filter, one or several carbon filters, and, in the case of reverse osmosis systems, a reverse osmosis membrane. You'll need to buy replacement filters about once or twice a year, depending on the filter lifespan. Here's how to replace the water filters in your whole house system: - Shut off your water and open a faucet to relieve pressure and drain the water. If your system has a pressure release button, press it now. - Untwist the filter housing and remove the old filter cartridge. - Clean out the housings if necessary (see below). - Dispose of the old filter and replace it with a new filter cartridge. - Screw the filter housing back onto the system. We've shared a much more in-depth guide on how to clean your whole house water filter system here. 2) Cleaning The Filters Certain types of filters, such as ceramic filters and spin-down sediment filters, can be cleaned and reused, minimizing costs associated with filter replacements. You should follow the manufacturer's instructions in your user manual to properly clean a filter. 📌 We DON'T recommend cleaning filters that aren't designed for cleaning and reuse, such as carbon filter cartridges. These filters may be damaged by cleaning, and you won't be able to effectively remove all the contaminants, so you probably won't extend their lifespans by much. Plus, many filters need to be replaced to prevent bacteria buildup, so it's not worth the risk of getting sick. 3) Cleaning The Filter Housings It's also recommended that you clean your filter housings at least once a year, or every time you replace a water filter. The filter housings become coated with sediment and debris over time, as the filter media becomes clogged with contaminants. When you remove the old filter and install a filter replacement, it's a good idea to wash out the filter housings. To remove tough stains, soak the housings in warm, soapy water before scrubbing them with a sponge. Here's how to clean the filter housings in a whole house water filter system: - Shut off the water, open a faucet to relieve pressure, and unscrew the filter housings. - Fill a bowl with warm, soapy water. - Remove the filter cartridges from the housings and put them safely to one side. - Put the filter housings in the water and let them soak for 5-10 minutes. - Use a sponge to wipe down the insides of the housings. - Thoroughly dry the housings or allow them to air-dry, then return the filters and screw them back onto the system. 4) Sanitizing The Filter Housings (Optional) In some cases, simply soaking the filter housings in warm water might not be enough to get them fully clean and bacteria-free. You can sanitize the filter housings once every 1-2 years if you want to give the entire system a proper deep clean. To sanitize a whole house water filter, follow these steps: - Remove the filter cartridge from each housing. - Make a sanitizing solution by diluting 1/3 teaspoon of unscented bleach in 1 gallon of tap water. - Unscrew the housings, fill them each with a cup of the sanitizing solution, and screw them back on. - Open a faucet and wait for water to come out. - Switch off the faucet and leave the sanitizing solution in the filter housings for 30 minutes. - Unscrew and drain the filter housings, then rinse them out, return the filter cartridges, and run water through the system for 10 minutes to remove the lingering bleach. 5) Making Small Repairs & Changes If you want your whole house water filtration system to last well beyond a decade (maybe even two decades), you'll probably need to replace various components when they become worn. An obvious example is the filter o-rings. These need lubricating or replacing every few months. Some people choose to do this every time they replace a water filter cartridge. To replace an o-ring in your whole home water filtration system, follow these steps: - Shut off your water supply, open a faucet to drain the water, and unscrew the filter housing. - Remove the filter. You should find the o-ring sitting underneath. - Check the o-ring for cracks and wear. If necessary, replace the o-ring. - If the o-ring looks okay, clean it and rub it with lubricant, then put it back in place. - Make sure the o-ring has formed a proper seal before putting the filter back in the housing. Over the years, other parts of the system may become cracked, worn, dirty, or damaged. You might need to repair or replace the filter housings or tubes if the quality of the system begins to affect its performance or poses a leak risk. You should be able to find replacement parts on the manufacturer's website or in your local hardware store. Contact the manufacturer if you need to replace a specialist component. 🔂 One-Off Maintenance Tasks For Whole House Water Filter Systems There are a few maintenance tasks that are required for a whole house water filter system on an as-and-when basis. These include: Whole House Water Filter Maintenance Before A Vacation If you're heading away from home for 1 or 2 weeks, you don't have to worry about any special maintenance for your whole home water filtration system. But if you'll be on vacation for more than a month, there are a few things that you can do. First, shut off your water supply. This is recommended even if you don't have water filters - it means you won't come home to discover it's been flooded by a catastrophic leak. If you plan to turn off your heating in the cold months, we advise draining the system to prevent the inside from freezing. Maintenance To Prevent A Water Filter System From Freezing Some whole home water filtration systems are installed outdoors or in a room that may not be heated during the winter months (such as a basement or a garage). To prevent your water filter system from freezing, install an insulating box around the filter. This should keep the filter warm enough that the media won't be damaged if the temperatures outside drop below freezing. Related Articles: - Need to upgrade? Here are the best whole home filtration systems to consider. - How to bypass a whole house water filtration system - Algae in a whole home water filter: what to do ❔ Whole Home Water Filtration System Maintenance: FAQ Why is maintaining whole house water filtration systems so important? Regular maintenance for a whole house water filter is essential. Changing the filters and keeping the houses clean will keep the system properly maintained and prevent problems associated with an accumulation of dirt, including reduced flow rate and potential bacteria buildup. Is water filter maintenance easy? Yes, anyone can perform maintenance on a whole house filtration system. You don't have to hire your local water treatment professional - maintenance is as simple as shutting off your water supply and unscrewing the filter housings. How often should a whole house water filter be changed? You should change a filter in a whole house filtration system every 3-12 months on average, depending on the filter size, type, and complexity, your water usage and TDS (total dissolved solids) count, and the manufacturer's advice. Read the full article

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How To Fabricate TFNC Membranes On A Large Scale By Electrospinning Nanofibers Technology?

 #TFNC #membranes #large #scale #electrospinning #nanofibers #technology #electrospun #nanofibrous #scaffold #UF #membrane #mat #electrospraying #filtration #PVA #PAN #composite #electrosprayed

 The preparation of an appropriately thin barrier layer on the highly porous electrospun nanofibrous scaffold often faces a series of challenges. For example, using the conventional casting method, penetration of the coating solution into the nanofibrous scaffold is unavoidable, which would result in a much thicker barrier layer. Various methods, such as adjusting the viscosity of the cast solution through gelation, soaking the nanofibrous scaffold with coagulant of the cast solution, and photo-crosslinking of a UV-reactive coating solution (e.g., photo-crosslinkable PVA), have been demonstrated to minimize the penetration of the cast solution to the electrospun nanofibrous support and to decrease the thickness of the barrier layer. Wang and coworkers demonstrated a unique technique to prepare an ultrathin barrier layer on the nanofibrous scaffold and further improved the performance of the TFNC UF membrane . In their approach, a double-layer electrospun nanofibrous mat, containing a thin hydrophilic nanofibrous top layer and a nanofibrous support layer, was manufactured via electrospinning or electrospraying. The top electrospun layer was subsequently fused using solvent vapor or solvent solution or hot-pressing treatment to form a thin integrated barrier layer without the fibrous structure. An alternative TFNC UF membrane was prepared by remelting the deposited PVA electrospun nanofibers on the PAN electrospun membrane with water vapor (Fig. 14.11A). The filtration performances of the PVA/PAN composite membranes were evaluated by the oil/water emulsion separation system, and the highest permeate flux of 210L/m2h was achieved with the rejection of 99.5% for the composite membrane under the operating pressure of 0.3 MPa. In another of their studies, an electrosprayed PVA top layer was swollen in a water/acetone mixture to form an intact filmlike barrier layer on the electrospun PAN support layer (Fig. 14.11B). The resultant TFNC membrane, containing a crosslinked PVA barrier layer, possessed very high flux (347.8 L/m2h) and a high rejection ratio (99.6%) at low pressure (0.2 MPa) for separation of oil emulsion and water. The system was able to maintain a much higher flux value than a typical commercial UF membrane, with no loss of oil rejection capability under a long cross-flow UF operation. To precisely control the compactness of the top-layer film, Wang and coworkers improved the strategy by a hot-press top-layer formation process (Fig. 14.11C). Specifically, the electrosprayed PVA layer was moistened and subsequently softened by hotpressing treatment to form an integrated barrier film on the supporting layer. The obtained TFNC membrane was used to filter molecules smaller than in an oil emulsion, such as in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Specifically, the optimized PVA/PAN TFNC membrane possessed a high UF performance in BSA filtration tests, with a water flux of 173.0 L/m2h and rejection above 98.0% at a low feeding pressure of 0.3 MPa. A novel three-tiered arrangement of composite membranes consisting of an ultrathin PAN-co-acrylic acid (PAN-AA) barrier layer based on a PAN nanofibrous support layer was developed (Fig. 14.11D). Due to its hydrophilic and negatively charged barrier layer, the TFNC UF composite membranes exhibited excellent permeate flux (221.2 L/m2h) and rejection efficiency (97.8%) for BSA aqueous solution at 0.3 MPa. These methods all overcome the typical challenge of easy penetration of the coating solution into the porous substrate and eliminate the bottleneck of the barrier thickness, thus offering great potential in fabrication of TFNC membranes on a large scale.