#grassland amphibians

[uncharismatic-fauna]

The Smooth Newt with the Smooth Moves

Also known as the European newt, northern smooth newt, or common newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), the smooth newt is one of the most common species in Europe and western Asia. It is also the only newt species found in Ireland. There are currently three recognised subspecies distributed throughout this range, and four others have been reclassified as distinct species. The common newt is able to survive in a variety of habitats, including deciduous and coniferous forests, wetlands, meadows, parks, and gardens. Their only requirements are sufficient sunlight and water with sufficient vegetation.

Like most newts, the northern smooth newt spends the majority of its time foraging for food on land. Their diet is carnivorous, consisting of insects, worms, snails, slugs, and larvae. When available, L. vulgaris may also eat the eggs of its own species. In turn, many animals prey on the European newt, including waterbirds, snakes, frogs, and larger newts. To avoid these predators the smooth newt is active mainly at night, and will secrete a toxic mucus when threatened. While active, they are largely solitary but from October to March several individuals will hibernate together under logs or leaf litter burrows.

Almost as soon as the common newt emerges from hibernation, they begin migration to their breeding sites-- usually the ponds in which they spawned. Males undergo a dramatic transformation, growing large crests and becoming brightly colored. When a female enters the water, the male swims around her and sniffs her cloaca. He then vibrates his tail to fan his pheromones towards her. Finally, he will swim away and, if the female is interested, she will follow him. He then deposits a packet of sperm, or spermatophore, that the female picks up for fertilization. Rival males may try to lead the female towards their own spermatophores, and clutches of eggs often have multiple fathers.

Females deposit anywhere from 100 to 500 eggs, each of which is carefully wrapped in aquatic vegetation. Larvae hatch after only 20 days, and quickly begin developing. Unlike frogs and toads, newt larvae have external, feathery gills, and develop their front legs first. After about three months, the larvae absorb their gills and leave the water as newtlets or efts. However, when temperatures are particularly low and aquatic prey is abundant, some adults retain their gills and stay aquatic in a phenomenon known as paedomorphism. These adults are fully capable of sexual reproduction, and when moved to areas with a larger population will often metamorphose into terrestrial adults.

Adult smooth newts are rather small, reaching only 9–11 cm (3.5–4.3 in) and 0.3–5.2 g (0.011–0.183 oz). Males are slightly larger than females. The head and back are dark brown or olive, while the underside is much lighter. Both males and females have dark spots on their bellies, and males also sport a bright orange stripe. In the spring, the colors in males become more vivid and the spots grow larger. Males also develop a large yellow crest that runs from the head to the table, and is dotted with dark bands.

Conservation status: The IUCN has designated the European newt as Least Concern, as it is common over most of its range. Threats include habitat destruction and the introduction of invasive fish species.

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Photos

Philip Precey

Derek Middleton

Christoph Moning via iNaturalist

Kristýna Coufalová via iNaturalist

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

you have everything you need to survive and you will get through the trip and come home safely

for the purposes of "polls can only have ten things", your options are limited to land ecosystems

[considernature]

Happy Earth Day!

We share this beautiful planet with over two million other species, from wasps the size of a grain of dust to whales larger than an office building. Yet, many of these species now face extinction due to the ways in which we humans have modified the planet to suit our needs. According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 13% of birds, 21% of reptiles, 27% of mammals, 37% of sharks, and 41% of amphibians are currently endangered, and some estimates suggest that 28% of all species on Earth are at risk of extinction in the near future. Imagine you woke up tomorrow and more than a quarter of every plant, animal, and fungus, from the elephants at the zoo to the earthworms beneath the soil, simply vanished, never to be seen ever again. If we choose to continue treating our planet so poorly, this will become a reality.

Here at Consider Nature, we believe the best way to protect our planet is to arm ourselves with knowledge! Over the years, we have written many articles on some of Earth’s coolest, weirdest, and most-endangered species, in the hope of inspiring readers to step up to the plate and protect biodiversity. I hope you will spend a few minutes of your Earth Day today reading about some of the species we believe are worth saving.

Zacaton grasslands in central Mexico, home to the Zacatuche, or volcano rabbit. Image credit: Jurgen Hoth

The Succulent Karoo, one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and home to the Karoo Padloper. Image credit: Tjeerd Wiersma under CC BY-SA 2.0.

The Gulf of California, home of the critically endangered Vaquita. Image credit: Natural World Heritage Sites.

[pleistocene-pride]

The secretarybird or secretary bird is a species of is a large, mostly terrestrial, bird of prey which is endemic to sub-saharan Africa. The secretarybird prefers to inhabit open grasslands, savannas, shrublands, and highlands rather than rainforests, swamps, and woodlands. In these habitats Secretarybirds will form monogamous pairs and defend a large territory of around 19 square miles ( 50 km2), and while capable of flight secretary birds are a primarily terrestrial animal. Hunting in pairs or with there offspring they stalk through there habitat in long careful strides in search of prey such as large invertebrates, lizards, amphibians, small turtles and tortoises, hares, hedgehogs, rodents, polecats, small felines, young gazelle, mongoose, birds up to the size of guinea fowl, and especially snakes. Once found a secretarybird will chase after prey with the wings spread and kill by striking with swift blows of the feet. Standing around 4.3ft (1.3m) tall, 3.7 to 4.11ft (1.1 to 1.5m) in body length, with a 6.3 to 6.11ft (1.9 to 2.1m) wingspan. The secretarybird is a large instantly recognizable bird with an eagle-like body on crane-like legs, featherless red-orange face and predominantly grey plumage, with a flattened dark crest and black flight feathers and thighs.Breeding may occur year round and during courtship, they exhibit a nuptial display by soaring high with undulating flight patterns and calling with guttural croaking. Males and females can also perform a ground display by chasing each other with their wings up and back. Both sexes build a relatively flat 3 to 5ft (1 to 1.5m) wide platform nest out of sticks and grasses at the top of a dense thorny tree, some 8 to 40ft (2.5 to 13m) above the ground. Here 1 to 3 chalky blueish whiteish green eggs are laid and incubated for 45 days until hatching. The young remain with there parents until becoming independent at some 4 to 7 months of age. Under ideal conditions a secretarybird may live upwards of 15 years.

[supremebirdbracket]

Two popular classics! But who is the Superb Owl?

The most widely distributed owl in the Americas, the great horned owl ranges throughout North America and much of Central and South America. They can be found in almost any habitat. These owls mostly prey on rodents and lagomorphs, but are opportunistic hunters and will take anything they can catch, including smaller owls. They hunt by watching from a perch. Regarding their ecological niche, they are sometimes described as the nocturnal equivalent of red-tailed hawks. Great horned owls nest earlier in the year than most other raptors. These owls are very long-lived, with a typical lifespan of around 13 years in the wild (with a record of 28) and up to 50 in captivity!

Western barn owls live throughout Europe as well as much of Africa and the Arabian peninsula in a wide variety of habitats, but most especially favoring open woodland and grasslands. These owls mostly eat small mammals such as rodents and shrews, but will also eat birds, amphibians, lizards, and insects. They hunt by flying slowly over ground and pouncing when movement is detected. Western barn owls are usually monogamous, mating for life. After fledging, young remain with their parents for only about a month. Since barn owls have relatively high metabolic rates, they eat proportionally more rodents than other owls and are thereby appreciated by farmers as effective pest control.

[fantasy-anatomy-analyst]

Do you have any pointers on figuring out speculative island evolution? I have an island in middle of a massive lake & I'm trying to fill it with wildlife that would "make sense". The climate is rather cold & the one species I'm certain on so far is a kind of "dwarf mammoth" but obviously there would be more species then just them.

for starters, here's an article about island dwarfism and gigantism! the gist of it is that in an insular environment such as an island, animals which are normally large get quite small, and animals which are normally small tend to get bigger, just like your dwarf mammoth idea.

as for general island ecology, you're going to have a lot of aquatic animals, as well as flying ones! it being in the middle of a lake makes it less likely to have very many land animals, since they would have had to arrive in a time when it was easier to cross the area that is now a giant lake, but you can certainly have a few, like the mammoths.

I would suggest looking at things like river otters, lake Baikal seals, various waterfowl, and freshwater fish and shellfish! there could also be some species of amphibian, though they're likely in hibernation during the cold months. still, it's not impossible to have amphibians and reptiles in a cold region! wood frogs, for example, are able to hibernate by allowing their whole bodies to freeze in the cold.

here are some important niches to consider:

herbivores, perhaps with the larger ones more focused on trees for food while smaller herbivores consume plants on the ground

rodents, eating and storing seeds and nuts

predators, keeping the herbivore populations reasonably sized

scavengers and opportunistic omnivores

insects and decomposers

pollinators

fish, clams, and other aquatic animals like freshwater seals or otters

migrating birds and waterfowl, as well as predatory birds and smaller birds that eat seeds and insects

water plants!

also consider how the plants got here. are their seeds brought in via the feces of migrating birds? are there plants that reproduce by scattering their seeds in the wind? what's the situation with fruiting plants? etc. an environment can only have animals it is able to sustain nutritionally. grass grazing animals that prefer wide open spaces would have a rough time in a dense forest, and animals reliant on trees would suffer in a wide grassland. how big is your island? what population sizes can it sustain in every niche? every animal and plant available will have an effect on the population sizes of the other species present! as the number of herbivores rises, so too will the numbers of their predators! and if one population drops, so will the others around them.

[typhlonectes]

Conserving and Restoring North American Prairie

Home to hundreds of species of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and pollinators, grasslands are unsung heroes. Alongside providing a haven for wildlife, this iconic landscape sequesters carbon, reduces soil erosion, ensures clean water, protects biodiversity, and more.

You might be asking yourself how we could live without the countless benefits grasslands provide us and wildlife, and the answer is - we probably wouldn’t be able to for very long.

We have lost more than 50 million acres of the landscape in the last 10 years due to climate change, agricultural conversion, invasive species, and other threats. This map can help guide voluntary conservation in this critical landscape - help us help each other keep the green areas green and restore the yellow and purple areas. 

Learn more: http://ow.ly/nHQ550M4GJL

[willtheweaver]

A writer’s guide to forests: from the poles to the tropics, part 7

Is it no.7 already? Wow. A big shout out to everyone who has had the patients to stick with this. Now onto this week’s forest…

Dry forest

Water is life. That’s a fact. And especially where it doesn’t rain for more than half the year.

Location: Dry forests are scattered throughout the Yucatán peninsula ,South America, various Pacific islands,Australia, Madagascar, and India. Areas have been cleared by human activity, and the SA dry forests are classified as the most threatened tropical forests.

Climate: Temperate to tropical, with just enough rain to sustain trees. Many are monsoonal, with rain coming in one or two brief periods separated by a long dry season.

Plant life- Hardy trees, such as Baobab and Eucalyptus are able to last with little rain by tapping into groundwater with extensive root systems. Many trees are evergreen, but in India, many species are deciduous. Trees are often more spaced out, and shrubs and grasses grow extensively. Cacti are common plants in the Americas, with some growing tall enough to be considered trees. In order to survive the heat and lack of water, many small plants are annuals, or store water in tubers. Palms can make up a large percentage of the trees, as was the case in the now vanished forests of Easter Island.

Animal life- As they can come and go when they please, birds are common species. Larger animals are active year round, with smaller species of mammals, amphibians, and certain insects only coming out during the rainy season. Isolation means that islands become home to many endemic species; think about Madagascar and the lemurs, or Darwin’s finches, iguanas, and tortoises in the Galapagos. Isolation has also led to the marsupials of Australia developing to fill the niches that would normally be occupied by placental mammals .The introduction of invasive species has brought about the extinction of island fauna.

How the forest affects the story- Water, or the lack of will be the biggest challenge your characters will face. Rivers and lakes may be seasonal, so other sources will have to be utilized. Drinkable fluids can be obtained from various plants and animals, or maybe the bedrock is porous and water accumulates in cenotes. Your characters could come from a culture that builds artificial reservoirs to collect the rain and store it for the dry season. With careful water management, cities can thrive in dry areas. But your characters will have to be careful. Prolonged drought will see societies go the way of the Maya. Deforestation leaves the topsoil vulnerable to the wind, and forests, farms, and grassland will inevitably turn to desert. Whether nomadic or sedentary, your characters and their society will have to find a way to interact with the forest without destroying it or themselves. Can they do it? Can a damaged biosphere be restored before it’s too late? The success or failure of your characters and/or their predecessors can be a driving focus of the plot. Of course ,when the rains do come, it could be in the form of a cyclone. Dry ground does not readily absorb water, and flash floods are a danger. Water can grant life, but it can take it as well.

[travelella]

Plains Bison in Custer, South Dakota, USA

Stephanie LeBlanc

The Plains bison is one of two subspecies/ecotypes of the American bison, the other being the wood bison.

Status: Near Threatened

Population: 45,000

Scientific Name: Bison bison bison

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Artiodactyla

Family: Bovidae

Subfmaily: Bovinae

Tribe: Bovini

Genus: Bison

Weight: 701 to 2,000 pounds

Length: 7-12 ft.

Habitat: Grassland

Range: Bison once roamed from Florida to Washington, Canada, and Mexico - The entire U.S.

Predators: Wolves are the primary predator of bison across the continent. Local knowledge also indicates that bears play a role in predation.

Diet: Bison are considered generalist foragers, meaning they eat a wide array of herbaceous grasses and sedges commonly found in mixed-grassed prairies. These types of plants include species such as Blue gramma, sand dropseed, and little bluestem.

Lifespan: The average lifespan for a bison is 10–20 years, but some live to be older. Cows begin breeding at the age of two and only have one baby at a time. For males, the prime breeding age is six to 10 years.

Importance: Bison graze the grasses at different heights, providing nesting grounds for birds. They also roll around and pack down the soil in depressions in the ground known as wallows. Their wallows fill with rainwater and offer breeding pools for amphibians and sources of drinking water for wildlife across the landscape.

[frogtoadber2024]

FrogToadber 2024

are you a fan of amphibians? do you like making art? this October, follow along with FrogToadber's prompt list! this is open to all forms of art, not just drawing. use the tag #frogtoadber2024 to have your art featured on the blog! image descriptions and/or alt text are strongly encouraged. prompts under the cut:

American Bullfrog

Axolotl

Rivers

Eastern Tiger Salamander

Tomato Frog

Plains Toad

Forest

Poison Dart Frog (any color)

Lifecycle/Metamorphosis

Chinese Giant Salamander

Red-Eyed Tree Frog

Olm

Fire Belly Newt

Goliath Frog

Desert

Mossy Frog

Hellbender

Spadefoot Toad

An amphibian native to your region

Amphiuma

White’s Tree Frog

Wetlands

Caecilian

A prehistoric amphibian

Grasslands

Midwife toad

Desert Rain Frog

Crocodile Newt

Cave

Glass Frog

Your favorite amphibian

[uncharismatic-fauna]

Open Your Home to the Common House Centipede

A common sight in homes throughout Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Australia the common house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata) is a medium-sized species of centipede originally from the Mediterranean. In the wild, they prefer grasslands and deciduous forests where they can hide under rocks, logs, or leaf litter. These insects have also adapted well to urban development, and are frequently found in basements, bathrooms, and garages,  as well as gardens and compost piles.

Like other centipedes, the common house centipede has less than 100 legs; in fact, they only have 15 pairs, with the front pair used only for holding prey or fending off threats. All those legs let the common house centipede move up to 0.4 meters per second (1.3 ft/s) over a variety of surfaces, including walls and ceilings. The actual body of S. coleoptrata is only 25 to 35 mm (1.0 to 1.4 in) long, but the antennae are often as long as the body which can give this insect a much larger appearance. However, they can be hard to spot, especially in their natural environments; their tan and dark brown coloration allows them to blend in seamlessly to surrounding vegetation.

Though they pose little threat to humans, house centipedes are predatory. Their primary food source is other arthropods, including cockroaches, silverfish, bed bugs, ticks, ants, and insect larvae. S. coleoptrata is a nocturnal hunter, and uses its long antennae to track scents and tactile information. Their compound eyes, unusual for centipede species, can distinguish daylight and ultraviolet light but is generally used as a secondary sensory organ. When they do find prey, house centipedes inject a venom which can be lethal in smaller organisms, but is largely harmless to larger animals. This makes them important pest controllers. In the wild, house centipedes are the common prey of rodents, amphibians, birds, and other insects.

The mating season for S. coleoptrata begins in the spring, when males and females release pheromones that they can use to find each other. Once located, the male spins a silk pad in which he places his sperm for the female to collect. She then lays fertilized eggs in warm, moist soil in clutches of 60-150. These eggs incubate for about a month, and the young emerge with only four pairs of legs. Over the next three years, juvenile house centipedes molt 7 times, each time gaining new pairs of legs. After they grow their last pair of legs, immature house centipedes molt an additional 3 times, at which time they become sexually mature. If they can avoid predation, individuals can live up to 7 years in the wild.

Conservation status: The common house centipede has not been evaluated by the IUCN, as it is relatively common both in the wild and in urban areas. Although they have been introduced to areas outside their native range, no detrimental environmental effects have been associated with their spread.

If you like what I do, consider leaving a tip or buying me a ko-fi!

Photos

Joseph Berger

David Paul

Conrad Altman via iNaturalist

[satoshi-mochida]

Monster Hunter Wilds ‘1st Trailer,’ screenshots

From Gematsu

Capcom has released the first official trailer for Monster Hunter Wilds, which introduces the game’s untamed landscape teeming with new monsters, as well as first glimpses of the story, characters, system, and more.

Get the latest details below.

In Monster Hunter Wilds, players join the ranks of a special Research Commission team investigating the Forbidden Lands. Fully voiced for the first time in the Monster Hunter series, the hunter ventures into the unknown with their companions, including Guild-appointed handler Alma, their Palico partner, and a mysterious child. Monster Hunter Wilds features multi-dimensional biomes that can transform in unexpected ways. The first locale to be unveiled is the Windward Plains, a vast region encompassing harsh deserts, twisted rock formations, and swaying grasslands abound with life. These immersive ecosystems are populated with wildlife acclimated to their surroundings, including smaller monsters like Dalthydon, an herbivorous wyvern that migrates seasonally, and Ceratonoth, who rely on males to shield the herd from raging storms with well-developed dorsal horns that serve as lightning rods. Of course, large monsters also roam the Windward Plains, including Doshaguma. While massive and territorial, these fanged beasts are curiously sometimes sighted stalking the plains in aggressive packs. Meanwhile, the formidable amphibian Chatacabra uses its surroundings and adhesive saliva to become an even stronger adversary by armoring its body with natural materials like ore. To help hunters meet the challenges that await in Monster Hunter Wilds, the beloved gameplay of the series has evolved with an arsenal of new features. Players will experience a seamless flow from story sequences to gameplay without interruption. To traverse this world’s sprawling environments, the game introduces Seikrets, a new type of mount. These nimble creatures can guide their riders to destinations and allow hunters to perform actions on the go, such as sharpening weapons, gathering materials, and wielding the slinger. Hunters can also swap to a secondary weapon with their Seikret, empowering hunting parties to adapt to the changing conditions out in the field without returning to base. All 14 of the series’ iconic weapon types return in Monster Hunter Wilds and have now evolved to include new actions. Additionally, the game introduces brand-new systems, such as Focus Mode, giving hunters more precise control over aiming, guarding, and attacking monsters’ weak points. The new Hook Slinger also offers hunters additional abilities, including contextual actions and the power to collect items from a distance – even when mounted atop their Seikret. Monster Hunter Wilds players who link their Monster Hunter: World save data can receive special bonus items. This includes the Felyne Leather Set (Palico Armor) and Felyne Acorn Spade (Palico Weapon) for linking Monster Hunter: World base game save data, and Felyne Duffel Set (Palico Armor) and Felyne Trekker Peckaxe (Palico Weapon) for linking save data from the title’s massive expansion Monster Hunter World: Iceborne.

Monster Hunter Wilds is due out for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam in 2025.

Watch a new trailer below. View a new set of screenshots at the gallery.

1st Trailer

English

Japanese

[demifiendrsa]

Monster Hunter Wilds - 1st Trailer

Japanese version

Monster Hunter Wilds will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X|S, and PC via Steam in 2025.

Screenshots

Latest details

In Monster Hunter Wilds, players join the ranks of a special Research Commission team investigating the Forbidden Lands. Fully voiced for the first time in the Monster Hunter series, the hunter ventures into the unknown with their companions, including Guild-appointed handler Alma, their Palico partner, and a mysterious child. Monster Hunter Wilds features multi-dimensional biomes that can transform in unexpected ways. The first locale to be unveiled is the Windward Plains, a vast region encompassing harsh deserts, twisted rock formations, and swaying grasslands abound with life. These immersive ecosystems are populated with wildlife acclimated to their surroundings, including smaller monsters like Dalthydon, an herbivorous wyvern that migrates seasonally, and Ceratonoth, who rely on males to shield the herd from raging storms with well-developed dorsal horns that serve as lightning rods. Of course, large monsters also roam the Windward Plains, including Doshaguma. While massive and territorial, these fanged beasts are curiously sometimes sighted stalking the plains in aggressive packs. Meanwhile, the formidable amphibian Chatacabra uses its surroundings and adhesive saliva to become an even stronger adversary by armoring its body with natural materials like ore.

To help hunters meet the challenges that await in Monster Hunter Wilds, the beloved gameplay of the series has evolved with an arsenal of new features. Players will experience a seamless flow from story sequences to gameplay without interruption. To traverse this world’s sprawling environments, the game introduces Seikrets, a new type of mount. These nimble creatures can guide their riders to destinations and allow hunters to perform actions on the go, such as sharpening weapons, gathering materials, and wielding the slinger. Hunters can also swap to a secondary weapon with their Seikret, empowering hunting parties to adapt to the changing conditions out in the field without returning to base. All 14 of the series’ iconic weapon types return in Monster Hunter Wilds and have now evolved to include new actions. Additionally, the game introduces brand-new systems, such as Focus Mode, giving hunters more precise control over aiming, guarding, and attacking monsters’ weak points. The new Hook Slinger also offers hunters additional abilities, including contextual actions and the power to collect items from a distance – even when mounted atop their Seikret. Monster Hunter Wilds players who link their Monster Hunter: World save data can receive special bonus items. This includes the Felyne Leather Set (Palico Armor) and Felyne Acorn Spade (Palico Weapon) for linking Monster Hunter: World base game save data, and Felyne Duffel Set (Palico Armor) and Felyne Trekker Peckaxe (Palico Weapon) for linking save data from the title’s massive expansion Monster Hunter World: Iceborne.

[es46]

Another neopteran, this time based on potter wasps - WYRADIAL Title - Frigid insect Monster class - Neopteran Known locales - Deserts and savannah Element/ailment - Mucus + Ice Elemental weakness - Fire (3), Water (2), Thunder (1), Ice (1), Dragon (0) Ailment weakness - Poison (3), Paralysis (3), Blast (2), Stun (1), Sleep (0) Wyradial is a neopteran that inhabits desert regions, usually nesting close to grassland or oases. It is distinguished by its wasp-like appearance, with long sharp wings and a flexible stinger, and the dashing blue-and-yellow colouring of its exoskeleton. Its limbs are well-suited for handling debris, useful for building its caches, whilst the cutting mandibles hide a gland that excretes a thick mucus at surprising pressure. Wyradial's offspring are called Neoradials. In their larval state, they are mellow and slow in comparison to the high-octane adult. Lacking the developed features and ailments of Wyradial, Neoradials defend themselves by spitting a strong silk, encasing attackers in webbing to buy themselves time to dig to safety. An omnivore, there is nothing Wyradial won't gather in its single-minded pursuit of preparing for the future. Carrion, fruit, plants, tubers, fungi, bone, minerals - anything edible is collected by the neopteran and stored in the large caches it creates out of rock, mud and wood. Small burrows close to the cache host Wyradial's offspring, the Neoradials. These caches are vital for the neopteran and its brood to survive harsh dry seasons, and Wyradial will viciously defend them. Field workers are advised to steer clear of the cache; Wyradial will not hesitate to attack what it perceives to be a potential thief. Only when the neopteran is out foraging is it relatively docile, if only because it is too occupied with its work to bother with humans. The strong mucus Wyradial uses to craft its structures is also an effective defensive weapon, spat out onto foes to slow their movements and potentially let objects in the environment stick to them. If this fails, the neopteran brings its flexible stinger to bear and launches an icy residue. This can either be hardened on the stinger and shot as a bullet-like structure, or sprayed out in a mist that hardens on contact (incidentally, this icy residue is used to keep its cache cool, allowing it supplies to last for longer). Otherwise, Wyradial makes use of its flight to attack in hit-and-run styles, lashing out with its limbs and stinger. Predictably, creating a large cache loaded with food can attract enemies. The Neoradials are the first line of defence, keeping watch from their burrows and mobbing potential thieves with strands of webbing. Should this fail, they release pheromones that triggers a defensive response from any Wyradial close at hand. In addition, Wyradials tend to gather in groups; one can expect four or five adults within the same territory. They must be careful not to converge too closely, though, lest too many opportunists be drawn to the gathering. While not a particularly challenging monster (Low Rank - 1, High/Master Rank - 1), Wyradial nevertheless tests a hunter's skill with its speed and projectile attacks. Hunters should aim for the wings and its stinger, which can help disable its best options. Remove mucus as soon as possible, as Wyradial's icy residue will adhere tightly to it and heighten the chilling effect. Wyradials are threatened by a number of monsters; the amphibian Serencabra feeds on Neoradials, and may even kill an adult if it can. Even worse, the carapaceon Emverion is Wyradial's nemesis, dedicated to raiding its stores and taking all the neopteran's hard-earned food for itself. Only by working with others of their kind can Wyradial overcome these challenges. - Thank you for reading and take care.

[gabipaleo]

Venusaur - a giant, probably the largest amphibian alive today. They have a strong symbiosis with the plant on their back, the plant gains mobility and a better chance of reproduction, while the animal gets some of energy from photosynthesis. The adult Venusaurs "plants" the seeds on the back of the newborns, called "Bulbasaur". The young spend most of their time in the forest, but when the flower is ready to bloom, they move to grasslands to help the plants get more sunlight, they're then called "Ivysaurs". They feed on a variety of plants, such as grass and berries. Despite being amphibian they aren't closely related to any alive animal today.

[supremebirdbracket]

The last of the Tytonidae in the bracket! Who will go on to face off against the true owls?

Western barn owls live throughout Europe and much of Africa and the Arabian peninsula in a wide variety of habitats, but most especially favoring open woodland and grasslands. These owls mostly eat small mammals such as rodents and shrews, but will also eat birds, amphibians, lizards, and insects. They hunt by flying slowly over ground and pouncing when movement is detected. Western barn owls are usually monogamous, mating for life. After fledging, young remain with their parents for only about a month. Since barn owls have relatively high metabolic rates, they eat proportionally more rodents than other owls and are thereby appreciated by farmers as effective pest control.

Greater sooty owls live in the rainforests of New Guinea and southeast Australia. They mostly eat marsupials and rodents, though occasionally prey on birds, bats, and insects. They especially prefer arboreal prey. These beautiful owls are the largest member of the barn owl family. They are sometimes considered conspecific with the smaller lesser sooty owl.