Francisco Peralta Del Campo (1837-1897) - The old warrior, oil on panel, 30,5 x 21,3 cm. :: [Guillaume Gris]
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"In thinking about trauma and resilience as I reflect on what is unfolding in our world at this time: From the point of view of systems theory, systems that break down have the potential to reorganize themselves at a higher more robust level of functionality. The experience of breakdown can give one a very deep and optimistic view of the potential of others to grow from trauma, instead of being diminished. This is called post-traumatic growth and refers to the benefit from psychological changes that can be experienced as a result of the struggle with challenging life circumstances and can foster greater resilience. We have to remember that people who have survived trauma can come back transformed by the experience and see that suffering has made them more resilient rather than more fragile, with the ability to thrive in the present rather than being overwhelmed by the past. Beyond the ending of the old way of being, there is hope for the emergence of the new, and to imagine a future in which the wounds are still there, but in a form that makes one wiser and humbler and helps one to thrive."
In an exercise of contrafactual history, it is possible to imagine how an Estado Novo would look like in which the integralist projects had been successful and Vargas had been defeated. In the Program Manifest of AIB, in 1936, it can be seen how the political system would probably have been reassembled in more corporatist and authoritarian tones, at the same time as the power of the State would be expanded and an administrative rationalization would be performed. The autonomous trade unions/associations, the [regional] state powers and the left and democratic forces would be repressed and an attempt would be made to integrate the popular masses and the world of culture in the State. On this point it would probably not have been very different from what Vargas did.
The great difference would probably lie in what should be changed, given the integralist ideology, but could not be openly stated in the 1936 manifesto for electoral reasons. The new regime would have had a party to serve as a channel between the State, the leader and the popular masses (Integralist Action), bodies dedicated to mobilizing youth, like the “National Organization of Youth” (which had already been proposed in 1937 by Francisco Campos), would be created and, actually, all of society would be much more mobilized. Very probably, thanks to the influence of Reale, corporatism would be taken much more seriously, possibly going beyond Vargas’ labor laws, even if it is likely that in practice it would be the simple bureaucratic apparatus to control the workers that it became in Italian fascism.
In brief, an integralist State would be much closer to the standards of a real fascist State than the Vargas regime. The latter was called fascist by its opponents, but theoretically this is an unrealistic description. It was precisely to prevent the country from becoming fascist (with all the advantages, but also with all the resulting risks) that the leading elites supported the Estado Novo and allowed Integralism to be eliminated.
João Fábio Bertonha, “The corporatist thought in Miguel Reale: readings of Italian fascism in Brazilian integralismo”
Publicado en Acceso Abierto el volumen 25 (2022) de «Memoria y Civilización. Anuario de Historia», que incluye el dosier «Paisajes naturales y paisajes culturales durante la Modernidad: la Meseta meridional y el antiguo Reino de Murcia»
Publicado en Acceso Abierto el volumen 25 (2022) de «Memoria y Civilización. Anuario de Historia», que incluye el dosier «Paisajes naturales y paisajes culturales durante la Modernidad: la Meseta meridional y el antiguo Reino de Murcia»
El pasado 3 de noviembre se publicó en Acceso Abierto el volumen 25 (2022) de la revista Memoria y Civilización. Anuario de Historia (ISSN: 1139-0107; ISSN-e: 2254-6367), editada por el Departamento de Historia, Historia del Arte y Geografía de la Universidad de Navarra y dirigida por el Dr. Jesús M. Usunáriz. En esta ocasión contiene el dosier «Paisajes naturales y paisajes culturales durante la…
Dino Saluzzi nació en Campo Santo, provincia de Salta al norte de Argentina el 20 de mayo de 1935. Bandoneonista y uno de los compositores de mayor trayectoria internacional en la actualidad. Desde muy pequeño tuvo siempre presente la música salteña, se inicia a la edad de 7 años, primeramente por su padre, el folclorista Cayetano Saluzzi y luego con Cuchi Leguizamón y posteriormente para el…