#eye transplants

[justkidneying]

Why you can't actually transplant eyes (yet)

This one didn't win the poll, but someone specifically asked for this topic, so I'll write about it anyways. Also, as someone who is working towards being a trauma surgeon, this is a topic I'm really passionate about.

So, I think a lot of people have a misconception about whether or not it is possible to transplant eyes. We transplant a lot of other stuff, so why not eyes? Well, you can transplant pieces of the eye, like the cornea, the clear part at the front of your eye (which is avascular). You can also replace the lens with an artificial one (the lens is also avascular). This is how you can fix cataracts, just taking out the old shitty lens and putting in a clear new one. That procedure can be done in a clinic in like thirty minutes (which is fuckin crazy if you ask me).

But what we're talking about here is taking out the entire eyeball and replacing it with a donor eye. It sounds cool as hell, so why is it so hard? First off, the eye is a part of the central nervous system (the first two cranial nerves, are in fact part of the CNS, not the PNS). So the optic nerve (CN II) is what carries special sensory information to the dorsal brain (occipital lobe). To control eye movement, you have CN III, IV, and VI (oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves). The oculomotor nerve controls eye movement, pupil constriction, and the upper eyelid. The trochlear nerve controls movement of the eye downwards, outwards, or to the nose. The abducens nerve moves the eye outwards. Several other nerves are involved in keeping the gaze level with movement, visual tracking, and parasympathetic/sympathetic functions (rest and digest vs. fight or flight). The point is, eye nerves are complicated as hell.

The blood flow to parts of the eye is also very complicated, and is very difficult to properly reattach for full perfusion (esp the retina).

Now, onto the good parts. So the eye is what is called "immune privileged." This means it has protections against the immune function of the body (to avoid autoimmune attacks). The eye has no lymphatics, few immune cells, and immune suppressing chemicals. This makes it a great place for implants, as it is unlikely that the body will attack the foreign tissue (stem cell implants are becoming more common).

The first whole eye transplant was done about a year ago (November 2023), and so far the eye is still there with adequate blood flow. However, the guy can't actually see out of it. The surgery took 21 hours and involved a huge team of some of the best surgeons in the world. It was not an easy thing to do. They also implanted some stem cells with the optic tract in hopes to regenerate it, but that still hasn't restored vision in the eye. So, while this case is a major win in the area of eye transplants, there is still a ways to go.

So why do we even need to do so many eye transplants? Well, all kinds of things can lead to the loss of the eye, whether it be disease or trauma. Surgeons try very hard to keep the eyes in a patient, but that isn't always possible. Sometimes the tissue is too destroyed for repair or the damage causes permanent pain. Enucleation is the removal of the eye. Usually, as much of the optic nerve is left as possible, as well as the musculature. Possible options after healing include fake eyes (like glass ones), which can be crazy realistic and can be moved with the eye muscles.

I hope this was an interesting read, and thanks for reading my ramblings. I didn't feel like the typical post format would work for this one, and I like to imagine it like a bonus since it didn't win the poll, lol.

[buttfrovski]

ranting to myself about a certain- and i'm not naming names- character's post covid design

[mindblowingscience]

A team of surgeons in New York has performed the world's first transplant of an entire eye in a procedure widely hailed as a medical breakthrough, although it isn't yet known whether the man will ever see through the donated eye. The groundbreaking surgery involved removing part of the face and the whole left eye – including its blood supply and optic nerve – of a donor and grafting them onto a lineworker from Arkansas who survived a 7,200-volt electric shock in June 2021. Aaron James, 46, suffered extensive injuries including the loss of his left eye, his dominant left arm above the elbow, his nose and lips, front teeth, left cheek area and chin. He was referred to NYU Langone Health, a leading medical center for facial transplants, which carried out the procedure on May 27. Transplanting an entire eye has long been a holy grail of medical science, and though researchers have had some success in animals – where they have restored partial vision – it's never before been performed in a living person.

Continue Reading.

[sixpenceee]

Surgeons have performed the world's first eye transplant

read more here

[cordelias-toucan-husband]

i hope everyone in the naruto fandom understands how fucking wild rin's medical skills are. give her her fucking flowers she did fucking in the field eyeball surgery

[tinycowboybro]

me when the slippers the other caretaker gave Day had the toes exposed and it defeats the whole purpose of the slippers because Mhok gave Day the fish slippers so he could protect himself from stubbing his toe on the corner and it just shows how much detail Mhok took into consideration with Day, and of course the new caretaker didn’t have malicious intent but it shows how no one could ever be the same in that regard as Mhok because Mhok Loves Day and put that love into everything he did to care for him

[voodoo-economics]

say hello to this fucked up image of jerma i made

[horygory]

The Peripheral (2022)

[clown-eating-pig]

S1 Jon squinting all the time to disguise the fact that he has big beautiful brown cow eyes.

[nostalgia-tblr]

finally caught up a wee bit with dr who, i skipped the babies one cos it sounded terrible, went with the music episode.

good things: i like the doctor and the baddy was fun and clarose (i forgot her name twice now) is fine. also a very good episode for reaction images:

less good: i think i made a few of those faces myself while watching. what i assume was foreshadowing was pretty bad (had someone decided "one word repeated every episode" wasn't enough?). i am not sure why the doctor knew exactly what was happening, i don't mind that as an occasional plot device (they do know pretty much everything, after all) but it felt over done in this. why was there a music battle? why was there a song? WHY IS MURRAY GOLD BACK, HAD WE NOT AT LAST BANISHED HIM?

[tavina-writes]

currently trying to think if I remember any situations in Jin Yong wuxia where a family preferred sons over daughters (especially as like, a socially mandated thing) and coming up short.

Like I think there are plenty of situations where powerful men/families/sects only have one child and that child is a daughter. And this is neither weird, highly remarked upon, or considered odd in any way. Nor is anyone feeling pressed to come up with a son in the future.

Ren Yingying from XAJH, Yue Lingshan from XAJH, Huang Rong from LOCH, Guo Fu (from ROCH) for a good portion of her life (16 years of it, also Guo Fu wasn't displaced bc one of the twins was a boy, NOR were her parents trying to have more children on purpose), Yang Guo and XLN's daughter from ROCH/HSDS, Gongsun Lu'e from ROCH, etc.

Also their status range from like 'extremely important and visible family in the jianghu' to 'actually not all that well known' so it's not just a "well our family is powerful so who gives a fuck" kind of situation.

Like these are male dominated books, there are more men than there are women in Jin Yong's books (there are really cool women in his books though), but there's almost none 'oh no how will a girl inherit!' left beef. The girl will learn martial arts, like it's hard?

I think this is also relatively true of Gu Long books too, so at some points I'm left ??? at the discourse re: inheritance and gender in MDZS fandom bc I don't think it's actively stated anywhere that women aren't supposed to inherit? Or aren't allowed? or are less capable? or that there's a strong societal prejudice against it? Just. It's a danmei so most of these positions are occupied by men. Like, there are maybe five whole women and even less among the juniors. Who and how and why will they inherit if they don't exist.

[keratoconusgroup]

Don't rub your eyes!

[scipunk]

Blade Runner (1982)

==============

🌟 The X-MEN of Science: 🧬🔬 GENETICALLY ENGINEERED HUMANS

In our changing world, signs are pointing to the imminent arrival of genetically engineered humans. Similar to Blade Runner's Replicants, these beings mix artificial intelligence (AI) with bioengineering, blurring the line between human and machine… they have advanced cognitive abilities, emotions, and physical skills.

The term "genetically engineered humans" emphasizes the replication of human qualities through a blend of AI and bioengineering.

Imagine a future where head transplants, synthetic organs, and bionic eyes become integral parts of human augmentation.

The fusion of cutting-edge medical technologies with genetic programming is reshaping our understanding of what it means to be human.

[goongiveusnothing]

he's definitely had WORK done in between these photos which were done just a couple of days apart? maybe even a day apart?

it's hard to say because the photos have been taken in the light vs the dark but i do think he could've had fillers.

with his eyebrows, i don't even know if it's just botox. i actually wonder if he's had that cat eye face lift thing. his eyebrows are STRUNG UP. look at the difference between the placement of his eyebrows in both pics and how they turn sharply up now, instead of curving down like they normally have. look at how wide his own eyes look now versus how they did a couple of days before. maybe he wanted it as it gives him less space between his hairline? he looks CRAZY. very curious for more photos and updates on this situation as it develops LMAO

[aparticularbandit]

Okay, so. Something that's bothered me since learning about Ryoko is the eye color difference. Ryoko's eyes are red; Junko's eyes are blue.

One of them is clearly wearing contacts. But who?

The automatic assumption is Junko. Because let's be real, Ryoko would forget to wear whatever contacts Matsuda gave her - and then forget that she WAS wearing them, which wouldn't be great.

Wearing contacts is also an aspect of being a gyaru, so it would make sense for Junko to be wearing them.

But! What's more fun is this!

I debated whether Junko's true eye color should at all be related to Mukuro's. Mukuro's eye color, depending on image, is either gray or the same blue-grey as Junko's, even without contacts. As twins, I thought it would be cool if their eye colors matched. Even if they are fraternal twins.

However.

Mukuro and Junko both fall into the Red Oni, Blue Oni trope, Junko as red and Mukuro as blue. So it would make sense for Junko's natural eye color to reflect that in the same way that Mukuro's does.

So Junko is wearing contacts. The assumption holds. Why does this matter?

Because of all the colors she could choose for the eyes of her Junko Enoshima persona, she stole her sister's.

That's what matters.

[the-beholdening]

went to eye doctor today and one of the nurses said “uhh you’re Kinda Blind” . exact words. What can you do about this

I CAN'T DO ANYTHING, IT'S ALL UP TO YOU TO FIND A WORKING PAIR OF EYES AND ACQUIRE THEM.