#epithelial cell

[birdyverdie]

dude i have to wake up in 6 hours and im really tired but i have homework due in 9 hours that i know i will not wake up early enough to do so i have to do it right now

[bpod-bpod]

Mechanics of Dividing

Quantitative analysis of hundreds of epithelial cell divisions reveals the stresses and forces experienced at a particular phase of the cell cycle influence the orientation of cell division in the developing fruit fly embryo

Read the published research article here

Video from work by Guy B. Blanchard and Elena Scarpa, and colleagues

Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Development, May 2024

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[geese-villain]

scheduling a pee break in the middle of microscopy class to check the donmar announcement

[cursedauxiliary]

I can't fucking believe my mom genuinely thinks she has parasites inside of her jesus fucking christ, goes to the goddamn vitamin shop, "oh they laugh at you bc you have a conventional doctor" says the snakeoil seller, these fucking wormwood/black walnut pills are just gonna make you shit that's the fucking natural process

[ladythatsmyskull]

I’ve seen hundreds of these kind of videos and does NO ONE wear gloves when handling food?

[wandering-forestss]

trick or treat.. >:3

EEK! You've received 15 pieces of candy and a single squamous epithelial cell.

🍭🍬🍫🍭🍬🍭🍬🍫🍭🍭🍬🍬🍬🍭🍭

[kosheeka]

Epithelial and Endothelial Differences in the Function

Endothelial cells can regulate blood flow in the blood vessels, by releasing NO (vasodilator) to promote blood circulation and blood pressure regulation. Endothelial cells can also secrete a variety of proteins involved in hemostatic function.

Read more:- https://kosheeka.com/epithelial-and-endothelial-cells-how-do-they-differ/

[the-bio-babe]

immunofluorescence analysis from todays samples (endothelial gut cells)

[bpod-bpod]

Nurturing T cells

The organ in your chest called the thymus – where the immune system's T cells mature – is composed of a number of cell types, including epithelial cells, vital for T-cell development. This study characterises epithelial stem cells and reveals their capacity to self-renew and organise, providing insight for prolonging T-cell activity as it declines with ageing and for tackling thymic disorders

Read the published research paper here

Image from work by Roberta Ragazzini and colleagues

Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Developmental Cell, August 2023

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

[yourhealthissafe]

Complete urine analysis and its role in diagnosing diseases

[urosaketnarnoli]

Epithelial cells in urine, while normal in small amounts, may indicate urinary tract issues when elevated. Squamous, transitional, and renal tubular epithelial cells provide insights into potential health concerns. Monitoring and understanding their presence empower proactive urological well-being. For a comprehensive evaluation and guidance, consult a urologist if persistent or significantly elevated levels are observed.

[bestanimal]

Round 2 - Chordata - Chondrichthyes

(Sources - 1, 2, 3, 4)

Chondrichthyes is a class of jawed fish, commonly called “cartilaginous fish” due to their skeletons composed mainly of cartilage, making them distinct from all other vertebrates. They are comprised of the superorders Selachimorpha (“Sharks”), Batoidea (“Rays”), and Holocephalimorpha (“Chimaeras”).

Chondrichthyans breath through gills but lack opercula (gill coverings) and swim bladders. They have paired fins, paired nares (nostrils), and placoid (tooth-shaped) scales (except for electric rays, which have loose, soft skin). These placoid scales, also called dermal denticles, provide protection and streamlining, giving the animal’s skin a sandpaper-y feel. All chondrichthyans breathe through five to seven pairs of gills, depending on the species. As a general rule, pelagic species usually must keep swimming to keep oxygenated water moving through their gills, while demersal species can actively pump water in through their spiracles (a small hole or slit behind each eye) and out through their gills. Most larger, pelagic species no longer have spiracles. Chondrichthyans have many sensory organs to perceive the world around them. Their nostrils are attached to powerful olfactory organs. Around their face are a network of electroreceptors called Ampullae of Lorenzini, which allow them to sense electrical fields. Their lateral line has modified epithelial cells which sense motion, vibration, and pressure in the water around them. However, their sound-detecting apparatus has limited range and is typically more powerful at lower frequencies. Some species have electricity-producing organs which can be used for defense and predation. Chondrichthyans have a diverse array of shapes and sizes, ranging from the 10 cm (3.9 in) long, electric Finless Sleeper Ray (Temera hardwickii) to the over 10 m (33 ft) long Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus). All species are carnivores: some predatory, some ambush-hunters, and some filter-feeders. At least one species is omnivorous. Chondrichthyans have internal fertilization and most species give live birth, while some lay eggs. There is no parental care after birth, though some chondrichthyans do guard their eggs.

Chondrichthyans are considered to have evolved from Acanthodians, which appear from the Early Silurian. The first sharks began to evolve in the Devonian Period, though, while often claimed to be relatively unchanged, modern forms did not start appearing until the Early Jurassic.

Propaganda under the cut:

Mentioned briefly above, the Bonnethead Shark (Sphyrna tiburo), a small species of hammerhead, is the only shark known to be omnivorous. While it feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, and small fish, it also ingests large amounts of seagrass, which has been found to make up around 62% of gut content mass.

Also mentioned briefly above, Electric Rays (order Torpediniformes) are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge, ranging from 8 to 220 volts, depending on species, used to stun prey and for defense.

There are over 500 different species of sharks, and only a dozen could be considered dangerous to humans. That being said, of those 12, most do not seem to like the taste of human flesh, and bites are usually accidental or exploratory.

Many pelagic chondrichthyans occasionally breach, leaping out of the water. This can be done for hunting purposes, as a mating ritual, to shake off parasites, or even just for fun!

Today, all species of Sawfish (family Pristidae) are critically endangered. However, they were relatively common in the Cretaceous, where they were likely a common food source for Spinosaurus.

(Confusingly, Sawfish are a type of ray while Sawsharks (order Pristiophoriformes) are a type of shark. Sawsharks live in the deep sea and are rarely seen, while sawfish live in coastal and brackish waters.)

Kitefin Sharks (family Dalatiidae) have bioluminescent organs which glow blue in the dark

Chimaeras have a strange pair of teeth in their lower jaw which look like rodent incisors, giving them the common names “ratfish” or “rabbitfish.”

Great White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are regularly hunted by orcas, and when one is confronted by an orca it will generally flee and not return to that area for up to a year.

Manta Rays (genus Mobula) are incredibly smart. They were the first “fish” in the world to pass the “mirror test” (ie show self-awareness by recognizing themselves in a mirror rather than seeing the reflected image as another manta ray). They also have highly-developed long-term memory, form friendships, and play with each other by blowing bubbles and breaching out of the water.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Reference saved in our archive

Two cannabinoids work to keep covid from infecting cells. From 2022. Whish there was more or newer study about this.

Abstract

As a complement to vaccines, small-molecule therapeutic agents are needed to treat or prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, which cause COVID-19. Affinity selection–mass spectrometry was used for the discovery of botanical ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cannabinoid acids from hemp (Cannabis sativa) were found to be allosteric as well as orthosteric ligands with micromolar affinity for the spike protein. In follow-up virus neutralization assays, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid prevented infection of human epithelial cells by a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevented entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Importantly, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid were equally effective against the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant B.1.1.7 and the beta variant B.1.351. Orally bioavailable and with a long history of safe human use, these cannabinoids, isolated or in hemp extracts, have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2.