#daniel maccabee
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hitchell-mope · 8 months ago
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Good film. Incredibly cheesy sometimes. But still. Good film.
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preacherpollard · 5 months ago
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Controversial Prophesy Alert
Dale Pollard Daniel 8  Daniel prophesied of the Persian and Greek eras of Israelite history. The angel interpreted that for us, so there’s no mystery there. That mean man of the Diadochi, Antiochus Epiphanes, is described with his persecution lasting 2300 days. It was concluded by the Rededication of the Temple by Judas Maccabee, and that day became the Jewish Festival of Lights (John…
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ultrachoppedpenguinbouquet · 10 months ago
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Alexander the Great in the Bible
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short-wooloo · 15 days ago
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Jedi Chanukah
An idea came to my mind
I've seen a number of posts which highlight parallels between the Jedi and Judaism, even beyond the more obvious
being that we are around the time of Chanukah, it got me thinking
as I understand the origins of Chanukah in its most basic sense, the Holiday came about from the Maccabean Revolt, where the Jewish rebels defeated the Seleucid Greek empire and kicked them out of Judea
what does this have to do with the Jedi?
well aside from the basic concept of Rebels defeated an empire, there is something else I have noticed
During the Seleucids occupation of Judea, they attempted to quash Judaism in the land, outlawing the faith and trying to enforce Hellenization by converting the Temple of Jerusalem into one for Zeus, while also having pigs be slaughtered for sacrifice there, all and all very petty and cruel attempts to hurt those of the Jewish faith
there are some interesting parallels to this in SW
Now obviously Emperor Palpatine and his Empire made the Jedi faith/culture illegal, murdering and persecuting the Jedi (with help from Jedi traitors Vader/the inquisitors, another parallel as the story goes there were Jews who collaborated with the Seleucids), but it doesn't stop there
in the disney eu canon, Palpatine takes a page right out of the Seleucid handbook in his defilement of the Jedi Temple, not only did his forces assault this sacred place and murder its inhabitants, Palpatine turned this temple-a place of faith, learning, and knowledge-and made it into his personal palace
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revolting, and considering how the sith narcissistically see themselves as gods, it nicely lines up with how the Seleucids took the Jewish Temple and made it an alter to their gods, Palpatine made the Jedi Temple into a temple of his own self worship
now what has happened to Jedi temple after Palpatine's death and the empire's fall has not been revealed as of yet (here's hoping for the Rey Jedi Order movie), but I believe there is a chance to further mirror the story of Chanukah here
as the story goes, after the Seleucids were kicked out, the Maccabees went about with some house cleaning, liberating the Temple in Jerusalem, getting rid of all the greek god stuff and rededicating the Temple to its original purpose, and along the way experiencing a miracle which would birth a central part of Chanukah
What if we get something similar in SW with the Jedi? After Rise of Skywalker, Rey and her reestablished Jedi Order reclaim and return to the Jedi Temple of Coruscant, cleansing it of Palpatine's dark influence/stain and rededicating it to its purpose as the Jedi's home and center of learning
and maybe along the way a new tradition develops in the Jedi Order, a commemoration of their return to their ancient home
So in short
Lightsaber Menorah
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pharmaciacatholica · 18 days ago
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The Bible is not a historical (compilation of) book(s), it's a theological book. There are some things that cannot be taken literally. They should be read theologically, spiritually.
While reading it, you can see that there are parts that have historical inaccuracies in the Old Testament, I mean, they don't match with other historical events, small details like the names of emeprors. There are things that don't exactly agree within the different books of the Old Testament.
Don't get me wrong. I know and believe God created everything that exists, but there's a reason why the Catholic priest Georges Lamaître made the Big Bang theory, and why the Catholic friar Gregor Mendel made the laws of genetics. Is there something I'm not getting?
Yes, there is a lot you are not getting. Especially based on the follow up ask you sent me while I was getting ready to respond to this.
The Bible is not a historical (compilation of) book(s), it's a theological book.
The Sacred Scriptures are a compilation of book of various genres. The Old Testament consists of forty-six books. Twenty-one historical books, containing the account of the creation of the universe and the history of the patriarchs and the Jewish nation. Seven didactic books, containing collections of psalms, wise sayings, and rules of life. Eighteen prophetical books, containing prophecies as well as instructions or admonitions.
The Historical texts are: the five books of Moses, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, the four books of Kings, the two Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Tobit, Judith, Esther, the two books of the Maccabees.
The didactic texts are: Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom, Sirach.
The prophetic texts are: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Johan, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
We get these groupings from the collective writings of the Church Fathers and the Tradition (capital T). (x)
here are some things that cannot be taken literally. They should be read theologically, spiritually.
This is a fundamental misunderstanding of what the literal sense of Scripture is. The Catechism summarizes the Church's teaching on the different senses of Scripture in paragraphs 115-119:
115 According to an ancient tradition, one can distinguish between two senses of Scripture: the literal and the spiritual, the latter being subdivided into the allegorical, moral and anagogical senses. The profound concordance of the four senses guarantees all its richness to the living reading of Scripture in the Church.
116 The literal sense is the meaning conveyed by the words of Scripture and discovered by exegesis, following the rules of sound interpretation: "All other senses of Sacred Scripture are based on the literal." (x)
117 The spiritual sense. Thanks to the unity of God's plan, not only the text of Scripture but also the realities and events about which it speaks can be signs.
The allegorical sense. We can acquire a more profound understanding of events by recognizing their significance in Christ; thus the crossing of the Red Sea is a sign or type of Christ's victory and also of Christian Baptism.
The moral sense. The events reported in Scripture ought to lead us to act justly. As St. Paul says, they were written "for our instruction".
The anagogical sense (Greek: anagoge, "leading"). We can view realities and events in terms of their eternal significance, leading us toward our true homeland: thus the Church on earth is a sign of the heavenly Jerusalem.
118 A medieval couplet summarizes the significance of the four senses: The Letter speaks of deeds; Allegory to faith; The Moral how to act; Anagogy our destiny.
119 It is the task of exegetes to work, according to these rules, towards a better understanding and explanation of the meaning of Sacred Scripture in order that their research may help the Church to form a firmer judgement. For, of course, all that has been said about the manner of interpreting Scripture is ultimately subject to the judgement of the Church which exercises the divinely conferred commission and ministry of watching over and interpreting the Word of God.
The entirety of Holy Writ is to be taken literally. Not all of the books are meant to be taken as historical. This I have shown, and it does not contradict.
While reading it, you can see that there are parts that have historical inaccuracies in the Old Testament, I mean, they don't match with other historical events, small details like the names of emeprors. There are things that don't exactly agree within the different books of the Old Testament.
I do not have the time to go through and scrounge up all of the answers to any supposed contradictions contained within the Old Testament, at least not right now (typing this at 1 am). I think it is sufficient to point out that, as a Catholic, you are bound under pain of mortal sin to believe in Scriptural inerrancy with divine and catholic faith.
From Pope Leo XIII:
"So far is it from being possible that any error can co-exist with inspiration, that inspiration not only is essentially incompatible with error, but excludes and rejects it as absolutely and necessarily as it is impossible that God Himself, the supreme Truth, can utter that which is not true. This is the ancient and unchanging faith of the Church."
Providentissimus Deus
Reiterated by Pope Pius XII:
“For as the substantial Word of God became like to men in all things, ‘except sin,’ so the words of God, expressed in human language, are made like to human speech in every respect, except error”
Divino Afflante Spiritu
From the Second Vatican Council:
"Since, therefore, all that the inspired authors, or sacred writers, affirm should be regarded as affirmed by the Holy Spirit, we must acknowledge that the books of Scripture firmly, faithfully and without error, teach that truth which God, for the sake of our salvation, wished to see confided to the sacred Scriptures."
Dei Verbum
There is much much more but I believe I've made my point on this matter. Next...
Don't get me wrong. I know and believe God created everything that exists
Nice, we agree!
but there's a reason why the Catholic priest Georges Lamaître made the Big Bang theory
I don't really understand the point here. I have known of Father Lamaitre and him being the "inventor" of the big bang theory for a while but I have never read it. Regardless, he is held to the same scrutiny and standard as everyone else is by both what I have already here laid out and what Pope Pius XII lays out in Humani Generis. I cannot say if he does or not, I have not read it, but a singular priest is not really an authority. This is especially true in the realm of the physical sciences.
and why the Catholic friar Gregor Mendel made the laws of genetics
Same principle as before regarding the authority of an individual priest that is not Your (royal you) pastor. I am also not familiar with this particular work, but I don't see a contradiction with the Faith at all on its face. I believe in genetics. I don't think you understand what macroevolution is as a concept.
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the-mercy-workers · 2 years ago
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The Spiritual Works of Mercy
1. Counsel the doubtful. "For I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole purpose of God"- Acts 20:27
2. Instruct the ignorant. "Those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the sky, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever."- Daniel 12:3
3. Admonish the sinner. "Convince, rebuke, and encourage, with the utmost patience in teaching."- 2 Timothy 4:2
4. Comfort the afflicted. "Care for orphans and widows in their affliction"- James 1:27
5. Forgive offences. "When you stand to pray, forgive anyone against whom you have a grievance, so that your heavenly Father may in turn forgive you your transgressions."- Mark 11:25
6. Bear wrongs patiently. "Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you and utter every kind of evil against you because of me."- Matthew 5:11
7. Pray for the living and the dead. "Thus he made atonement for the dead that they might be absolved from their sin."- 2 Maccabees 12:46
The Corporal Works of Mercy
1. Feed the hungry. "For I was hungry and you gave me food"- Matthew 25:35
2. Give drink to the thirsty. "I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink"- Matthew 25:35
3. Clothe the naked. "I was naked and you gave me clothing"- Matthew 25:36
4. House the homeless. "I was a stranger and you welcomed me"- Matthew 25:35
5. Visit the imprisoned. "I was in prison and you visited me"- Matthew 25:36
6. Visit the sick. "I was sick and you took care of me"- Matthew 25:36
7. Bury the dead. "and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the breath returns to God who gave it"- Ecclesiastes 12:7
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altneuland · 1 year ago
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It's Hanukkah in a few days, which means.. it's time to talk about Hanukkah lore.
first, I want you to erase everything you know about hanukah.
Days Of Hanukkah
Hanukkah is known to be the celebration of light, happiness and victory.
But in reality, the story of hanukkah is much darker.
Kingdom of Hashmonai 
Human name: Daniel Ben Yosef
Human age: 18
religion: Cohenity Judaism (early Judaism)
National languages: Hebrew, Aramic, Greek
Independent: 104 BC - 63 AC (but actually 77 years)*
PROLOGUE 
Greek takeover 
When Ancient Greece took over the area, they brought with them Hellenism, which already influenced Daniel. Daniel’s opinion about Hellenism was neutral. Most Jews didn’t mind Hellenism, as long as it peacefully coexisted with Judaism, and it did. 
Cohenity take over 
The Greek empire owed a lot of money to Rome, and the great Cohen’s brother back then, he knew. He offered the king of the areal Hellenic kingdom a lot of money in exchange for making him the Cohen. 
Judaism is highly against such a thing. Since then people noticed that they could buy the great Cohen’s seat and started paying more and more, which led to inside-wars between Cohens, Levians and activists. 
The Cohens who kept taking over the seats happened to be pro-Hellenism, which made Hellenism look bad in the eyes of the radical activists. It didn’t change Daniel’s opinion, though. But he did lose his trust towards his Cohens. 
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Act i: Hanukkah 
The Hellenic oppression 
The internal wars inside Judea made them not pay taxes to Greece, which made the king very mad. He came to Judea and demanded the Jews to do very sinful things such as eat pig or work on Shabbat, as well as change their names and such things. 
Daniel was mad, and started a revolution. The revolution started from inside, against the current Cohen who brought that on him. 
Maccabee 
Maccabee is a Jewish movement that started at those days, their goal was to liberate the Jews from Hellenic oppression. Hashmonai Family, a well known family of activists, started it. They led the revolution, but it mostly failed. 
Independence 
When the Hashmonai family realized that the revolution failed, one of the members of this family physically went to the king and begged for liberation. The king got convinced and let the Jews have their own country. 
The Maccabees came back to Jerusalem and cleaned the holy temple from all the dirt and sins that the hellenics did. It made them and Daniel so happy they celebrated for 8 days, which is also the same 8 days of Hanukkah. 
Daniel felt like things are getting back to order, he's independent again. but the little he knew about what’s going to happen. 
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Act ii: Hashmonai 
The civil war continues 
Hashmonai is now an independent kingdom, but the Hashmonai family decided to make Cohenity one with the royal family, the citizens of Hashmonai hate this decision, and revolt once again. 
Daniel started to rethink his own religion, and new groups of new religions started to pop, as an alternative to the current Cohenity Judaism. Christianity is one of them. Groups are starting to rewrite some books and write new books, the Talmud and  the Mishna. 
Daniel thought this situation is just temporary, and Levi soon will get his power in the temple again. But as soon as he thought so, Hashmonai massacred everyone who attempted to stop the royal family, including levians. Levi, the last tribe to exist as a tribe of Israel was killed, and it officially ended Daniel’s hope for the temple, his nation and his religion. 
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The changes in Judaism
When Levi Died, Daniel realized he won’t be able to continue in the same path anymore. A group of all groups, called haPrushim, were the leading group of the new Judaism. They believed that all Jews should be able to read, write and own their own Bible copy. Since then only a Levian could, but Levi is now dead. This is temporary, until a new alternative to Levi or if there are still Levians alive somewhere, they could take back their place once they can. 
Daniel preferred this alternative over the others, which helped this one become the main Judaism branch today. 
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Act iii: Roman Empire 
Roman Empire stepping in
Now Rome is in charge, Rome doesn’t mind most of the wars inside Hashmonai, but when it becomes too brutal they step in. Rome wants quiet in their territory, that’s their strategy. They cross most leaders (Jesus is one of them), and it escalates as the Jews fight back more. 
Daniel wants this to end, so he goes to Rome and asks him to Assassinate the Hashmonai family. Rome is happy to do so, and he does. Hashmonai loses independence as it happens. 
Rome was mad with Daniel for being such a pain in the ass, so he started forcing him to do such things as eat pig and work on Shabbat, again. But this time Daniel was tired. He didn’t revolt.
Bar kochva revolt
Bar Kochva is a radical guy that Daniel, as well as most of the nation, didn't agree with. He worked alone. He required a small army and tried to fight the Romans. Daniel joined him; he thought he had nothing to lose anyways. But his mistake escalated everything really fast. 
End of ancient Israel
As a punishment Rome cut Daniel’s hair. He knew how much Daniel cares about it. He destroyed the temple, and then kicked Daniel away from Judea to Europe, he changed Judea’s name after a nation in the Bible which is Hebrew means “Invaders”. The name that Daniel used to call other ancient nations as a mockery is now against him. Also, Rome stole a lot of things from the temple, including the great menorah. 
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The days of Daniel as ancient Israel (before the kingdom of Israel to the after kingdom of Hashmonai) is now officially over. Daniel now started his Exile era, and after the exile era, the Modern era. 
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majingojira · 1 year ago
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Hearing the US Speaker of the House...
Talk about how he believes that the law of the United States was founded on Biblical Principles and Bible teachings, I have the urge to ask him: Which Bible? See, not many people know this, but different denominations/sects of Christianity have different books in their copies of the Bible. The biggest difference is that Catholic Bibles have more books in them -- Maccabees 1 and 2, Tobit, Judith, Sirach, Wisdom, and Baruch. On top of that, the books of Daniel and Esther are slightly longer in the Catholic and Orthodox sects in comparison to Protestant Bibles.
That's a lot of differences, and that can alter the meaning of things. So, when a man gets up and says "The United States was founded on Biblical Principles!" Ask him Which Bible.
Because he doesn't understand that the US was specifically founded NOT on a Bible to avoid sectarian violence. Let these fools invite what they sew earlier than they expect.
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thatscarletflycatcher · 1 year ago
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an old post but a lot of protestant bibles do include the deuterocanon, they are just labelled as apocrypha so people know they aren't canon
Hi, anon! An old post? Is it even a month old? XD
You are right about this -I did meant the whole thing as a bit of a lighthearted joke. But I also think it is true that because they are labeled as apocrypha, they are not really read, generally speaking, and that's what the "they don't even have Judith" meme was going for. But I'm curious now, so let's make a poll:
*I am aware that there's more books that are accepted as canonical between Orthodox Christians, but that would make the poll much more complicated.
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mariacallous · 21 days ago
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Hundreds of Jewish New Yorkers gathered amid beautifully decorated Christmas trees at Gracie Mansion, Mayor Eric Adams’ residence, for a pre-Hanukkah celebration feting several local Jews and charities.
In prepared remarks, the new Jewish commissioner of the NYPD, Jessica Tisch — whose introduction was met with applause by the packed room — referenced the Hanukkah story, calling Adams — who earlier that day lost a bid to reduce the number of charges he faces as part of a federal corruption indictment — “a light in our community.”
Those receiving awards, honors and citations included Lizzy Savetsky, an Orthodox Jewish influencer in Manhattan known for her pro-Israel content, and four Jewish college students from across the city recognized for their work fighting antisemitism and amplifying Jewish pride on their campuses — Tali Dardashti from New York University, Danielle Babaev from Queens College, Maya Gavriel from Baruch College and Noam Woldenberg from Columbia University.
Guests — including actor and pro-Israel influencer Zach Sage Fox, CEO of UJA-Federation Eric Goldstein and Israeli Consul General in New York Ofir Akunis — circulated from room to room, with many opting to enjoy the unseasonably warm December temperatures on the patio. Richie Taylor, the barrier-breaking Orthodox NYPD deputy chief, was among many uniformed police offers at the event.
On the menu? A smorgasbord of Hanukkah fare and kosher bites which, several signs noted, came courtesy of the Mendy’s outpost at the Jewish Children’s Museum. The spread included latkes with applesauce and sufganiyot, beef lo mein, and chicken shawarma. The wines were Israeli, and assorted flavors of seltzer were also on offer.
A mayoral Hanukkah party is an annual tradition that dates back to Michael Bloomberg’s administration — he put on swanky affairs typically held at the Museum of Jewish Heritage. But Bloomberg was hardly the first New York City mayor to celebrate the Festival of Lights: During David Dinkins’ administration in the early 1990s, there was a menorah lighting ceremony that took place on the steps of City Hall with a cantor, a rabbi, and students from a Jewish school singing together.
In his brief remarks to the crowded ballroom — where many guests shushed their talkative neighbors in order to hear above the din — Adams recalled his visits to Krakow and Rome’s Jewish ghetto. Saying that hatred cannot simply be willed away, he said that as mayor of the city with the largest population of Jews, he and his administration are going “to do [their] part” to fight antisemitism.
“We’re committed to rid our city of any form of hate, antisemitism, hate against Sikhs, hate against African Americans, Islamophobia — hate against any other group,” Adams said.
“We will stand tall together,” he continued. “I want to be extremely clear on this Hanukkah: Eric Leroy Adams is a modern-day Maccabee.”
Other honorees of the evening included Rabbi Boruch Ber Bender from the Achiezer Community Resource Center, which deals with crisis management; Achim B’Yachad, which provides the services of Chai Lifeline for Hasidic families dealing with serious illness or loss; and Chazaq, which seeks to provide Jewish education to Jews of all ages.
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hitchell-mope · 8 months ago
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It took them long enough.
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lauralot89 · 2 years ago
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How many books are in your Bible?
Somehow I ended up on the Wikipedia page for Biblical canon and now my head hurts so I'm throwing all of you into the rabbit hole with me.
All Christian denominations share the same twenty-seven books of the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessolonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1 2 and 3 John, Jude, and Revelation. (The Orthodox Tewahedo Church has an additional eight books, but they are not considered part of the Bible itself, just the broader religious canon.)
However, the Old Testament is where it gets complicated.
The Tanakh contains twenty four books divided into three sections: The Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. The Torah contains Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The Nevi'im contains Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuh, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The Ketuvim contains Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah, and Chronicles.
The Protestant Old Testament took the canon of the Tanakh, divided some books into two and added another book, making a total of 39 books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicle, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon (also called Song of Songs), Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuh, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. Combing the Old and New Testaments, Protestant Bibles have 66 books.
The Catholic Bible includes the same 39 books as the Protestant Bible, with an additional seven books called the Deuterocanon: Tobit, Judith, Baruch, Sirach, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and Wisdom. Additionally, the books Esther and Daniel in the Catholic Bible contain more text than their Protestant counterparts. In total, the Catholic Bible has 73 books, 46 of those being the Old Testament.
The Greek Orthodox Bible includes the 46 books of the Catholic Old Testament, with an additional three: Prayer of Manasseh, 1 Esdras, and 3 Maccabees. Also, while the Protestant and Catholic Bibles contain 150 Psalms, the Greek Orthodox has 151. In total, the Greek Orthodox Bible contains 76 books.
The Slavonic Orthodox and Georgian Orthodox Bibles contain the same books as the Greek Orthodox.
The Armenian Apostolic Bible contains 50 Old Testament books: The 49 books in the Greek Orthodox Bible, and one other: 2 Esdras. This Bible contains Psalm 151. The Armenian Apostolic Bible contains 77 total books.
The Syrian Orthodox Old Testament has 48 books: All the books of the Catholic Old Testament with the additions of Prayer of Manasseh and 3 Maccabees. This Bible contains Psalm 151. The Syrian Orthodox Bible contains 75 total books.
The Coptic Orthodox Bible has 47 Old Testament books: All the books of the Catholic Old Testament with Prayer of Manasseh added. This Bible contains Psalm 151. The Coptic Orthodox Bible contains 74 books.
The Orthodox Tewahedo Bible is the canon for both the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. This Bible has the 39 Protestant Old Testament Books, and the additional books Jubilees, Enoch, Meqabyan, Ezra Sutuel, Tobith, and Judith. This Bible contains Psalm 151, and the books 2 Chronicles and Jeremiah are extended. The Orthodox Tewahedo Bible contains 73 books.
The Assyrian Church of the East has the 46 books of the Catholic Old Testament, plus two: Prayer of Manasseh and 3 Macabees. This Bible contains Psalm 151, and Baruch is extended. The Assyrian Church of the East Bible contains 75 books.
I hope this information serves you well if you ever end up on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire or something one day
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manicpixiedreamjew · 2 years ago
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jews :
what is your interpretation of the book of Daniel? also, have yoy ever read maccabees 1&2 and what did you think about it?
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angeltreasure · 2 years ago
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Hi I have a couple genuine catholic questions that if you don't mind could you answer?
What bible do catholics use?
How do you know that the bible you use is the right one?
And why is the Latin mass in Latin?
Hi! No worries, I love questions. 😊 I am no scholar but I’ll try my best to answer.
What Bible do Catholics use?
The Bible Catholics use is called the canon. The Catholic canon contains a total of 73 books and letters vs the Protestant Bible which only has 66.
The canon Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Tobit, Judith, Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom, Sirach, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
If that’s a lot to process here is a photo to organize that:
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The canon New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation.
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How do you know that the Bible you use is the right one?
As Catholics, we know any Bible which contains any of the canon books is good to use but also be mindful of translations! For example, I personally stay away from ones that are harder to understand like King James and that one that Joyce Meyer sometimes uses called the Amplified Bible where it adds words that weren’t there before.
How did the canon come about? “In about 367 AD, St. Athanasius came up with a list of 73 books for the Bible that he believed to be divinely inspired. This list was finally approved by Pope Damasus I in 382 AD, and was formally approved by the Church Council of Rome in that same year. Later Councils at Hippo (393 AD) and Carthage (397 AD) ratified this list of 73 books. In 405 AD, Pope Innocent I wrote a letter to the Bishop of Toulouse reaffirming this canon of 73 books. In 419 AD, the Council of Carthage reaffirmed this list, to which Pope Boniface agreed. The Council of Trent, in 1546, reaffirmed St. Athanasius’s original list of 73 books.” In the 16th century, around the year 1517, Martin Luther established the Protestant reformation. Disliking some of the books found in the canon when creating his new concept of theology and Sola scriptura (meaning by scripture alone), Martin Luther took out Sirach, Wisdom, Tobit, 1 Maccabees, Judith, additions to Daniel, and Esther.
Sooo why do we have the canon as Catholics? Our Catechism of the Catholic Church says:
“105 God is the author of Sacred Scripture. “The divinely revealed realities, which are contained and presented in the text of Sacred Scripture, have been written down under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.” “For Holy Mother Church, relying on the faith of apostolic age, accepts as sacred and canonical the books of the Old and the New Testaments, whole and entire, with all their parts, on the grounds that, written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, they have God as their author and have been handed on as such to the Church herself.” - #105, page 36. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition.
Catholicism is the original church established by Jesus Christ on the day of Pentecost. I love the canon and tradition.
Why is the Latin Mass in Latin?
The Latin Mass is in the language of Latin for a few reason. Once widely spoken long ago, it is now a dead language. To this day it is still the official language of the Church. Using Latin preserves the Latin Rite’s words from being changed in error that we can find in changes to vernacular languages especially English. Here is a neat article if you want to read more about it.
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short-wooloo · 1 year ago
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From Jediism to Judaism: Star Wars as Jewish Allegory, by Daniel Perez
A look at some of the Jewish elements – coincidental or otherwise – of Star Wars.
A long time ago in a place far, far away...
It is a period of civil war. A new government has declared the practice of the old faith a crime punishable by death, disbanding an ancient order of sages and sending many into exile. Rebel fighters, striking from a hidden base, have won their first major victory against the evil Empire, stirring a spirit of defiance among the populace. Outarmed and vastly outnumbered, the ragtag band of rebels – aided by an all-powerful, all-permeating Force that binds together all life in the universe – remain the only hope for restoring peace and freedom to their people.
It's one of the greatest epics known to mankind. No, not Star Wars. The above synopsis is actually the story of Hanukkah, the eight-day Jewish festival that commemorates a miraculous victory of Israelite insurgents against the tyrannical Seleucid Empire roughly 2,200 years ago.
With Star Wars Episode VII set to premiere in just a few short weeks, I got to thinking about how certain aspects of the Star Wars universe are eerily similar to the history, beliefs, and teachings of the Jews. Now George Lucas did not set out to create a fantasy universe full of Jewish references, but the connections are nevertheless there. So let's put the “Han” back in Hanukkah (Harrison Ford, by the way, technically a member of the tribe) and look at some of the Jewish elements – coincidental or otherwise – of Star Wars.
A Galaxy of Hebrew Names
The heroes of the Star Wars series are members of a “rebel alliance,” basically Maccabees in outer space. It's right there in the name: Jedi. The Hebrew letter yud is often anglicized as a “J,” and syllables occasionally get dropped in translation. Hence, a Biblical name like “Yehoshua” makes its way into English as “Joshua.” It's not much of a stretch to see how “Jedi” can be derived the original Hebrew word for Jew, “Yehudi.”
Remember Luke Skywalker's Jedi rebbe, Grand Master Yoda? Is it just me, or is his peculiar syntax reminiscent of someone whose first language is Yiddish (“Yodish”)? More to the point, his name sounds a lot like “yada,” the Hebrew word meaning “to know.”
And how about those Skywalkers? Luke Skywalker might sound like a gentile name, but that name was clearly chosen to alliterate with his twin sister Leia (Leah). Also keep in mind that their parents were an interfaith couple. The father, Anakin Skywalker, played by the unmistakably un-Jewish Hayden Christensen, tried to convert to Jediism, but as we know he ultimately turned to the Dark Side instead. Their mother was Queen Amidala, portrayed by the beautiful and talented Israeli-born actress Natalie Portman. Suffice it to say their marriage did not end well, and it wasn't until much later in life that their children discovered their Jedi-ish identity.
Learning Academy
When an aspiring Jedi Knight goes to the Academy, he or she must complete what is essentially an apprenticeship with one more learned in Jediism than they are. Similarly, a future rabbi's yeshiva experience will consist largely of chavruta learning (studying with a partner – lit. “friendship”). Fun fact: The name for a young, unmarried yeshiva student, “bochur,” actually means “chosen” (as in “The Chosen People”). The idea of a foretold “Chosen One” who would “restore balance to the Force” was a theme running throughout the Star Wars films, wherein Anakin Skywalker was recognized for his extraordinary potential as a Jedi. As mentioned above, he went “off the derech” and became the villainous Darth Vader. In Return of the Jedi, however, Vader/Skywalker fulfills the “prophecy” when he does teshuvah (our term for repentance, which literally means “return.” Whoa. Return of the Jedi!), thwarting Emperor Palpatine to save his son's life, and ultimately, the galaxy.
Of course, if you tell a young rabbi-in-training that he is the “Chosen One,” it sounds cool and dramatic and is technically true, but then, the same can be said of all of his classmates.
While the Star Wars films don't feature Jedi trainees delving into sacred texts (it doesn't make for the most exciting movie montage), some of the greatest rabbinic books of ethics and Jewish philosophy would be right at home in any Jedi library. “Duties of the Heart,” “The Path of the Just”....tell me these don't sound like the reading list for a hero of the Light Side.
The Force
While Jediism isn't a theistic religion per se, its practitioners do teach of a Force that, in the words of Reb Obi-Wan Kenobi "...is what gives a Jedi his power. It's an energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us and penetrates us; it binds the galaxy together." That almost sounds like some sort of Chasidic teaching – just replace “energy field” with “entity” or “consciousness,” and “created by,” with “that creates,” and what you have starts to come across less like new age hippie talk and more like an introduction to Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism.
One idea that devout Jews of all stripes share, is that God, the creative “Force” that sustains all, is the source of a Jew's power. “Ein od milvado,” there is none besides Him. The Jew expresses his or her connection to the universe by striving for an ever closer relationship with its Creator.
Another aspect of Jedi belief is the notion of balance, the idea that the Light Side and the Dark Side are both aspects of the same Force seeking equilibrium. The religions that branched off from Judaism tend to show the Creator and Satan, or “The Devil,” in an adversarial relationship, almost a sort of de facto dualistic theology with a God and an anti-God, if you will. Judaism maintains that the Satan (lit. “Accuser”) is the angel associated with temptation, and prosecution in the Heavenly Court. He's basically Slugworth to God's Willy Wonka. He's got a dirty job to do, but in the end, we're both serving the same Boss.
Judaism also teaches that the source of Light and Darkness are One and the same, as it says in the prayer book: “Blessed art Thou, Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who forms light and creates darkness, Who makes peace and creates all things.” The source for this line of liturgy can be found in the Hebrew Bible, Isaiah 45:7: “Who forms light and creates darkness, Who makes peace and creates evil; I am the Lord, Who makes all these.”
Incidentally, one of the traditional names for God – invoked particularly by the Jewish mystics – is HaMakom, literally “The Place.” The deeper idea conveyed by this name is that the Creator does not exist within the universe; the universe exists within Him. It sounds a lot like The Force. The key conceptual difference between the fictitious all-uniting Force of Star Wars and the Shechinah or “Divine Presence” is that the former is impersonal and passive, the latter is an omnipotent consciousness that actively intervenes in human history, speaking with Prophets and working miracles until this very day.
So if you see the new Star Wars movie, directed by Jeffrey Jacob Abrams (who couldn't sound more Jewish if his name was Saul Cohen or Herschel Rosenblatt), perhaps you'll be able to seek out and appreciate the surprisingly Jewish flavor of the Star Wars universe.
Happy Hanukkah, and may the Force be with you!
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tonikita · 4 days ago
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Toothpaste Kisses -The Maccabees lyrics
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