#coronal holes

[hometoursandotherstuff]

[startrekenthusiast]

Coronal holes

Coronal holes appear as dark areas in the solar corona in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray solar images. They appear dark because they are cooler, less dense regions than the surrounding plasma and are regions of open, unipolar magnetic fields. This open, magnetic field line structure allows the solar wind to escape more readily into space, resulting in streams of relatively fast solar wind and is often referred to as a high speed stream in the context of analysis of structures in interplanetary space.

Coronal holes can develop at any time and location on the Sun, but are more common and persistent during the years around solar minimum. The more persistent coronal holes can sometimes last through several solar rotations (27-day periods). Coronal holes are most prevalent and stable at the solar north and south poles; but these polar holes can grow and expand to lower solar latitudes. It is also possible for coronal holes to develop in isolation from the polar holes; or for an extension of a polar hole to split off and become an isolated structure. Persistent coronal holes are long-lasting sources for high speed solar wind streams. As the high speed stream interacts with the relatively slower ambient solar wind, a compression region forms, known as a co-rotating interaction region (CIR). From the perspective of a fixed observer in interplanetary space, the CIR will be seen to lead the coronal hole high speed stream (CH HSS).

The CIR can result in particle density enhancement and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength increases preceding onset of the CH HSS. As the CH HSS begins to arrive at Earth, solar wind speed and temperature increase, while particle density begins to decrease. After passage of the CIR and upon transition into the CH HSS flow, the overall IMF strength will normally begin to slowly weaken.

Generally, coronal holes located at or near the solar equator are most likely to result in any CIR passage and/or higher solar wind speeds at Earth. Strong CIRs and the faster CH HSS can impact Earth’s magnetosphere enough to cause periods of geomagnetic storming to the G1-G2 (Minor to Moderate) levels; although rarer cases of stronger storming may also occur. Geomagnetic storms are classified using a five-level NOAA Space Weather Scale. The larger and more expansive coronal holes can often be a source for high solar wind speeds that buffet Earth for many days.

[iloveyoudie]

Todd Boyce on Conversation Street (x)

[sapphic-bombshell-vixen]

I have very low expectations for this soap opera, especially after being let down by previous storylines such as Charity and Vanessa's in which a promising wedding was scrapped due to Covid and replaced with a ridiculous robot plot, not to mention disappointing arcs in Holby City, EastEnders, Hollyoaks, and Skins UK. However, Alison King and Vicky Myers have already captivated me, suggesting a thrilling journey ahead and I'm ready for a wild ride - They could decide to bring back Lisa's late wife or have Peter return from his yacht trip, and while the ending will probably be terrible, I don’t care because they’re both beautiful.

[steakbatter]

WWWWAAAAHHHH I DIDNT KNOW YOU STARTED POSTING AGAIN!!! i like your new interest in taxidermy, its super pretty to look at. im excited to see more of your art!!!

HEY TONI, of course i remember you!! you're so frigging sweet :,) thank you so much!! i've been interested in taxidermy since high school but i'm a man of 5 billion interests but i'm not able to keep any ongoing!! a while ago it was collecting vintage model diecast cars. i don't have enough people to show them off to so i will show here!

[forcedhesitation]

mayrina is STILL pregnant in act 3????? you're telling me we've done ALL this shit in barely any time at all? wasn't she close to having her child in act 1? there's no way we breezed through act 1 and 2 that fast. I could believe the whole game taking place over 9 months. but if mayrina's still not given birth between acts 1 and 3....that would suggest it's only been a month at most, right? which just. makes No sense to me.

[eggmeralda]

okay but I am genuinely so unwell about numbers and dates and ages and time and years etc. so I'm blaming all my bad luck on the number 23

[monsata]

The Eye is upon us.

It is with us now.

It is laughing at us.

[frankmartindimeglio4]

Understanding galaxies and sphericity consistent with four dimensional SPACE 

[spacenutspod]

Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle fascinating questions from listeners about the universe's expansion, three sun systems, black hole mergers, and coronal mass ejections. Episode Highlights: - Universal Expansion: What if the expansion of the universe slowed down? Could light overtake the edge of the universe? - Three Sun Systems: Chris from North Carolina asks about the possibility of a planet orbiting three suns and the gravitational effects of such a system. - Black Hole Mergers: Discover what happens when black holes merge. Is it like a mini big bang? - Coronal Mass Ejections: Have we ever collected matter from a coronal mass ejection? Lee from Canada wants to know the details and implications. For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing. Sponsoor Links: NordVPN Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Fan Merch

[monsterslament]

ugh i wanna talk about ocs but i dont even know where to start

[bragganhyl]

[donotdestroy]

Wow, we are going to die!

[xtruss]

Scientists May Have Unraveled a Long-Standing Mystery About the Sun

— By Aristos Georgiou | August 24, 2023

Illustration of the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter spacecraft observing the sun. The spacecraft has discovered numerous tiny jets of material escaping from the sun’s atmosphere that could be the source of the solar wind. ESA

Scientists have uncovered the mysterious source of a key solar phenomenon that has long-puzzled experts.

The Solar Orbiter spacecraft, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with contribution from NASA, discovered numerous tiny jets of material escaping from the sun's atmosphere.

Each of the tiny jets lasts between 20-100 seconds and expels plasma—a stage of matter consisting of superheated, charged particles—at a speed of around 224,000 miles per hour. The jets could be a long-sought-after source of the solar wind, according to a study published in the journal Science.

Our sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, constantly spews out a stream of plasma, known as the solar wind, that can reach speeds of more than 1 million miles per hour. This stream, which contains embedded solar magnetic field, expands throughout the entire solar system reaching far beyond the orbit of Pluto before it meets the interstellar medium.

The solar wind and magnetic field inflate a vast "bubble" in the surrounding interstellar material, which is known as the heliosphere.

Variations in the solar wind can produce several space weather phenomena that affect Earth. For example, under certain circumstances, it can interact with the Earth's magnetic field in a way that produces auroras.

Meanwhile, particularly high-speed streams of solar wind can result in geomagnetic storms that have the potential to disrupt navigation systems and produce harmful currents in power grids and pipelines, among other impacts.

"Understanding the solar wind is a key prerequisite for understanding space weather. Results like these are steps towards understanding the dynamic nature of the solar wind," ESA solar physicist Daniel Müller told Newsweek.

The solar wind is a fundamental feature of the sun but understanding exactly how and where it is generated has proven elusive, even though scientists have been studying the question for decades.

But the advanced instrumentation on the Solar Orbiter, considered the most complex scientific laboratory ever sent to study our star, has now shed new light on what drives the generation of the solar wind.

For the latest study, scientists examined data collected by the Solar Orbiter's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) instrument.

In March 2022, this instrument took images of the sun's south pole, which researchers then analyzed. This revealed numerous short-lived and tiny jets, each one expelling plasma into space.

"We could only detect these tiny jets because of the unprecedented high-resolution, high-cadence images produced by EUI," Lakshmi Pradeep Chitta with the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany, and the principal author on the paper, said in a press release.

The tiny jets that the researchers observed could be seen emanating from a structure on the sun known as a coronal hole. These vast holes are regions where the sun's magnetic field does not turn back down into the star. Instead, the magnetic field stretches out deep into the solar system.

It's been known for decades that some of the solar wind that the sun produces is generated in these regions. (Coronal holes which are most prevalent and stable at the sun's north and south poles, produce solar wind of relatively high speed. The solar wind that emanates from the equatorial regions of the sun, where there are fewer coronal holes, on the other hand, tends to be slower in speed).

But while scientists knew that high-speed solar wind originated from coronal holes, how exactly the plasma was launched remained something of a mystery. Now, the latest findings suggest that the tiny jets may be responsible for launching the plasma that feeds the solar wind as they travel away from the sun.

The study also challenges previous assumptions that the high-speed solar wind from coronal holes emerges in flows that are relatively steady. The researchers found that to a large extent, this flow is not actually uniform but is instead highly intermittent.

"This paper shows that also the fast solar wind is much more dynamic than originally thought," Müller told Newsweek.

The jets that the team discovered produce relatively little energy in the grand scheme of solar activity. For context, the most powerful corona phenomena, known as X-class solar flares, produce around a billion times more energy than so-called nanoflares. But the tiny jets are even a thousand times less energetic than these nanoflares.

Images from the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter spacecraft show tiny jets of material escaping from the sun’s outer atmosphere. The jets show up as dark streaks across the solar surface in this mosaic. EUI TEAM/SOLAR ORBITER/ESA & NASA

The fact that the scientists saw so many of the tiny jets in the recent observations indicates that they are expelling a substantial fraction of the material that can be found in the solar wind.

"I think it's a significant step to find something on the disc that certainly is contributing to the solar wind," David Berghmans, principal investigator for the EUI instrument with the Royal Observatory of Belgium, said in the press release.

But it is possible that there could be other even smaller and more frequent events that could be contributing further.

Future research will be able to shed light on this issue. Currently, the Solar Orbiter is circling the sun close to the star's equator. This means that the tiny jets at the South Pole could only be seen edge-on, making it harder to measure some of their properties.

But as the Solar Orbiter mission continues, it will gradually incline its orbit toward the uncharted polar regions

"In a few years, we will see them from a different perspective than any other telescopes or observatories so that together should help a lot," Müller said in the press release.

The latest findings, alongside other observations being made by the Solar Orbiter, have implications for our understanding of space weather, according to Müller.

'With the Solar Orbiter mission, which is also sampling the solar wind at the location of the spacecraft, we can measure the variability of the solar wind at different distances between the sun and Earth," he told Newsweek. "This will help scientists build better computer models to forecast the solar wind and space weather conditions near Earth based on solar observations."

[glow-in-the-dark-death]

We Help, Lost & Found

Danny after all the things back home settle down (finally), decides to open a little lost and found vintage shop.

(As part of his royal training as prince before his coronation to happen to officially be King, he needs to know how to manage the GZ and have good relations with em, and this is good practice)

The things he sell are given to him by the other ghost who wish for their belonging to be return to someone important to them when they were alive (family, descendant, friends, a past lover, a helpful stranger)

Danny's shop is somewhat connected to his haunt, and with his space core it can have a weird effect to the people passing near his shop, giving them the feeling of them having to go inside because there is something important in there waiting just for them.

-

The shop starts to gain a reputation.

People can understand to a level how the shop had their families old furniture or a specific jacket from your great-gramps, but entire albums worth of picture that you were sure were destroyed in a fire or have lost for many decades tends to raise some eyebrows.

People start to talk.

-

Duke just casually walked by the shop, his neck cracking by the force of how fast he turned to look at this little shop he was sure was not there yesterday: " Uh, guys was I dosed with something or is there somehow a black hole just inside that shop?!"

(Cue the Batfam being hella nosy and -oop Bruce casually going inside to investigate inside the shop)

Bruce: " Hello just checking out at the interesting stuff in he- is that my mother's pearl necklace!"

-

Danny's enjoying the whole thing, he gets to reunite sentimental things to people & and be an absolute troll.

Danny trying not to grin: "Why no sir! I had no idea how Important these things are I'm just selling them, oh I'm selling things that went missing and were part of a crime scene?! How terrible!"

-

Just an Idea

[moondreamie]

London's Metropolitan Police 'Arrest volunteers handing out rape alarms' over coronation disruption comcerns

For anyone wondering, no we are not okay