#combustion chamber temperature

[sw5w]

Ees Da Wocka!

STAR WARS EPISODE I: The Phantom Menace 01:00:26

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Notes: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning - occurs when carbon monoxide gas is inhaled.

CO - a colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas.

Produced by incomplete combustion.

Interferes with the ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Found in: automobile exhaust fumes, faulty stoves and heating systems, fires, and cigarette smoke.

Other sources: woodburning stoves, kerosene heaters, improperly ventilated water heaters and gas stoves, and blocked or poorly maintained chimney flues.

The result is headache, nausea, convulsions, and finally death by asphyxiation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of CO poisoning in order of increasing severity include:

headache

shortness of breath

dizziness

fatigue

mental confusion and difficulty thinking

loss of fine hand-eye coordination

nausea and vomiting

rapid heart rate

hallucinations

inability to execute voluntary movements accurately

collapse

lowered body temperature (hypothermia)

coma

convulsions

seriously low blood pressure

cardiac and respiratory failure

death

In some cases, the skin, mucous membranes, and nails of a person with CO poisoning are cherry red or bright pink. Because the color change doesn’t always occur, it is an unreliable symptom to rely on for diagnosis.

Although most CO poisoning is acute, or sudden, it is possible to suffer from chronic CO poisoning. This condition exists when a person is exposed to low levels of the gas over a period of days to months.

Symptoms are often vague and include (in order of frequency) fatigue, headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, cardiac symptoms, apathy, nausea, and memory disturbances.

Little is known about chronic CO poisoning, and it is often misdiagnosed.

Treatment

Immediate treatment: Remove the victim from the source of carbon monoxide gas and get him or her into fresh air.

If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started.

Depending on the severity of the poisoning, 100% oxygen may be given with a tight fitting mask as soon as it is available.

Taken with other symptoms of CO poisoning, COHb levels of over 25% in healthy individuals, over 15% in patients with a history of heart or lung disease, and over 10% in pregnant women usually indicate the need for hospitalization.

In the hospital, fluids and electrolytes are given to correct any imbalances that have arisen from the breakdown of cellular metabolism.

In severe cases of CO poisoning, patients are given hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This treatment involves placing the patient in a chamber breathing 100% oxygen at a pressure of more than one atmosphere (the normal pressure the atmosphere exerts at sea level). The increased pressure forces more oxygen into the blood.

Prevention

Carbon monoxide poisoning is preventable.

Particular care should be paid to situations where fuel is burned in a confined area. Portable and permanently installed carbon monoxide detectors that sound a warning similar to smoke detectors are available for less than $50.

Specific actions that will prevent CO poisoning include:

Stopping smoking. Smokers have less tolerance to environmental CO.

Having heating systems and appliances installed by a qualified contractor to assure that they are properly vented and meet local building codes

Inspecting and properly maintaining heating systems, chimneys, and appliances

Not using a gas oven or stove to heat the home

Not burning charcoal indoors

Making sure there is good ventilation if using a kerosene heater indoors

Not leaving cars or trucks running inside the garage

Keeping car windows rolled up when stuck in heavy traffic, especially if inside a tunnel.

Source ⚜ More: Writing Notes & References ⚜ Poison ⚜ Fictional Poisons

[morbidology]

On July 2, 1951, the quiet city of St. Petersburg, Florida, was rocked by one of the most mysterious and controversial deaths in modern history. Mary Reeser, a 67-year-old widow, was found burned to death in her apartment under circumstances so bizarre that they have puzzled investigators, scientists, and conspiracy theorists for decades.

The macabre discovery was made by Reeser’s landlady, Pansy Carpenter, who had tried to deliver a telegram to her tenant that morning. After receiving no response and noticing an unusually warm doorknob, Carpenter sought help from neighbors. When they managed to open the door, they were met with an astonishing scene: a room relatively untouched by fire, save for the corner where Reeser's remains were found.

Mary Reeser’s body had been almost completely incinerated, reduced to ashes along with the chair she had been sitting in. What remained of her were a part of her backbone, a shrunken skull, and a completely intact left foot still in its slipper. The surrounding area showed minimal damage—plastic household items a short distance from the seat remained unscathed, and although the walls and ceiling were coated with a greasy soot, they were not burnt.

The investigation was led by the St. Petersburg Police Department, who quickly recognized the unusual nature of the scene. Local authorities were joined by the FBI and other experts to determine how such an intense fire could have started and burned so selectively.

Initial hypotheses ranged from a dropped cigarette to an electrical fault. However, both were quickly dismissed. The chair's materials and Reeser's clothing would not typically combust so thoroughly without a higher, sustained temperature than could be achieved by a mere cigarette. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an electrical fire or an accelerant.

As conventional explanations failed, the case began to attract attention from proponents of spontaneous human combustion, a rare and controversial phenomenon in which a person is believed to catch fire without an external ignition source. Advocates of SHC argue that a combination of factors, such as the wick effect (where clothing can absorb melted human fat and act like a candle), could explain the intense and localized burning seen in cases like Reeser’s.

Dr. Wilton Krogman, a physical anthropologist, examined the case and expressed disbelief at the completeness of the combustion. He noted that even bodies exposed to extreme heat in cremation chambers do not typically burn as thoroughly as Reeser's remains had. Dr. Krogman described the case as "the most amazing thing I have ever seen" and found it difficult to reconcile with the known laws of science.

Despite extensive investigation, the official cause of Mary Reeser’s death was ultimately ruled as “death by fire of unknown origin.” The case has remained a source of fascination and debate, appearing in numerous books, documentaries, and discussions about unexplained phenomena.

[darkmaga-returns]

A group of leading climate scientists have declared that the so-called ‘climate emergency’ is a scam being perpetuated by the global elite.

A two-day climate conference in Prague, organised by the Czech division of the international Climate Intelligence Group (Clintel), which took place on November 12-13 in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic in Prague, “declares and affirms that the imagined and imaginary ‘climate emergency’ is at an end”.

Wattsupwiththat.com reports: The communiqué, drafted by the eminent scientists and researchers who spoke at the conference, makes clear that for several decades climate scientists have  systematically exaggerated the influence of CO2 on global temperature.

The high-level scientific conference also declared:

“The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which excludes participants and published papers disagreeing with its narrative, fails to comply with its own error-reporting protocol and draws conclusions some of which are dishonest, should be forthwith dismantled.”

The declaration supports the conclusions of the major Clintel report The Frozen Climate Views of the IPCC [presented to the Conference by Marcel Crok, Clintel’s co-founder].

Moreover, the scientists at the conference declared that even if all nations moved straight to net zero emissions, by the 2050 target date the world would be only about 0.1 C cooler than with no emissions reduction.

So far, the attempts to mitigate climate change by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement have made no difference to our influence on climate, since nations such as Russia and China, India and Pakistan continue greatly to expand their combustion of coal, oil and gas.

The cost of achieving that 0.1 C reduction in global warming would be $2 quadrillion, equivalent to 20 years’ worldwide gross domestic product.

[cadet-songbird]

AH hiiii finding your blog at a time where I’ve suddenly become obsessed with cybertronian medical headcanons and worldbuilding is like having mana fall from the sky LOL I adore your passionate niche

Do you have any favorite, uniquely Transformer related medical headcanons or procedures? I.e. how subspace or comm system integration works with their anatomy and if it affects them when those systems are damaged, how exactly a medic would stabilize a bot that’s bleeding out and losing energon from say a gun shot wound, or even theories on critical components besides their spark or whatnot?

I’m so interested in hearing literally anything you’ve got!

WOOO! WE FOUND ANOTHER ONE

Hello, fellow human being. I love hearing from other fans that share the same interests as me :) This is the main reason I joined tumblr. Well, that and I wanted the ability to interact with Earthstellar's posts. But I digress.

I could ramble for hours on any one of these topics, but I'll restrain myself because I have homework to do. So- how does a medic stabilize a GSW victim? FYI- This is heading into headcannon-heavy waters. You're a medic on the battlefield and you're assisting a squad mate who's been blasted in the chassis. Let's say that you and your patient are no longer under fire, so you can actually start treatment.

You're looking down at your patient. They are able to talk to you in short sentences. They seem fairly coherent. Yay! Now, let's keep them that way.

Personally, I headcannon three life-saving interventions. Capping wires, sealing the spark chamber, and clamping bleeding energon lines. We also know that transformers have a core temperature of 42C (107.6F for my fellow 'muricans) so keeping our patient warm is also important to prevent hypothermia and breakdown of their natural clotting process. Mylar blankets are helpful when in the field and/or when transporting your patient.

Since this patient has a blast to the chassis, you're looking right away for any light from the spark chamber escaping. Not only is this painful for your patient to experience, but it's a fast killer. If you spot any leaking light, you'd place a temporary patch that's heat-resistant. Remember to clean the area with alcohol or another cleaner and LET IT DRY before applying the patch or sometimes it won't stick. Don't worry about how it looks. You'll worry about that later.

Next, you notice main energon lines that are leaking. You grab clamps and clamp off those lines. This is pretty straightforward. Though- make sure to give your patient pain control later because this is an intervention that hurts and will stay painful for as long as the lines are clamped. I'll attach a picture of these clamps below.

Lastly, our patient blowing up would be less than ideal so let's *not* have sparking wires around leaking energon (Which is combustable)! This step is pretty straightforward. AND GUESS WHAT

There's different caps for different sizes and kinds of wires. Kinda like human airway adjuncts are color coded.

Alrighty. Those are your first three steps in keeping your patient alive. OFC, you're nowhere near being done but these are most critical issues out of the way. After these interventions, you need to confirm that your patient has sensation, circulation, and motion in all limbs. Note any discrepancies and don't forget to document interventions.

...there ya go! Now, it's time for me to be actually productive today.

[scrumptiousbeardturtle-blog1]

Car Parts and Key Components: Proper Uses that Every Beginner Driver Should Know

Transporting your car can be daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be. A well-planned auto transport process making sure your car's safety from start to finish. With a reliable car carrier service like San Jose auto transport, rest assured your car will be delivered to your doorstep on-time.

This guide will provide you necessary information and useful tips about choosing a reliable auto transport service, common car parts, and basic function of your vehicle for safe driving journey.

Car Parts and It's Basic Function

This guide will shed you light with the common car parts and its basic functions for maintaining your car for efficient running condition. From the engine to the brakes, each part plays an important role. Get ready to gain confidence in your driving journey.

The engine generates power, while the transmission transfers that power to the wheels.

Brakes are important for stopping, so understanding how they work will guarantee safety and quickly respond to any unforeseen situations.

The battery powers electrical systems and starts the engine.

Familiarity with fluid levels, such as oil and coolant, prevent overheating and engine damage.

Learning about tire pressure helps maintain traction and safety on the road.

Proper knowledge of these common car parts are important for responsible car owner and safe driving practices.

Today's vehicles are complex machines with many interconnected systems and components. Vehicle owners who understand these simple parts can maintain their cars better and talk effectively with mechanics.

Car Cooling Systems:

Engine and Power-train components

Cooling and exhaust systems

Starting and charging systems

Fuel delivery mechanisms

Braking and steering assemblies

Suspension components

Heating and air conditioning

The engine acts as the vehicle's heart and converts fuel into mechanical energy through controlled combustion. Multiple precision components like the engine block, cylinder heads, camshafts, and crankshaft work together harmoniously.

Supporting systems are equally crucial. The cooling system regulates optimal operating temperatures, and the exhaust system handles waste gasses. The battery and alternator power the starting and charging system, which supplies electrical energy to run the engine and vehicle accessories.

This knowledge helps new car owners during routine maintenance and unexpected problems.

Car owners who understand simple car parts can:

Identify potential problems early

Schedule appropriate maintenance

Make informed repair decisions

Communicate clearly with service professionals

Maintain vehicle value through proper care

The drive-train moves power from the engine to the wheels. The braking system creates friction to stop safely. These systems collaborate with steering and suspension components to provide safe, comfortable transportation.

Important Functions of Car Engine

Your car's internal combustion engine transforms chemical energy into mechanical power through a precise sequence of events.

A well-maintained engine runs smoothly and improves your vehicle's performance and longer engine life.

Regular Engine Maintenance Schedule:

Check spark plugs every 30,000 miles

Monitor fluid levels monthly

Inspect air filters regularly for debris

Clean battery connections at the first sign of corrosion

Your engine's combustion chamber acts as a powerhouse that combines fuel and air to generate energy. The spark plug ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture and creates a controlled explosion that moves the pistons. A timing belt keeps all components in perfect sync during this sequence.

Power flows from the combustion chamber through several key steps:

Piston movement converts explosive force to linear motion

Crankshaft changes linear motion to rotational force

Flywheel smooths the power delivery

Transmission system directs power to wheels

A network of components prevents your engine from overheating. The radiator and water pump work together to circulate coolant through passages around the cylinders. Regular inspection of this temperature management system helps avoid repairs that can get pricey.

Your engine needs proper fluid levels to perform at its best:

Engine oil (check monthly)

Coolant

Brake fluid

Power steering fluid

Spark plugs play a vital role in the combustion process. Engine problems develop rapidly if they malfunction. You should inspect them regularly and replace them according to manufacturer specifications.

Understanding basic car parts and key components is important for any beginner driver in San Jose. This knowledge helps you maintain your vehicle and recognize issues early on. Remember the importance of the engine, brakes, and tires, as these are important parts of your vehicle for safe driving.

With this guide, you now have the tools to feel more confident behind the wheel. Always keep learning and be familiarized with every parts of your vehicle.

For more tips on finding a trusted service like auto transport company California, keep exploring our blog.

[th3-0bjectivist]

The Gem of the South, and the Frozen Furnace beneath the Pale Hilltops

In the Frozen South, there are yet fragments of a metropolis of tall temples, that once touched a clear blue arctic sky, which glistened on snowy hilltops like a brilliant green gem on a lily-white horizon. This city was and is the Emerald of the South, whose lush beauty has decades-faded away, but nonetheless holds as a modern bonfire of desperate survival after The Undoing. One of the oldest and most sacred human-built settlements of Atma’Zae is now merely carved out on the ridge of a slowly melting and cracked glacier. Now drooping off a peak over the Southern Sea, this still-bustling settlement once housed wisemen and oracles who foresaw the undoing of man by his own designs. In these, the Days of Ash, the pillars that once were the pride of the snow have been twisted and cracked away by permanently high arctic winds and toxified sleet.

Once known as Esmer, this settlement was the home of philosophers and religious theocrats. It is the foundational source of the Realm’s only autotheist national divinity, The Order of the Mirror, whose adherents worshipped their own reflection thinking themselves as Gods. Precious gems, predominantly emeralds, but also alexandrite, diamonds and sapphires were mined in the nearby snowcapped mountains to focus magical illusions into distilled magick, a type of magic far more potent and destructive than mere parlor tricks and sleight of hand. The green and lush gardens of Esmer grew rife with arctic moss, tundra roses and diamond leaf willows which stunned weary, cold travellers from afar; distinctly jade among a field of all-white.

Esmer-Alda has since been retitled for modern times, forever changed and pitted-out inside the edge of the Pale Hilltops of the South. After the Nemesis, the survivors of the Undoing were forced to burrow deep its hilltop and build a massive furnace in the coal-rich mantle beneath the now-abandoned rock crystal towers. An estimated 20,000 prisoner-slaves man the burners, the control valves, and the combustion chamber deep beneath this once holy site. The upper city is no longer habitable as acidic blizzards, and sub-zero temperatures permeate under a thick sulphur-dioxide sky. Soon, there will likely be no more Esmer-Alda, as it dithers over the Southern Sea ready to bend and break into the waters below at any moment.

Lore Entry # 3 (click here for art)

[m-kube-enterprise]

When comparing alumina tubes, quartz tubes, and silicon carbide tubes, each material offers distinct advantages and drawbacks based on factors like temperature resistance, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and cost. Here’s a detailed comparison to help you choose the best option for your specific application:

Temperature Resistance

Alumina Tubes:

Withstand temperatures up to 1800°C or more, particularly when made from high-purity alumina (99.7% or higher).

Suitable for extreme high-temperature environments, such as furnaces and kilns.

Quartz Tubes:

Can withstand temperatures up to 1100°C.

Suitable for moderate temperature applications but not ideal for extremely high temperatures.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Have the highest temperature resistance of the three, handling temperatures up to 1600–2400°C depending on the grade.

Ideal for applications involving extremely high heat and harsh environments, such as high-temperature furnaces or combustion chambers.

Mechanical Strength

Alumina Tubes:

Excellent mechanical strength and durability, making them resistant to wear and stress at high temperatures.

Can withstand heavy mechanical and thermal loads.

Quartz Tubes:

Fragile compared to alumina and silicon carbide. Quartz is more prone to breaking under mechanical stress or impact, making it less durable.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Superior mechanical strength and hardness, making them highly resistant to wear, abrasion, and thermal stress.

Often preferred in environments with high mechanical loads.

Thermal Shock Resistance

Alumina Tubes:

Good thermal shock resistance, but not as high as quartz. Rapid heating and cooling can cause cracking if not managed carefully.

Quartz Tubes:

Excellent thermal shock resistance. Quartz can withstand sudden changes in temperature without cracking, making it useful in applications where rapid heating or cooling occurs.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Moderate thermal shock resistance, better than alumina but not as good as quartz. Silicon carbide is tough, but extreme temperature fluctuations can still pose a challenge.

Chemical Resistance

Alumina Tubes:

Highly resistant to chemical attack, especially from most acids and bases. Ideal for processes involving reactive chemicals at high temperatures.

Quartz Tubes:

High resistance to chemical corrosion, particularly in oxidizing environments. However, it can be attacked by strong alkaline substances at high temperatures.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Extremely resistant to chemical corrosion from a wide range of chemicals, including strong acids and alkalis. This makes it suitable for highly corrosive environments.

Electrical Insulation

Alumina Tubes:

Excellent electrical insulator at high temperatures, making it ideal for applications where electrical insulation is crucial (e.g., thermocouple protection).

Quartz Tubes:

Also a good electrical insulator, although alumina is generally preferred when higher thermal stability and electrical insulation are needed.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Not a good insulator, as silicon carbide has some electrical conductivity, especially at high temperatures. It’s more suitable for applications where electrical conductivity is not a concern.

Cost

Alumina Tubes:

Typically, mid-range in terms of cost. They offer a balance between performance and price, particularly for high-temperature applications requiring strength and durability.

Quartz Tubes:

Generally more affordable than alumina or silicon carbide, especially for moderate temperature applications. However, the fragility may lead to more frequent replacements.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

More expensive than both alumina and quartz due to their superior properties. However, their durability and high-temperature resistance can justify the cost in demanding applications.

Applications

Alumina Tubes:

Used in furnaces, thermocouple protection, kiln furniture, high-temperature processing, powder processing, and scientific research.

Preferred when both high-temperature resistance and mechanical strength are required.

Quartz Tubes:

Used in optics, semiconductor processing, light sources, and moderate temperature applications where thermal shock resistance is critical.

Suitable for applications with rapid heating/cooling cycles but moderate temperature limits.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Used in high-temperature furnaces, combustion systems, heat exchangers, and abrasive environments.

Ideal for extreme temperature applications and environments with high mechanical or chemical stress.

Durability and Longevity

Alumina Tubes:

High durability, especially in high-temperature or chemically aggressive environments, leading to longer life spans compared to quartz.

Quartz Tubes:

Less durable due to their fragility, leading to shorter lifespans in environments with mechanical or thermal stress.

Silicon Carbide Tubes:

Highly durable, with excellent resistance to wear and tear, especially in abrasive or chemically corrosive environments.

[usafphantom2]

How could the SR-71 fly faster and burn less fuel?

The SR-71 was always a fuel-guzzler, no matter how you operated it. The SR-71 is special in that it actually has 4 engines.

2 of those engines are hiding inside the visible ramjet-engines. This is for very good reason: The ramjet engines are pretty much just big empty pipes into which fuel is injected - they won’t work unless compressed air flows into them (and even then, they are tricky). The French attempted to launch ramjet-aircraft from other aircraft. After a steep dive, the pilot cramped into the nose cone would attempt to start the engine.

The SR-71 is helped into the air by a turbojet. At higher air-speeds, the turbojet becomes less efficient because the compressor-blades are obstructing the airflow and the turbine behind the combustion chamber is starting to suffer a heat-stroke from the hot gases exiting the combustion chamber.

From Aerospaceweb.org: A schematic turboramjet-engine. The turboramjet-engine on the SR-71 was different in that the bypass was created on the 4th compressor stage.

The SR-71’s engines then create a bypass. Without any moving parts, the ramjet-engine is more efficient than a turbojet-engine. This is confirmed by a quick look at the T-S-diagram (or temperature-entropy diagram) of a turbojet engine: As you can see above, the air cools off (and thus loses energy) as it passes through the turbine of a turbojet-engine (point 4 to 5). Since a turbine does not exist in a ramjet, a much greater amount of the energy produced goes into actual thrust. But for that to happen, you also have to produce a great amount of energy in the first place. Btw, a ramjet still possesses a compressor, but it is made up of the movable nosecone you see. This type of compressor is operated by the air getting compressed in front of the engine from the aircraft flying so fast. Now it is also obvious why it would be futile to try to fly a ramjet at slow speeds. You don’t achieve much compression; your engine is inefficient and is probably going to drown in fuel in a minute…

@Habubrats71 via X

[arjunvib]

How does an engine contribute to a car's powertrain?

The powertrain in a vehicle is the system responsible for generating power and delivering it to the wheels to propel the vehicle forward. The operation of a powertrain can vary depending on whether the vehicle is powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE) or an electric motor (in the case of electric vehicles). Here's a general overview of how a powertrain works in both types of vehicles:

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle - Combustion Process: In an ICE vehicle, the powertrain starts with the combustion process in the engine. Fuel (gasoline or diesel) mixes with air in the combustion chamber and is ignited by spark plugs (in gasoline engines) or compression (in diesel engines).

Power Generation: The combustion process generates energy in the form of mechanical power, causing pistons to move up and down within the cylinders of the engine. This motion drives the crankshaft, converting linear motion into rotational motion.

Transmission: The rotational motion from the crankshaft is transmitted to the transmission, which consists of gears that allow the driver to select different ratios (speeds). This enables the engine to operate efficiently across a range of vehicle speeds.

Drivetrain: The transmission sends power to the drivetrain components, including the driveshaft, differential, and axles, which transfer power to the wheels. The differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, enabling smooth turns.

Wheel Movement: The power transmitted through the drivetrain causes the wheels to rotate, propelling the vehicle forward or backward depending on the gear selection and throttle input from the driver.

Electric Vehicle (EV) -

Battery Pack: The primary source of power for the EV, storing electricity in chemical form.Powers the electric motor and provides electricity for all electronic devices within the EV.

Battery Management System (BMS): Monitors battery cell conditions, including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SoC).It protects the battery against overcharging, deep discharging, and overheating and helps balance the charge across cells. Ensures optimal performance and longevity of the battery by regulating its environment.

Inverter: Converts DC from the battery pack into AC to drive the electric motor.Adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the AC output to control the motor’s speed and torque. Critical for translating electrical energy into mechanical energy efficiently.

Onboard Charger: Facilitates the conversion of external AC (from the grid) to DC to charge the battery pack. Integrated within the vehicle, allowing for charging from standard electrical outlets or specialized EV charging stations. Manages charging rate based on battery status to ensure safe and efficient charging.

DC-DC Converter: Steps down the high-voltage DC from the battery pack to the lower-voltage DC needed for the vehicle's auxiliary systems, such as lighting, infotainment, and climate control. Ensures compatibility between the high-voltage battery system and low-voltage electronic components.

Electric Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. It can be of various types, such as induction motors or permanent magnet synchronous motors, each offering different efficiencies and characteristics. Typically provides instant torque, resulting in rapid acceleration.

Vehicle Control Unit (VCU): The central computer or electronic control unit (ECU) that governs the EV's systems. Processes inputs from the vehicle’s sensors and driver inputs to manage power delivery, regenerative braking, and vehicle dynamics. Ensures optimal performance, energy efficiency, and safety.

Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Manages electrical power distribution from the battery to the EV’s various systems. Ensures that components such as the electric motor, onboard charger, and DC-DC converter receive the power they need to operate efficiently. Protects the vehicle's electrical systems by regulating current flow and preventing electrical faults.

In both ICE vehicles and EVs, the powertrain's components work together to convert energy into motion, enabling the vehicle to move efficiently and effectively. However, the specific technologies and processes involved differ significantly between the two propulsion systems.

[prismaticstarshch]

some time ago despite my complete and utter lack of knowledge on how to make any sort of actual Roblox game, I started writing random announcement lines for a concept core game called "Sol Research Facility"

these are the most recent renditions of the pre-startup and startup procedure announcements (inspirations: Innovation Inc. Thermal Power Plant startup announcement sequence and the pre-startup and startup announcement sequences shown in the V4 reactor startup preview video aydenane made on Zands! Codename Lemnis):

Pre-startup (begins with either manual or automated startup preparation, this announcement comes at the end of it):

*Announcement chime*

“Attention all personnel: the Antimatter Combustion Reactor has been queued for ignition. Please halt all facility operations until startup completion and vacate the core chamber immediately.”

ACR Startup procedure (begins once the startup procedure has been confirmed from the core control room):

“Attention: the Antimatter Combustion Reactor startup protocol has been initialized. All personnel are to maintain a safe distance from the reactor chamber.”

“Diverting facility power for reactor ignition. Startup will occur in T-10 seconds.”

*Facility lights go out; some kind of music cues*

“Raising reactor superstructure to central position. Position locked.”

“Activating reactor stabilization systems. Reactor stabilizers online.”

“Commencing power lasers activation. Please be advised that a gravitational anomaly or abnormal seismic activity may occur if a fault has been detected.”

“Activating Power Laser Array Alpha. Power lasers 1, 2, and 3 online.”

“Activating Power Laser Array Beta. Power Lasers 4, 5, and 6 online.”

“All power lasers online. Engaging coolant systems.”

“Coolant pumps online. Connecting coolant feed to reactor core.” 

“Coolant feed online. Temperature secured.”

“Reactor core startup procedure successfully engaged. Facility now operating at full capacity.”

[windbreakblog]

Foods and Fuel Sources of Windbreak

Hello!!! I wanted to make a comprehensive list of popular foods ranked by class, from lowest to highest, just to have it here for future reference. This is specifically talking about foods that keep the energy-source alive and active, which includes fire, steam engines, nuclear reactors, and electricity. This does not cover metal-based foods used for growth. That will be covered and explained later.

Low-Class (Hearthfire robots)

Tar Dirt Tar dirt is a mixture of tar and other materials, like metal shavings, dirt or sand. The mixture is made to make consuming it easier, as tar is extremely sticky and hard to swallow on its own. It is rather effective, but it burns extremely dirty. It's the lowest of the low when it comes to poverty foods, and those who eat it for long periods of time often get their smoke vents so black and caked in soot and tar residue it can eventually clog vents if left to fester long enough. When vents are clogged, the internal fire (sometimes called a "hearth") of a robot will suffocate itself with its own smoke. This can be lethal without proper medical help, which the impoverished often don't receive.

Pitch Pitch is another extremely dirty-burning fuel source, but it's slightly less degrading to one's health than tar dirt. Most of these materials like tar, pitch, and crude oil are byproducts of coal processing, like in the making of coke or coal gas. These are extremely labor-intensive and low-paying, so in order to stay alive, historically, coal processors would take the flammable waste products of their trade and use it as food.

Sulphur (powdered) Sulphur is a very flammable material in powdered form, and burns a unique blue flame, but it comes at the price of dreaded rotten-egg breath. The stench it carries is bound to make the consumer unpopular, but it isn't always inherently dangerous in its pure form*. Some robots even use sulphur almost exclusively for fuel, though it is to be noted that they are specialized in hyperthermic fuels. However, Sulphur its pure form is rarely being consumed by the average robot. The dangers of Sulphur come mainly from what it's cut with. Pure Sulphur is hard to come by and rather expensive for those not specialized. But mixing it with other materials, such as stone dust, magnesium powder, etc. cheapens the manufacturing process, and can cause a litany of hazards. In general, it is ill-advised to consume anything non-metallic and non-flammable, as when nonflammable material is burned by hearthfire robots it tends to either stick to the bottom of the Hearth-chamber or clog up the vents. In extreme cases, both of these occurrences can kill by smothering one's hearth or reacting badly to the fire. * Sulphur, even pure Sulphur, is extremely dangerous to robots not suited to handle extreme heat. Burning it creates an extreme exothermic reaction that can gravely damage naturally lower-temperature robots, so if your hearth is low-burning or you have a hearth-related thermoregulation disorder, it is very dangerous to use this fuel. Sulphur shares many dangers with White Phosphorus, which burns at extremely high temperatures and is very combustible when in contact with oxygen or certain metals. If a robot is not specialized to process unstable materials like Sulphur and Phosphorus, it is strongly advised to avoid them.

Coal Gas Coal gas is another byproduct of coking and other coal processes. This one is a bit different, as it isn't as actively damaging to the vents of a robot as pitch or tar, so it isn't as unhealthy. But using coal gas as a fuel source is oftentimes not very filling, and doesn't really give the impression of having eaten a good meal. for this reason, it isn't very popular outside of necessity.

Coal Coal is still considered a "poor" food by most outside of the lower districts, but this isn't just for those that are most desperate. Coal is a major fuel source in the iron district, and sometimes in lower parts of the stone district, too. In those lower circles, it's considered a rather normal food, and only has connotations of poverty in higher levels. Most super poverty-stricken robots, like those who work in coal processing mentioned above, or even coal miners for that matter, rarely if ever get to eat coal. The coal that they are employed to handle is a product that does not belong to the workers who gather it, so personal use of it is considered stealing, and is a punishable offense.

Moonshine (homemade ethanol products) Ethanol itself is a very sought-after fuel, normally popular in the middle and higher classes, like the upper stone district and lower ember district. It's very clean-burning, easy to consume, fizzy and pleasant, though overconsumption of highly concentrated alcohols are considered mind-altering and are banned in many places. Alcohols with a concentration more than 60-70% are illegal and dangerous, and can even be addictive. The creation of any type of alcohol is banned in the Iron district, because it's basically copyrighted by the companies that do create and sell it. Nonprofessional creation of booze can also be dangerous in some cases, for instance, if there is too much water it can douse your hearth and kill you. If the concentration of alcohol is too high, it can cause your fire to burn itself out or cause other permanent damage to your hearth/body. non-authorized creation of booze for personal use/distribution anywhere is banned, because the government of Windbreak cannot tax it like it can commercial trade. But brand-name alcohol, being an efficient, clean-burning and desirable fuel, is expensive to get compared to something like coal, so oftentimes illegal manufacturing is practiced anyways. It's better than tar, at least. This bootlegging is often done in basements, cellars, or anywhere large enough for several booze-filled barrels to fit into. Moonshine is a common alcohol to make, but often the materials used in fermenting doesn't matter much. Any organic material will do, which often consists of any kind of plant that manages to grow in the iron district. This has caused major problems for the already struggling flora there. Sometimes, in high-profile cases, criminal organizations with ways of moving between levels will purchase, steal or poach sugar and plant material from upper districts and supply it to illegal ironclad distilleries for a cut of the profits.

Gasoline/Petrol The most common fuel source for Ironclads. This is cheap to get, legal, and commonplace. It is a fossil fuel, and does not burn the cleanest, but it does not cause many issues if regular maintenance to the vents and general body is practiced. This is a low-risk fuel, so is unlikely to cause problems for the average Hearthfire robot. (part 2 coming soon)

[mw4outfitters]

What Are The Best Performance Upgrades For Dodge RAM 1500?

The Dodge RAM 1500 is the vehicle of choice for many when it comes to off-roading… From 3.0- liter EcoDiesel V-6 engine to 5.7- liter HEMI V-8 engine; Dodge RAM 1500 has a robust engine line up. And, guess what??? With a few simple performance upgrades, you can unlock its real potential that the manufacturer had left on the table.

Interested in learning more about these performance upgrades??? Well, read this blog post all the way through…

Improve Your Dodge RAM 1500 Performance with These Upgrades

Before we begin… let’s us clarify a few things. This article has a generalized explanation of Dodge RAM 1500 performance upgrades. No particular Dodge RAM engine type is being discussed here. Therefore, if you need specific information on 5.7L HEMI V-8 engine performance upgrades, or information about other engine types for that matter, contact a qualified expert.

It's time to move on to our main topic now that the disclaimer has been concluded.

Upgrade #1- Cold air intake

Installing a cold air intake system is one upgrade you can make to improve the performance of your Dodge RAM 1500. Cold air intake, as is evident from the name as well, is a system designed to feed the engine with cold dense air. More air promotes fuel burning inside the combustion chamber, which produces more power.

But, before you install a cold air intake system, you should understand about its benefits and drawbacks, such as how it will affect your vehicle's fuel consumption, torque output, etc…

Upgrade #2- Performance tuner chip

Plugging in a performance tuner chip to your Dodge RAM 1500 is another option to improve its performance. For those who don’t know, the performance tuner chip is a computer unit that can make a few tweaks to your RAM's engine control module, or ECM, to improve engine performance.

Plus, it has been found that the use of performance tuner chip can significantly improve a vehicle’s gas mileage. But, but, but… using such technologies to boost engine performance has several downsides that you should be aware of.

Upgrade #3- Throttle body spacer

Adding a throttle body spacer to your Dodge RAM 1500 engine is one more change you can make to bring out its full potential. The RAM's throttle body and upper intake manifold is where you must put them. The part will significantly enhance your RAM’s air intake capacity. It will funnel more air into the combustion chamber of the engine.

And, as we just explained in the above paragraph, more air would result in effective fuel combustion and increased torque production. But, again… do some research before installing it.

Upgrade #4- Exhaust modification

The exhaust system can also be upgraded for greater engine performance. The combustion gases are essentially vented to the outside air by the exhaust system. The exhaust system installed on your Dodge Ram has limits on how fast it can discharge engine emissions. You may improve the exhaust fume flow rate of your Dodge RAM by upgrading the exhaust pipes.

Increased exhaust flow can dramatically improve your vehicle's torque production. But… you should only have qualified technicians modify the exhaust system on your Dodge RAM.

Upgrade #5- Cooling system upgradation

The torque output of your Dodge RAM will not be directly affected by cooling system upgrades, but the durability of its engine most certainly will be. The cooling system essentially keeps the engine temperature within the permissible range; thereby preventing it from overheating.

Off-road vehicles' engines, like the one in the Dodge RAM 1500, occasionally have to work harder and produce a lot of excess heat. You'll need a performance water pump, a multi-core radiator, and a heavy-duty electric fan in these circumstances to dissipate extra engine heat.

Key Takeaways

These performance upgrades can help your Dodge RAM 1500 unlock its full potential and transform it into a real off-roader. There are numerous other things that you can also do to get the most out of your Dodge RAM 1500.

In any case, before you start upgrading your vehicle, you must do some research on the pros and cons of using those technologies to unleash the power that you are not supposed to. That’s all for today’s blog post. We hope this had added value to your knowledge.

[chocoblep]

#11: The Dip

Ah, Camp Bluefog. The name of the settlement was apt; more often than not, an indigo haze hung over Northern Thanalan, at best obscuring vision for a malm or so and at worst feeling like it was blotting out the sun. Today was a mild day, but Lydjana was itching to leave nonetheless. She’d been tasked with picking up a couple containers of ceruleum for the testing phase of an acquaintance’s new bike, and her stipulation for picking it up had been the same as it always was: I’m not going anywhere near the processing plant.

Gods, even just thinking about it had her sweating a little as she waited for her contact to retrieve the containers from a storehouse nearby. Even as far away as Bluefog was enough to give her a nervous twinge. She’d hated working with ceruleum ever since the incident, and now she tried every possible method she could to avoid the stuff. Unfortunately, it was a decent fuel source, so working her way around it wasn’t always something she could do. As she waited, she looked off toward the north, and the memory found her.

“Pressure reading?” Lydi called, digging in her tool belt for her ratchet.

“Seventy,” came a male voice on the other side of the tank, and Lydi swore. “Seventy-one.”

“We’re going to have the pop the lid on this thing while we’re fixing it, aren’t we?” she asked, and a grunt answered her question.

“I’ll bring your mask,” the voice said, and she nodded, even though there was no one to see it. Several of the engineers were fixing a leak in one of the massive pipes above them, balanced on scaffoldings and hanging from the top of the pipe itself, harnessed to the railings on the walkway above. A big storm had driven debris into that, and because they had to seal up other sections of the piping network, that left some of the other engineers–Lydi included–working on the crude ceruleum vats on the ground that fed into the processing plant, which had also taken hits. 

When her partner returned with her mask in hand, she sighed and handed him the ratchet. “All right, you ease the valve, I’ll release the hatch, and we’ll work that outer wall back into shape.”

“You got it! Let me know when you’re ready!”

Lydi climbed to the walkway that ran along the lip of the covered ceruleum vat. Without the correct temperature being maintained by the air between the double walls, excessive heat could permeate the thing and cause spontaneous combustion. It was just as well that it was a cool day, because cracking the vat’s lid was dangerous in the heat, but the way the outer wall had caved, they needed to repair the panel so that it didn’t over-pressurize and make the thing explode regardless. She slipped her mask over her face, and then called down to her partner.

“Go ahead!”

“Reducing air flow,” he called up to her. “Pressure dropping to sixty-five… sixty-three… sixty…”

It stopped around fifty, and she knew that wasn’t enough to keep the thing cool. “Releasing the hatch,” she called back, and then punched a couple commands into the panel. The thing opened, mercifully–she’d have hated to have to manually lift it–and she turned to call down, “Hatch is open, you can start popping off that panel now!”

A loud, booming noise sounded above her, and she abruptly stumbled on the walkway with the resulting force that pushed its way outward, grabbing for the rail. Multiple people were shouting up in the vicinity of the pipes, but Lydi couldn’t hear them. She’d flipped over the rail and plunged into the vat of crude liquid ceruleum before she could close her fingers around anything to haul herself upright.

The first thing her partner had told her when she’d woken was that she was lucky she’d been wearing a mask; otherwise, she probably would have died. They’d hauled her out of the vat, gotten her into a shower and cleaned her off as fast as they could. From there she’d been shoved into a clean air chamber and treated–well, as much as they could. Her vital signs had been stable, she’d been breathing, but she just wouldn’t wake up. So after the day was over, they’d decided to leave her in the clean air chamber and observe.

It had taken four days for her to come back to the world, and several months to heal all of the ceruleum burns on her skin. There were some scars that would likely never heal, she’d been told, like the spots on her back that had been scraped on her way into the vat, where the substance had seeped into the flesh and burned it deeper than other places. And despite never once having been bothered by anyone’s indiscriminate use of aether after that incident, she also wasn’t sure what long-lasting negative effects it had had on her–

“--Eorzea to Lydi.” The brunette hyur woman who stood before her had two small drums of ceruleum, which she was holding out toward her. Lydi blinked, and then smiled at the woman.

“Thanks, Imelda.”

“Anytime. Tell Silver she owes me a visit herself, though; I miss that wench.”

Lydi snickered. “I’ll be sure to tell her,” she promised, and then chewed on her bottom lip a moment. “Thanks for sending the drums here first.”

“I get it,” Imelda said. “You haven’t been the same since you took the dip. Wouldn’t want to stir up memories for ya that’re less than pleasant, aye?” She reached out and clapped a gentle hand on Lydi’s shoulder. “Heard one other person did it a few months ago. They weren’t so lucky as you. Weren’t wearin’ a mask, and swallowed it.”

Lydi winced. “Oh,” she managed, and her leaf-green eyes lowered. “Man, that… that’s shitty.” But then she screwed her face up in determination. “They need a metal grid over the top of that thing for when they have to open the hatch to resup or repair.”

“Good luck gettin’ the ceruleum barons to spend more money on th’ facility, love.”

“Maybe I’ll use my ceruleum superpowers and make them listen,” she shot back, grinning at the woman, and laughing when Imelda gasped.

“You got superpowers!?”

Lydi set the drums down and flexed, her smile brilliant, before she suddenly deflated. “No… I think I lost some superpowers, actually.”

Imelda started laughing. “Well, let ‘em sweat anyway.”

[moonriseblueeyes]

7, 15, 44 for the pinned ask game! Also hiii I feel like we haven't talked in ages

Hi Belle!

I'm really sorry that I haven't been super active while in Germany 😔. Also, I think the time difference is also affecting my inactivity. I'll be better about this!

7:Have tattoos?

No, but I've considered maybe a small one that I can hide with hair/clothes.

7:Favorite movie?

Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back

44:A random fact about anything

Since I'm an aero nerd,

In modern jet engines, the temperature in the combustion chamber often reaches as high as half the temperature of the surface of the sun (where the temperature of the sun's surface is ~5,500 degrees Celsius)

[blue-blue-blue1515]

Professional Guide to Steam Boilers

Introduction:

A steam boiler is an essential component in industrial and commercial heating systems, providing efficient and reliable steam generation for various applications. This professional guide explores the fundamentals of steam boilers, including their types, working principles, efficiency factors, and maintenance best practices. Whether you’re selecting a boiler for your facility or looking to optimize its performance, this guide will provide you with the key insights needed for safe and efficient operation.

Working Principle of Steam Boiler

The working principle of steam boiler is very simple. In this system, liquid is pumped into the boiler and fuel is burned in the part called combustion chamber. The heat generated by the combustion of fuel makes the liquid inside boil. Water boils above a certain temperature and forms steam. Harmful gases produced by combustion are filtered and discharged to the outside.

Why use steam boiler?

Steam boiler is a highly efficient heating system. Steam boilers can use a variety of fuels. In these boilers, water can easily reach the required temperature and the steam produced by this environmentally friendly system can provide heat. The steam produced is transported to other places through pipes.

Price of steam boiler

It is a closed pressure vessel with hot water on one side and the other side of the steam boiler surface, which contains channels for the circulation of flame smoke emissions generated by the combustion of heat-producing fuel. Steam boilers evaporate water by heating. They are often used in different industries because they are ideal heaters, environmentally friendly, and it is easy to control the temperature through them. Steam reduces corrosion of equipment and is not flammable. Therefore, it is less likely to be a source of fire. Coal, diesel, natural gas and other fossil fuels can be used for steam boilers. It is found in many fields from petrochemical to paper industry, from refineries to food industry. It is also used in the fertilizer, disinfection and building materials industries. Of course, all steam boilers used in these different fields are not priced the same. Steam boilers vary in price. Although the working principle is the same, there are more types of these products and their functions are different.

Why are steam boilers priced appropriately?

Steam boilers are often favored by industries and industrial institutions because of their low-cost products. So, what are the main factors that make them affordable? First of all, steam boilers have the property of being recyclable. Recyclability saves energy in the long run. Producing products from scratch emits a lot of substances into nature, which in the long run will cause negative climate change. However, producing products from recycled materials will greatly reduce emissions, reduce costs, and therefore offer a more favorable price to the market. Regardless of the fuel in it, the delivery of the fluid is achieved by the pressure generated by itself. This type of product does not require a pump. This is an important factor that reduces its cost. It is a very good heat carrier. This is because it is transmitted through small diameter pipes. This paves the way for energy saving. The low investment cost and low installation cost make it extremely affordable.

What determines the price of a steam boiler?

The price of a steam boiler can vary depending on the type of fuel in the boiler, the working pressure and the optional equipment or many technical features of the product. First of all, the first thing that determines the price of a steam boiler is the type of steam boiler. As you know, steam boilers are divided into many types. According to their fuel, they are liquid fuel, solid fuel and gas fuel steam boilers. One of the factors that determine the price is the capacity of the boiler. Depending on the project needs, the desired product model is preferred. The full cylindrical type has a slightly higher price due to the higher material consumption. The place of production of the product is also a very important factor in determining its price. If you want to buy a steam boiler from abroad, you need to pay close attention to the price.

Because exchange rate fluctuations depending on currency differences may affect the cost. Generally speaking, the price of models purchased from abroad is higher than domestic models. If saving money is important to you, we recommend that you look at domestic models. One of the factors that determine the price of a steam boiler is the steam production capacity. As the steam capacity that can be produced increases, the price will also increase accordingly. The materials used in the production can also be counted as one of the factors that increase or decrease the price. Steam boilers offer a very practical use experience with their large heat transfer surface; they are combined with equipment such as burners, water supply pumps, safety devices, control and safety panels, condensate tanks and softened water systems to work in harmony with each other.

The systems we mentioned can be integrated into steam boiler systems or can be provided as kits to the heat and energy sector. Selling in kit form is a good way to save money. One way to save money is to choose second-hand products. If you want to buy a high-specification product at an affordable price, you can consider buying a second-hand steam boiler for your business. However, the cost of the product you will buy should not be your only criterion. Of course, the technical characteristics of the model are more important than the price. Be sure to investigate these characteristics before buying.

Steam Boiler Production

Today’s industrial world attaches great importance to energy efficiency and reliability, and many industries have begun to use steam boilers. Steam boilers are designed to meet the needs of enterprises and can be widely used in power plants, food processing plants, etc.

Industrial Boiler Production and Technological Advances

Technological advances in steam boiler manufacturing focus on achieving higher energy efficiency and lower carbon footprint. Advanced thermal design and material engineering make steam boilers more durable and long-lasting.

Solutions for Special Needs

Manufacturers are well aware that every industry has different needs and therefore cater to the needs of their customers by providing specially designed steam boilers. Steam boilers of different capacities and specifications are designed to best meet the specific requirements of industrial plants.You can contact us for a free quote: 0086 132-1322-2805.