#coenzyme

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Vitamin B3, niacin (from tobacco)

Nicotinic acid (Na) is one of the three structural isomers of pyridinecarboxylic acid. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are collectively called niacin. Niacin corresponds to vitamin B3 in the vitamin B group.

history

In 1867, it was discovered as a carboxylic acid obtained by oxidizing the alkaloid nicotine, and was given the common name nicotinic acid. In 1911, Umetaro Suzuki and C. Funk isolated it from living organisms as a pellagra-preventive factor. In 1937 C.A.Elvehjem revealed that nicotinic acid is a vitamin. Around the end of the 20th century, annual global production of nicotinic acid reached more than 10,000 tons[2]. However, most of it was produced for feed, and nicotinic acid for human food additives and pharmaceuticals was less than 10% of the total production.

Manufacturing method/Biosynthesis

It is obtained by oxidizing pyridine derivatives such as β-picoline with a side chain at the 3-position with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid and potassium permanganate. It is also synthesized by a method of constructing a pyridine ring. Salts of nicotinic acid and copper are sparingly soluble in water.

In animals and fungi, it is synthesized in vivo from tryptophan via kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, while in plants and bacteria it is biosynthesized from aspartic acid and the C3 unit, a glycerol-related metabolite.

physiological activity

Main article: Niacin

In vivo, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate containing nicotinic acid in a partial structure are hydrogen acceptors of oxidoreductases and are important as coenzymes.

ニコチン酸（ニコチンさん、英: nicotinic acid、Na）とは、ピリジンカルボン酸（英語版）の3つの構造異性体の中の1つである。ニコチン酸とニコチン酸アミドを総称してナイアシンと呼ばれる。ナイアシンは、ビタミンB群の中のビタミンB3に当たる。

歴史

1867年にアルカロイドのニコチンを酸化して得られるカルボン酸として発見され、ニコチン酸という慣用名が与えられた。1911年に鈴木梅太郎およびC.Funkらが生体より抗ペラグラ因子（こうペラグラいんし、pellagra‐preventive factor）として単離した。ニコチン酸がビタミンであることは、1937年にC.A.Elvehjemによって明らかにされた。 20世紀末頃で世界中の1年間のニコチン酸の生産量を合算すると、1万トン以上に達していた[2]。ただし、その大部分は飼料用として生産されていた物であって、ヒトに用いる食品添加物や医薬品用のニコチン酸は、全生産量の1割にも満たない量であった。

製法・生合成

3位に側鎖を持つβ-ピコリンなどピリジン誘導体を、硝酸や過マンガン酸カリウムなど強い酸化剤で酸化すると得られる。また、ピリジン環を構築する方法でも合成される。ニコチン酸と銅との塩は、水に溶けにくい。

動物・菌類では生体内で、トリプトファンからキヌレニン、3‐ヒドロキシアントラニル酸を経由して、一方、植物や細菌ではアスパラギン酸とグリセロール近縁代謝物質であるC3ユニットから生合成される。

生理活性

詳細は「ナイアシン」を参照

生体内では、ニコチン酸を部分構造に含むニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドやニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸が、酸化還元酵素の水素受容体であり、補酵素として重要である。

Wikipediaより

Smoke (tobacco) is an indispensable material for human beings.

Rei Morishita

[gillianthecat]

I'm getting annoyed about the lack of clarity about the definitions of coenzyme and cofactor, but at least I'm not alone:

A 1980 letter in Trends in Biochemistry Sciences noted the confusion in the literature and the essentially arbitrary distinction made between prosthetic groups and coenzymes group and proposed the following scheme... However, the author could not arrive at a single all-encompassing definition of a "coenzyme" and proposed that this term be dropped from use in the literature.

from the wikipedia article on cofactor (biochemistry)

On the other hand, it's been over 40 years and the definitions don't seem to be any clearer. Or at least I can't find any good, complete explanations. Get it together, scientists!

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Key Benefits Coenzyme Q10 Nanoparticles - Flawless Beauty

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3 Things Polyphenols Supplements Help With

Boosting Antioxidant Levels

Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that have powerful antioxidant properties. When taken as supplements, polyphenols can significantly boost the body's ability to fight off oxidative stress, which is linked to various chronic diseases. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage. This protection is vital for maintaining long-term health and preventing conditions like heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers.

Supporting Heart Health

One of the key benefits of polyphenols vitamins is their ability to support heart health. These compounds help improve blood circulation and reduce blood pressure, which can lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols also play a role in reducing inflammation, a critical factor in heart disease. By maintaining the elasticity of the arteries and inhibiting the oxidation of LDL cholesterol (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol), polyphenols help keep the cardiovascular system functioning smoothly.

Enhancing Brain Function

Polyphenols have shown promising results in enhancing brain function and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. These compounds interact with the pathways involved in brain aging and can help improve memory, learning and cognitive function. By increasing blood flow to the brain and modulating neurotransmitter activity, polyphenols can help maintain cognitive abilities as we age.

Including polyphenols vitamins in your diet through supplements can be a proactive way to enhance your overall health and protect against various age-related diseases. Their broad range of benefits makes them a valuable addition to a health-conscious lifestyle.

Read a similar article about DHA omega vitamins here at this page.

[simplyherbalofficial]

Revitalize Your Heart: The Benefits of Simply Herbal CoQ10

Meta Description: Discover how Simply Herbal CoQ10 Tablets can support heart health and energy metabolism, promoting overall well-being.

Introduction: Simply Herbal CoQ10 Natural Coenzyme Q10 Tablets are a powerful dietary supplement designed to promote heart health and enhance energy metabolism. Coenzyme Q10, often referred to as CoQ10, is a vital nutrient found in every cell of the body, playing a crucial role in the production of energy. This article explores the heart health benefits of CoQ10 and how Simply Herbal’s formulation can support your cardiovascular wellness.

1. What is Coenzyme Q10? CoQ10 is a naturally occurring antioxidant that helps convert food into energy, particularly in the heart, which requires a significant amount of energy to function effectively. As we age, the levels of CoQ10 in our bodies may decrease, making supplementation important for maintaining optimal heart health.

2. Heart Health Benefits of CoQ10:

Supports Cardiovascular Function: CoQ10 has been shown to improve endothelial function, which is vital for maintaining healthy blood vessels and proper circulation. This can lead to improved overall heart function and reduced strain on the heart.

Reduces Oxidative Stress: As a powerful antioxidant, CoQ10 helps neutralize free radicals that can cause oxidative damage to heart cells. By reducing oxidative stress, CoQ10 supports overall heart health and longevity.

Improves Energy Metabolism: CoQ10 plays a key role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of cells. By enhancing energy metabolism, CoQ10 helps ensure that the heart has the energy it needs to function efficiently.

May Support Healthy Blood Pressure: Some studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation can help maintain healthy blood pressure levels, contributing to overall cardiovascular health.

3. Why Choose Simply Herbal CoQ10? Simply Herbal CoQ10 Tablets are formulated with Bioperine to enhance absorption, ensuring that your body receives the maximum benefits from each tablet. With 200mg of natural CoQ10 per serving, these tablets provide a potent dose for those looking to support their heart health.

4. How to Use Simply Herbal CoQ10:

Recommended Dosage: For optimal results, take one tablet daily with a meal. Consistency is key to experiencing the full benefits of CoQ10 supplementation.

Consultation: It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you have existing heart conditions or are taking medications.

Conclusion: Simply Herbal CoQ10 Natural Coenzyme Q10 Tablets offer a convenient and effective way to support heart health and energy metabolism. With its powerful antioxidant properties and role in energy production, CoQ10 is essential for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Incorporate Simply Herbal CoQ10 into your daily routine to promote heart health and enhance overall well-being.

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coq10 benefits

Discovery and Characteristics of Coenzyme Q10

In 1957, an American doctor discovered coenzyme Q10 in the hearts of cattle. However, it was not until 1974 that Japan became the first to commercialize and market it as a product. Although discovered in the United States, Japan took the initiative to commercialize it due to specific reasons. Coenzyme Q10 is a substance produced naturally in our bodies. Since substances found in living organisms or nature are not protected by patents, materials such as coenzyme Q10 and policosanol are no exception. The lack of patents means no profit for companies, leading multinational pharmaceutical companies to abandon the development of coenzyme Q10 as a therapeutic agent. This signifies that it is not beneficial not only for pharmaceutical companies but also for hospitals and doctors.

Functions and Effects of Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10, also known as CoQ10 or CoQten, exists throughout our bodies. To facilitate the activity of cells in our bodies, nutrients need to be converted into energy. CoQ10 acts like a lubricant in this process, aiding cells in smooth operation. As a result, it is found abundantly in areas of the body, particularly the heart, which requires it the most. This is one of the reasons why CoQ10 was initially discovered in the hearts of cattle.

Various benefits of CoQ10 are now becoming more widely known. In 1978, Peter Mitchell conducted research on how CoQ10 helps prevent heart disease, leading to him being awarded the Nobel Prize. There are also research findings suggesting that CoQ10 delays aging. One of the causes of aging is reactive oxygen species. Vitamin E helps neutralize reactive oxygen species. However, vitamin E can become harmful after neutralizing reactive oxygen species. This is where CoQ10 plays a crucial role. CoQ10 helps reduce the side effects that vitamin E may produce after neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Therefore, when taking vitamin E to delay aging, it is recommended to take it together with CoQ10.

Supplementation and Management of Coenzyme Q10

It is also important to purify harmful reactive oxygen species produced after exercise, and one way to do this is by taking CoQ10 before and after marathons. Although our bodies produce CoQ10 themselves, the problem is that this production capacity decreases with age. After the age of 20, the production capacity gradually declines, and by the time one reaches their 40s, it may become insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement CoQ10 after the age of 40 to slow down the aging process. There are almost no side effects, but because CoQ10 has a strong effect of lowering blood pressure, dizziness due to low blood pressure may occur when taken with blood pressure medication.

Methods of Consumption and Precautions for Coenzyme Q10

The optimal timing for taking CoQ10 is with food or after meals. This promotes absorption in the intestines, maximizing the effects of the medication. Similarly, other vitamins are also recommended to be taken after meals. People with high cholesterol levels are mainly prescribed a medication called statins. Statins are widely used worldwide as a treatment for high cholesterol. However, statins can interfere with the body's production of CoQ10. Therefore, it is advisable to take CoQ10 together with statins. In the UK, there are products available that coat CoQ10 and statins together, allowing them to be taken together.

Product Selection and Purchase of Coenzyme Q10

Most CoQ10 products worldwide are made from raw materials sourced from Japan. Therefore, when choosing a product, it is unnecessary to pay attention to the brand since they use the same raw materials. It is sufficient to consider only the price and quantity. Although Coenzyme Q10 lacks patents and is not profitable from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies or hospitals, it can be considered a cost-effective medication from the consumer's point of view. Coenzyme Q10 has significant impacts on our bodies and can greatly contribute to maintaining health through proper management and consumption.

reference :

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