#campaign 3 episode 50

[grigori77]

Critical Role, Campaign 3 Episode 50

Yeah, I know, FIFTY IN. It's a big deal, and I sense it's gonna be a big one too ...

Gale? Really? Sweet! XD Wow ... Travis and Marisha are REALLY going for this one ... andnow the hilariously painful info dumb ... yeah, I'm with Matt, that's too good ... ah, the twist! So sweet! XD

Wow ... Matt, way to ham it up on THIS ad for NordVPN!

Ah, a little Jester and Artie fun before the titles. :3 Just what we need!

"At dawn we plan ... we did ... NO PLANNING." Yup, that's about right.

Oof ... Ashley, WHAT?!!! Where even ARE YOU right now? XD It's adorable ...

Liam: "You want to nail our plan to the WEATHER?!!!" Indeed.

Wait a minute ... WHY is Liam so low down? Is he playing Orym Method style this session?

Oh yeah, Ira Wendagoth, as creepy as ever ...

WHISPERS?!!! Already? Blimey!

Matt's sound effect as he describes the lens appearing out of nowhere ... yeah, I'm with Ashley, that shit funny.

Xandis: "Yah, okay, who am I to argue with the giant black spider man?"

Sacrifice for the Changebringer? Really, Chet? And FCG ACTUALLY has to ROLL FOR THAT DECISION?!!! OMG!!! Orym: "Nice to see you're adding NUANCE to your worship now, FCG." Yes, indeed.

Laudna: "He's got a real grudge against the gods." Ira: "Hmmm, I've noticed, it's ... adorable."

Wow ... Fearne is REALLY picking the Nightmare King's pockets for the spyglass ... AND IT WORKS?!!! Priceless! XD

Oof, this is a dilemma ... FCG is REALLY willing to stay on the ship when they CRASH IT?!!! Yeah, that flying plan us NOT gonna work ...

Laudna explaining the plan to Ira is SENDING ME so we'll ... XD

Oh, FCG and Fearne on the ship if she Polymorphs and flies them both off ... yeah, that works.

Ah yes ... Laudna asks Ira if he's gonna betray them is the sweetest way and he tells them OF COURSE they can't trust him in exactly the same tone. Yup ...

Imogen asks Ira if he can teleport ... Matt ACTUALLY has to CHECK THE CHARACTER SHEET? REALLY?!!!

No, really, Imogen calling her Mum is like THE WORST IDEA, really. DO NOT DO THAT.

Whoa ... the Circlet KEEPS OUT THE NOISE!!! Wow, that is SWEET!!! Imogen's like SO HAPPY about that it's so cute.

Wow, okay ... Chetney's like TOTALLY trying to break it to Xzndis zbout what they're doing ... no, wait ... HE'S LYING?!!! Chet, what are you DOING?!!!

Oh yeah, he's totally not buying this ... and really NOT happy about it either, clearly ... hmm ...

Xandis: "You're asking me to go down with the ship?" Um ... no?

Oh so now he's gonna TEACH FEARNE how to fly it? Hmmm ... oh boy, and now she's at the wheel ... oooh ... this could go SO BAD ...

Wow, she is REALLY bad at this ...

Oh, Enhance Ability. Won't that GO AWAY after a while? Hmmm?

Whoa, they actually have Ruby Vsnguard disguises? Wow ... that could work ...

Ah, yes? Exit strategy, we forgot about that ... oh, so NO exit strategy? Okay ...

They're all getting SO CONFUSED!!! What's even happening now? Help!

Travis: "Because y'know I got cattle prod experience." Umm ... okay?

Oh boy, Fearne is like TOTALLY BUSTED now ... XD

Dropping off the crew ... yeah, if they don't come back ... hmmm ... that's not, like, foreboding or anything.

"Gnome sinkholes?"

Making fun of those awful math riddles from elementary. Sam: "The doctor was his mother! That was the answer!"

Ooh, danishes! Yum! Oh, they're special magic danishes? Hmmm ...

Imogen messaging Keyleth? Cool! "Our arrival isn't ... quiet." Oh, okay then. XD

Phase 2? Okay ... so who's gonna be what? Ruby Vanguard or Paragon's Call? Meanwhile Chetney insists on being naked with the Apron on ...

Laudna putting on a little foundation and rouge to appear less dead ... yeah ... might be wise.

Touchdown ...

Now it's time to SPLIT THE PARTY ... oooof ... y'know I hate it when they do that. Now we're all worried ...

Laudna's flirting with Ira again and Chetney's totally calling her on it. XD

Yet again Ashton tries to pick Fearne's pockets again while hugging her ... something irreplaceable? She kisses him om the forehead. Ashton: "Fuck ... well that's just really hard to steal back, isn't it?"

"Bell's Hells!" "And Xandis!"

Oh yeah, I'd forgotten about the Crawler ...

More seriously spooky perception from Orym ... yup, par for the course.

Carrying on on foot ... okay ... oh, a tree for Keyleth! Perfect!

Whoa, what's THIS thing? Possible outpost? Hmmm ... oh, so they ARE gonna check it out? Oh, nice stealth check, Travis! Oh, wreckage? What the hell is this?

A skyship? Whoa ... oh, and this is FRESH?!!! Oh, that can't be good ... FUUUUUUUUUUUCK!!!

Okay, so are they changing the plan or not?

Checking for traps ... and now what is THIS? Oh, they've arrived. Okay then ...

Wait ... incoming crawler? Hide or act natural! Group deception roll! Phew ... JUST passed that one ...

Trying to bluff their way in ... persuasion or deception? 19? NICE!!! And it works! They're in, but under VERY close scrutiny ... and now EVERYBODY has to make a check? Okay ... oof ... and it doesn't QUITE pass muster ... shit!

The fight in the kitchen? Hmmm ... oh yeah, that's right, Chetney WAS a wolf at the time ...

Liam: "If we keep talking, and keep HIM (Chetney) from talking, everything should be fine." REALLY?!!!

So they're NOT gonna go for it then?

ANOTHER deception check? Aaaaaaaagh!

Oh shit ... and it's all kicking off ...

Great, now Ashton's frozen solid ... oh, and now Chetney's just getting nasty! Matt: "And THAT'S where we're gonna take our break!" Aaah!

Woof ... BATTLEMAP ALREADY?!!! EEP!!! And fuck that automaton is HUGE!!!

ROLL INITIATIVE!!!

Form of Dread! Here we go! Ooh, and BANE too! OF COURSE Liam and Ashley immediately start their Dark Knight Bane impressions. XD

Titties?

Firebolt? Yikes ... oh, and even at disadvantage it STILL hits? Ouch!

And Imogen is STILL maintaining the deception ...

Chetney goes full on feral and just SHREDS this guy! Yeah, he is FUCKED UP now ... and now Chet's just using him as a "meat shield".

Oh, and now Ashton's free again! Nice!

Orym goes all in! Trash that mage, wee man! And the other guy just TOTALLY tanks both his attacks on him too! Phew!

Ashton Rages ... and goes slightly invisible? Freaky Reckless weirdness! Big hits AND he shoves him! Boom!

Oh boy ... and now here comes the Warder ... oh boy ... this massive thing is TERRIFYING!!! Big hit on Ashton! Thank fuck he's raging!

Imogen uses Telekinetic Shove to pull a bait and switch and take Orym's place! Crazy! Oh nice and she just COOKS these guys with her lightning! Sweet! And one of them is just DONE!!! Another one proper FUCKED UP too!

Laudna chucks Pate at the automaton and casts Shocking Grasp through him into it ... Holy FUCK!!! Nice move!

And now Chetney is CLIMBING THE ROBOT!!! OH MY FUCKING GODS!!! Oh yeah, IS THERE an off switch? Oh, there's SOMETHING ... some kind of trapdoor?

Marisha is now STANDING UP AND HOVERING over the table! This is getting SERIOUS!!!

Ashton: "Hands off the brain!" BOOM!!! Fuck, ACID DAMAGE?!!! Nasty! And THAT is all THAT GUY wrote!

Now it's the Warder's turn again ... while Chetney is ON IT!!! OH SHIT!!! That trap is a FLAMETHROWER!!! FUUUUUUUCK!!!

"Hi, I'm Melee." XD

Wow, this thing is now GROVELLING!!! That is WILD!!!

18 does not hit! Oof ... big old armored beasty! 23 works, though. Inflicting SOME damage, at least ...

Laudna casts Eldritch Blast UP ITS BUTT!!!

So 20 JUST hits? Oof ... good thing Orym is a badass!

Ashton RIPPLES through space as he just BATTERS the thing! And ... "Oh that's TERRIBLE!!!" What? Oh ... so that DID fuck it up some at least ...

All it can do this turn is GET UP again? Phew ...

Imogen does Shocking Grasp on it ... NATURAL 20 means DOUBLE DICE OF DAMAGE!!! Oof ... yeah, that REALLY fucked it up!

Laudna ALSO does Shocking Grasp through Pate! Nice! And she gets the HDYWTDT!!! Sweet! Full on lightning rod effect! Crunch! It is DEAD.

So much for THIS combat then ... did anybody notice? Whoa ... seriously, did NOBODY ELSE pick up on this big scrap?

Wait ... something just GRABS Imogen? Aaah!

Okay ... who IS this? Are they NOT a threat? Potential ally? Hmmmm ...

Release ... that doesn't work? Wait ... a FLICK?!!! what the hell?

What the fuck ... BEAUREGARD LIONETT?!!! Are you fucking KIDDING ME?!!!

Covering the dead robot with the fallen tent? Smart move. Might even work ...

Marisha: "Is the dirt wizard here?" Matt: "Why would the dirt wizard be here?" Hmmm ...

Fearne: "She's so hot." SERIOUSLY?!!!

Oh my gods REALLY! Ashley's FACE!!! It's like Fearne is just totally smitten already! Except of course she's not actually HERE right now, so ...

FUCK!!! Caleb too! This is INSANE and I'm loving it!

Oh, they're FRIENDS of the Verity? That makes sense, then. And they know Ryn! Okay then.

All right seriously, are the rest of the Nein here too? PLEASE?!!!

Ooooooh ... the fact that it's Imogen's mum is NOT going over well, then ...

Perpetual Ripple? That sounds serious ...

Oh, so THE NEIN were the team in the Shadowfell? Now THAT makes sense!

"Dope monk shit!" Oh boy this just got SOOOOOO meta! XD

So apparently it's JUST them and not the rest of the Nein? Okay then ... kind of makes sense too, given their work ... makes me wonder sbout Yasha, though ...

Caleb: "We're not necessarily --" Chetney: "Smart?" Oooooooooh ...

Dunamis ... Orym: "What's dunabis?" Snort!

Travis: "I just can't right now." Laura: "He's like a best-of." Matt: "You guys made some entwined characters."

LOL ... Beau calling Chetney a "talking pet" ... XD

Laudna namedrops the Nightmare King and Beau is just like INSTANTLY DONE. XD

Ah yes. The residuum. I wondered when that would come up again.

Imogen: "Do either of you have the ability to heal anyone?" Caleb: "Nein." Orym: "You can only heal NINE of us?"

Voltron the dead automaton? Really?

Oh my gods they're ACTUALLY gonna TRY and make this work ... oh boy ... and that's a no then, no chance.

Oh shit! Crawler! Deception again? 20? Nice ...

Beau DOES NOT like having Imogen in her head and I am NOT surprised.

Okay, now what?

Matt: "And that's where we're gonna call it a night." Yup, seems like a good place to stop.

Those random rolls got people killed in the Shadowfell? REALLY?!!!

Anniversary episode next? Cool! Roll on next week, then ...

[aimless-otter]

Laura and Liam Messing with Each Other

[hanaaria]

holy shit im just 1 episode away from the fancy and the fooled aka the episode i've been waiting for ever since i've learned about essek and his whole deal. it only took me approximately half a year to get here!

[atomicfunnightmare]

Apogee solstice! Go, go Red Moon!

[retrokid616]

Critical Role Episode 50 pre-game

so here we are episode 50 so how do i feel knowing its the solstice well an old 80s movie said it best THERE CAN BE ONLY ONE!

and by that i mean holly shit please for the love of the dice gods there is not a TPK tonight anyway in other news matt's guest GM'ing a season D20 later this year.

so yeah

all that and more this week so until then see y'all in the live blogs tonight.

[mareastrorum]

That last episode really wasn’t as interesting as the discourse suggests, and that’s pretty much the problem:

First, Ludinus’s fight was not of the caliber expected for a final boss fight, which (in combination with his staff) suggests that it won’t be the last time we’ll see him. The issue is that the audience is generally quite tired of Ludinus because (1) he has made far too many appearances for a villain with a single-minded goal, (2) his interactions with the PCs are uninteresting because his motivations don't resonate with them in agreement or opposition, and (3) Delilah did the whole “Cerberus Assembly wizard who refuses to stay dead” thing in this very campaign (plus it was far more thematically appropriate for a necromancer) and that takes the dramatic tension out of the possibility. No one cast member bears the blame for those 3 issues; Matt probably should have pivoted to give Ludinus additional motivations when the Hells had so consistently demonstrated an inability to commit to the gods question, and the players should have done something to build a sense of purpose in their group (which would be their reason to oppose the villain). Instead we're left with "this guy has rancid vibes, kill him and do what he wanted us to anyway."

Second, the PCs’ decisions leading up to this point have annihilated any semblance of tragedy in the narrative. This isn’t a tragedy because that genre rests on eliciting a feeling that the characters deserved better, but the audience nevertheless understands why it turned out this way. That can arise from paying attention to institutional injustices, the allure of cycles of violence, or the development of tragic flaws (strengths causing a downfall). That isn't C3; this is a bunch of trite flaws (selfishness, short-sightedness, pettiness, favoritism, etc.) turning out to be flaws. It would have been amazing if this had been an example of hubris like we saw in EXU Calamity, but each of those main characters were bursting with pride in themselves, their city, and mortality, and while that hubris brought the Lord of the Hells back, they managed to prevent the worst case scenario using the exact same skills and resources. None of that is present here. Bell’s Hells are constantly trying to shift the captain’s hat to someone else, and their ship has been heading straight for rocks for the past 60 episodes. There was no intention to sail into the rocks. It wasn’t their strengths that led to Imogen accepting Predathos; it was the same indecisiveness that has plagued them the entire campaign. They had 118 episodes to build a proper tragedy, and instead we have a story that took hundreds of hours to say that unreliable people shouldn’t be relied upon. The result has been numerous posts hoping for the Hells to suffer all sorts of consequences (TPK, specific player deaths, refusal of aid from the gods) for failing to commit to a course of action. Why? Because then at least there would be some type of cathartic satisfaction that Fucking Around means they’re going to Find Out. It has nothing to do with imaginary people deserving a better ending and everything to do with feeling like this ending would have been more satisfying around episode 50.

These criticisms are not about facets within the story; it's not about whether X character was correct, whether Y fucked up, whether Z plan was the better choice. It's that sometimes people don't land their bit for improv shows, and that is disappointing after seeing skilled storytellers do so well with prior campaigns.

[tarydarrington]

campaign 2 episode 10 x campaign 3 episode 50

[bakersdaughter21]

Anthony Birch choking up as he narrates the end of his second campaign that spanned over 2 years, with 50+ episodes, carrying a story through 3+ generations, cultivating a following and a community of love and support and silliness, with his four friends and phenomenal players that helped elevate an already amazing story and concept…

just… that last episode. Those tears in his voice. It was like his child grew up before his eyes and is now going off into the world…

[henrenologist]

seasons 3 and 7 are the best seasons of 911 for the simple reason they are the only ones in which karen is in over 50% of episodes. with your support we can add s8 to that list. by joining my letter writing campaign,

[starling-illu]

finally catching up on campaign 3

I'm only 50 episodes behind 🥲

[utilitycaster]

Finally seeing Bells Hells/c3 biggest fans and supporters after 3 years saying, "Some of you are so afraid to criticise CR that you end making other people feel like shit for voicing their valid criticism. We are allowed to complain about media that we’ve invested so much time on and paying for 😐". Its ironic because JUST last week everything was perfect. Or c3 is perfect but all the other parties, breaks etc. Im like that IS c3. The Villian is fr MN and the party is tied to VM. C3 is all party

going to give the mean and sarcastic answer (not to you, to the people you're talking about) and then the thoughtful one because I think both are important to voice here

mean sarcastic answer is "actually Matt was homeless once so I can't believe you're resorting to leftist infighting and criticizing him like that? You can't criticize anything involving Bells Hells because all of the characters are queer and also Beau is a brown lesbian so it's really racist of you to be upset that she showed up in the charity one-shot and most of the Mighty Nein and Vox Machina have trauma so it's actually really problematic of you to be mad that they're showing up in the wrap-up? smh C3 fans are just mad this isn't The Bells Hells Search For Their Neighbor's Missing Cat In The Alps show."

The serious answer really is that like, yeah, this campaign has been The Moon Plot And Past Parties campaign the entire time. I'm not going to link my entire blog here but my archive is extensive and if you were to cross-reference my opinions over the course of the campaign you could see that I (and my many other allegedly evil Campaign 2 stan pals with which this fandom is crawling, as if we are apparently the invasive species here and not the bears in whose neighborhoods you built a cul de sac and tried to shoo out) started out with high hopes for a third campaign on the heels of two excellent prior ones. Our disappointment is that at every turn we had to lower our bar; forgive me if, after a campaign in which every time anyone else said "wow, fucked up that they yanked away the football, that's disappointing" you harassed and mocked us, no one has any sympathy when the campaign ends at, frankly, a not unsurprising place for it to end. It's openly been called the Avengers Assemble campaign by the cast. Like, actually, almost everyone else had the opinion of "I wish this campaign focused primarily on Bells Hells"/"I wish this campaign were more rooted in Marquet" from, frankly, the second that Vox Machina appeared if not earlier, and that's when a lot of the people currently melting down started watching. I have been here so long that the people sending me anon hate have had full turnover. And yeah, just last week everything was all going to turn out okay, and it's like while it's fair to have had more hope for the campaign around episode 50, if you're in the endgame and nothing's clicking, I think it's okay to say "well, I'll see this through to the end but here are the many failures of this campaign over all".

I think it's extremely valid if, when the people lobbied every insult and accusation they could think of at you when you criticized the campaign or any of its characters before 9:00 AM Pacific Time on Thursday, January 30th, 2025, suddenly find themselves realizing that yeah, this campaign has a track record of jumping around to other parties when Bells Hells should probably have been in focus, and that the character arcs were mostly cut short in favor of the singular moon plot and it's virtually impossible to end in a way that is entirely satisfying, though the world state will probably be intriguing and the characters will probably get some blandly happy endings in between cuts to Vox Machina and the Mighty Nein; one's reaction isn't "oh, you poor thing" but rather "We told you so." The party may have fucked around and never really found out. I will have to take my satisfaction that (as multiple mutuals who have seen this all unfold pointed out) the people who have used their fandom of this campaign to throw rocks at anyone they didn't like and feel morally righteous in doing so are reaping what they sowed. I have no control over the outcome of the end of this campaign but I can certainly control whether I have any sympathy for those who are reeling from a revelation most of us figured out months ago, and they've been so consistently awful to everyone else at every turn that I cannot say I do.

I think it's valid to criticize Critical Role. I've been doing so all campaign. I was against toxic positivity in the fandom during Campaign 2, and while I'm not entirely proud of everything I've done and said this campaign, at least I feel secure in never demanding anything from others I did not practice myself. If the fandom is better during a hypothetical Campaign 4 I think it will be in part because hopefully a C4 party won't be as much of an attraction for that kind of dish-it-out-and-never-take-it loser Bells Hells appealed to; and because hopefully those same losers will have either left, or learned a bitter lesson for whom they have only themselves to blame.

[twinklestarss]

Campaign 3 Episode 50: Red Moon Rising

[lazyworksinprogress]

The art of the pivot or "when life gives you lemons" monologue as performed by Roderick Usher - The Fall of the House of Usher, episode 3 "Murder in the Rue Morgue"

"One thing I tried to teach them, the art of the pivot. When life hands you lemons... first you roll out a multimedia campaign to convince people lemons are incredibly scarce, which only works if you stockpile lemons, control the supply, then a... A media blitz. Lemon is the only way to say "I love you," the must-have accessory for engagements or anniversaries. Roses are out, lemons are in. Billboards that say she won't have sex with you unless you got lemons. You cut De Beers in on it. Limited edition lemon bracelets, yellow diamonds called lemon drops. You get Apple to call their new operating system OS-Lemón. A little accent over the "o".

You charge 40% more for organic lemons, 50% more for conflict-free lemons. You pack the Capitol with lemon lobbyists, you get a Kardashian to suck a lemon wedge in a leaked sex tape. Timothée Chalamet wears lemon shoes at Cannes. Get a hashtag campaign. Something isn't cool or tight or awesome, no, it's lemon. Did you see that movie? Did you go to that concert? It was effing lemon. Billie Eilish, OMG, hashtag... lemon. You get Dr. Oz to recommend four lemons a day and a lemon suppository supplement to get rid of toxins 'cause there is nothing scarier than toxins. Then you patent the seeds. You write a line of genetic code that makes lemons look just a little more like tits and you get a gene patent for the tit-lemon dna sequence, you cross pollinate, you get those seeds circulating in the wild, and then you sue the farmers for copyright infringement when that genetic code shows up on their land.

Sit back, rake in the millions, and then, when you're done, and you've sold your lem-pire for a few billion dollars, then and only then, you make some fucking lemonade."

[featherbow]

Vox Machina seating with Orion

Vox Machina seating after Orion

Episode 42, Sam and Marisha switch places

Episode 50, Sam and Taliesin switch places (first moved to this arrangement in 43 with Mary and Will also at the table, 50 is the first one I could also get Ashley at the table with the new arrangement) They keep this arrangement to the end

Vox Machina seating in campaign 3 episode 113 (also 114)

[paperglader]

It’s nice to know that no matter what happens on critical role episode 50 of campaign 3, it’s gonna be gay, because marisha decided to show up like this:

This woman is ready to go!! and I thank her deeply for her service.

Marisha:

[maniculum]

For anyone who's enjoyed the recent posts about Tarot-as-a-game, in a surprising bit of kismet, our newest episode covers that topic as well as other matters of playing-card history.

We all like TTRPGs, but what about integrating other games into your tabletop play? This week, we're exploring the history of playing cards, their many variations and occult practices, and how you can utilize their unique history for your worldbuilding and campaigns.

Images and list of suits here.

Join our discord community! Check out our Tumblr for even more! Support us on patreon!

Get your copy of Marginal Worlds, a deck of 50 magic items pulled directly from medieval manuscripts, built for any TTRPG system here!

Socials: Tumblr Website Threads Instagram Facebook

Citations & References:

Berry, John. “Chinese Money-Suited Cards.” The Playing-Card, vol. 31, no. 5, 2003, pp. 230-6.

Caldwell, Ross Sinclair. “The Devil and the Two of Hearts.” The Playing-Card, vol. 37, no. 2, 2008, pp. 126-41.

Caldwell, Ross Sinclair. “The Proto-Historiography of Playing Cards: Early Hypotheses and Beliefs about the Origins of Cards and Card Games in Europe.” The Playing-Card, vol. 38, no. 2, 2009, pp. 92-118.

Chatto, William Andrew. Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. London, 1848.

Culin, Stewart. Korean Games; with Notes on the Corresponding Games of China and Japan. Philadelphia, 1895.

Decker, Ronald, Thierry Depaulis, & Michael Dummett. A Wicked Pack of Cards: the Origins of the Occult Tarot. St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

Dummett, Michael. The Game of Tarot: from Ferrara to Salt Lake City. Duckworth, 1980.

Dummett, Michael. “The History of Card Games.” European Review, vol. 1, no. 2, 1993, pp. 125-35.

Hargrave, Catherine Perry. A History of Playing Cards and a Bibliography of Cards and Gaming. Houghton Mifflin, 1980.

Janssen, Han. “The 14th Century and the Introduction of Playing Cards into Europe.” The Playing-Card, vol. 34, no. 3, 2006, pp. 173-80.

Lo, Andrew. “China’s Passion for Pai: Playing Cards, Dominoes, and Mahjong.” Asian Games: the Art of Contest, edited by Irving L. Finkel et al., Asia Society, 2004, 217-32.

Lo, Andrew. “The Game of Leaves: An Inquiry into the Origin of Chinese Playing Cards.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 63, no. 3, 2000, pp. 389–406.

Lo, Andrew. “The ‘Yezi Pu' (Manual of Leaves): A Card Manual for Games of the Late Ming Period [1368-1644].” The Playing-Card, vol. 31, no. 2, 2002, pp. 86-96.

Maggio, Emilia. “Early Dragons.” The Playing-Card, vol. 45, no. 3, 2017, pp. 131-41.

Pollett, Andrea. “Tȗmȃn, or the Ten Thousand Cups of the Mamluk Cards.” The Playing-Card, vol. 31, no. 1, 2002, pp. 34-41.

Singer, Samuel Weller. Researches into the History of Playing Cards; with Illustrations of the Origin of Printing and Engraving on Wood. London, 1816.

Taylor, Edward Samuel. The History of Playing Cards, with Anecdotes of Their Use in Conjuring, Fortune-Telling, and Card-Sharping. London, 1865.

van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King. The Devil’s Picture-Books: a History of Playing Cards. New York, 1893.

Wilkinson, W. H. “Chinese Origin of Playing Cards.” The American Anthropologist, vol. 8, no. 1, 1895, pp. 61-78.