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nesiacha · 3 months ago

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Execution of 71 revolutionaries during the 11 Thermidor year II

230 years ago on 11 Thermidor 71 revolutionaries were executed:

-Alavoine Joseph , 63 years old.

-Arnaud Bertrand , 55 years old.

-Beaurieux Jean-Jacques 45 years old.

-Bergot Jean-Baptiste , 56 years old,

-Benard or Bernard or Besnard Claude , 28 years old.

-Bernard Jean-Pierre 38 years old"The named Bernard, member of the civil committee of this section and of the General Council of the Commune, appears before the committee and insolently complains that the Muséum section has not complied with the orders of the Commune. All the attendees are indignant at this audacity; and the municipal officer is arrested." (Minutes of the Revolutionary Committee of the section, in Walter, 254)

-Bigaud or Bigaut Claude , , 40 years old . "This section, one of the most agitated, one of the slowest to side with the national representation." (Courtois, in Walter, 277)

-Blin Jacques-Nicolas , 63 years old.

-Boulanger Servais-Baudouin , 38 years old, know as a second-in-command of the Parisian revolutionary army during the second invasion of the revolutionary army in September 1793 . Friend and partisan of Robespierre Hanriot and Le Bas know as honest competent and stayed poor.

-Cazenave Jean 38 years old, born . "The Commune still found some supporters in this section." (Courtois, in Walter, 225)

-Charigny Jean-Baptiste , 55 years old, "Charigny, from the Mont-Blanc section, one of the new members appointed in Prairial by the Committee of Public Safety, had an even better excuse than Vincent: employed at the military transport office, Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, he had returned quietly home after his work, stayed there, and had not set foot at the City Hall. His claim was no more successful than those of Vincent and Bougon." (Sainte-Claire Deville, 330)

-Charlemagne Jean-Philippe-Victor 27 years old "Charlemagne belongs to the personnel of what is conventionally called the Robespierrist Commune; representative of the Brutus section at the General Council, he became its vice-president after the Germinal purge; he will perish on the 10th of Thermidor." (Soboul, 900)

-Chatelain or Chatelin François-Laurent , 43 years "Citizen François-Laurent Chatelain, member of the civil committee of the Lombards section, designated by it to the General Council of the Commune, elected police administrator, artist painter, aged 43, born in Nancy, married, no children, residing in Paris, Rue Quincampoix. The National Convention, considering that Chatelain's property belongs to the Republic, gives him all possible guarantees in execution." (In the National Archives: decision on the nationalization of his property.) "Chatelain, aged 43, member of the civil committee of the Lombards section, chosen by it to the General Council of the Commune, elected police administrator, artist painter, born in Nancy." (In the family file: List of condemned persons of the family: National Archives.)

-Cochois or Cauchois Jean-Baptiste , 54 years old,

"Cochois' efforts with the committees to persuade them to join the Commune had no effect on them and only served to prove his complicity with the conspirators, which led to his death alongside them, struck by the sword of the law." (Courtois, in Walter, 184.)

- Coru Jacques-Pierre 63 years old.

- Cresson Jacques-Louis. Executed on 11 Thermidor.

- Daubancourt René-Toussaint , 43 years old

"Daubancourt, a member of the General Council, wearing the tricolor sash, spoke in favor of the Commune. His arrest was decided, and he was sent to the Committee of General Security. This was approved by the representatives of the people who, shortly after, appeared at the assembly." (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

- Delacour Pierre-Nicolas , 37 years old, very active during 9 thermidor

"Received a letter from the Commune to immediately call a general assembly. On that day, at eight o’clock in the evening, Lacour, one of our municipal officers, came to invite and urge the committee to establish a regular correspondence, every two hours, with the Commune, which at that moment was expecting Robespierre, St-Just, and Couthon within its ranks." (Excerpt from the records of the deliberations of the Civil Committee of the section, in Walter, 187.)

"At this moment, Lacour, a member of the General Council, entered. His entire demeanor indicated great agitation; he said, 'How can you remain calm while all the committees are going to the Commune, which will soon have Robespierre, St-Just, and Couthon among its members? You should send delegations every two hours to establish correspondence with it;' and then left without waiting for a response." (Account of the events reported to the Civil Committee on the 9th and 10th, presented to citizen Barras, a representative of the people, with the hope it would reach the Committee of Public Safety or the Committee of General Security, in Walter, 188.)

"At around one o’clock, twenty-four deputies appointed by the general assembly to spread out to the forty-seven other sections and convey its wish occupied the committee in dispatching their powers. A committee member declared that at seven o’clock in the evening he saw Lacour enter the Revolutionary Committee; his concerned demeanor aroused his curiosity, so he followed him to ask if there were any news. Lacour replied that there was a lot, but that it couldn’t be shared with everyone. Lacour then told the Committee to remove the outsiders, and our colleague immediately withdrew." (Account of the events reported to the Civil Committee on the 9th and 10th, presented to citizen Barras, with the hope it would reach the Committee of Public Safety or the Committee of General Security, in Walter, 189.)

"A woman spoke about an incident, stating that she had come from the National Convention, where she heard Thuriot place a bounty on Hanriot’s head, saying that anyone who brought Hanriot to the Convention would have well deserved the gratitude of the Fatherland and promised a considerable sum of money to whoever brought his head. She added that it horrified her and made her hair stand on end." (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section during the night of 9th to 10th Thermidor, in Walter, 191.)

-Deltroit Claude-Antoine, 43 years old.

"A man named Deltroit, a municipal officer, arrived and expressed his surprise that the Museum section had neither provided reinforcements nor artillery according to the Commune's requisition. This astonishment was received as it should be by true patriots, and Deltroit was detained." (Minutes of the Revolutionary Committee’s session of the section, in Walter, 253.)

- Deboisseaux Charles-Huant 39 years old

"Among the outlaws, several had managed to flee and avoid immediate arrest. Among them was Coffinhal, who had succeeded in leaving the Hôtel de Ville. [...] He then left with his friend Desboisseaux, a member of the Commune and juror at the Tribunal, who, like him, lived on the Île Saint-Louis (Fraternity section). They had wandered together around Paris throughout the 10th, where their friends were being arrested left and right and Robespierre was being taken to the scaffold. They dined at Boulevard de l’Hôpital, in one of the most remote and deserted corners of Paris at the time; they had supper at rue d’Enfer, at the Écu, in the Observatory section, which alone had openly embraced their party during the previous night. They had continued to roam, unable to find a safe refuge, and dared not present themselves at the barriers. At one o’clock in the morning, the two outlaws had separated; Desboisseaux had returned to the Île Saint-Louis to try to see his wife, where he learned that the Revolutionary Committee had already come to seal his home and had not found his wife. After this day and night of anxious wandering and being hunted, following the exhausting hours of the night of the 9th to the 10th, the unfortunate man stated that he had walked until 6 o’clock in the morning and then entered the house of citizen Martin, a wine merchant, at Quai des Ormes, where he probably hoped to rest. Martin recognized him, called the Revolutionary Committee of the section, and that’s how Desboisseaux, immediately arrested, went to the scaffold in the evening, perhaps having had no more than a minute of rest during sixty hours." (Sainte-Claire Deville, 338-339.)

-Desvieux Marc-Louis 44 years old,

"The [General Assembly of the Contract-Social section] had sent commissioners to the Commune; two of them had taken the oath there. It appeared to be wavering in favor of the rebels." (Courtois, in Walter, 200.)

- Devaux or Desvaux Pierre-François 53 years old,

-Dorigny Louis-François , 36 years old very active during 9 thermidor

"The Popincourt section, being far from the places where the conspirators were stirring and where the national representation was striking the traitors, showed much anxiety and uncertainty in its conduct; it also had members and friends of the Commune within it who deceived it. Dorigny, who paid for his treachery with his life, had singularly influenced it. It had sent commissioners to the Commune, not only to learn about the facts but to participate in its deliberations. […] Among the culprits who were in this section and who contributed to misleading it was Dorigny, whom I have just mentioned. […] The Revolutionary Committee seems, according to documents found at the Commune, to have made the requested oath; but it also seems to have acted according to principles: it arrested Dorigny." (Courtois, in Walter, 266-267.)

"The Popincourt assembly, meeting shortly after nine o’clock, on the initiative of Dorigny, a member of the General Committee, sent twelve commissioners to the Commune 'with the power to deliberate if required,' but also delegated as many to the Convention. On their return around eleven o'clock, the commissioners announced the Commune's rebellion: the assembly immediately aligned itself with the national representation. Dorigny tried around midnight to regain control: the assembly persisted in its decision." (Soboul, 1017-1018.)

- Dumetz Pierre 37 years old.

- Dumontier Denis-Joseph 51 years old or 42 years old

-Eudes Jean-Pierre 31 years old, born in 1763 very active during the night of 9 and 10 thermidor

- Farot or Faro Jean-Léonard 31 years old, was one of the most active during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor.

- Gamaury or Gamory Martial , 46 years old, born.

- Gibert Jean-Louis , 42 or 43 years old.

-Girardin Jean-Claude , 48 years old

“Girardin stayed at the Commune until the end and was arrested during the invasion of the Hôtel de Ville by the Convention troops. He went to the guillotine on the 11th.” (Walter, note on page 221.)

- Girod or GIRAUD Giraud Pierre 27 years old, born

- Grenard René , 43 or 45 years old.

-Hoëner or Haëner Pierre, 52 years old

-Henry Pierre 48 or 49 years old, "Citizen Renaud arriving from the Commune went to the tribune and said: 'The country is saved once again. It was then eleven thirty. The sections have united at the Commune, the council is working on a proclamation that will inform you of the dangers you have faced, the representatives have been found and are under the protection of the people, the commander of the mounted gendarmerie and his officers are in Hanriot's hands and will be shot tomorrow morning.'" (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section, in Walter, 226-227.) "The Revolutionary Committee of the Arsenal section passed to the order of the day on the guilty proposition made by a municipal officer (Henry, punished with death) to join the Commune." (Courtois, in Walter, 178.)

-Jault Pierre-Simon-Joseph 32 years old "Despite the efforts of Damour and Monnoyer, despite the deputations made by the municipal conspirators and the presence of Mercier, Jault, and Dazard, who have since been struck down by the law, this section remained loyal, and the apostles of the rebellious Commune were arrested by its orders." (Courtois, in Walter, 176.)

- Jemptel Auguste or Antoine , 54 years old, "Commune of Paris, 9 Thermidor Year II. The members of the General Council of the Commune invite the Bon-Conseil section, which has distinguished itself at all times, to send commissioners to its midst to deliberate on means of public salvation and the true support of the friends of the people and liberty; almost all sections are currently united. Signed: Léchenard, Arthur, Louvet, Legrand, Jemptel." (Courtois, in Walter, 181.) "The Revolutionary Committee arrested Jemptel, a municipal officer who had participated in the Commune's revolt." (Courtois, in Walter, 180-181.)

-Jerome or Jerosme Nicolas JEROME 44 years old. "Municipal officers Alexandre Louvet, Louis Pâris, and Nicolas Jérôme, along with a few others, were arrested and sent to the Committee of General Security." All three were guillotined on the 11th. (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

-Jobert Auguste-Germain 50 years old.

- Jonquoy Claude 44 years old "Jonquoy, who was serving as a police administrator, was arrested with his colleagues at the town hall around 2 a.m. on 10 Thermidor; he was guillotined on the 11th." (Walter, note 1, 221.)

- Lamiral or Ladmiral Pierre-Léon 34 years old.

- Langlois Jean-Nicolas 47 years old, arrested by own section when he tried to rally them to the Commune ,"The municipal officer Langlois first tried to corrupt President Trépié, then harangued the section to urge it to rally to the Commune, but was not listened to." (Courtois, in Walter, 249.) "On the 9th, at a quarter past midnight, Citizen Langlois, a member of the Commune, despite the decrees of the National Convention which the assembly only knew verbally, presented himself to the assembly with Citizen Trépié, president, urging him to use his efforts to excite the general assembly to join the Commune and take the oath of loyalty. To which Citizen Trépié turned his back and told him that he was speaking to the assembly, looking at him with indignation. Whereupon I, Bourgoy, secretary, having heard him and pointed out that we were disregarding the orders of the Commune. To which Langlois replied that a second order would be forthcoming and that it would be necessary to proclaim it immediately. When I told him that if it came I would tear it up, he said: 'You will tear it up, you will desire it.' I said: 'No, I will not tear it up, but I will record it in my minutes as a proscribed thing.' He allowed himself to say that the Commune was not in [revolution], but that it was the Convention which was in counter-revolution and that it was oppressing the patriots. This denunciation, I, Bourgoy, signed and sent to the Revolutionary Committee of my section at eight in the morning of 10 Thermidor." (Denunciation addressed to the Revolutionary Committee of the section by Citizen Bourgoy, secretary-clerk of the sectional assembly, in Walter, 249-250.) "The Mont-Blanc assembly met around 9:30. 'Fear of being misled led it to appoint a delegation to receive the orders from the Committees of Public Safety and General Security.' When Langlois, a member of the General Council, requested that delegates go to pledge allegiance to the Commune, the assembly, despite his insistence, moved to the next item on the agenda." (Soboul, 1014.)

-Langlois Marie-François 37 years old, "The Civil Committee sent two commissioners to the Commune authorized by the general assembly, which refused to send two commissioners to the Committee of Public Safety. It [The assembly] sent observers to the Convention who placed themselves in the tribune of the journalist Millin. A certain Rossignol came to reveal the seditious plans of the Commune. Tumult. The assembly listened favorably to Lemasson who praised the General Council and who had sworn allegiance to the Commune. It applauded Pelletier who unleashed himself against the Committee of Public Safety and the Convention, and announced that the representatives defending the homeland had returned to the people. It smiled at the speech of municipal officer Langlois, who came with a sash to praise the principles and conduct of the municipal conspirators, stirred and troubled by the reading of a note from Millin urging citizens not to recognize the orders of the municipality placed outside the law. It only pronounced in favor of the Convention after it was certain of its victory." (Courtois, in Walter, 193.) "Chalier section, two men long held the assembly under their influence, with the complicity of the president who refused to give the floor 'to good commissioners returning from mission': Pelletier, justice of the peace, and Lemaçon, his assessor; Langlois, municipal officer, 'confirmed the imprecations of the two previous ones.'" (Soboul, 1020.)

-Lasnier Jacques 52 years old, very active during 9 thermidor and escort Maximilien Robespierre to the Commune "Mutius-Scaevola section, the session opened at eight o'clock with the reading of the Council's summons letter, commissioners were sent to the Commune 'to find out what was happening there.' A discussion then ensued on the legality of this summons; it was announced that the Commune was in rebellion. The assembly immediately recalled its commissioners and declared that it was illegal. 'The assembly spontaneously adjourned, but resolved to remain united to await orders.' When Lasnier, a member of the General Council, appeared after ten o'clock, the assembly declared that it recognized only the Convention." (Soboul, 1016.) "Another member, having seen Lasnier, a member of the Commune, in the assembly, demanded that he be taken to the revolutionary committee. Lasnier demanded the floor. Lasnier made an ardent defense of the Commune, of Robespierre, of Hanriot, and the Jacobins. The assembly, not being swayed by his perfidious insinuations, resolved again that it recognized no authority other than that of the Convention. As for Lasnier, he was taken to the revolutionary committee, which placed him under arrest. Taken the next morning to the Committee of General Security; he was guillotined on 11 Thermidor." (Summary of the Minutes written by the Civil Committee of the section, in Walter, 256.)

-Lauvin Edmé-Marguerite 60 years old.

- Legendre Jean-Baptiste-Emmanuel 60 or 61 years old,

-Legrand Pierre-Jacques 51 years old

-Lelievre Jacques-Mathurin 40 or 41 years old, born in Paris. Very active during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor.

-Lesire Jean-Charles-Pierre 43 years old.

-Louvet Pierre-Alexandre , 33 years old,very active during 9 Thermidor . “Several had the courage of their opinions and disdainfully refused to defend themselves, for example, the painter Pierre-Alexandre Louvet from the section of the Homme-Armé, a young and active member of the Execution Committee. It is remembered that he had left the Town Hall around two in the morning to accompany the deputation sent by the General Council to the Jacobins. Captured on the return by a patrol from the section of the Halle au Blé, taken at 3 a.m. before the Revolutionary Committee, he was asked if he had participated in the decrees issued by the Commune since the previous day. He proudly replied ‘yes, and that if it were to be done again, he would do it, that he is in the patriotic principles, and that he will be until death, and that he prefers to die rather than live as a slave.’” (Sainte-Claire Deville, 328.) “The Commune nevertheless still found some supporters in this sanction.” (Courtois, in Walter, 225.)

-Lubin Jean-Jacques , 29 years old.

-Lumiere Jacques-Nicolas 46 years old.

-Marcel André 53 or 73 years old.

-Mercier Louis-Joseph 40 years old. After the actions of the Commune . After the action of the Commune failed, instead of escaping he decided to surrender Surrendered himself.

“Mercier, a municipal officer (sentenced to death), tried in vain to lead the committee to the Commune’s cause; in response, a protest of unwavering loyalty and attachment to the Convention was sent.” (Courtois, in Walter, 179.)

-Mercier Marc-Martial-André , 43 years old

“Despite his patriotism, Mercier was not a sans-culotte due to his lifestyle and position.” (Soboul, 895.)

“He was reproached for his immoral conduct (he abandoned his 'respectable and virtuous' wife for another woman), the inconsistency of his character 'which means that patriots never know what to expect from him,' and being a poor republican for having refused sixty sous to a poor and sick patriot ('the character of a true republican is to relieve his brothers in adversity, especially when they enjoy such considerable salaries as those of Mercier').” (Soboul, 895.)

“9 Thermidor, ten o'clock in the evening. The session begins with the reading of a decree from the General Council of the Commune. The assembly appoints two commissioners to go to the Commune. The commissioners report that the armed force assembled in the Place de Grève has withdrawn. A citizen sent by the civil committee at eight o'clock to the Commune to find out what was happening there reports that he was asked to write his name on a piece of paper and have the commissioners present from the section take an oath, and that Mercier and Gency, representatives of the section, said that the detained patriots had been freed and that all orders would come from the Commune as all authorities were gathered there. The assembly, outraged by the Commune's demands, swears to die for the national representation.” (Summary of the General Assembly minutes of the section, in Walter, 214.)

-Mettot Dominique 45 years old.

-Morel Jacques 55 years old.

-Moyne Jacques 39 years old.

-Naudin Nicolas 33 or 35 years old .

“The committee deliberating on how to secure Naudin and Talbot, members of the Commune declared out of the law and residing in the section, decided to search their houses and seal them.” Naudin, present at the session of the 9th, was arrested at the Maison-Commune. He went to the scaffold.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 280.)

-Pacquotte Jean 47 or 48 years old

-Paffe François-Auguste 41 years old.

-Paris Pierre-Louis 34 years old

“The municipal officers Alexandre Louvet, Louis Paris, and Nicolas Jérôme, and a few others, are arrested and sent to the General Security Committee.” All three were guillotined on the 11th. (Courtois, in Walter, 223.)

-Pelletier François 33 years old.

-Ravel Jacques 55 or 48 years old.

-Remy Pierre 45 years old

“Journet is announced as arriving from the Commune. He says: ‘I was invited to tell you to join the Commune. You know that the Commune has been declared outlawed; you know it is composed of all good patriots, and declaring the good patriots outlaws means declaring all patriots outlaws. That’s why I present to the assembly that it should not have read the proclamation of the Convention.’ Journet adds that while at the town hall he saw Rémy, who asked him how the section was behaving and told him, ‘Go quickly to my section and invite it to join the other sections under the orders of the Commune.’” (Minutes of the General Assembly of the section, in Walter, 227.)

-Sijas Prosper 35 years old , loyalist to Robespierre.

“Sijas, former deputy to Bouchotte and a pronounced patriot.” (Soboul, 876.)

-Souard or Souars Étienne-Antoine , 56 or 57 years old,

-Talbot or Taillebot Jean-Baptiste-Crépin 58 years old

“From 3 p.m., Talbot invites the commander of the Temple section to go to the headquarters; he goes there: half an hour later, the general assembly convenes and the men hurry to the gathering points.” (Soboul, 997.)

“The commander arrives and declares that citizen Talbot, a member of the Commune, had him called at three o'clock in a third-party house where he was. Talbot, who was waiting for him on the boulevard, urged him to go immediately to Hanriot to receive his orders; he went there immediately, Hanriot was surrounded by many people, and Hanriot ordered him to arm all citizens and to obey only him, the general, and the Commune of Paris. He then requested this order in writing, but Hanriot told him he only gave verbal orders. He then returned to the section, and having seen citizens gathering armed on his way, he thought it his duty to do the same in his section to maintain public order and therefore called the roll.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 278.)

“Despite Talbot's pressure, the Temple section committees refused around six o'clock to obey the Commune's demands.” (Soboul, 1007.)

“The committee deliberating on how to secure Naudin and Talbot, members of the Commune declared outlaws and residing in the section, decided to search their houses and seal them.” (Extraordinary session of the Civil Committee of the section on 9 Thermidor, in Walter, 280.)

“Talbot, having left shortly before the end of the session, managed to return to his home. He was arrested in the morning of the 10th.” (Walter, note 1, 280.)

-Tanchon Ponce 32 or 33 years old.

“A citizen presenting himself to the committee and invited to say what was new responded with warmth that the people were in insurrection, that the Jacobins, all the sections, the constituted authorities, and the tribunals were rallying around the Commune to defend Robespierre and to oppose the Convention, which, he said, wanted to oppress and make him a victim; he urged us with all his might to go to the Commune, and the reason he gave was that the tocsin was sounding and the people were exercising their sovereignty.” (Minutes of the Civil Committee session of the section, in Walter, 197.)

-Vaucanu Jean-Guillaume-François 37 years old.

-Vincent Jean-Baptiste 35 (or 36) years old

“Vincent, from the Indivisibility section, was a good man. [...] Building contractor and administrator of the heavy artillery workshop, he had been detained very late at his office and could only go to the Commune after 10 p.m. [He signed as number 91, the last one on the attendance list.] He left after a quarter of an hour, without making a gesture or saying a word. The next morning, having learned of the decree declaring the municipality outlawed, he voluntarily went to the General Security Committee, with the deep conviction of his perfect innocence. Naturally, he was arrested and pushed into the vestibule where prisoners gathered. Hearing his colleagues' conversations and the guards' remarks, he became anxious and hastily wrote a petition: ‘... Faithfully submitting to the law, reassured by the sense of a guiltless conscience, he came voluntarily to place himself under your orders, offering his conduct for your examination, convinced that if justice weighs on guilty heads, it will consider it a sacred duty to protect and defend innocence confused with crime.’” (Sainte-Claire Deville, 329-330.)

-Witchericht or Wiltcheritz or Vichterich Martin 44 (or 48) years old. Was in Luxembourg prison: refused to let Robespierre to go to to prison and sent him to the town hall instead

“The Popincourt section, distant from where the conspirators were active and where the national representation was striking the traitors, showed much anxiety and uncertainty in its conduct; it also had members and friends of the Commune among its ranks who misled it.” (Courtois, in Walter, 266.)

Mention to : Benoist, Boulanger's adjutant who killed himself in the section yard.

I was able to find all the names and quite a few excerpts of text (some that I knew, others not, whether it was the names or the excerpts of text) on the excellent site. If you want more information about these revolutionaries go to this link:

https://www.amis-robespierre.org/11-Thermidor-an-II-29-juillet-1794#:~:text=Sur%20les%20140%20membres%20du,journ%C3%A9e%2Drecord%20d'ex%C3%A9cutions.

#rest in peace #deserve better #remember all the good and bad sides of the executed #frev #french revolution #thermidor #11 thermidor #deserves to be better known

16 notes · View notes

anotherhumaninthisworld · 1 year ago

Note

how did the thermidorians exactly start their plan and gather supporters to their cause and finish the plan successfully?

Bonus questions: I always wondered that during the period of robespierre's fall did the thermidorians tried something like winning friends of robespierre like le-bas couthon saint-just or the people who sided with robespierre etc. to their side?

Only If you want you can share the answer as a special post in 9 thermidor because it is close (after two weeks maybe) so yeah .. do whatever you please.

That is actually a bit more fuzzy than might first be expected. Important to remember is that, while a conspiracy to undermine Robespierre may have already existed beforehand, what actually played out on 9 thermidor was not the result of a longgoing plan as much as something cooked up at the last minute, in response to the unexpected speech Robespierre had held the day before. It is unlikely a coup would have taken place when it did had said speech not existed. Laurent Lecointre even admitted shortly after thermidor that:

Even though [Robespierre’s] death wasn’t the result of any combined plan, it nevertheless avanged the national representation, that has proven, through its courage, that it feared the tyrant less than it did the danger of striking him without success.

Lecointre wrote this in the pampleth Conjuration formée dès le 5 préréal [sic] par neuf représentants du peuple contre Maximilien Robespierre, pour le poignarder en plein senat (1794). From it, we learn what he (along with Fréron, Barras , Courtois , Garnier de l’Aube, Rovère, Thirion, Tallien and Guffroy, who co-signed the pampleth) had been doing to undermine Robespierre in the weeks predating thermidor. But, as the title already suggest, their plan had actually been to stab Max to death in public, as opposed to having him arrested, outlawed and executed like how things ended up going down:

Amar and Moyse-Bayle told me, at the liberty salon, on 24 prairial (June 12) in the presence of our collegue Mallarmé and the people who heard us, that the decree of 22 prairial was the work of [Robespierre] alone, that the committees had had nothing to do with it. After having told them that the committees had therefore not fulfilled their duty, I proposed to them that I myself denounce to the Convention such an extraordinary fact. They stopped me by reminding me of the political considerations which then governed the Convention, the fear of an early and unsuccessful split. I replied: ”You know me. I did not strike down a tyrant just to gain another.”Since that time, our hate was public. On 6 thermidor I asked Robert-Lindet on his opinion of a monster who had plunged the republic into such a deplorable state of debasement and servitude. On the 7th, I spoke to Vadier about the furies of a tyranny whose progress we would perhaps no longer be able to stop. To me, they all appeared convinced that we still had to wait, and that the favorable moment was perhaps not far off. At that time, the indictment that I was preparing against the traitor and his accomplices had been completed; Fréron who helped me with his insights, Barras, Rovère, Thirion, Courtois, Garnier de l'Aube, Guffroy and Tallien etc advised me to attack him in person, so that success would be more certain. The roles were divided to support my opinion, and to combat with force the sophisms of Robespierre, but they were of the opinion that the memoir should be printed and distributed an hour before being read at the National Convention: Guffroy was in charge and had promised, from the 6th, to have it printed; and it was solemnly sworn by us that if the truth succumbed, we would immolate the tyrant in the middle of the Convention. Happier events preceded the execution of a project whose success was inevitable, but whose consequences could have disturbed the public peace. The monster is dead, he has, by his imprudence and his delirium, revealed all the villainy of his plots and his liberticidal projects; but his fall would perhaps have compromised the freedom of the citizens less, if my advice had been followed.

Fouché, who several contemporaries pointed to as the leader of/important for the conspiracy wrote the following about his role it in his memoirs:

I did not trifle in contending for my head, nor in long and secret deliberations with such of my colleagues as were threatened with my own fate. I merely said to them, among others to Legendre, Tallien, Dubois de Crancé, Daunou and Chénier: "You are on the list, you are on the list as well as myself, I am certain of it!” Tallien, Barras, Bourdon de l'Oise and Dubois de Crancé evinced some energy. Tallien contended for two lives, of which one was then dearer to him than his own: he therefore resolved upon assassinating the future dictator, even in the Convention itself. But what a hazardous chance was this! Robespierre's popularity would have survived him, and we should have been immolated to his manes. I therefore dissuaded Tallien from an isolated enterprise, which would have destroyed the man, but preserved his system. Convinced that other means must be resorted to, I went straight to those who shared with Robespierre the government of terror, and whom I knew to be envious or fearful of his immense popularity. I revealed to Collot d'Herbois, to Carnot, to Billaud-Varennes, the designs of the modern Appius; and I presented to each of them separately, so lively and so true a picture of the danger of their situation, I urged them with so much address and good fortune, that I insinuated into their breasts more than mistrust, but the courage of henceforth opposing the Tyrant in any further decimating of the Convention. "Count the votes," said I to them, "in your committee, and you will see, that when you are determined, he will be reduced to the powerless minority of a Couthon and a Saint-Just. Refuse him your votes, and compel him to stand alone by your vis inertiæ." But what contrivances, what expedients were necessary to avoid exasperating the Jacobin club, the Seides, and the partisans of Robespierre. […] My eye was on him; and seeing him reduced to a single faction, I secretly urged such of his enemies who still clung to the committee, at least to remove the artillery from Paris, who were all devoted to Robespierre and the Commune, and to deprive Henriot of his command, or at least to suspend him. The first measure I obtained, thanks to the firmness of Carnot, who alleged the necessity of sending reinforcements of artillery to the army. As to depriving Henriot of his command, that appeared too hazardous; Henriot remained, and was near losing all, or rather, to speak the truth, it was he, who on the 9th Thermidor ruined the cause of Robespierre, the triumph of which was for a short time in his power. But what could be expected from a drunken and stupid former footman.

That his enemies spread slander and fear in an attempt to undermine him was also something Robespierre himself seemed aware of:

Since a long time back, men who call themselves representatives of the people, and whom I do not regard as such, at least as a man, because I believe that one must have a soul to be a representative of the people; a certain species of men, I say, deploy all their strength, all their means, all the energy, to throw poison into the pure soul of a part of the members of the Convention. They seek to bring together, at suppers, at dinners unworthy of republicans, pure men, men whom we would embrace as brothers, and who know neither these meals nor the guests. There, the object of the conversation, heated by circumstances, is slander against you, against those who are regarded as true patriots, against the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. […] Learn then that there is a league of corrupt men who try to make believe that the Committee of Public Safety wishes to attack the members of the Convention in general, and the estimable members in particular. We have this confession from some of our colleagues themselves, who do not sleep at home, struck with the terrors which these scoundrels have inspired in them. […] Currently we are in the same position, without having even had the intention of prosecuting any culprit. No, the Committee of Public Safety has not drawn up a new indictment against anyone; but men who call themselves representatives of the people, and who are not, I swear by virtue, embitter against you estimable deputies, colleagues whom we regard as good citizens. Take care, they tell them, there is a new indictment drawn up against certain members, you will be included... Certainly you will be included. The infamous add adroit circumstances to these perfidious reports; and we believe them. We have, I repeat it again, the details of these criminal artifices of the deputies whom the Committee ranks among the best citizens, and who no longer dare to live in their houses. Robespierre on June 27 1794

Of course, these claims just revolve around the conspirators gaining the trust of other Convention deputies. When it comes to getting broader public on their side I had a harder time finding any sources. The only thing related to this that I know of is the theory that the multiplied amount of executions in the weeks before Robespierre’s fall was actually the result of a sabotage by his enemies who through it aimed to paint him like a bloodthirsty tyrant to make him lose the public’s approval, but, like I already wrote in this post, I haven’t yet got a hang on what sources that idea is actually based on (besides the fact that Robespierre himself claims that’s how it is in his 8 thermidor spech).

Once Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon, Lebas and Augustin had actually gotten arrested, the conspirators mainly seems to have focused on laying their hands on other robespierrists in power, the majority of which were those executed on thermidor 10, 11 and 12. Once word got around that the five deputies had escaped from their different prisons, the Convention also took the measure to outlaw them to easier get them condemned.

As for if the thermidorians sought to save any of Robespierre’s allies or win them over to their side, I only know of the story that Barère wanted Saint-Just to be left alone, though for the moment I don’t remember from where it comes (not Barère’s memoirs as far as I saw…?) It should be remembered that Augustin and Lebas actually volunteered to share their friends’ fate right after they got arrested, so who knows if they would have been left alone had they refrained from doing so… Though given the fact how big the robespierrist purge actually ended up being, I’m not that sure anyone would actually have sought to spare them, unless they themselves had gladly been willing to switch sides…

#maximilien robespierre #robespierre #thermidor #ask #laurent lecointre #joseph fouché #thermidor happened on september 3 not july 28 in case you didn’t know

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corbenic · 1 year ago

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The Ultimate List of French Fashion Brands: Part One

in honor of @cambridgemadness

Part Two

Part Three

Part Four

Alaïa; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Agnès B.; men's, women's, children's, accessories

American Vintage; men's, women's, children's, bags, accessories

Ami; men's, women's, bags, accessories

An'ge; women's

Anne Fontaine; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

A.P.C. (Atelier de Production et Création); men's, women's, unisex

Armor-Lux; men's, women's, children's

Balmain; men's, women's, children's, shoes, bags, accessories

Balzac; women's, children's, shoes, bags, accessories

Ba&Sh; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Berluti; men's, shoes, bags, accessories

Carven; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Catherine Walker (British-based; born in France); women's, accessories

Celine; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories, fine jewelry

Chanel; women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup, fine jewelry

Charvet; men's, women's, accessories

Chloé and See by Chloé; women's, children's, shoes, bags, accessories

Claudie Pierlot; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Dior; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup, fine jewelry

Eric Bompard; men's, women's, accessories

Façonnable; men's, shoes, bags, accessories

Figaret; men's, women's

Fursac; men's, shoes, bags, accessories

Gaâla; women's, bags, accessories

Gerard Darel; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Givenchy; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup

Hermès; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup, fine jewelry

Hervé Legér; women's

IRO; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Isabel Marant and Isabel Marant Étoile; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Jacquemus; men's, women's, shoes, bags, acessories

Jardin des Orangers; women's

KENZO; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Lacoste; men's, women's, children's, shoes, bags, accessories

Lanvin; men's, women's, children's; shoes, bags, accessories

La Redoute; men's, women's, children's, shoes

L'Autre Chose; women's, shoes

Louis Vuitton; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Loulou Studio; women's

Maison Kitsuné; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Maison Margiela; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Maje; women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Marie Marot; women's

Mes Demoiselles; women's

Officine Générale; men's, women's, shoes, accessories

Paule Ka; women's, shoes, bags

Rochas; women's (Farfetch has the best ready-to-wear selection)

Roland Mouret (British-based; born in France); women's

Rouje; women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup

Saint James; men's, women's, children's, accessories

Saint Laurent; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories, makeup

Sandro; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Schiaparelli; women's, bags, accessories

Sézane; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Soi; women's

Tara Jarmon; women's, accessories

The Frankie Shop; men's, women's, shoes, accessories

The Kooples; men's, women's, bags

Tricot; men's, women's

Weill; women's, accessories

Zadig & Voltaire; men's, women's, shoes, bags, accessories

Zilli; men's, shoes, accessories

#sunglassesnovel #fashion #french fashion #this took forever to assemble and i know i still missed things!

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aigle-suisse · 10 months ago

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La Grande Cascade 02 par Laurent GLASSON Via Flickr : Le cirque de Saint-Même fait partie de la réserve naturelle nationale des Hauts de Chartreuse. Il est caractérisé par des couches importantes de roches urgoniennes où se forment quatre cascades (de haut en bas : Cascade des Sources, Grande Cascade, Cascade Isolée, Pisse du Guiers) dominées par des falaises calcaires de 500 mètre de haut. Les eaux proviennent de sources souterraines du Guiers Vif.

#Cascade #73 #savoie #france #rivière #water #waterfalls #landscape #paysage #eau #Le #cirque #de #Saint-Même #grande #flickr

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chicinsilk · 3 months ago

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US Vogue July 1985

(top) Purple satin evening pump with bow on the front. By Yves Saint Laurent. Black floral lace tights. (below) High heel pump with T-strap. By Calvin Klein. Black tights with geometric pattern.

(haut) Escarpin de soirée en satin violet avec nœud sur le devant. Par Yves Saint Laurent. Collants noirs en dentelle florale. (bas) Escarpin à talon haut, à bride en T. Par Calvin Klein. Collants noirs à motif géométrique.

Photo Irving Penn vogue archive

#us vogue #july 1985 #fashion 80s #fall/winter #automne/hiver #ysl #yves saint laurent #calvin klein #irving penn #vintage vogue #vintage fashion

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mesillusionssousecstasy · 2 years ago

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The Chiffon Trenches by André Leon Talley

This book was great, but it could have been excellent with more stories, history and pictures regarding the fashion world. Not to be rude, but sometimes André complained at bit much about being a black man in fashion (activism should have been another book subject). He had such an incredible life, he met such incredible and inspiring people and honestly, if he wasn't gay he wouldn't have been as successful as he was (even truer with this sentence, page 48, "All the principals were gay, something that was understood and never discussed. In this world, there were no victims, only highoctane egos.").

What a life. What an era. For example, page 34, 70, 77, 79, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 99, 113, 114, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134, 151, 152, 161, 162, 205, 207, 212, 228, 229, 249, 262,

I wanted more history about fashion, more history about designer, why omitting so many important ones like McQueen (even being cruel about him at page 148, he was a genius (the most beautiful masterpiece come from darkness it is well known); page 123, John Galliano wasn't the unique visionary of this era), Pucci, Valentino, Thierry Mugler, Paco Rabanne, Lanvin, ...

Why hasn't he even written a bit in French? Strange after so many French studies and living in Paris... (example at page 268)

And he should have done a book with all his photo shooting publications. It would have been a must! Because honestly, too often does he mentioned outfits or interiors without any picture to show us (shame): page 58, 59, 126, 194, 195, 214, 236, 240, 241, 248, 254, 255,

Also, one question arises: To which point is it true? (Why lie about Karl and Baptiste at page 187)?

About Andy Warhol on page 21: "With Andy, anyone could be anyone and everyone was equal - a drag queen or an heiress. At the Factory, if you were interesting, you were "in". And while he could be seen out and about at night, Andy also went to church every morning to thank God for his life, his money, and his mother." & "When Andy was in a good mood, he created small, signed pieces of art for his staff. A silkscreen print from one of his series, or a small painting, like a candy heart in lace on Valentine's Day. It was a quite generous perk.

About Karl Lagerfeld : - Page 25: "Fashion's fun and you can't really take it too seriously. Frivolity must be an integral form." - Page 53: "When I was four, I asked my mother for a valet for my birthday. I wanted my clothes prepared so I could wear anything I wanted at any time of day. At ten, I was always in hats, high collars, and neckties. I never played with other children. I read books and did drawings night and day." - Page 77: "In 1982, Karl Lagerfeld announced he was taking over as creative director of CHANEL. Paris was abuzz with the news, a beehive of intrigue and envy. Vogue wrote at the time that it was the talk of Paris; Karl Lagerfeld who was not French, going to the top of the fashion hill at CHANEL was in fact momentous. Alicia Drake said in her book The Beautiful Fall that Karl's ascension "was a black day at the house of Saint Laurent, (I don't remember this sentence btw)." - Page 100: That's one way of the story. - Page 102: So surprising that everyone is criticizing Karl when he had enough of support them financially (he even gave a house to Princess Caroline de Monaco). - Page 108: Karl's relationship with death and mourning. - Page 113: Who is Karl's dry-cleaning? The name. - Page 114: Karl's life. - Page 115: "And I suffered in exile for a season but learned a valuable lesson: Never trust anyone close to Kaiser Karl." - Page 153 & 156: Karl and his precious gifts. - Page 162: What a generous man. - Page 163: Incredible story with André, Anna et Karl. - Page 173: Karl's regime. - Page 178: "Karl Lagerfeld did not go to Yves Saint Laurent's funeral. He sent flowers to the church, a huge arrangement of white roses, with a handwritten note: "In memory of our better days, of our youth." - Page 187: lying about Karl and Baptiste. - Page 188: Karl being tired of people abusing him. - Page 191: The last interaction between Karl and André. - Page 234: About Karl's death, "Anna Wintour called me from London. "I thought he would live forever." (Me too). - Page 235: "In my Southern Baptist culture, people visit the graves of loved ones. One summer, I faxed Karl that I had been to the grave of my father, who is buried in Roxboro, North Carolina. Amanda Harlech told me later that Karl told her, "Apparently André's spending his time running around North Carolina, visiting graves of his relatives." (Hilarious). - Page 236: "Perhaps Karl thought contemplating death was a waste of time. Truly, there was no one with a more robust schedule in all of fashion than Karl Lagerfeld. He ran three of the biggest fashion brands in the world simultaneously for decades: CHANEL, Fendi and his eponymous Lagerfeld label. And still he took on various anonymous freelance work. While other designers were driven to drink and madness and sometimes suicide by the pressures of one fashion house, Karl made it all seem so easy." (How did he do it btw). --> The book has been published after Karl's death and no word about Virginie Viard (page 235).

About John Fairchild: - Page 31: "I am the boss, and don't you ever forget it." & "I don't give a damn about clothes, I care about the people who wear them." - Page 69: "Mr. Fairchild, this genius who could make or destroy a company or a person with his brilliant sense of wordsmithing."

About Paris on page 51: "Paris offered great characters and subtle intrigues, promiscuity, drugs, scandals - a whole different world from where I had grown up. In Paris, I was always seated on the front row at the couture and ready-to-wear catwalk shows."

About Anna Wintour: - Page 85: "Anna's position as creative director was vague enough to give her both total control of the magazine and zero control, depending on whom you asked." - Page 92: "Each of these women had a strong, independent personality. By naming all three fashion directors, Anna gave each equal billing on the masthead, and each could do her own thing. It was a brilliant move, politically. The equality of their roles also reflected the fact that at Anna Wintour's Vogue, there was no hierarchy. There was Anna Wintour, and there was everyone else." - Page 93-94: The Devil Wears Prada has been confirmed that it is untrue. - Page 95: Does Anna Wintour in a way got André to get closer to Karl at the beginning? - Page 98: She is amazing in the picture. - Page 145: Why he gave his story to W and not Anna, "I had to take it to Mr. Fairchild because I knew he would read it seriously and publish it respectfully." - Page 216: Her and André about the podcast for the Met. - Page 219: "I wonder, when she goes home alone at night, is she miserable? Does she feel alone? Perhaps she doesn't allow herself to feel these things, as she clearly is a person who does not dwell on the past." (Because she doesn't have time for it). - Page 222: "Like any ruthless individual, she maintains her sangfroid at all times. She is always dashing in and out, and I do believe she is immune to anyone other than the powerful and famous people who populate the pages of Vogue." (I don't think he must take it personally).

Incredible story about Gloria von Thurn und Taxis (page 89-90).

The true about Pierre Bergé is not even a surprise (page 97).

About John Galliano: - Page 123-124: His beginning. - Page 130: "Galliano understood me and I got him. I knew his wavelength, where his inspirations came about. I'd been accused of sleeping with all the designers, but the truth is that I embrace their dreams, step inside their dreams, and become part of their dreams. I bonded with Galliano on a human level. He is a genius, a visionary, a poet. A mad poet, like Rimbaud, or Verlaine, or Baudelaire."

About Diana Vreeland: - Second picture: "At a party, when you don't feel as if you have the room at your attention, just find a seat, or a corner. Sit quietly and calmly, occupy your personal space, and people will notice you. And if the world, or party, doesn't come to you, well then it's not meant to be." - Page 207: the mention of Madame Grès.

About Gabriel Chanel: - Page 158-159: "Simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance."

About Tom Ford: - Page 212: His entire black garden in London (love it).

About Lee Radziwill: - Page 230: "X-rays showed Lee had broken her hip. She was immediately operated on and had a hip replacement. When she saw the replacement X-rays, she said, "I have a beautiful Brancusi sculpture inside me."

About Naomi Campbell: - Page 240: She and her friends don't need vista - Page 243: "Being in her entourage is like being in a film; she's larger than life, like Elizabeth Taylor." - Page 245: "If Naomi were music, she would be Saint-Saën's "The Swan," from his suite The Carnival of the Animals, or she would be Scott Joplin's "Gladiolus Rag." She has majestic drama on a professional runway, and her personal life is itself reminiscent of "Triumphal March" from the second act of Verdi's Aida. If she were a poem, it would be "Correspondences" by Baudelaire." - Page 246: "Naomi threw me a look that, if it were a poison dart, would have been a fatal blow." (Le naturel revient au galop) - Page 247: Doesn't know what mean "Éclatante!", shameful.

About Carolina Herrera: - "I always selected the dress I knew no one else would think of buying."

I like his view on love at page 63, 109 ("Sex was not on my radar. Success was."), Incredible picture at page 76, 98, fifth picture, !

Now I understand why there is a Chuck Bass in Gossip Girl (is it related to the Bass family? Anne Bass, page 89

André didn't tell us how Jacques got Aids (page 106), his debauchery.

I don't agree with those sentences: - At page 129: "CHANEL was the great designer but Dior was the name people associated with Paris couture." - At page 225: "Jackie the celebrity had stolen Ari Onassis from Lee." (Not Lee, but from Maria Calas).

I have only heard about "Le Palace", not at all "Club 7".

What about his father, because André always talks about his mother, but almost never about his father (page 198).

I'm sad to discover that I have missed the Oscar de la Renta exhibition in Paris at the Mona Bismarck Center (page 202).

I don't understand why he cut the 2019 Met Gala with Marc Jacobs' wedding (page 240 & 255ss)?

The real moral of the story is at page 257, "The real elegance took a train out of town a long time ago" by Anne Bass. She is so right. And the end of the golden age at page 263, 264, 265 about Condé Nast.

The Epilogue wasn't necessary.

Be aware, the book is a slow read, and it's mostly focus about Karl and Anna (at least for him to criticize them)

Some good quotes: - p. 4: "When I would get upset, my uncle Lewis used to say to me, "Just keep on getting up. Get up every day and just keep going." - p. 5: "I dreamed of meeting Naomi Sims and Pat Cleveland, and living a life like the ones I saw in the pages of Vogue, where bad things never happened." (Story of my life) - p. 6: "While I knew she loved me, I don't think she liked me." - p. 19: "His manerisms, his dandyisms, his snobbism were toxic to my budget but auspicious for my aspirations." (Love it) - p. 52: "We all had a certain way of being and we came together as units, little cliques of ego, glamour, and power. I was fully a part of this machine." - p. 55: "Betty Catroux loved me and accepted me for who I was, not for what I did. That was rare in fashion circles." - p. 61: "We were all on top of the world at this wedding. We felt free and there weren't even any drugs - well, at least not with any of my close friends. Maybe there was too much fine champagne." (Nice one) - p. 67: "She had opened my eyes to a reality I so badly wanted to deny." - p. 92-93: "One was expected to behave a certain way when representing Vogue. I played it cool and I behaved in an aloof, distant, somewhat disdainful manner, the way people usually conduct themselves on the front row. It's rare that you see a major editor emote." - p. 105: "My mother loved clothes, though I am not sure that she ever fully loved me." (Terrible) - p. 144: "Fashion is not an industry that lives in the past, but rather carries its past along, like a shadow, wherever it goes." - p. 196: "She, like Mrs. Vreeland, just took to her bed and waited to leave the world, with her own sense of the world internalized." - p. 199: "I do not fear death, as it was always present in my Baptist upbringing: Prepare yourself for death. We all have to die one day." - p. 203: "A person's words and deeds can make an indelible impression upon the soul. You can make a person feel loved through the simplest things in life. It's not the extravagant gifts that count. It's the thought, the gesture behind it." - p. 218: "I understand; nothing lasts forever." - p. 227: "Whatever time each of us had with her should be remembered as nothing less than a privilege." - p. 268: "When I am overwhelmed with feelings of emptiness and deep sadness, when the day begins and ebbs into dark blues, I have life-enhancing stratagems to make the day a better one."

Bonsoir.

#quote #quotation #quotes #citation #livre #book #book lover #bibliophile #book therapy #book addict #book community #book worm #andré leon talley #the chiffon trenches #anna wintour #karl lagerfeld

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arte-e-homoerotismo · 21 days ago

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Carlos McClendon (12 de outubro de 1923 - 16 de julho de 2008) foi um designer e dono de loja americano. Ele é provavelmente o modelo "desconhecido" mais famoso de George Platt-Lynes, aquele que enfeita a capa do mais recente livro de mesa de centro de George Platt-Lynes. McClendon teve relacionamentos com Christopher Isherwood , George Platt Lynes e Denham Fouts . Ele teve encontros com Monroe Wheeler , Lincoln Kirstein , Paul Cadmus e Bernard Perlin .

Carlos McClendon nasceu em Bakersfield, CA em 12 de outubro de 1923 e viveu os primeiros anos de sua vida no sul da Califórnia. Ele frequentou escolas em Long Beach e mais tarde obteve um BA pela UCLA. Durante e imediatamente após seus anos de faculdade, ele trabalhou no departamento de design do MGM Studios. Durante esse período, ele também foi dançarino da trupe de dança Marie Bryant.

Christopher Isherwood conheceu McClendon por meio de Denny Fouts e John Goodwin na década de 1940, quando McClendon visitava frequentemente a praia em Santa Monica. A amizade continuou muito depois de McClendon deixar Los Angeles no início da década de 1950.

No início de 1950, McClendon mudou-se para Nova York, onde rapidamente se tornou uma força influente e pioneira no varejo boutique, antes que a palavra boutique fosse de uso geral. Sua loja, chamada Chequer, na esquina da Third Avenue com a 50th Street, era especializada em objetos, móveis e roupas exclusivos de lugares como México, Haiti e Marrocos, que ele escolheu em suas viagens. A loja foi um sucesso imediato, notável pelo "olho" especial de McClendon para o belo e o incomum, e ele contava com Greta Garbo e muitos dos criadores de tendências de Nova York entre seus clientes regulares. A loja também inspirou vários imitadores.

No final dos anos 60, ele voltou para Los Angeles e abriu a Chequer West em Hollywood e duplicou o sucesso de seus anos em Nova York. A exclusividade de seu inventário e o fino acabamento de suas roupas feitas à mão rapidamente atraíram uma clientela de estrelas como Barbra Streisand , Candace Bergen e a bailarina Nora Kaye . A boutique apresentava modas nos tecidos mais fabulosos do leste do Extremo Oriente. Designs exclusivos da Costa Oeste pelo proprietário Carlos McClendon e por JoAnn Lopez. As especialidades eram vestidos longos e sem ajuste requintados para mulheres e belos caftãs e robes para homens, todos de materiais incrivelmente lindos como tecido sari indiano, chiffon tie-dye, seda bordada persa, tecidos antigos e seda com padrões de colagem. Cada um era único. Os vestidos custavam de US$ 120 a US$ 500 e os caftãs e robes de US$ 40 a US$ 300. As camisas masculinas foram desenhadas por Ken Scott e por McClendon em estampas e cores sólidas muito coloridas, com preços entre US$ 20 e US$ 60. Para os homens, também havia gravatas de 41/2 polegadas em estampas de seda e lã pura e coletes bordados do Afeganistão. A boutique era uma delícia para dar uma olhada. No pátio dos fundos, havia peças de mobiliário incomuns pintadas à mão por Micela Livingstone. Nas áreas frontal e superior, havia uma vasta seleção de presentes importados estranhos e maravilhosos, novos suéteres, cachecóis e joias e intrigantes bugigangas de todos os lugares.

A empresa Mendes em Paris se tornou um complexo internacional de produção e marketing que fabricava roupas de nomes como Yves Saint Laurent , Rive Gauche, Givenchy , Nouvelle Boutique, Jean Muir, Christian Bailly, Roland Chakkal e a estrela em ascensão da Terra do Sol Nascente, cujas roupas foram trazidas pela primeira vez para Los Angeles por Carlos McClendon, da Chequer West.

Jobey Baker foi um ator e artista que, na década de 1970, tornou-se joalheiro. Seus pingentes e anéis em marfim gravados com prata, com preços de S190 a US$ 2.000, estavam na Chequer West. Também estava em exposição o rag chubby de Carlos McClendon, uma jaqueta incrível feita de restos de tecidos orientais e costurada com o efeito de pele fofa. Com ela veio uma longa saia jeans, aparada novamente com os restos em babados estilo calipso.

Em 1976, Pamela Dewey criou uma nova coleção chamada "Addables and Wadables" vendida na Chequer West. A designer tinge à mão saias de cambraia de algodão, túnicas e tops em cores de picolé, permitindo que a usuária usasse "a moda como um acessório, misturando-os da maneira que a mulher deseja". De acordo com Carlos McClendon: "Quando conheci a Sra. Dewey em um desfile de moda experimental, pensei que ela tinha um talento especial. Suas roupas são animadas, alegres, muito elegantes, mas relaxadas. Ela tem um feeling para o que as mulheres da Califórnia querem agora. São roupas muito liberadas". O grande sucesso de Pamela Dewey foi uma mistura que ela rotulou de "o meio-vestido", que consistia em duas metades verticais separadas que amarravam nas laterais para se tornar um vestido convencional. As metades podiam ser trocadas para criar diferentes combinações de cores. Cada metade custava US$ 25.

McClendon se aposentou em 1986 e se mudou para Pojoaque, onde continuou como um apoiador anônimo das artes. Ele se mudou para Puerto Vallarta em janeiro de 2008 para passar seus últimos meses no Oceano Pacífico que ele amava.

Morador de Pojoaque/Nambe desde 1986, morreu de causas naturais em 16 de julho de 2008, em Puerto Vallarta, México. McClendon não deixa sobreviventes na família, mas um grupo de velhos e novos amigos. A cremação ocorreu e suas cinzas foram espalhadas no Novo México de acordo com seus desejos.

Carlos McClendon by George Platt Lynes

#carlos mcclendon #george platt lynes

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acteur-dramatique · 14 days ago

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Chapter Sixteen: First Day of Classes

TJ’s alarm blared at 7 AM, pulling him from the depths of sleep. He groaned, rubbing his eyes and questioning all his life choices that had led him to sign up for an 8 AM French class. Bleary-eyed, he stumbled out of bed, grabbed his towel, and headed down the hall to shower, the cool water doing little to wake him fully. Once he was back in his room, he quickly dressed in a soft gray sweater and slim-fit jeans, slipping on his Dior shoes, the polished leather adding an edge of sophistication he liked.

He tossed his French textbook, notebook, and a few pens into his Saint Laurent Sac de Jour bag, the structured leather gleaming in the morning light. With a quick glance in the mirror, he took a breath, steeling himself for his first official day of college classes, and headed out the door.

The campus was already bustling, students crisscrossing the quad, bags slung over shoulders, coffee cups in hand, laughter and chatter filling the crisp morning air. TJ felt a familiar mix of excitement and nerves as he joined the flow, making his way to Baldwin Hall. He passed groups of students who were catching up or reading over syllabi last-minute, each one absorbed in their own first-day rituals. He hadn’t felt this nervous about a first day of school in years, but there was something about college that made everything feel larger, more real.

He found his classroom and stepped inside, greeted by the scent of fresh paper and chalk. At the front of the room stood Dr. McLane-Iles, a petite woman with silver-gray hair and a warm smile. Her expression brightened as students filed in, and she greeted each one with a soft, accented “Bonjour.” TJ found a seat near the window, setting his bag on the floor and pulling out his notebook and pen.

As he settled in, he couldn’t help but notice a few students glancing his way, their eyes darting to his bag, his shoes, then back to him. TJ shifted slightly in his seat, a faint blush creeping up his neck. He’d never thought much of his clothes back in high school; they were just a part of him, a bit of comfort and style. But here, the polished designer brands seemed to set him apart, unintentionally drawing eyes in a way that made him feel exposed.

He focused on the front of the room as Dr. McLane-Iles began the lesson with a gentle yet precise “Bienvenue, mes étudiants.” Her voice was lilting, every word carefully pronounced, and TJ felt himself relax a bit, falling into the rhythm of the language. She led the class through introductions, switching seamlessly between English and French as she gave them an overview of what to expect.

TJ opened his notebook and began to jot down notes, his handwriting neat and slanted. French had always been his strong suit—he’d started lessons when he was ten, his parents keen on him learning a second language early on. By now, he could understand it fluently, even if his spoken French wasn’t quite perfect yet. Dr. McLane-Iles began the class with a simple question about favorite activities, and as she called on each student, TJ felt his confidence grow, mentally answering each question in French before the others spoke.

When it was his turn, he cleared his throat. “J’aime écouter de la musique et lire,” he said, his voice soft but steady.

Dr. McLane-Iles smiled approvingly. “Très bien, TJ,” she said, her tone encouraging. “Your pronunciation is very good.”

TJ smiled, a spark of pride lighting up his chest. He continued to listen closely, answering in his head as Dr. McLane-Iles guided the class through more conversation exercises, each one a little more challenging than the last. It felt good to be back in a classroom, fully immersed in the language, his thoughts shifting effortlessly between English and French.

By the end of the class, he felt both energized and exhausted, his mind buzzing from all the new information. He gathered his things as the students around him began to pack up, some glancing his way one last time, but he barely noticed now. His confidence from the lesson stayed with him, a reminder that this was just the beginning, and he was ready to take on whatever college had to offer

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freelance-informatique · 21 days ago

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Jean-Louis Gasset de retour à Montpellier... Glenn Nyberg arbitrera PSG et le PSV Eindhoven

Alors que le Montpellier Hérault SC se retrouve sans entraîneur après le départ de Michel Der Zakarian, le président du club, Laurent Nicollin, pourrait bien surprendre avec un recrutement de Jean-Louis Gasset. Malgré ses déclarations affirmant avoir mis un terme à sa carrière d'entraîneur, le technicien de 70 ans serait tenté par un retour pour sauver son club de cœur en Ligue 1. Par contre, du coté du PSG, Glenn Nybergsera bien l'arbitre du prochain match entre le PSG et le PSV Eindhoven. Lisez notre compil... Jean-Louis Gasset pour entrainer Montpellier Hérault SC ? Dimanche soir, la défaite cuisante face à l’Olympique de Marseille a scellé le sort de Michel Der Zakarian, l'entraineur du Montpellier Hérault SC, qui risque de céder son fauteuil à Jean-Louis Gasset. Michel Der Zakarian, en poste depuis plusieurs années, n'a pas su redresser une équipe en difficulté cette saison. Résultat : une décision de la direction, avec son licenciement immédiat. Dans ce contexte, la recherche d’un remplaçant pour assurer la survie du club en Ligue 1 devient prioritaire. Et c'est là que le nom de Jean-Louis Gasset refait surface. Le technicien, qui a une longue histoire avec Montpellier, pourrait être la solution idéale pour stabiliser une équipe qui vacille dangereusement dans le bas du classement. Lire aussi : Quels sont les salaires des coachs de Ligue 1 les plus élevés ? Jean-Louis Gasset : des adieux qui pourraient ne pas durer En mai dernier, après un court passage sur le banc de l’Olympique de Marseille, Jean-Louis Gasset annonçait qu’il tirait définitivement un trait sur sa carrière d’entraîneur. "Dimanche est le dernier match de ma carrière. Que je reste dans le foot, qu’on se serve de mon expérience, mes idées et mes réseaux est une possibilité. Mais entraîneur, c’est terminé." Une déclaration qui semblait marquer la fin d'une carrière riche, où Jean-Louis Gasset a notamment dirigé les Girondins de Bordeaux et l'AS Saint-Étienne. La situation actuelle de Montpellier pourrait bien faire changer Jean-Louis Gasset d’avis. Le club, en quête de stabilité, pourrait lui offrir un dernier défi à relever : maintenir le MHSC en Ligue 1. La perspective de revenir au sein de l'équipe où il a non seulement joué mais aussi d��marré sa carrière d'entraîneur pourrait être une opportunité difficile à refuser. Laurent Nicollin à la recherche d'un sauveur Laurent Nicollin, président du MHSC, est un dirigeant pragmatique. Face à l'urgence, il semblerait prêt à tout pour assurer la pérennité de son club en Ligue 1. Selon plusieurs sources, y compris Mohamed Toubache Ter, bien informé sur les affaires du club, Jean-Louis Gasset serait sérieusement envisagé pour reprendre l'équipe première. Cette décision s’inscrirait dans une volonté de court terme, avec pour principal objectif de sauver le club de la relégation. Certains évoquent aussi la possibilité de confier à Jean-Louis Gasset un rôle plus large, comme celui de directeur sportif ou directeur technique à partir de la saison prochaine. Une manière de capitaliser sur son expérience et son expertise, sans lui imposer la pression quotidienne liée au métier d’entraîneur. Jean-Louis Gasset dans un possible retour à la Mosson Jean-Louis Gasset connaît bien la maison montpelliéraine. Il y a entamé sa carrière d'entraîneur, après y avoir évolué en tant que joueur. Il a également été adjoint à plusieurs reprises, notamment sous la direction de Laurent Blanc, à la fois en équipe de France et au Paris Saint-Germain. Ce lien affectif avec le club pourrait jouer en faveur d’un retour, surtout dans une période où Montpellier semble avoir besoin d’une figure fédératrice pour redresser la barre. Le MHSC est actuellement dans une situation délicate en championnat, avec une série de résultats décevants. Un entraîneur comme Jean-Louis Gasset, qui a prouvé à plusieurs reprises sa capacité à gérer des situations tendues, pourrait être l’homme de la situation. Son retour serait vu comme un acte symbolique, mais aussi pragmatique, étant donné ses compétences reconnues dans la gestion de crises sportives. Une décision imminente ? Bien que rien ne soit encore officiel, le nom de Jean-Louis Gasset circule avec insistance dans les coulisses du MHSC. La direction du club semble consciente que le temps presse et qu’une décision rapide doit être prise. Avec un calendrier qui s’annonce chargé pour Montpellier, il est important que l’équipe soit dirigée par un entraîneur capable de redonner confiance aux joueurs et de les guider vers des performances plus solides. Si Jean-Louis Gasset accepte de sortir de sa retraite, cela marquerait un tournant dans la saison du club. Mais accepterait-il un retour sous forme d’intérim ou pourrait-il envisager un rôle à plus long terme, comme celui de directeur sportif ou technique ? Tout est encore à discuter, mais une chose est certaine : le MHSC doit agir vite. Glenn Nyberg pour arbitrer le match entre le PSG et le PSV Eindhoven Le Paris Saint-Germain s’apprête à affronter le PSV Eindhoven dans le cadre de la troisième journée de la phase de poules de la Ligue des champions. Pour cette rencontre décisive, c'est l'arbitre suédois Glenn Nyberg qui a été désigné pour officier. À 36 ans, Glenn Nyberg est un visage bien connu du PSG, pour avoir déjà arbitré le club parisien lors de plusieurs rencontres importantes. Glenn Nyberg avait déjà croisé la route des Parisiens lors de la saison 2023, notamment lors du match retour contre le Borussia Dortmund en phase de groupes de la Ligue des champions. Cette rencontre s'était soldée par un match nul (1-1), avec une prestation plutôt sobre de l'arbitre, qui avait distribué un carton jaune pour chaque équipe. Cet arbitre suédois, qui n'en est pas à sa première expérience en Ligue des champions, est réputé pour sa gestion stricte des fautes, tout en restant mesuré dans l'utilisation des cartons rouges. En huit rencontres de Ligue des champions, il n’a jamais expulsé de joueur, mais a tout de même distribué 16 cartons jaunes, preuve d’un arbitrage rigoureux mais équilibré. Glenn Nyberg inspire confiance Pour cette saison 2024-2025, Glenn Nyberg a déjà dirigé plusieurs rencontres qualificatives pour la Ligue des champions ainsi que des matchs de la Ligue des nations. Son expérience et sa gestion rigoureuse des situations tendues sur le terrain en font un choix approprié pour un match aussi important que PSG-PSV Eindhoven. Le PSG, qui vise à se qualifier pour les phases finales de la compétition, devra faire face à une équipe du PSV ambitieuse, et l'arbitrage de Glenn Nyberg pourrait jouer un rôle important dans le déroulement de cette rencontre. Luis Enrique, entraîneur du PSG, connaît déjà l’arbitre suédois et saura probablement adapter ses consignes en conséquence. Un parcours arbitral bien rempli pour Glenn Nyberg Glenn Nyberg n'est pas un inconnu dans le monde de l’arbitrage européen. En plus de ses prestations en Ligue des champions, il a également officié lors du dernier Euro 2024, où il a arbitré des rencontres importantes, comme le match entre la Belgique et la France (0-1). Lors de ce match, il avait distribué pas moins de cinq cartons jaunes, dont trois pour l’équipe de France, ce qui démontre une fois de plus son approche stricte mais juste. Voir également : Ces huit arbitres français sélectionnés par l'Euro 2024 Une rencontre à enjeux pour le PSG Le match contre le PSV Eindhoven est important pour le PSG, qui a besoin d’une victoire pour assurer sa place dans la compétition. Avec un arbitre aussi expérimenté que Glenn Nyberg, les Parisiens peuvent s'attendre à une gestion stricte mais équitable du match. L'équipe devra éviter de commettre des fautes inutiles, car Glenn Nyberg n'hésite jamais à sanctionner les comportements inappropriés sur le terrain. Que ce soit à Montpellier avec Jean-Louis Gasset ou à Paris avec Glenn Nyberg, le football français se prépare à vivre des moments décisifs. Le retour possible de Jean-Louis Gasset pourrait marquer un tournant pour le MHSC, tandis que le PSG espère voir une gestion sereine de sa rencontre en Ligue des champions. Read the full article

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