#bartholin glands function

[fidicusbartholin]

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Importance of Bartholin Glands | Homeopathy | Treatment Cure Medicine Bartholin Cyst Abscesses

Bartholin glands play a crucial role in female reproductive health. Homeopathy offers a safe, effective, and affordable treatment for Bartholin gland issues. It helps prevent, cure, and relieve symptoms naturally, providing lasting relief without side effects, ensuring overall well-being.

Dr. Bharadwaz | Bartholin Cyst Abscesses | Health & Fitness | Homeopathy, Medicine & Surgery | Clinical Research

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[creatrix-codex]

Let's take a quick look at some of the body parts that women need to be acquainted with.

Here's a detailed illustration, lest you think the female reproductive system is some damn easy bake oven. But we're starting with the basics!

Bartholin's Glands: These are located on either side of the vaginal canal and emit mucus that ranges from almost watery to thick and gooey depending on the need. This mucus combines with the plasma produced by the vaginal walls during arousal. The mucus from the Bartholin's gland is acidic, ranging from 3.8-4.5 on the pH scale (7.0 is neutral).

Cervix: The cervix functions as a gate between the vagina and uterus. It is a deceptively small part of the system when "inactive" but it can dilate significantly to accommodate a fetus. While something inserted into the vagina may touch the outer opening of the cervix, the cervix sits closed most of the time, so you're at no risk of losing a tampon. The cervix opens a little bit during ovulation, menstruation, and childbirth.

Clitoris: Research into the functions of the clitoris has been extremely limited. It has both an internal and external aspect, with the external being located above the urethra, and the internal wrapping around either side of the vagina. The only known function is arousal and sexual stimulation, which also improves fertility.

Fallopian Tubes: The fallopian tubes catch eggs released during ovulation and hold them in the ampulla until the egg is either fertilized - when the then-zygote is sent into the uterus to attach - or not, and released during menstruation.

Labia Majora: The external set of labia is called the labia majora. The labia majora functions to protect the rest of the vulva, the urethra, and the vagina. The labia majora typically swells with blood and slightly parts during arousal.

Labia Minora: The labia minora are the small, inner set of skin folds going from the clitoris to the bottom of the vaginal opening. Like the labia majora, their role is to protect everything encased in them. Unlike with labia majora, it isn't common to grow hair on the labia minora, which may cause discomfort and ingrown hair, leading to infection risks.

Ovaries: Ovaries are small round-ish sacs that contain eggs, the female half of the human gamete. Every month, a new egg drops out of the ovaries and floats (hopefully) to the fallopian tubes. Ovaries aren't attached to the fallopian tubes, so sometimes the eggs just get released into the abdominal cavity. During sex, sperm typically also ends up in the abdominal cavity, and that's how we get extrauterine pregnancies (ectopic pregnancy). Even without a uterus or fallopian tubes, a woman with even just one ovary can still experience pregnancy. Ovaries are also one of the biggest hormone controlling mechanisms in the female body.

Pubic Hair: Beginning at the start of puberty, girls develop pubic hair. By womanhood, this hair typically comes from the pelvis all the way down, covering the labia majora, extending onto the inner thighs, and down and back over the perineum and up around the anus. Pubic hair is there to help us keep clean. Typically the texture is springy, coarse, and curled. This helps prevent detritus from reaching the inner labia and vagina, which can cause irritation and infection. Pubic hair also wicks sweat and moisture away from the vulva. This is a very important function as the vagina and vulva are typically a little wet, due to discharge, and that moisture needs to be removed as it is replaced.

Skene's Glands: Located on either side and slightly under the urethra, these glands can release an "ultrafiltrate" of blood plasma, but typically only during (a really good) orgasm in a phenomenon known as female ejaculation/squirting/gushing. This is not urine. Fun fact: The fluid from Skene's glands is sweet, and has a very high concentration of both glucose and fructose.

Uterus: The uterus is an interesting and multi-purpose structure. Most commonly referenced, the uterus holds a fetus, develops the placenta, and does most of the work in reproduction. However, the uterus also serves as a "weight bearing" organ helping to define and maintain the structure of the abdominal cavity. Newer research is also indicating that the uterus plays an important part in hormone control, and overall health - for example, a hysterectomy increases your chance of developing dementia later in life.

Vagina: The vagina is a tube-like muscle organ that connects up to the cervix. When 'at rest' the vagina is quite short, but when a woman is aroused it lengthens. (Average vagina depth directly correlates to average penis length within a group - if the average penis length is 4-5 inches, the average vaginal depth when aroused is 4-5 inches.) As it's made of muscle, the vagina is highly maneuverable and can be clenched and released whether to increase pleasure during stimulation, or to help push a baby out.

Vulva: The external portion of the female reproductive system, comprising of the labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening, clitoris, urethra, and associated glands. Everything you can see is the vulva. (|i|) << all vulva.

[thesextheorist]

External Female Genitalia

Female Genitalia – Vagina, Vulva, Pussy, Yoni, C*nt and whatever you want to call it.

In this post we will cover the anatomy of the external female genitalia, it’s purpose and how you can get to know your own.

The full reproductive system (ovaries and womb) will NOT be included – post for a later time.

(WARNING: Contains anatomical diagram and one NSFW pic - thank you to our lord and saviour Betony Vernon.)

Being from the UK, of course my favourite term for Female Genitalia is c*nt. During my time at Secondary School, or High School for my American followers, I was barely taught anything about my vulva, not it’s anatomy or how it worked. I only found out there were two holes when one of my friends told me and I’d never been more embarrassed that I didn’t know how my own body worked or how I was built.

Ok, first lesson - what is the anatomy of the external genitalia? I’ve drawn a really bad diagram for you to look at as I explain the different parts of the external anatomy:

Vulva – The vulva is the term for the area which includes the Vaginal opening, the Labia Majora, the Labia minora and the clitoris.

Mons Pubis – The mound of fatty tissue which covers the pubic bone. It is this area that grows pubic hair.

Clitoral Hood – A fold of skin that surrounds the head of the clitoris (sometimes it can fully cover the clit – no wonder anyone can’t find it). This is designed to protect the clitoris from uncomfortable friction or rubbing.

Clitoris – Located under the clitoral hood and slightly between the labia minora. This is the ‘fun’ area. This little nub is very sensitive and is the go to when engaged in sex. Much like a penis, the clit becomes ‘erect’ with blood when stimulated and with the proper attention can result in orgasm.

Urethra – Located above the vaginal opening. It is a small hole, so small you’ll barely even be able to see it. This is the ‘pee’ hole. It can be engaged in sex – when the elusive ‘squirt’ happens during a female climax, you squirt from the urethra, not the vaginal opening.

Labia Majora – These are the outer lips, these also grow pubic hair and it’s main function is to protect the other external organs, mainly from infections.

Labia Minora – These are the inner lips. They are far more pink in colour than their sisters (Majora) due to the number of blood vessels present in the area, and in moments of sexual arousal the area swells with blood increasing their sensitivity. Sometimes these lips can ‘spill’ out in between the Labia Majora – this is perfectly normal! The minora only surround the area with the urethra and vaginal opening.

Vaginal Opening – This is the hole where the magic happens (where whatever object – in the realms of safe and sane, can be inserted, from dicks to tampons. You can even squeeze a baby through there. Ouch.)

Bartholin Glands – These are located just inside the vaginal opening (lining the sides), and these secrete a thick liquid which is used for lubrication during sex. So, these are what make you ‘wet’. Please, before anything is being inserted (sexually) into the vaginal opening, make sure you are wet and use plenty of lube (blog posts on this to come).

Hymen – Let me make this clear…The Hymen is NOT a virginity detector! The Hymen is a very thin piece of skin that only partially covers the vaginal opening (if it covered the whole opening then you wouldn’t get your period). It can stretch or tear during sex, causing the infamous blood on the sheets for 'first timers' (and unfortunately where the term ‘popping your cherry’ came from. Silly really, not all first timers bleed, just more romanticised bullshit from a culture that fetishises virginity and 'purity'). BUT, it can also stretch and tear from swimming, horse riding, sports or the excursions of daily life. For some women, their hymen is too small to see, or it can be non-existent. Much like other skin, the hymen can repair itself.  

Perineum – Located between the Labia Majora and the Anus. It can vary in size, between 1 – 2+ inches. Contains internal structures which help with bodily functions which include sex and childbirth – so don’t be afraid to use it during sex, just be careful!

Now, one thing you will have taken from my diagram is that it’s not perfect, and that’s ok, because no c*nt is cosmetically perfect. Everyone’s c*nt is different and you should embrace that. It’s yours and no one has any right to say to you ‘Oh it’s ugly’, ‘oh it smells funny’, ‘are you sure it should look like that?’ – fuck them! They clearly don’t know shit (although if you notice it smells different than usual, or your discharge is coming out different than usual then please go see a doctor - more posts to follow on this!)

My advice to you…

Dim the lights, light some scented candles, stick on some mindless Netflix program or any song by The Weeknd, get a mirror, stick it down there and take a good look at you. Explore you. I say this because I see it this way; how can you expect anyone to give you a good time during sex if you don’t even know how you’re built and where everything is. It seems weird at first, and it’s ok to back out the first few times. Baby steps. You don’t have to dive in all at once. It’s your body, you set the time and you set your boundaries. However I do highly recommend exploring, and not just for beginners, it’s good for even the most experienced amongst us to refresh ourselves every once in a while. 

(Image: Betony Vernon and François Berthoud, ‘The Boudoir Bible’, 2013).  

My next post will be on the clitoris (because boy is that thing bigger than we thought).

Hope this helps, and stay sex positive my lovelies.

-     Love, TheSexTheorist xxx

[domelong]

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Today members within Russia occasionally enact interventions, but this is viewed as distinct from the media brand established by its most famous members. Despite the public perception of Pussy Riot as a group led by Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina, they were conceived of and functioned as a leaderless collective until the disbanding of the group in 2014.Whilst many of their performances, protests and visual statements provoke hostility, arrest, or condemnation in the live moment, the documented, edited and broadcast versions that are then disseminated via the internet accrue national and international attention and solidarity. The reception of Pussy Riot's artworks are often very different in the live moment of performance and the later (usually digital) presentation of them to their audience.This is an ethos most clearly connected to the punk subculture that inspires them, where skill or technical expertise is subordinate to the idea behind a particular work. In most cases notions of aesthetic quality are superseded by the political resonance of the intervention and/or its potential to enact change and raise awareness. Pussy Riot's artistic practice is designed to have real world political impact.The lactic acid makes the surface of the lining slightly acidic, thus protecting against disease-causing microorganisms that have gained entry via the vaginal orifice. Bacteria within the vagina ferment the glycogen, so that lactic acid is produced. The cells in the lining contain large quantities of glycogen (stored animal starch). Masters and Virginia Johnson reported in 1966 that vaginal lubrication during sexual excitement was supplied by the seepage of a mucuslike fluid through the walls of the vagina. After extensive clinical observation, however, William H. The mucus that lubricates the vaginal cavity had traditionally been ascribed to the cervix or to the Bartholin’s glands in the labia. These tend to disappear in older women and in those women who have borne children. The vaginal lining characteristically has several transverse ridges known as vaginal rugae, which permit expansion of the vaginal cavity. The thickness of the lining varies directly with the amount of estrogen liberated from the ovaries the lining is thickest and most elastic during ovulation (egg release from the ovaries) and during pregnancy. The lining of the vaginal cavity responds to stimulation from the various ovarian hormones by either building new cell layers or shedding the old ones. This layer of connective tissue joins those tissues of the urinary bladder, rectum, and other pelvic structures. Covering the muscle tissue is a sheath of connective tissue that consists of blood vessels, lymphatic ducts, and nerve fibres. The muscular wall is composed of two layers of muscle fibres, a weak internal circular layer and a strong external longitudinal layer. The muscle walls of the vagina are thick and elastic in order to accommodate both the movement of the penis during intercourse and the passage of a child during delivery. How deep is your body of knowledge about the inner workings of humans? Test it with this quiz. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.

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[dragim-uj]

BARTHOLIN'S CYST/ABSCESS

The Bartholin's glands in the female corresponds to the cowper's glands in the male. The Bartholin’s gland's main function is to secrete mucus to provide vaginal and vulva lubrication during sexual intercourse.

A cyst is an abnormal sac-like growth containing fluid or other substance, when this sac-like growth contains pus, it is called an abscess. A cyst/abscess that forms in the Bartholin’s gland is called the Bartholin’s cyst/abscess. The Bartholin’s glands also called the greater vestibular glands in the female corresponds to the bulbourethral glands in the male also called the cowper’s glands. The…

[fidicusbartholin]

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Structure of Bartholin Glands | Homeopathy | Treatment Cure Medicine

Bartholin Cyst Abscesses Bartholin glands are small, located near the vaginal opening, and help lubricate. Homeopathy offers a safe, effective, and affordable treatment to relieve discomfort, prevent complications, and cure issues like cysts. Choose natural remedies for long-term wellness and prevention.

Dr. Bharadwaz | Bartholin Cyst Abscesses | Health & Fitness | Homeopathy, Medicine & Surgery | Clinical Research

#UterusAnatomy #reproductivehealth #BartholinGlands #womenshealth #anatomyexplained

#DrBharadwaz #Helseform #Fidicus #Clingenious #ClingeniousHealth #HelseformFitness #FidicusHomeopathy #ClingeniousResearch

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Fidicus Bartholin

highest success with homeopathy

Quick Relief | No Surgery | Permanent Cure

[polyamoroamer]

Genital Pain? You’re Not Alone! (Part 4: Cysts)

This is the first part of this series that I have not personally experienced.

A friend of mine struggles with recurring vaginal cysts. They start on her Bartholin’s glands and swell until they cause her a great deal of pain and discomfort. She’s had to have one drained and another recently came back up after the doctor who performed the surgery screwed it up. To be clear, the doctor can do everything right and they can still recur. It just so happened that he fucked up as well.

She was in tears the other day after receiving the news that they’d come back and the doctors were considering removing those glands. She was scared that it would mean she could no longer have sex, or that it would no longer be pleasurable. She doesn’t want to face these cysts recurring forever, but more than that she wants to be able to have an enjoyable, healthy sex life.

I got into my usual ‘comfort and hugs’ mode before initiating my secondary ���research mode’. Turns out that the removal of the glands would not impede her sexual function and that she may or may not require hormonal cream afterwards to replace the lost hormones from the glands, so it’s not as bad as it seems at first glance. At worst, she would probably need to use more lube as the Bartholin’s glands are partially responsible for lubrication.

It seemed strange that the doctors were considering removing her glands after only two cysts, as by all accounts that’s a last resort, and there are many other options before that, including warm water baths, waiting, draining, balloon catheter, marsupialisation and many others. On the other hand, they’re doctors and I’m just a Googler. I gave her a list of possible other options to ask them about anyway.

While she was at the house, the cyst abruptly burst and drained itself, which may have changed everything anyway - the surgical options suggested were more for when it’s a stubborn thing and won’t leave.

Either way, having read a lot of medical notes about this condition and stumbling over a fair few firsthand accounts, it seems like this will hopefully not be as scary and detrimental as it could have been. Time will tell, but fingers crossed a good way to manage this is found for her.

Very few things in life are completely hopeless. Or maybe a lot of things are, but vastly more are not. If you’re struggling with recurring cysts, please do talk to your doctor about your options if you haven’t yet, as there are many.

[siva3155]

300+ TOP ENDOCRINOLOGY Objective Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions :-

1) Cortisol is secreted from where? A) Adrenal Medulla B) Adrenal Cortex:- Zona Fasiculata C) Adrenal Cortex:- Zona Reticularis D) Adrenal Cortex:- Zona Glomerulus E) Anterior Hypophysis Ans:- D 2) Which of these is not secreted from the Anterior Hypohysis? A) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone B) Adrenocorticotrophin Hormone C) Oxytocin D) Follicular Stimulating Hormone E) Lutenising Hormone Ans:- C 3) Diabetes Insipidus is a deficiency of what hormone? A) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide B) Vasopressin C) Aldosterone D) Insulin E) Progesterone Ans:- B 4) Excess prolactin causes: A) Acromegaly B) Gynaecomastia C) Dwarfism D) Anaemia E) Early Menopause Ans:- B 5) Which of the following signs strongly support a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma? A) Carpopedal Spasm B) Bitemporal Hemianopsia C) Chvostek's Sign D) Tremor E) Clubbing Ans:- B 6) ADH is secreted by the A) Hypothalamus B) Posterior lobe of the pituitary C) Intermediate Lobe of the pituitary D) Anterior lobe of the pituitary Ans:- B 7) ADH has it greatest influence on the kidneys at A) Cortex B) Distal convoluted tubule C) Medulla D) Proximal convoluted tubule Ans:- C 8) TSH stimulation in the thyroid causes A) Decreased blood flow B) Decrease in gland size C) Increased in follicular epithelium D) Increase in colloid Ans:- C 9) A 16 year old female presents to HMC s/p boating accident and closed head injury with anterior table non-displaced frontal sinus fracturHer urine output on day two is 10 liters a day. You tell the family A) This is self limited and prognosis is good B) This requires immediate surgery for decompression and fracture repair C) This is idiopathic and has a high mortality D) This is not my problem as trauma service Ans:- C 10) In relation to Calcium, phosphorus A) Increases in serum concentration B) Decreases in serum concentration C) Linked to Magnesium D) Linked to albumin Ans:- B

ENDOCRINOLOGY MCQs 11) Long term management of hypercalcemia does not include A) Bisphosphonates B) Hydration C) Calcitonin D) Loop diuretics Ans:- C 12) A 37 year old females is s/p thyroidectomy POD #2 with heart rate of 155, temperature of 102 and altered mental status. Her TSH is 0.01 and T4 is found to be 12.3. First line treatment includes A) Medication targeted at destroying follicular cells B) Medication that decreases T4 output in the colloid cells C) Medication that prevents conversion of T4 to T3 D) Medication targeted centrally to prevent the release of TSH Ans:- C 13) Which medication should be avoided in a thyroid storm A) B-blocker B) Glucocorticosteriods C) Insulin D) ASA Ans:- D 14) A 45 year old man is s/p total thyroidectomy with numbness in cace and hands and a positve Chovstek sign. The serum calcium is 6.9 the appropiate step is A) D/C with close follow up to home B) Check a magnesium STAT C) Calcium gluconate 3 gm IV D) Oscal with D 4500mg per day Ans:- C 15) Severe hypothyroidism characterized by dry, puffy skin, somnolence, slow mentation, and hoarseness is known as A) hypoparathryroidsim B) myxedema C) pheochromocytoma D) rickets Ans:- B 16) Insulin shock is characterized by A) severe hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin B) severe hyperglycemia C) too little insulin in the bloodstream D) an allergic reaction to insulin Ans:- A 17) Which of the following would be an appropriate medication for someone with hypothyroidism? A) Cymbalta B) Levoxyl C) Zelnorm D) Zithromax Ans:- B 18) Chronic excretion of large amounts of urine of low specific gravity is indicative of A) diabetes innocens B) diabetes insipidus C) diabetes intermittens D) diabetes mellitus Ans:- B 19) Potassium, sodium, and chloride are A) catecholamines B) electrolytes C) enzymes D) steroids Ans:- B 20) Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and face due to overproduction of growth hormone is called A) acromegaly B) Cushing syndrome C) polydactyly D) Addison disease Ans:- A 21) Which of the following is a measure of blood sugar after 4 or more hours of no food? A) fasting glucose B) glucose tolerance test C) microalbumin test D) thyroid function test Ans:- A 22) Which of the following is transcribed correctly? A) The patient was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at 4 years of ag B) The patient was diagnosed with type I diabetes at 4 years of age. C) The patient was diagnosed with type I diabetes at 4-years of age. D) The patient was diagnosed with type one diabetes at 4 years of age. Ans:- A 23) Elevated glucose levels, especially in obese persons, may be due to A) diabetic acidosis B) glucose intolerance C) insulin resistance D) insulin shock Ans:- C 24) Which gland secretes DHEA and cortisol? A) pituitary B) adrenal C) parathyroid D) pineal Ans:- B 25) Measurement of T3, T4 and TSH is collectively known as A) TFTs B) BMP C) LFTs D) CMP Ans:- A 26) Which of the following is a hypoglycemic medication? A) Avandia B) Ceftin C) Lipitor D) Prevacid Ans:- A 27) Overactivity of the thyroid gland is called A) Addison disease B) Cushing syndrome C) hyperthyroidism D) hypothyroidism Ans:- C 28) Which of the following is a complication of diabetes mellitus? A) gastropharesis B) exophthalmos C) hirsutism D) moon facies Ans:- A 29) Graves disease is also known as A) hypothyroidism B) parathymia C) hyperinsulinism D) toxic goiter Ans:- D 30) The "master gland" of the endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, is the A) apical gland B) Bartholin gland C) pituitary gland D) thyroid gland Ans:- C 32) Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream rather than into ducts leading to the exterior of the body? A) endocrine gland B) exocrine gland C) serous gland D) target gland Ans:- A 33) Which test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels over the previous 2 months? A) methemoglobin B) C-reactive protein C) hemoglobin A1c D) prolactin Ans:- C 34) Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called A) bruit B) goiter C) moon facies D) thyroiditis Ans:- B 35) What is a possible diagnosis for a middle-age woman with thinning hair, fatigue, irritability, and weight gain? A) hyperthyroidism B) hypochondria C) hypoparathyroidism D) hypothyroidism Ans:- D 36) Insulin is produced in the A) gallbladder B) kidney C) liver D) pancreas Ans:- D 37) Which hormone is secreted in the urine of pregnant women? A) beta hCG B) oxytocin C) growth hormone D) somatotropin Ans:- A 38) Which of the following is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor? A) estrogen B) oxytocin C) progesterone D) prolactin Ans:- B 40) Which of the following is used to treat diabetes mellitus? A) Humalog B) Lotrel C) Lotensin D) Neuronitn Ans:- A 41) Which of the following hormones stimulates egg production in the ovaries? A) FSH B) PSA C) TSH D) prolactin Ans:- A 42) Which of the following secrete estrogen and progesterone? A) adrenal glands B) pineal glands C) ovaries D) testes Ans:- C 43) What is the name of the gland that is composed of a right and left lobe on either side of the trachea? A) adrenal gland B) parathyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) thyroid gland Ans:- D 44) An excessive or abnormal hair growth, particularly male pattern hair growth on a woman, is called A) Addison disease B) cretinism C) hirsutism D) testoxicosis Ans:- C 45) Growth hormone A) Directly stimulates growth of cartilage and bone B) Levels are subnormal in acromegaly C) Promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue D) Enhance protein breakdown in non-vital organs E) Enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by tissue Ans:- C 46) What test is most useful for Killer? A) TSH concentration B) Skin biopsy C) Total T4 or fT4 Ans:- C 47) What was your diagnosis? A) Hypothyroidism (primary, ie thyroid disease) B) Hypothyroidism (secondary, ie pituitary disease) C) Hyperthyroidism Ans:- A 48) For most dogs, what is the main hormone that is deficient? A) Thyroxine (T4) B) Diiodotyrosine (T2) C) Triiodothyronine (T3) Ans:- A 49) Where is it produced? A) Thyroid B) Cellular conversion C) Brain Ans:- A 50) What is the active form of thyroid hormone? A) Triiodothyronine T3 B) Diiodotyrosine (T2) C) Thyroxine (T4) Ans:- A ENDOCRINOLOGY Objective type Questions with Answers 51) Where is T3 produced? A) Equally from thyroid and tissue conversion of T4 B) Small amount from thyroid, and mostly from tissue conversion of T4 C) Mostly from thyroid and small amount from tissue conversion of T4 Ans:- B 52) What other form of thyroid hormone is produced in the cells? A) Diiodotyrosine T2 B) Thyroxine T4 C) Reverse T3 Ans:- C 53) What is its function? A) Negative feedback to thyroid B) Same function as T3 C) Inactive Ans:- C 54) What is the mechanism for deficiency of thyroid hormones in majority of cases? A) Bilateral thyroid gland destruction B) Insufficient precursors for production C) Insufficient pituitary production of TSH Ans:- A 55) How is the gland destroyed? A) Infection B) Traumatic injury C) Immune mediated Ans:- C 56) What are the most common clinical signs? A) Lethargy and alopecia B) Weight gain and PU/PD C) Alopecia and weight gain Ans:- A 57) Where is the alopecia typically seen? A) Trunk and belly B) Base or tip of tail, base of ears, lateral lumbar region C) Tips of pinnae, base of tail and under chin Ans:- B 58) Other hair coat or skin changes include? A) Dry hair, Short guard hairs, Fading coat colour B) Dry hair, Long guard hairs, Fading coat colour C) Hyperpigmentation, Seborrhea D) A and C E) B and C Ans:- E 59) Other common clinical signs include... A) Weight gain, Hyperthermia, Bradycardia, Infertility, constipation B) Weight loss, Bradycardia, Constipation C) Weight gain, Bradycardia, Infertility, Constipation D) Weight loss, Bradycardia, Infertility, Diarrhoea Ans:- C 60) What non-specific tests are often abnormal on a haematology and biochemistry profile? A) Anaemia of chronic disease, increased cholesterol, triglycerides, CK B) Anaemia of chronic disease, increased urea, creatinine and CK C) Anaemia of chronic disease, decreased cholesterol and CK, increased liver enzymes Ans:- A 61) What was the first specific diagnostic test you did? A) Free T4 B) TSH concentration C) TSH stimulation D) Total T4 E) A & D Ans:- E 62) Why not measure T3= active form? A) Too expensive B) Often below normal in hypothyroid dogs C) Often below normal in euthyroid sick dogs D) B & C Ans:- D 63) What does 'euthyroid sick' mean? A) Any form of thyroid abnormality B) Synonymous with hypothyroid C) Decreased TT3, +/- TT3 and +/- fT4 in sick (non-hypothyroid) dog Ans:- C 64) Which of the following may affect the measurement of T4 & T3? A) Phenobarbital B) Metacam, carprofen C) Prednisolone D) General anaesthetic E) Clomipramine F) F. All of the above Ans:- F 65) What did you use as hormone replacement therapy? A) Triiodothyroine T3 B) Thyroxine T4 C) Reverse T3 Ans:- B 66) Which of the following are signs of overdosing? A) Clinical signs of overdosing do not occur with T4 therapy B) Nervousness, restlessness, panting, tachycardia, PU/PD C) Lethargy, dullness, inappetance Ans:- B 67) How common is secondary (pituitary dependent. or tertiary (hypothalamihypothyroidism in dogs? A) Common B) Rare C) Never occurs Ans:- B 68) How would you distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism? A) Measure TSH B) Biopsy gland C) Give TRH and measure T4 D) All of the above Ans:- D 69) How common is hypothyroidism in dogs? A) Rare B) Relatively common C) Similar occurrence to other endocrinopathies Ans:- B 70) How common is hypothyroidism in cats? A) Rare B) Most common endocrinopathy C) Similar occurrence to other endocrinopathies Ans:- A 71) What are the most likely diseases for PU/PD & alopecia? A) Diabetes mellitus, Hyperadrenocorticism, GH responsive alopecia B) Hyperadrenocorticism, Diabetes mellitus C) Chronic renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism, hepatic neoplasia Ans:- B 72) What are the steps needed to diagnose hyperA? A) Look for adrenal tumour, if negative look for pituitary tumour B) Confirm hyperA but it is not possible to determine whether aetiology is pituitary or adrenal C) Confirm hyperA then differentiate between pituitary and adrenal dependent Ans:- C 73) What test/s can be used to confirm/ deny hyperA? A) Low dose dexamethasone suppression test B) High dose dexamethasone suppression test C) ACTH concentration D) ACTH stimulation test E) Both A and D Ans:- E 74) What are the causes of HyperA A) Neoplasia + iatrogenic (exogenous steroids) B) Neoplasia + iatrogenic + immune mediated C) Neoplaia + iatrogenic + diet Ans:- A 75) What is the primary hormone in excess in a pituitary tumour? A) ACTH B) Cortisol C) TSH Ans:- A 76) What is the primary hormone in excess in an adrenal tumour A) ACTH B) Cortisol C) TSH Ans:- B 77) What are the major effects of excess cortisol? A) Catbolic + immunosuppression B) Catabolic + anabolic C) Catabolic + immune stimulation Ans:- A 78) Which of the following could be used to determine PDH vs AT? A) 4 hour sample in the LDD B) High dose dexamethasone suppression test C) Ultrasound &/ or x-ray of adrenals D) ACTH concentration E) All of the above Ans:- E 79) What is the rationale for using radiography? A) Different adrenal size B) Identify other abdominal problems C) Mineralisation of the adrenals Ans:- C 80) What are the implications of a pituitary tumour? A) Most are large tumours that will kill the dog due to space occupation in the brain B) Most are small tumours, but dog is likely to die from metastasis. C) Most are small tumours; tumour invasion and metastasis rarely cause death Ans:- C 81) How would you test for iatrogenic hyperA? A) ACTH stimulation B) Low dose dexamethasone suppression test C) High dose dexamethasone suppression test D) ACTH concentration Ans:- A 82) What was your final diagnosis for Sheena? A) Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism + bacterial cystitis B) Adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism + renal failure C) Adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism + cystitis Ans:- C 83) What treatment would you recommend? A) Surgery B) Euthanasia C) No treatment is necessary Ans:- A 84) What test/s should be performed prior to surgery? A) Chest radiograph and abdominal ultrasound B) Chest radiograph and brain MRI or CT scan C) Chest radiograph and cardiac ultrasound Ans:- A 87) How do you assess the response to treatment? A) Feed and water intake B) ACTH stimulation test C) Both of the above Ans:- C 88) Choose the intermediate-acting insulin(s.: A) Lispro B) Aspart C) Regular D) NPH E) Glargine Ans:- D 89) The main mechanism of _____ is to block TH iodination; also prevent peripheral conversion of T4 -->T3. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- A 90) The main indication for _____ is intravenous calcium replacement for hypocalcemia. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- A 91) Monoclonal antibody that binds to Her2/neu receptor on breast cancer cells A) Estrogen replacement B) Gonadotropins C) Tamoxifen D) Anastrozole E) Trastuzumab Ans:- E 92) Glipizide has the following main side-effects: A) Hypoglycemia B) Lactic acidosis C) Weight gain D) Hepatotoxicity E) CV toxicity Ans:- A 93) Partial estrogen agonist (SERM) in breast tissue - used to treat and prevent ER-positive breast cancer A) Estrogen replacement B) Gonadotropins C) Tamoxifen D) Anastrozole E) Trastuzumab Ans:- C 94) The main mechanism of _____ is to block TH iodination; contraindicated in pregnancy due to possibly teratogenicity. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- B 95) The main mechanism of _____ is symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Beta-blockers D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- C 96) The main indication for _____ is dietary calcium supplementation; need to take with a meal and can take less. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- B 97) _____ treat osteoporosis by inhibiting (killing) osteoclasts. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") 98) The main mechanism of _____ is to replace thyroxine (T4). A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- C 99) The main mechanism of _____ is closing K+ membrane channels on beta cells which triggers inulin release. A) Glizipide B) Metformin C) Sitagliptin D) Exenatide E) Pioglitazone/Rosiglitazone Ans:- A 100) Choose the slow-acting insulin(s): A) Lispro B) Aspart C) Regular D) NPH E) Glargine Ans:- E 101) GnRH analog that can suppress fertiltiy if given continuously A) Estrogen replacement B) Gonadotropins C) Tamoxifen D) Anastrozole E) Trastuzumab Ans:- B 102. The main mechanism of _____ is to block secretion of preformed thyroid hormone. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- D 103) Metformin has the following main side-effects: A) Hypoglycemia B) Lactic acidosis C) Weight gain D) Hepatotoxicity E) CV toxicity Ans:- B 104) _____ is indicated for use in emergent hypercalcemia to quickly reduce serum calcium; given in combnation with bisphosphonates which take ~48 hours to reduce serum calcium. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcitonin C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- B 105) This main mechanism of _____ is to act as an analog of incretin (GLP-1) which increases glucose dependent insulin secretion and reduces glucagon release. A) Glizipide B) Metformin C) Sitagliptin D) Exenatide E) Pioglitazone/Rosiglitazone Ans:- D 106) The main mechanism of _____ is to inhibit DPP-4. A) Glizipide B) Metformin C) Sitagliptin D) Exenatide E) Pioglitazone/Rosiglitazone Ans:- C 107) The main mechanism of _____ is killing thyroid cells. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Radioactive iodine (I131) E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- D 108) The main mechanism of _____ is inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver. A) Glizipide B) Metformin C) Sitagliptin D) Exenatide E) Pioglitazone/Rosiglitazone Ans:- B 109) The main indication for _____ is vitamin D replacement. A) Calcitriol B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- A 110) The main mechanism of _____ is to increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue. A) Glizipide B) Metformin C) Sitagliptin D) Exenatide E) Pioglitazone/Rosiglitazone Ans:- E 111) The main mechanism of _____ is to inhibit iodide transport. A) Propylthiouracil B) Methimazole C) Triiodothyronine D) Iodine E) Potassium thiocyanate Ans:- E 112) Aromatase inhibitor used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer to block peripheral estrogen production. A) Estrogen replacement B) Gonadotropins C) Tamoxifen D) Anastrozole E) Trastuzumab Ans:- D 113) _____ is used to treat hypogonadism or ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities; risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding, vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, thrombi formation A) Estrogen replacement B) Gonadotropins C) Tamoxifen D) Anastrozole E) Trastuzumab Ans:- A 114) _____ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is indicated for treatment of osteoporosis and prevents breast cancer. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- D 115) The main indication for _____ is dietary calcium supplementation; don't need to take with a meal but have to take more. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium citrate D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- C 116) _____ is a monoclonal antibody that binds RANKL and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. A) Calcium gluconate B) Calcium carbonate C) Denosumab D) Raloxifene E) Bisphosphonates ("-dronate") Ans:- C 117) T4 is converted to T3 by _____. A) TBG B) thyroglobulin C) peripheral tissue Ans:- C 118) Adrenal hemorrhage and insufficiency due to Neisseria meningitidis is called _____. A) Addison's B) Cushing's C) Conn's D) Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Ans:- D 119) Subacute thyroiditis causes chronic hyperthyroidism. A) True B) False Ans:- B 120) GnRH, oxytocin, ADH, and TRH signal via... A) cAMP B) cGMP C) IP3 D) Cytosolic steroid receptor E) Nuclear steroid receptor Ans:- C 121) Insulin and IGF-1 signal via... A) cAMP B) Tyrosine (MAP) kinase pathway C) IP3 D) Cytosolic steroid receptor E) Nuclear steroid receptor Ans:- B 122) Refractory hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal disease; very elevated PTH and elevated Ca2+ A) Primary hyperparathyroidism B) Secondary hyperparathyroidism C) Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Ans:- C ENDOCRINOLOGY Questions and Answers pdf Download :: Read the full article

[thesextheorist]

External Female Genitalia Continued – The Clitoris is the powerhouse of pleasure!

WARNING: One anatomical diagram of the female anatomy and one diagram of the structure of the clitoris.

First of all, I just want to say a huge thank you to everyone for liking and supporting my previous posts. I was unsure of how this blog would be received, but it’s heart warming to see all of you enjoying the content. I hope I can keep it up for you and improve the quality of the posts as I gain more experience.

Ok, sappy shit over. The clitoris. That little nub that for some reason, everyone seems to have a hard time finding. Can’t say I blame you really. During my first masturbation experience I was furiously rubbing the wrong area, somewhere just above my vaginal opening, and I thought I was broken or that I had been lied to about its power (masturbation is one of the next topics to come up – trust me I’ll give you the full story, it’s too fucking funny not to). Turns out, the clit is so much bigger than that little nub you see in your vulva. I’m inserting my shit diagram again for reference.

Yeah, that thing is actually 9 – 12 cm long (5 inches max – usually) and most of its structure is internal. Actually, roughly 90% of the clitoral structure is internal. I haven’t drawn this next diagram, but I can do if you all want to see more of my appalling art.

As you can see, the clitoral structure is like an arch or wishbone shape. The internal structure actually encircles the vagina (which is the actual canal beyond the vaginal opening – where dicks, tampons, fingers etc. all go when they venture inside). Unfortunately my lovelies, there is not a great deal I can tell you about the actual internal structure of the clitoris – because even the doctors have only just figured out what it looks like and what it does. The clitoris was ignored until the absolute goddess and urologist (a doctor who focuses on the functions of the urinary system…piss doctors for simple minded people like myself) Dr Helen O’Connell did an investigation into the clitoris using an MRI and discovered this mass internal structure in 2005!

However, what I can tell you is that if you’re just wanting to know more about that little nub and the magic it works, I’ve got you covered. The clitoris, also called the clitoral glans, the part that you can see on the external anatomy has roughly 8,000 nerve endings – quite a lot for its surface area, which is why it is so sensitive to stimulation. These nerve endings can send signals to 15,000 surrounding nerve endings in the pelvic/genital region. Now that I know how to masturbate properly, when I just stimulate this area I get the ‘leg shakes’ and can feel the stimulation all the way down to my feet. Powerful thing isn’t it? Again, not hard to see why this is the best area to focus on for your female partners. It is also rare when a female is able to orgasm without clitoral stimulation.

In the most recent study conducted in 2017, only 18% of women in Finland could orgasm through penetrative sex alone. The total amount of women who took part in the study was 8,000 – so that’s 1440 women who did not need their clitoris stimulated. Now! Do not take this as, ‘omg my body doesn’t work, I should be able to orgasm from something going inside!’ – no, you get those thoughts out of your head right now. Everyone’s bodies work differently. If you can only orgasm through clitoral stimulation (either on its own or with penetrative sex) – that doesn’t mean you’re any less of a woman and you do what works for you. If you don’t need clitoral stimulation to orgasm – again, doesn’t make you any less of a woman. You’re all amazing and should be proud of what you can do. You should embrace what gets you off and actually learn about techniques regarding that area to enhance your experience.

The clitoris, you’ll be happy to hear, has no reproductive function whatsoever! It is the only organ in the female body which is entirely focused on pleasure. It certainly helps to stimulate it before penetrative sex as through arousal, as previously established, it brings increased blood flow to the vulva – increasing sensitivity of the area and it stimulates the Bartholin Glands to release that lube like substance which is essential for sex. As well as this, stimulation of the clitoris and orgasms in general can help with period pains and stress relief via the release of endorphins, and it can help with sleepless nights. This is subjective for everyone, it helps with my period cramps, but I can’t use it to help me sleep, I just end up more awake from the excitement of it all.

That’s it for the external female genitalia! My next post will be about giving some love to the guys as we talk about the external male genitalia.

Here is the link to the study I was talking about earlier. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319671#The-female-orgasm-in-research

I hope this has helped you all. Stay sex positive my lovelies!

-          Love, TheSexTheorist xxx

[shoungyi-blog]

What are the causes of vaginal pain in women?

How is female vagina painful to return a responsibility, how should treat good fast? Gynecological experts recommend: if there are obvious symptoms, you can use jie'eryin or wash the vagina after Fuyanshu Jie, rushed into the vaginal metronidazole effervescent tablets. For 7 ~ 10 days in a row, or at the same time. Metronidazole Tablets oral prevention: underwear and socks and insoles banned washing, the best underwear with a separate laundry container, underwear after washing the best in sun exposure; the couple had better treat at the same time, so as to avoid intercourse repeatedly infected each other, causing the disease lingering. No intercourse during treatment.

First, causes the feminine vagina ache the organic factor

Organic factors that cause vaginal pain in women can occur in all parts of the reproductive system. An abnormal vaginal pain caused by the hymen, often accompanied by a difficult insertion of the penis into the vagina. Labia, vaginal adhesions, inflammation, abscess, often local pain, sharp pain, burning pain, or impact when the pain. The vagina blast marks, Bartholin's gland infection, nympha adhesion, pain is superficial pain. When the clitoris or clitoris is sensitive to the foreskin, the pain is traction or contact pain.

Anorectal anorectal diseases such as infectious diseases, severe hemorrhoids, rectal vaginal fistula, the pain is often Chengmi. Vaginal disease or trauma vaginal infection, due to the lack of estrogen (such as the elderly amenorrhea after hypopituitarism), or radiotherapy induced vaginal atrophy, or due to parasites, oral contraceptives caused by vagina, cervix mucus pH change. The vaginal pain is more severe in the vaginal orifice and vagina, and it shows sharp pain or mild pain. Behcet's syndrome, because of vaginal ulcer caused by pain.

The uterus, uterus tilting, or accompanied by uterine fibroids, premenstrual period, due to pelvic congestion, can cause deep pain. The isthmus of the uterus is fibrous and can cause deep pain. Endometriosis, endometrial implantation, the uterus, the rectum depression and the sacral ligament, often cause premenstrual vaginal pain, with the action and deep vaginal pain.

The ovary because of hysterectomy, make the ovary by the uterus, rectum fossa too close, often cause deep vaginal pain. Menstrual cycle in the luteal bleeding, the menstrual line before the corpus luteum, so that the ovary dropped into the uterus and rectum fossa, can cause vaginal pain before menstruation.

Cystitis in the bladder is often accompanied by vaginal pain in the anterior wall of the vagina. It can also cause pain in the anterior wall of the vagina. Herpetic genital skin inflammation caused by sexually transmitted, can cause the vagina external or internal burning; condyloma acuminatum, cause vulva or vagina when burning pain; others such as herpes simplex herpes zoster, and pubic lice, scabies, dermatitis can cause superficial vaginal pain.

Vaginal pain caused by organic lesions, a wide range, should be based on the nature of vaginal pain to find the cause of the pain, the elimination of pain can be eliminated.

Two, causes feminine vagina ache the spiritual factor

The spirit of vaginal pain, also known as functional or psychogenic pain, mainly due to lack of knowledge or lack of experience. If the first vaginal pain occurs, it is mistakenly assumed that every time it will produce pain, resulting in fear, and later encounter mental stress, vaginal pain.

Although the physiological and psychological needs of both men and women, but before the female to have tactile, visual, olfactory and other aspects of sufficient sexual stimulation, in order to effectively stimulate sexual desire, induction of sexual impulse. Especially before hugging and kissing and caressing, touch the clitoris, can make the female vagina smooth, easy to smoothly inserted into the penis.

If men know this, before the female touch in advance preparation time is too short, women have not yet entered the stage of sexual excitement, no sexual impulse, vaginal exudate, vaginal dryness, the penis is inserted into the difficulty, also forced into the inevitable, vaginal pain.

Sexual activities require both men and women to be in a good mood and conjugal love. If couples break, all noisy scold, depressed, man and woman regardless of whether you are willing to participate in activities and forcibly, and the brutal action, the woman because of the lack of sex, no sexual impulse, will naturally produce vaginal pain.

In addition, when women participate in sexual activities, fear of pregnancy, or sexual activity environment insecurity, Bo disturb other people, there is tension, but also affect the production of sexual impulse, leading to vaginal exudate less and vaginal pain.

Self treatment of chronic pain in the genitals:

Once the pain occurs, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible and actively cooperate with the treatment.

As identified as psychogenic pain, while self treatment is important, we must first believe that the doctor's examination and diagnosis. Secondly, we should take the initiative to participate in the treatment of pain. At the same time, we should adopt a positive way of life and lead a normal life as soon as possible. Wang Hong is a typical psychogenic pain, because of this focus on the three principles of treatment, perineal pain will soon heal.

[the-4ofswords]

Can you go a little more into depth with the worldbuilding for you alpha/omega story? I just finished it (loved it) and I'm really curious to know where you came up with some of those details!

I’m a person who desperately loves fantasy, but then will get stupidly pedantically hung up on details? Like it doesn’t even make sense to care about those things, but I’m a compulsive weirdo and I’ll be like BUT HOW WOULD MAGNETO CONTROL METAL. Basically I couldn't help myself. I wanted to explore an actual scientific reason something like ABO could happen.

Read on for much blathering (this got, uh, kinda really long, because I spent way too much time thinking about it):

I decided to make the alpha/omega dynamic a genetic mutation of the sex chromosomes, like Klinefelter's or Turner's. But I had to come up with some evolutionary advantage for this, a reason that modern society valued the dysgenesis of those chromosomes enough that alphas/omegas wouldn't have just died out or been ostracized for their differences in pathology. If a genetic mutation isn't advantaged, I couldn’t really see a way for it to proliferate enough for a separate and prevalent culture to develop.

I did play with super-fecundity briefly, but I also really am not a fan of mpreg, so that was out. Joyfulseeker and I brainstormed, and I settled on prolonged lifespan, because, as I figured it, better strength and speed would disqualify Patrick and Jonny from an NHL predominantly made up of "nulls" (the null term came into play because Turner's, X0, the absence of a second sex chromosome, is called X-Null) in a sport that discourages doping.

So I guess what I've constructed here really is a hereditary mutation, either alpha or omega (47, XYΩ and 47, XYΑ), which results in phenotypic differences even as they're considered clinically normal (for example XYY and XXX individuals are considered genetically normal—most of the time these individuals never even find out that they have unusual karyotypes). Thus all of the tropes we see in A/B/O fic became actual phenotypic characteristics: heat in omegas, some version of a bartholin or skenes gland in omega males, and higher rates of androgens in alpha male and females, as well as the knot in alpha males in particular. I figured the heat and the rut could be attributed to different gonadotropins from euploid humans (diploids where n=23 and thus have a total of 46 chromosomes as opposed to aneuploid alphas and omegas).

As for claiming/mating bonds, I really didn’t want to go with biting, because I didn’t want to stray too far into wolf behavior (knotting and heat aside). So I went with a scent thing instead. But how then would scenting work exactly? I decided to that 47s would have functional vomeronasal organs and accessory olfactory systems. Vomeronasal organs are found in many animals, most notably in snakes and lizards, but also in mammals and some specific primates, but there is currently limited evidence that fully-developed functional VNOs exist in hominids. But I figured, with a functional VNO, there could be pheromone signalling of the claim and heat and everything like that.

Fandom tends to conceive A/B/O as different genders with a mishmash of other stuff on top in order to write whatever specific social process/group dynamics they want in place. For my own part, I just wanted to come up with a real world explanation of why this might happen. Since obviously Jonny and Patrick are both gendered male and genotypically male (other fic also essentially does this because they're written with mostly male primary and secondary sex characteristics and often explicitly referred to as "men") I wanted a way to acknowledge real world gender imbalances, rather than hand waving those aside. Like I always wondered about fic where omegas essentially took on the role of the feminine how female alphas and betas fit into that or queer/trans betas for that matter?

An aside XXY and XYY (two not uncommon abnormalities in sex chromosomes) are still considered genetically male irl. If you're a human with a Y chromosome, you are genetically male, full-stop. This says abolutely NOTHING about how you define your own gender and I think that distinction is important. Jonny could still be trans for example, if he wanted—transalpha. Kind of a lot to bite off for a little fic that was primarily a vehicle for porn. But hopefully it's clear that I'm not making any claims about gender.

Mostly I wanted to take on the structure of obedience and D/s that seems very nearly inherent in A/B/O fic and often so troubling to me. As much as I like A/B/O, when I think about it too hard, it's always struck me as kind of off-putting given our long history around feminine marginalization and oppression. Trying to extrapolate that as some kind of innate behavior on the part of alphas and omegas in these fictional worlds, rather than the product or misconceptions of societal norms, has always bothered me. It’s not female to “obey,” why should it be omega?

Additionally, in The Cure universe, Male/male relationships are about as okay as they are irl. I really couldn't see how it would possibly be any different since sex doesn't inform sexual identity. I don't want to make any argument saying that the extra chromosome would have that influence on sexuality one way or the other, because that is not observably true in XXY, XXX, or XYY individuals, but also just makes me uncomfortable as a queer person myself (hence probably how my other A/B/O fic is a story where they’re both alphas, lol). A/B/O fic tends to normalize same-sex relationships, which is not at all a bad thing, but I wanted to think realistically about the structural prejudices that do exist. 

And so now here I am, posting my own fic to reply to these issues a little. My vision for the fic essentially boils down to Jonny being an omega male, who is advantaged as a man, but disadvantaged within his own community of 47s, with intense societal pressures to behave and do things a certain way. He doesn’t entirely fit with those stereotypes, like a tom-omega, we might say. And layered over that, there's obviously a beta or null cultural fascination with 47s, because they have weird sex quirks. 

AND THAT IS MY VERY LONG CONVOLUTED EXPLANATION OF WHAT WAS GOING ON IN THAT FIC. I’M SORRY FOR MY BLATHERING IF YOU MADE IT ALL THE WAY TO THE END.

[kayskandi]

What is the vulva The external genital organs include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin glands, and clitoris. The area containing these organs is called the vulva. 🛀🏾 What is the functionality of the vulva As the outer portal of the human uterus or womb, the vulva protects its opening with a “double door”: the labia majora (large lips) and the labia minora (small lips). The vulva also contains the opening of the female urethra, and thus serves the vital function of passing urine. 🚿 How often do you tend to your vulva the way you tend to your hands or even your face? Caring for your intimate parts are important and we at Bedroom Kandi take it very serious! Meet REVITALIZE ME is an all-natural vulva and intimate skin balm made with quality ingredients. It is designed to soothe, protect, and calm sensitive and tender tissue, balancing your pH to restore your vulva’s natural ecosystem. Deliver moisture and get immediate relief for dryness, itching, redness, burning, and general discomfort in your intimate areas. Can be used daily, or as often as needed. Not for internal use. 😍 Order this and so many other self care products at Kayskandi.com. Reach out to me anytime with questions Kayskandi@gmail.com or 804-967-4551. . #KaysKandi #SelfCare #RevitalizeMe #VulvaCare #IntimateCare https://www.instagram.com/p/BsLJ1P8H1ue/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=71tfxnt409x2

[womens-health-info]

Vaginal Anatomy & Function

Self-Lubrication (Wetness) The vagina is a fibromuscular tube. In its resting state, the vagina is a "potential space" with its anterior and posterior walls lying against each other as if pressed together. The vaginal walls can be easily separated from each other because their surfaces are normally “just moist”, lubricated by a basal vaginal fluid (approximately 1ml). The basal vaginal fluid can consist of multiple secretions that collect in the vagina from peritoneal, follicular, tubal, uterine, cervical, vaginal, Bartholin’s and Skene’s gland sources. The vaginal wall consists of three layers – the mucosa, muscularis and adventitia. The vagina has three layers: the internal mucosal layer, the intermediate muscularis layer and the external adventitial layer. (This writing is a draft of a work-in-progress.) adapted from http://www.bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/physicianinformation/female-genital-anatomy/

[janschreiner]

#MissInformed About Menopause on Social Media

It has come to my attention that some women are reporting that some doctors are refusing to prescribe Hormone Therapy as part of their treatment plan for the symptoms of Menopause. Some are over-prescribing hormones. These two tidbits come from none other than the likes of twitter.

I am curious because I am wondering if women are being misinformed by social media marketers penetrating twitter, Facebook and Instagram these days.

These marketers are "influencers," hired to sell products by companies because they have followers and the magic number of followers is 10,000. That's what you need for a company to be interested in paying you to preach about their products or sell their service.

As part of a Health Care team and as a Registered in line with the standards set out by the British Columbia College of Nursing Professionals (BCCNP), after I have assessed a women, I will write a letter to all of my patient's doctors with my synopsis of symptoms, conservative treatment measures, their effectiveness and recommendations as to why a woman may benefit from Hormone Therapy or not.

This professional letter addresses three issues.

It provides the doctor with a full assessment of their female patient, saving time.

It educates women and their doctors with evidence informed research and;

It provides the recommended guidelines which are included in my letter for women experiencing this natural transition.

Women benefit from this. So do doctors. A doctor who refuses to treat with Hormone Therapy or over prescribes or doesn't titrate a woman's dose, may need only receive my letter once in order to change their tune for the tsunami of symptomatic women flooding their offices.

HT is prescribed to relieve:

Hot flashes

Vaginal dryness that can result in painful intercourse

Other problematic symptoms of menopause, such as night sweats and dry, itchy skin etc.

Mood and mental well-being

Risk of osteoporosis

But there are risks to hormone therapy. For example, diagnosis of breast cancer increases when combination Estrogen/Progestin (EPT) is used beyond 3-5 years. For every 10,000 women who use EPT for more than 5 years, there will be 8 additional breast cancers diagnosed.

Women who take EPT over the long term, or start Hormone Therapy in the mid 60's or after 10 years from menopause face an increased risk of heart disease.

Doctors or Speciality Nurses with medical training/understanding of Menopause collaborating and sharing #UpToDate information with their colleagues is critical to appropriate treatment of the peri-menopausal or menopausal woman.

Because of social media, we have many individuals who lack the knowledge/training about peri-menopausal or menopausal symptoms and who routinely provide #Misinformation with the sole purpose of making money off the backs of vulnerable women who don't feel well and are desperate for help. They may base their information on their personal story. We all know. Stories sell.

I recently read on social media that "red-light" devices promote hydration, improve sensation and increase confidence, claiming to treat dryness and leakage of urine. Who Says when there've been no clinical trials? False claims. Simply. Not true. These devices are approved as "wellness devices' that's all. They are nothing more than a dildo with a battery and a red light to make you feel like it's doing something.

Vaginal tissues are sensitive when healthy and when unhealthy such as when estrogen decreases at midlife, sticking a rather large plastic device is cockamamie.

Not to mention, there have been reports of burns and blistering after using red light devices which may lead to infections, fissures and chronic pelvic pain. Ouch! It is affordable though at $400-500 bucks!! #Sarcasm

The only confidence you will gain is in knowing that these "red-light" devices have never been through any clinical trials. Within the scientific community, there’s little consensus about the treatment’s benefits.

Take anything you see on social media about peri-menopause or menopause with a grain of salt. Unless, it is the feed of a physician or nurse in women's health with expertise.. Also know that no one should be dispensing medical advice on instagram, Facebook or twitter. Assessment is key.

This is why doctors may do the proverbially "eye roll" when a woman comes to see them for Hormone Therapy or not with whatever #hashtag was recently tweeted on twitter.

Women may have heard on social media( I did) that doctors don't treat menopause well or don't listen. Simply untrue. Some doctors are better at it than others, because some choose it as a speciality. Obs/gyns have the medical knowledge and are trained.

For example (and I read this on social media) an influencer who has marketing expertise but no medical background wrote something to the effect of this. "having sex will treat your vaginal dryness!" Really? Has she tried this? It will not treat vaginal dryness. Having sex will hurt when you have vaginal dryness. That is one of the symptoms of vaginal dryness.

Oh, but it might make you crazy. You're probably thinking, "this sex thing is killing me" or "what's wrong with me that this won't work?" So you think its all in your head #MissInformed. So you suffer because #SocialMediaSally said so and sold a few more products.

Not to mention, the vulva which is more often than not referred to as the vagina on social media by influencers. Understanding and knowing the differences of female genitalia is important in part because the vulva has it's own blood supply and also needs to be treated when dry or itchy....separately or together with the vagina, however you look at it. But you gotta look at it.

During an assessment, I look at a woman's external genital organs which includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin glands, and clitoris, collectively called the vulva.

It is within my scope of practice to do a limited internal exam to check for leakage, vaginal tissues, bleeding, drainage, loss of architecture, latent leakage, and/or prolapse using a speculum to look assess the vaginal health of a woman. I also look at function.

When women report their menopause symptoms to me, I dig deeper because I have the gift of time which many doctors do not. I will ask how many hot flashes/nightsweats a woman is experiencing per day as part of an overall detailed assessment.

I review specific symptoms such as sleep loss, fatigue, leakage, hair, eyes, sexual desire, body image, weight gain, vaginal dryness, joint aches and pains, past treatments, mental state and more. I provide validated questionnaires to women to ascertain the impact of her symptoms on quality of life

So after assessment, visual inspection of the vulva and limited internal exam of my patient's vagina, I write a letter to my patient's doctor, outlining a synopsis and symptoms and may make Hormone Therapy recommendation such as Low dose localized estrogen cream internally and on the vulva too.

This way a woman will be provided an adequate amount of estrogen cream. Often times, I write the dose and frequency too because many GP's don't prescribe this too often when I know that 70% of women report vaginal dryness and only 5% are treated.

Women feel heard and go to their doctors being better informed. And it is through shared evidence-informed literature for patients and doctors that we deliver excellence in health care.

It is then the doctor's responsibility to discuss risk vs. benefit for any women's peri-menopause or menopause treatment. We need to educate women yes. But that often comes when educating physicians. We work together, doctors and nurses in the best interest of women, all women!

Many doctors have told me that my letters outlining detailed symptoms, quality of life along with citing literature have educated them and they appreciate it. Many doctors receive little information about menopause, vaginal health or sexual health in medical schools. As for the women, when I clarify false beliefs being touted on twitter, they see me as their advocate.

There are many other health care professionals who are part of the medical management team of the peri or menopausal woman such as pelvic floor physiotherapists, pharmacists, researchers, therapists and more. The key is staying in your lane.

Social media influencers play a role in our medical lives indeed. But it needs to be without bias. When they are being paid for posts, that cannot be. When they lack medical or nursing training, they are not qualified to dispense medical advice on-line. After all, a clinic would not hire them because they are not qualified. This false medical industry on-line needs to be regulated.

Doctors and nurses do not take bribes. They may endorse a product based upon review of clinical trials, academic literature and trying it on patients with certain symptoms in their practice to see if it works. They will also provide you with all of the options. #ExperienceMatters.

Ladies, the next time you see an influencer on social media, spewing what seems to be medical advice, stop. Look to what products they are they selling. Listen to your heart. Hear what it's saying. What companies are these influencers in bed with?

The role of an influencer is to sell clothes on-line not cloak their products in #MissInformation and make a profit.

Maureen McGrath RN is a Nurse Continence Advisor and Sexual Health Educator in Women's Health. Maureen is in clinical practice in Vancouver, North Vancouver and Surrey, British Columbia. She hosts the Sunday Night Health Show a live listener call in radio show in Western Canada. It airs on CKNW 980 in Vancouver, CHED 630 in Edmonton, CHQR 770 in Calgary, CJOB 680 in Winnipeg.

It is also available on iTunes, Google play and Spotify. https://omny.fm/shows/cknw/playlists/sunday-night-sex-show

#MissInformed About Menopause on Social Media published first on https://spanishflyhealth.tumblr.com/

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About Video : Explore the intricate structure and essential functions of the uterus and Bartholin glands in this informative video. Understand the anatomy of the uterus, its role in reproduction, and the significance of Bartholin glands in maintaining vaginal health. Gain insights into how these vital organs work together to support female reproductive health. Perfect for anyone looking to deepen their knowledge of women's health, this video offers a clear and concise explanation.

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Lymph Drainage: The Secret To Staying Healthy

Your lymphatic system is probably one of the most important systems in your body for the simple reason that it is linked to your immunity. Your lymphatic system consists of an entire network of tissues and organs that help your body get rid of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. This very important system essentially moves lymph (a clear fluid that contains infection-fighting white blood cells) throughout your body.

Despite being a vital part of your health, your lymphatic system is also one of the last things most people worry about. Doctors routinely warn you of the dangers of heart disease and diabetes. They caution you about high cholesterol and blood pressure, and even the risks of cancer, but they rarely tell you how critical lymph drainage is for your overall health.

What is the Lymphatic System?

There is still much that remains unknown about the lymphatic system, but here are a few things we can say for sure.

Lymphatic Quick Facts (1, 2)

The lymphatic system was first discovered in 1652 by a Danish physician, Thomas Bartholin.

You have between 500 and 700 lymph nodes in your body that are responsible for filtering lymph fluid.

Your spleen is the largest organ in the lymphatic system.

Lymph is not circulated like blood—it has no pump such as your heart to push it through your body. It only flows in only one direction — upward toward your neck.

Lymphatic system diseases can go ignored or unnoticed for many years.

There are an array of mild, slowly progressing, serious and even deadly diseases that are known to attack your lymphatic system, causing issues and even complete failure of this vital system.

You need a healthy lymphatic system to help excrete toxins, so if it is not working properly, organs such as your liver and kidneys can quickly become contaminated as they are overloaded with toxins and chemicals. Other systems can also be affected.

It is a well-known fact in the natural health industry that the conventional medical community typically ignores lymph stagnation as a possible cause of disease. Ultimately, a poorly functioning lymphatic system can lead to any number of health issues such as digestive disorders, increased illnesses, hormonal imbalances, chronic fatigue, allergies, prostatitis, chronic sinusitis, heart disease, and eczema and other skin conditions.

It has also been linked to (3):

Poor circulation

Inflammation

Fibrocystic disease

Repetitive parasitic infections

MS

Edema

Lupus erythematosis

High blood pressure

Bacterial and viral infections

Puffy eyes

Low back pain

Cancer

Ear or balance problems

Arthritis

Headaches

Cellulite

Excessive sweating

Obesity

Top 14 signs of a congested lymphatic system

Here are some tell-tale signs that your lymphatic system is not working ideally (4, 5).

Swollen fingers—rings get tight on fingers

Occasional constipation, diarrhea, and/or mucus in your stool

Sore or stiff joints upon waking

Exhaustion and general fatigue

Bloating

Weight gain, extra belly fat and cellulite

Dry, itchy skin, rashes or acne

Swollen glands

Low immunity

Brain fog

Breast swelling or soreness with each cycle

Hypersensitivity

Mild headaches

Elevated histamine—increased allergies and irritation due to common environmental allergens

While these are some of the most commons signs of a congested lymphatic system, there are others such as cold feet and hands, digestive disorders and multiple sinus infections.

The bottom line, however, is if you have any of these symptoms for an extended period of time and your doctor cannot find a logical explanation or the symptoms worsen or multiply, you should speak to a naturopath or other holistic doctor who will investigate lymphatic issues.

In the interim, there are many easy ways to improve your lymphatic circulation, which is always a good idea even if you are not suffering from any immediate symptoms.

10 Lymph Drainage Tricks

1. Exercise

The number one best way to increase lymph flow is through exercise. The lymphatic system does not have a pump like your heart, so the only way it circulates is by actual movement. And one proven way to do this is by using a rebounder or small trampoline (6).

Even small movements, just simple bouncing for 10-20 minutes a day, can significantly increase lymph flow 15 to 30 times more than being sedetary.

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