#arkhi

[osrcomix]

ARKHI: Um Morto Muito Louco - Capítulo 3: Rumo a Feira Central

Buxa desaparece e o grupo precisa seguir. Eles encontram Pokas, que é contratado para ajudar, mas não dura muito. Após muitos encontros que ninguém além deles irá acreditar, o grupo encontra a Feira Central.

Jogadores: Felipe Duarte, Emegê, Tallys, Victor Barros, Ale Lopes e Felipe Novaes

Mestre: Gustavo Pascoa (Brainstorm RPG)

Nas tórridas dunas de areia negra do deserto de Lumn, aventureiros caçam tesouros na esperança de um futuro melhor. O perigo desta insalubre terra é agravado pelas ameaças quase alienígenas que aqui habitam. Para saber mais sobre ARKHI e Brainstorm RPG clique AQUI

[tionitro]

O BULETTE DOS PÂNTANOS - Um novo monstro para OLD DRAGON SEGUNDA EDIÇÃO e LEGIÃO: A ERA DA DESOLAÇÃO RPG! + DOWNLOAD DA FICHA DO MONSTRO EM PDF!

Direto da nossa campanha de Legião: A Era da Desolação e Old Dragon 2E trago hoje para vocês o BULETTE DOS PÂNTANO, uma criatura colossal e furtiva, temida por sua habilidade em emboscar presas. Essa variação mais monstruosa do Bulette tradicional, apelidada de “tubarão dos pântanos”, é uma força a ser temida em qualquer cenário de fantasia. Com habilidades como a Emboscada do Pântano e o Rugido…

[black-is-no-colour]

Galina Arkhi, photographed by Olivier Yoan for Tatler Hong Kong July 2023

[fashionlandscapeblog]

Galina Arkhi captured by Nazar Chernyy for J'amemme

[mariacallous]

Georgian riot police in Tbilisi have violently cracked down on a pro-EU demonstration sparked by Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze’s announcement that Georgia was halting its EU membership bid ‘until 2028’.

Thousands of demonstrators stayed overnight on Rustaveli Avenue, periodically clashing with the riot police who were using pepper spray, water cannons, tear gas, and physical violence against demonstrators, opposition figures, and journalists.

Mtavari Arkhi published video footage showing the law enforcement officer allegedly firing rubber bullets at demonstrators.

While several demonstrators were detained throughout the night, the Interior Ministry has yet to confirm the number of detainees.

The protest in Tbilisi and several other cities, including Batumi, Kutaisi, Gori, Zugdidi, and Telavi erupted shortly after Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze  stated that the country was halting its EU membership bid ‘until the end of 2028’.

In Tbilisi, protesters gathered around the ruling Georgian Dream party’s headquarters before proceeding to march to Rustaveli Avenue, where parliament is located.

Georgia’s outgoing President Salome Zourabichvili made an appearance at the protest in Tbilisi, where she addressed the riot police, calling on them to remember who they served.

‘It is not your duty to tear people apart. Do you serve Russia or Georgia? To whom did you swear an oath? I am interested in your answer. Will you not answer the president?’ Zourabichvili asked them. ‘For how many GEL are you serving another country?’

There was no response from the riot police. 

Tensions between the protesters and police continued to escalate throughout the night, as police heavily reinforced their numbers as the protest went on. 

The Ministry of Interior later published a statement saying that the demonstration had gone ‘beyond the norms established by the Law of Georgia on Assemblies and Demonstrations’.

Riot police then escalated by deploying large amounts of pepper spray and water cannons to disperse the protesters from the sides of parliament onto Rustaveli Avenue.

Throughout the protest, footage regularly emerged of police violently assaulting and detaining protesters.

Human rights organisations condemned the riot police’s use of force on Rustaveli Avenue, describing them as measures ‘carried out with the use of unlawful and disproportionate force’. 

Police have attempted to push the protesters off of Rustaveli Avenue, where they have set up makeshift barricades and lit fires along the street.

At around 06:00 the opposition Coalition for Change group stated that two of their leaders, Elene Khoshtaria and Nana Malashkhia, were injured during the protest.

Journalists detained, beaten, and water cannonned

During the protest, numerous reports emerged of journalists being targeted by riot police.

OC Media’s journalist and co-director, Mariam Nikuradze, was hit by one of the earlier deployment of the water cannons. She sought medical care at an ambulance nearby shortly after, reporting that there was likely pepper spray mixed in with the water.

Nikuradze’s camera additionally got damaged when she was hit by the water cannon. The police have also knocked Nikuradze’s phone out of her hand as she was filming them marching through the street. 

Riot police have also fired tear gas directly at OC Media’s editor-in-chief Robin Fabbro on Lesia Ukrainka Street, a side street off of Rustaveli Avenue. There were only a few other people on the street, and Fabbro was wearing a vest that clearly stated he was a member of the press. 

Publika’s journalist Aleksandre Keshelashvili was also reportedly temporarily detained by the police. In a Facebook post, Keshelashvili wrote that upon his detention, he tried to tell the police that he was a journalist, but said that it only made the police — who were masked — insult him and beat him more.

Keshelashvili says that the police confiscated his cameras, press ID, and gas mask. 

TV Formula published footage appearing to show a riot police officer tackling and hitting their journalist, Guram Rogava, on the head, and later being hospitalised as a result. 

According to them, the officer was ‘first beating a fallen civilian, then ran towards Guram Rogava and deliberately hit him in the head’.

TV Pirveli reported that one of their camera operators, Niko Kokaia, was injured while covering the protests on Rustaveli, accusing the police of spraying pepper spray in his face from close range. 

‘TV Pirveli assigns the responsibility to the Minister of Internal Affairs, Vakhtang Gomelauri, and we call on him to give us the opportunity to fulfill our professional duties’, the station wrote. ‘We explain that special forces are particularly aggressive towards TV operators. Their goal is to disable the TV signal’.

At around 07:00, RFE/RL’s journalist, Dato Tsagareli, was reportedly punched in the stomach by a masked riot police officer while he was covering the protest.

During the protest, riot police also appeared to be deliberately hitting on-duty journalists on Rustaveli Avenue with water cannons. 

President Zourabichvili has posted on X in solidarity with journalists, saying that she stood ‘with the Georgian media, who are disproportionately targeted and attacked while doing their job and reporting continuously.

[l-o-t-m]

Galina Arkhi captured by Nazar Chernyy for J'amemme

[keicordelle]

Daily Inconveniences of an Au Ra: Alcohol

The whiskey burned all the way down Keshet's throat, a familiar sort of tingle that spread warmth through his chest and made his head feel airy.

"Damn, you can handle your booze better than I expected, to keep up with me this long."

Keshet’s gaze slid over to Thancred, perched comfortably beside him. He gestured with his mug, just barely not splashing them both with its contents when he got a little bit overly animated. "What, do you think we don't have alcohol on the Steppe? And anyway, we invented buuz. And this? This is not buuz."

Thancred squinted at him as if there was some linguistic nuance he was missing, but Keshet decided that was thoroughly a Thancred Problem and contented himself with another swig from his mug. He remembered belatedly to twist his hand out of the way of his damned horn, gouging himself on the point of it and sloshing amber liquid onto the bar.

"Besides," he continued. He was feeling rather chatty, might as well indulge in conversation too. What better time to reveal all his secrets than over a mug of... whatever this was. "Besides. I'm much larger than you. It's only natural I can outdrink you. In fact, I'm impressed you can keep up with me, you little-" Thancred's brow furrowed at the indecipherable word that followed. Something in Old Auri, most likely, and he wasn't entirely sure that it had sounded complementary.

Okay, so maybe Keshet hadn't actually been that big a drinker back home. They had alcohol, that was for certain, but it wasn't really all that like the stuff he'd seen in Eorzea. Eorzean ale was little more than piss water, as far as he was concerned, and though people assured him there were hints of honey in mead, he couldn't taste it amidst the acrid taste of the drink. And it was too weak to be good for much of anything. Proper arkhi would put some shine in your scales; ale and mead were hardly worth subjecting himself to the taste.

But he had to admit that alcohol was simply less common on the Steppe than it was here. Well, he didn't have to admit that to Thancred, but he could admit it to himself. Alcohol was just everywhere in the West. You celebrated victories with it, you signed deals over it, you drank it casually over dinner. Really, maybe it was a good thing ale was so weak. Xaela were known to do some rather peculiar things when soused on arkhi or kumis. On the Steppe, their drink was strong, but you also weren't especially likely to down four glasses in a single sitting. Kumis wasn't exactly rare, but it was a pain to make, especially among the more nomadic tribes.

Of course, once Thancred had introduced Keshet to Eorzea's stronger spirits, all bets were off. Sure, whiskey still lacked the body of the fermented milk he was used to, but it packed a certain punch. Enough to be satisfying, at least. And maybe enough to make his head ache something fierce the next day.

Thancred arched a brow, swirling the amber liquid in his glass, and when he spoke Keshet had to struggle to remember what it was they'd been talking about before he got lost in thought. "Alright, big boy. Let's see if you can keep up with this, then. Barkeep! Bring us two glasses of Mun-Tuy brew!"

As it turned out, size was not everything when it came to holding your alcohol -- a lesson that was deeply engraved into Keshet's mind after he spent the next day fighting Garleans with Azim's foul light trying to crack open his skull. Never again.

-

Read the rest of the series on Ao3!

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[eruverse]

What does Mongolia like to do when he meets up with others?

With Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey. Not an exhaustive list since there are soo many things people can do together!!

Russia:

When Mongolia and Russia get together, it’s guaranteed that they would end up drinking. Mongolia usually would serve his guests milk vodka or shimiin arkhi, but with alcohol content of 20% at most (and that’s when the ayrag it’s made from is especially sour, as milk vodka is usually about 10% instead) it’s definitely too mild for Russia and in all honesty him as well since they would be drinking in order to get drunk, so Mongolia would serve Russia regular vodka (40%) or something else stronger. Even with stronger liquors, these two also don’t get drunk so easily since they have crazily high tolerance. If they’re doing drinking challenges, perhaps it would be a tie!!

Russia is generally relaxed around Mongolia, but a tipsy or drunk Russia would waste no time to immediately climb onto Mongolia’s lap and butt his head on his strong torso like a cat seeking affection. This is a pretty common occurrence with them, yes. Ivan loves that even though Mongolia’s much shorter than him, his chest is still large enough to give him a proper embrace as he loves feeling small and huggable (he sometimes hates being 2 meter tall for this reason lol). Mongolia would then ruffle Ivan’s soft downy hair a lot and lull him to sleep like a smol bebe. Yes, Ivan loves it lol.

Chess, with Russia generally packing more wins. Mongolia isn’t actually bad, but Russia is much better and professional level.

Russia loves horses, so Mongolia would take him to see his many horses!! Mongolia doesn’t actually own all of them of course, as at best he only has a few horses himself — but he thinks of everything in the steppe as his by default. Russia would ride some of the horses, but in all honesty his 202 cm self looks rather awkward on short Mongolian horses even though they’re really strong, ahah. He would also unthinkingly recite poems with horses and nature with them, like the ones from Yesenin, and Mongolia would comment that those poems aren’t even actually about horses in the end. Then Mongolia would tell him bits from his own folktales surrounding horses.

Ivan also loves seeing all kinds of rural animals as it reminds him of his childhood in barely developed Russian cities during Golden Horde era, so Mongolia takes him to see the nomads in the countryside when the time of his visits coincides with birthing lambs and goats, castrating lambs or horses, or branding horses.

Mongolia might still be able to speak Russian since he’s practically a boomer (usually it’s the older generations in Mongolia who are able to speak Russian), but he’s no longer super fluent in it that he’s still able to read difficult classics. Still good for a conversation, of course.

They would watch ballet and opera sometimes, but the highlight of Mongolia’s day in regards to this is when Ivan would do ballet moves in public out of nowhere, like how an oblivious child does as he is enjoying himself. It makes a great spectacle in the square whenever it happens.

They would also rave about rifles and firearms from Russian Empire/Soviet era and even modern day ones. Mongolia used to have prized possessions of firearms and rifles like Nagant, Mosin-Nagant and Tokarev, and today he also owns rifles for hunting.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan usually comes to visit Mongolian Kazakhs in Western Mongolia, and Mongolia would accompany him. Why yes, Kazakhstan is also his translator at times lol since Mongolia isn’t fluent in Kazakh. Not that all Mongolian Kazakhs can’t speak Mongolian (Kazakhs who live around Mongols typically speak it just fine) but Kazakhs who extensively live around Kazakhs like in Bayan-Ulgii which is 91% Kazakh might be having language problems.

Bayan-Ulgii also has a personification, and Kazakhstan would regularly visit him (he looks like a seventeen year old boy). Bayan-Ulgii is quite a curious kid; he feels an affinity to both Kazakhstan and Mongolia but at times would also feel he doesn’t quite belong in either Kazakhstan and Mongolia, so he gets edgy a lot. When he visits Kazakhstan he would miss Mongolia terribly, but when he’s only with Mongolia he would start raving about Kazakhstan. He would resolve his edginess by going out and meet more people, but he’s also unfortunately an introvert lol.

Kazakhstan loves watching eagle hunting by Mongolian Kazakhs. This is an art that’s mostly lost in Kazakhstan, but still kept alive by Mongolian Kazakhs. Kazakhs of Mongolia hold Golden Eagle festival every October in Bayan-Ulgii, and Mongolia and Bayan-Ulgii would invite Kazakhstan to come watch. But of course, the festival is mainly for tourism purposes so it might not convey the whole thing about eagle hunting, therefore Kazakhstan would stay with Kazakh nomads when he has the time and hunt together with them for nostalgia.

Wrestling!! Both Mongolia and Kazakhstan have deep wrestling culture (in Mongolian, called bökh; in Kazakhstan, kuresi). When they wrestle with each other though Mongolia usually wins because he has a wrestler physique which Kazakhstan doesn’t possess.

They love discussing about motorcycles and occasionally cars. Kazakhstan especially loves them since he lives in Almaty and has come to see motorcycles as replacement for horses (but of course, he still is an excellent horserider. It’s just that he has less opportunities to do that in Kazakhstan compared to in Mongolia). Anyway, the motorcycles Kazakhstan owns/has owned are the ultra expensive kinds that have Mongolia bulge out his eyes when he realizes how much those would cost. Those are motorcycles Mongolia doesn’t even dream to have since 1) he doesn’t have as much money 2) he lives more frugally than Kazakhstan who’s indeed more materialistic.

Archery hunting and wolf seeing. This they often make into some kind of a competition, like whoever hunts foxes, marmot, or other small animals the most with the bow would win. Sometimes they would come close with wolves (good omen!!), or even accompany nomads during wolf hunting.

Why yes, they also sometimes gossip about their two giant neighbors over drinks.

If Kazakhstan and Mongolia make drinking into competition, Mongolia would win 7 times out of 10. But then he has to deal with the disaster drunk that is Kazakhstan, lol. He’s dealt with this hidden (almost realest) side of Kazakhstan for at least a few times.

Kazakhstan loves to eat horses so whenever he visits Mongolia makes sure that he has more horse on the menu than other stuff. Very considerate of him.

Cooking and eating together in the wild, because why not? Of course, often it’s with Bayan-Ulgii. Like a picture of a good family lol.

Camping!!! Also stargazing. The stars are such important aspects in Kazakh and Mongol myth as they believe souls are transformed into stars, and thus shooting stars are bad omen. When they catch them, Kazakhs would wish for their stars to be higher and Mongols would wish that it’s not their stars but somebody else’s.

Turkey (thanks @justknocking for inspiring me on this!!)

Turkey is a BIG nerd about Turkish/Turkic history or even other people’s history especially when they relate to Turkish history, and since a bulk of historical Turkic monuments and other findings are with Mongolia he likes to visit the man just for that alone. They like to visit the Orkhon valley and look around the monuments together, as the area was once a deeply sacred place for them both as a Turk and a Mongol. While they’re at it they would visit the ruins of Karakorum and maybe go to Erdene Zuu monastery. There are also many other Turkic monuments and tombs all over so they would take cross country trips just to see them!! As Turkey is also interested in ancient Mongol archeological findings like the Slab Grave culture and deer stones, they would also make this into their itinerary.

Turkey LOVES Mongolia’s dog and playing with him, and in turn Mongolia likes watching him be affectionate with his dog. Turkey also loves ALL the street cats in Mongolia and scoffs at the fact that Mongolia’s cat culture is basically nonexistent (after all, no one treats cats and dogs better than he does!)

Turkey doesn’t much enjoy visiting or staying with the nomads since he’s a man spoiled by urban luxuries, and Mongolia shakes his head at that because Turkey has a proud nomadic lineage so he’s not supposed to just forsake nomadic living like that. Turkey would tell him it’s not that he dislikes the nomadic ways, but rather its the peasant way of living he’s not fond of. He likes the lifestyle of nomadic royals just fine. Mongolia would then roll his eyes at Turkey’s cheekiness.

Mongolia’s mostly stopped smoking these days, but he still enjoys seeing people smoke (and be a passive smoker, yes) and would occasionally smoke together with them, making it some kind of a social smoking. Turkey isn’t actually a heavy smoker himself but he would smoke leisurely at times using a special carved pipe, and whenever they meet up they would have long talks over cigs or even share Turkey’s pipe together. They would also kiss smoke into each other’s mouth, which both find tremendously sexy.

Turkey is fond of jewelries and wears some on his body; so these came from his own treasury from when he was an empire, and are worth crazy number of dollars today. He should’ve sold them off but he is rather territorial about them, as they remind him of his glory days and wearing them makes him feel like he’s still the same great thing back then? That’s what Mongolia thinks anyway, who knows the real truth. Anyway, he still has plenty from his treasury, and seeing Mongolia so spartan and frugal he once gifted him bejeweled golden earrings sort of similar to the ones he wore long ago during medieval era. Mongolia almost never wears them, but he still keeps them safely and will probably never sell them. As he doesn’t like feeling indebted, he gifted Turkey afterwards an engraved leather bracelet dotted with precious metal he made with his own hands from start to finish. It clashed with Turkey’s other jewelries, but he was very much pleased with it and wears it a lot.

They spar a lot, and they love it. It takes them back to the time they were just young nomads frolicking about the steppe, even though they never actually met as young children; and even though Turkey didn’t remember any time of his life in the Eastern steppe where his ancestors came from. They are not even related, not even neighbors; and yet, they feel a lot familiar like kins.

[out-of-heaven-and-hell]

@crimsinned ; does she drink kumis?

"I do, but honestly, I prefer Arkhi over all."

[osrcomix]

ARKHI: Um Morto Muito Louco - Capítulo 1: Noite Castanha

O guerreiro Clebão lidera um grupo para resgatar a alma de Osmir, um lendário clérigo da lua maldita Meggia, que foi corrompido devido a eventos astrais. Seu cadáver embalsamado e envolvido em ataduras se remexe inquieto, num sussurro abafado de loucura e feitiçaria.

Jogadores: Felipe Duarte, Emegê, Tallys, Victor Barros, Ale Lopes e Túlio Cerquize Mestre: Gustavo Pascoa (Brainstorm RPG)

Nas tórridas dunas de areia negra do deserto de Lumn, aventureiros caçam tesouros na esperança de um futuro melhor. O perigo desta insalubre terra é agravado pelas ameaças quase alienígenas que aqui habitam. Para saber mais sobre ARKHI e Brainstorm RPG clique AQUI.

[tionitro]

OÁSIS DAS ÁRVORES MALDITAS - Um local de aventura para ARKHI RPG | Old Dragon Segunda Edição

Embarque numa jornada traiçoeira até o Oásis das Árvores Malditas, uma terra de mistérios sombrios e perigos insondáveis, localizada nos confins do deserto de Lumn. Aqui, as energias obscuras convergem, criando um caldeirão de enigmas antigos e terror silencioso. O OÁSIS DAS ÁRVORES MALDITAS Um local de aventura para ARKHI RPG Newton Nitro – https://linktr.ee/newtonnitro NOVO MARCO COMUM: OÁSIS…

[usangahai]

Arkhi Tamkhi Tseg Uvs Tsas Drop

[djrenigade]

Fun times in the studio! #RenigadeCineTrax #NativeInstruments @nativeinstruments #Fables #Arkhis #ChoirxOmnia #Lores all in #Maschine using s88mk1!

[sharkrack]

Architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) ‘architect’; from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief’, and τέκτων (téktōn) 'creator’. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on architectural theories is the 1st century AD treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius, according to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. Giorgio Vasari wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects and put forward the idea of style in the Western arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that “form follows function”. “Function” began to replace the classical “utility” and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural dimensions. The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century.

Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. In fact, During the European Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed.

Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating.

[sigalaxy]

Architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) ‘architect’; from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief’, and τέκτων (téktōn) 'creator’. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on architectural theories is the 1st century AD treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius, according to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. Giorgio Vasari wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects and put forward the idea of style in the Western arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that “form follows function”. “Function” began to replace the classical “utility” and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural dimensions. The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century.

Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. In fact, During the European Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed.

Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating.

[obakins]

Architecture

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) ‘architect’; from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief’, and τέκτων (téktōn) 'creator’. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on architectural theories is the 1st century AD treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius, according to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. Giorgio Vasari wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects and put forward the idea of style in the Western arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that “form follows function”. “Function” began to replace the classical “utility” and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural dimensions. The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century.

Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. In fact, During the European Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed.

Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating.