#applications of signal processing

[constelli1122]

Constelli - A Signal Processing Company in Defense and Aerospace

Constelli is a signal processing company solving problems in Defense and Aerospace fields.

[mastergarryblogs]

The Next Tech Gold Rush: Why Investors Are Flocking to the Brain-Computer Interface Market

Introduction

The Global Brain-Computer Interface Market is undergoing transformative growth, driven by technological advancements in neuroscience, artificial intelligence (AI), and wearable neurotechnology. In 2024, the market was valued at USD 54.29 billion and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 10.98% in the forecast period. The increasing adoption of BCI in healthcare, neurorehabilitation, assistive communication, and cognitive enhancement is propelling demand. Innovations such as AI-driven neural signal processing, non-invasive EEG-based interfaces, and biocompatible neural implants are enhancing the precision, usability, and real-time capabilities of BCI solutions. Growing investments in neurotechnology research, coupled with regulatory support, are accelerating industry advancements, paving the way for broader clinical and consumer applications.

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Brain-Computer Interface Market Overview

Brain-Computer Interface Market Driving Factors:

Surging Demand in Healthcare Applications – BCIs are transforming neurorehabilitation, prosthetic control, and assistive communication, benefiting individuals with neurological disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy.

Advancements in AI & Machine Learning – AI-driven brainwave decoding and neural signal processing are improving the accuracy of BCI systems, leading to enhanced cognitive training and neurofeedback applications.

Expansion into Consumer Electronics – Wearable BCI technology is gaining momentum in brainwave-controlled devices, VR gaming, and hands-free computing.

Government & Private Sector Investments – Increased funding in non-invasive neural interfaces is supporting BCI research and commercialization.

Military & Defense Applications – BCIs are being explored for drone control, pilot augmentation, and direct brain-to-computer communication for enhanced operational efficiency.

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Brain-Computer Interface Market Challenges:

High Development Costs – The cost of R&D and complex neural signal interpretation hinders scalability.

Regulatory & Ethical Concerns – The use of neural data raises privacy and cybersecurity issues, necessitating stringent data protection measures.

Hardware Limitations – The variability in electrical noise, signal fidelity, and device usability poses significant engineering challenges.

Key Brain-Computer Interface Market Trends:

1. Non-Invasive BCIs Gaining Traction

Non-invasive BCIs are dominating the market due to their ease of use, affordability, and growing consumer adoption. Wireless EEG headsets, dry-electrode systems, and AI-powered brainwave analytics are revolutionizing applications in mental wellness, cognitive training, and VR gaming.

2. Brain-Computer Cloud Connectivity

BCIs integrated with cloud computing enable real-time brain-to-brain communication and remote neural data sharing, unlocking potential in telemedicine and collaborative research.

3. Rise of Neuroprosthetics & Exoskeletons

Innovations in brain-controlled prosthetics and robotic exoskeletons are restoring mobility to individuals with severe motor impairments, fostering independence and quality of life.

4. Neuromodulation & Brain Stimulation Advancements

The development of brain-stimulation-based BCIs is expanding therapeutic applications, aiding in the treatment of depression, epilepsy, and PTSD.

Brain-Computer Interface Market Segmentation:

By Type:

Non-Invasive BCIs – Holds the largest market share due to its widespread use in rehabilitation, gaming, and consumer applications.

Invasive BCIs – Preferred for high-precision neural interfacing, primarily in neuroprosthetics and brain-controlled robotics.

By Component:

Hardware – Accounts for 43% of the market, including EEG headsets, neural implants, and biosignal acquisition devices.

Software – Growing rapidly due to AI-driven brainwave decoding algorithms and cloud-based neurocomputing solutions.

By Technology:

Electroencephalography (EEG) – Largest segment (55% brain-computer interface market share), widely used for non-invasive brainwave monitoring and neurofeedback.

Electrocorticography (ECoG) – Preferred for high-fidelity neural signal acquisition in brain-controlled prosthetics.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) – Emerging as a viable alternative for real-time hemodynamic brain monitoring.

By Connectivity:

Wireless BCIs – Dominating the market with increasing adoption in wearable smart devices and mobile applications.

Wired BCIs – Preferred in clinical and research settings for high-accuracy data acquisition.

By Application:

Medical – Leading segment, driven by applications in neuroprosthetics, neurorehabilitation, and neurological disorder treatment.

Entertainment & Gaming – Expanding due to brainwave-controlled VR, immersive gaming, and hands-free computing.

Military & Defense – BCIs are being explored for combat simulations, brain-controlled robotics, and AI-assisted warfare.

By End User:

Hospitals & Healthcare Centers – Holds 45% market share, expected to grow at 18% CAGR.

Research Institutions & Academics – Significant growth driven by increasing investments in brain signal processing and neuroengineering.

Individuals with Disabilities – Rising demand for assistive BCI solutions, including brain-controlled wheelchairs and prosthetics.

By Region:

North America – Leading with 40% market share, driven by strong investments in neurotech research and medical applications.

Europe – Projected to grow at 18% CAGR, supported by technological advancements in neural interface research.

Asia Pacific – Expected to expand at 21.5% CAGR, fueled by increasing adoption of consumer BCIs and AI-driven neuroanalytics.

South America & Middle East/Africa – Emerging markets witnessing gradual adoption in healthcare and research sectors.

Competitive Landscape & Recent Developments

Key Brain-Computer Interface Market Players:

Medtronic

Natus Medical Incorporated

Compumedics Neuroscan

Brain Products GmbH

NeuroSky

EMOTIV

Blackrock Neurotech

Notable Industry Advancements:

March 2024: Medtronic unveiled an advanced invasive BCI system for Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy treatment.

January 2024: NeuroSky introduced an EEG-based wearable for neurofeedback training and mental wellness.

April 2023: Blackrock Neurotech launched an ECoG-based brain-controlled robotic prosthetic arm, enhancing mobility for individuals with disabilities.

February 2023: Brainco developed an AI-powered BCI system for cognitive performance enhancement in education.

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Conclusion & Future Outlook

The Global Brain-Computer Interface Market is poised for exponential growth, driven by rapid advancements in neural engineering, AI integration, and consumer-grade BCI applications. With increasing investment from healthcare institutions, tech firms, and government agencies, the BCI ecosystem is set to expand beyond traditional medical applications into consumer electronics, defense, and education.

Future developments will likely focus on:

Enhancing non-invasive BCI accuracy for mass-market adoption.

Strengthening cybersecurity protocols for neural data protection.

Advancing AI-driven neurocomputing for real-time brainwave analysis.

As regulatory frameworks mature and accessibility improves, BCIs will continue to reshape human-machine interaction, revolutionizing healthcare, communication, and cognitive augmentation.

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[research-and-survive]

19 March 2024

(2/100 days of productivity)

Today is Father’s Day in Portugal, so I’m having dinner with my dad and my siblings. I also bought him a book!

At work I felt a bit overwhelmed… I’ve been like this lately… But I managed to work on my code and do start some of my data analysis!

I need to write my PhD proposal, but I mostly look at my google docs page and cannot add anything 🙃

[indobazzarr]

Numerical Relays - Adlite Electricals

Enhance Power System Efficiency with CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay

For reliable electrical system performance, a high-quality auxiliary relay is essential. The CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay, available at Adlite Electricals, is designed for superior performance in industrial, commercial, and power utility applications. With its voltage range of 75-250VDC, it ensures stable and efficient operation in electrical protection and automation systems.

What is the CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay?

The CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay is an advanced auxiliary relay used in control and protection circuits. It processes electrical signals efficiently and enables precise switching for power management.

Key Features of CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay

This relay offers exceptional advantages, making it an ideal choice for power system applications:

Wide Voltage Compatibility: Operates efficiently between 75-250VDC, making it suitable for diverse electrical systems.

High-Speed Response: Ensures rapid activation to prevent faults and enhance system safety.

Rugged and Durable Design: Built for long-term use in demanding industrial environments.

Compact and Easy Installation: Allows seamless integration into various electrical setups.

Reliable Contact Multiplication: Enhances control circuit performance and dependability.

Applications of CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay

The CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay is widely used in multiple industries due to its high reliability and efficiency, including:

Power Plants: Assists in relay protection and circuit breaker operations.

Industrial Automation: Enables precise switching in manufacturing processes.

Substations: Supports stable grid management and fault isolation.

Renewable Energy Systems: Facilitates integration in solar and wind energy projects for efficient power control.

Why Choose CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay from Adlite Electricals?

When it comes to sourcing top-quality electrical protection devices, Adlite Electricals is your trusted provider. Here’s why:

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Conclusion

The CGI 14N 75-250VDC Relay is a must-have for industries that require a dependable, high-speed, and durable relay solution. Its wide voltage range and compact design make it ideal for numerous electrical applications.

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#Megawin MB 140c (Breaker Manager Relay)

[takeoffproject]

DSP Project Ideas for Students and Engineers

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is an essential field in electronics and communication engineering, widely used in audio, image, and biomedical signal processing. Whether you're a student working on an academic project or an engineer looking for innovative solutions, DSP offers a vast range of applications. Here are some exciting DSP project ideas to explore:

1. Audio Signal Processing Projects

Noise Cancellation System – Develop a system to remove background noise using adaptive filters.

Voice Recognition System – Implement a speech recognition algorithm for security or automation.

Audio Equalizer – Design an equalizer to enhance sound quality in music systems.

2. Image and Video Processing Projects

Face Recognition System – Create a facial recognition model using DSP techniques.

Edge Detection in Images – Use DSP algorithms like Sobel or Canny edge detection.

Motion Detection in Video – Implement a real-time motion tracking system.

3. Biomedical Signal Processing Projects

ECG Signal Analysis – Develop a system to analyze ECG signals for detecting heart diseases.

EEG-Based Brainwave Processing – Process EEG signals to study brain activity.

Hearing Aid Enhancement – Improve hearing aids using DSP noise reduction techniques.

4. Communication and Wireless Signal Processing

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) – Implement DSP techniques for real-time radio signal processing.

Radar Signal Processing – Develop a radar-based object detection system.

5G Signal Processing – Explore DSP applications in modern wireless networks.

5. Control and Automation Projects

DSP-Based Motor Control – Design an efficient motor speed control system.

Seismic Signal Processing – Analyze earthquake signals for early detection.

DSP-Based IoT Applications – Implement DSP for real-time IoT data processing.

These projects offer hands-on experience with real-world applications of DSP. Whether you're interested in audio, image, biomedical, or wireless communication, DSP provides endless opportunities to innovate.

[miquiti]

Emotional Disconnection in Lloyd Garmadon: A Psychological and Narrative Analysis

In the most recent season of Ninjago, many viewers noticed a significant shift in the characterization of Lloyd Garmadon. Compared to previous seasons, Lloyd appears withdrawn, distant, and shows clear signs of emotional flattening. His involvement in key events is minimal, his verbal contributions are scarce, and his body language reflects a noticeable sense of detachment. A friend and I even ranked Lloyd as the third ninja with the least screen time this season—only behind Cole and Jay. However, even they maintained their typical personalities in their brief appearances. What concerned us most was the absence of his visions, a trait confirmed as permanent in the previous two seasons.

At first, this change was frustrating. However, after discussing the matter with a friend who is about to graduate in Psychology, she offered an interpretation that completely shifted our perspective: Lloyd may be experiencing emotional disconnection as a result of accumulated traumatic events. Based on this hypothesis, we developed two plausible theories, both supported by psychological literature.

Emotional Disconnection: Clinical Definition and Foundations

Emotional disconnection is a psychological phenomenon associated with conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociative disorders, major depression, or even temporary adaptive responses to chronic stress. Broadly speaking, it refers to a reduced or lost ability to experience or express emotions, whether as an unconscious defense mechanism or as a symptom of a greater disorder.

In high-stress emotional contexts—such as repeated traumatic experiences (war, loss, betrayal, guilt, excessive responsibility)—the nervous system can enter a prolonged state of hypoactivation, meaning a general decrease in emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses. This phenomenon is also known as emotional numbing.

Common Symptoms of Emotional Disconnection

Social and behavioral withdrawal: The individual avoids active interaction with their environment. In Lloyd's case, this is seen in his passive stance, scarce dialogue, and minimal group engagement.

Affective flattening: There is a visible reduction in emotional expression: few smiles, rare signs of distress or anger, even in situations that would typically provoke them. This matches Lloyd's attitude, as he rarely reacts emotionally during critical events.

Feelings of unreality or detachment from the environment (derealization): The world may feel distant or artificial. Narratively, this could be reflected in scenes where Lloyd silently watches events unfold, seemingly disconnected from his surroundings.

Disconnection from one’s own emotions (depersonalization): The individual may feel like they're acting automatically, without personal involvement. This could explain why Lloyd behaves mechanically in combat or lacks clear motivation.

Reduced motivation or initiative: Often, there is a loss of interest in previous activities or a lack of energy to act. In a setting like Ninjago, where characters are usually proactive, Lloyd’s passivity becomes even more striking.

Blocking or suppression of intense memories or mental processes: In individuals with traumatic experiences, the mind may suppress access to emotionally threatening content. In Lloyd’s case, this could explain the temporary absence of his visions.

Clinically, these symptoms align with conditions like PTSD, dissociative disorders, or even adaptive forms of depression. Lloyd’s training with Rontu gave him tools to manage his visions, so he may have learned to suppress them as a coping mechanism. However, such suppression can trigger an emotional rebound—an abrupt and intense resurgence of emotions or abilities—which could signal a major narrative turning point in the second half of the season or in future installments.

Application to His Visions and the Two Proposed Theories

Theory of emotional repression of visions: If Lloyd is in a dissociative state, it’s plausible that his visions—often emotionally intense (e.g., foreseeing death, betrayal, or failure)—have been unconsciously blocked. His training with Rontu gave him some control over these visions, and he may have “shut off” that channel as a form of self-protection. This aligns with clinical patterns observed in individuals who choose not to access unusual mental functions (in narrative terms) to preserve their mental stability.

_ _ _ _ _

Theory of resignation due to inevitability of visions: Another theory suggests Lloyd still has visions but no longer fights them. In battles such as those against Zeatrix or Thunderfang, he doesn’t use his usual combat style: instead of confronting, he dodges, retreats, and attacks from a distance. This behavior may reflect a resignation to a fate he has already foreseen.

From a psychological perspective, this relates to the concept of learned helplessness (Seligman, 1975), where a person, after repeated failures to avoid a negative outcome, stops trying and adopts a passive stance. For Lloyd, this might be a form of emotional self-preservation: if resisting the vision changes nothing, perhaps it’s better not to resist. This narrative arc is powerful because it ties directly into his past development: Lloyd, who always rebelled against his lineage and tried to shape his own destiny, now seems to be surrendering to the weight of inevitability. This may be a direct consequence of the battle with Zeatrix, where he believed he had overcome his vision, only to see it come true anyway.

Professional Conclusion

Both interpretations are supported by legitimate psychological concepts. In one case, we see the effects of trauma as emotional dissociation; in the other, cognitive adaptation to a perceived inevitability. Both are plausible in characters exposed to constant stress, loss, the burden of responsibility, and supernatural abilities that carry a mental toll.

If this portrayal was intentional—which is likely—we are witnessing a characterization that realistically reflects real psychological processes, adding depth to Lloyd’s arc and opening new possibilities for future development.

[wedgiesfromhell]

Wedgies—especially the extreme, full-body kind—can trigger some very real involuntary reactions, and curled toes are one of the most telltale signs that a dork has officially entered the “no dignity left” phase of the experience. Here’s why it happens:

⸻

🧠 Wedgie Reflex Science: Why Toes Curl

When underwear gets yanked aggressively upward (think atomic or hanging style), a few things happen simultaneously:

1. Pressure to the Perineum (Gooch Zone):

The fabric presses deeply into sensitive nerves located between the tailbone and groin. This activates the pudendal nerve, which controls a lot of the reflex actions in the lower half of the body.

2. Spinal Reflex Arc Fires Up:

Intense stimuli—like underwear grinding into your butt crack or crushing your bits—can send electrical signals through your spine faster than your brain can process them. Your body panics, and muscles react in weird ways.

3. Toe Curl Response:

The pain and pressure make the calf and foot muscles tense up. The dork’s toes will start to curl upward as a result—like they’re trying to lift off the ground or claw at the air for mercy.

It’s a mix of pain, embarrassment, and your body’s desperate attempt to redistribute the discomfort somewhere—anywhere—else.

⸻

🔬 Real-World Wedgie Application:

So when a bully yanks hard enough to get the waistband over a dork’s head, or when they plant both feet and bounce the wedgie like a bungee cord, and that victim’s toes curl like packed shrimp, it’s a visible sign that:

• Pain is maxed out.

• Control is gone.

• The wedgie has reached the soul.

[ilovedthestars]

btw, I met a SecUnit

The soon-to-be-released new TMBD story "Rapport: Friendship, Solidarity, Communion, Empathy" covers ART revealing to its crew that it met a rogue SecUnit! This formerly-missing scene has been the subject of a lot of fan speculation, including many fanfics. Now's your chance to enjoy them before they're de-canonized! (And keep enjoying them afterwards, because even Martha Wells' version is just one more cake for us to enjoy!)

Below is a collection of every fic I could find that features the "btw, I met a SecUnit" conversation between ART and its crew. Works tagged with a / relationship tag are placed below the cut.

I very well may have missed some—if you know any more, please add them! And be sure to show the authors some love in the comments :)

Not Angry, Just Disappointed by mensah

Seth said sternly, “Perihelion, you need to tell us the truth. We can’t leave the home system until we find out what happened. If you’re hiding something—” Peri cut him off. I am not hiding anything. Peri might be able to lie astonishingly well to a corporate representative, even impersonate a human over the feed, but it couldn’t lie to Iris. “Yes, you are,” she said. -- Or, the story of how exactly ART told its crew about Murderbot.

Private Diary of Iris after Artificial Condition by ImitationGame

Perihelion returns from its solo mission. Dr. Delawyn, an expert in machine cognition, notices that there has been unusual activities in its emotion processing system. Perihelion admits having allowed a rogue SecUnit onboard.

Not applicable by Wrenz

Iris is finally back on board Perihelion after its latest cargo-run (with side-order of espionage) and they have a chance to catch up. She wasn't expecting her sibling to have become attached to someone new while it was away. Let alone a rogue SecUnit.

Partial Disclosure by Gamebird

The complicated family dynamics when you're a super-secret intelligent spaceship trying to explain the illegal things you did to help your new friend (the rogue security construct) to your augmented sister so she'll team up with you against your dad who is also your captain and commanding officer. Actually, best not to explain the illegal things. Maybe just the 'new friend' part for now and hope for the best on the rest of it.

The Talk by Gamebird

From the tags of fingolfinwiththesteelchair on Tumblr, “can you imagine ART having to explain to Iris and Seth WHY it let SecUnit on??” (https://www.tumblr.com/fingolfinwiththesteelchair/735884180224950272/this-has-been-perihelions-guide-to-making?source=share) This is set very shortly after [redacted] in System Collapse and before the trip to the surface that serves as the opening scene for that book. (No System Collapse spoilers to worry about, though.) (Minor edits since initial publication to bring it in line with canon.)

unexpected object in ventilation system by CompletelyDifferent

When people are overwhelmed with feelings they won't (or can't) admit, it causes them to vomit out flowers. Love is a particularly common culrpit. And yes, it's been an enduring symbol of enduring love for humanity since time immemorial, yadda yadda, truth is, in reality, it's kind of a pain to deal with. Kaede's picked roses and daises from her teeth more times than she'd care to admit, and helped friends hack out lilies even more. She knows the drill. Someone on board The Perihelion has a bad case of The Petals, and she's determined to track down who.

Below: Fics on this list that include a / relationship tag. (This is a somewhat arbitrary separation—I suggest reading the author's tags and notes for more nuance.)

Gos-ship by urisaarang

Peri tells its crew it met someone. Someone special. Someone worth committing a little crime for.

Fallen the hardest by OctoberSeventeenth

When Perihelion keeps playing the same song Iris suspects that there might be more to this... Basically How I imagine Peri told its crew about SecUnit.

Parallel Signaling by Joyfulldreams

After leaving RaviHyral, by the time I exit the wormhole adjacent to Port Outlander, the sting of SecUnit’s absence has finally begun to fade. Cargo runs are always lonely, so this is nothing new. SecUnit left me with more to occupy my time than I usually have. Media. Memories. A few topics of pointless rumination, I suppose, but also new topics of data analysis and research. OR The time period between the end of Artificial Condition and the end of Exit Strategy, from ART's POV.

[anthurak]

RWBY and the Difference Between Combat Schools and Huntsmen Academies

One really interesting aspect of RWBY that I think we don’t discuss or recognize enough is just how long and involved the process of becoming a huntress/huntsman actually is.

Like people love to throw around terms like ‘magic high-school’ to describe Beacon and ‘super-powered teenagers’ to describe our heroines or just huntresses and huntsmen in general, but that is just demonstrably NOT the case. Sure, RUBY may have been fifteen when she came to Beacon, but that was only because she’d been bumped up two whole years. It seems that the standard age for a first-year Beacon student (and almost certainly Haven, Atlas and Shade as well) is seventeen/eighteen. And according to Ozpin, students will spend four years at the academy before graduating as full-fledged huntresses and huntsmen. Meaning that the average age for an academy graduate and newly minted grimm hunter is twenty-one/twenty-two.

Simply put, the Huntsmen Academies are NOT magic high-schools, but rather far more analogous to COLLEGES and UNIVERSITIES. Rather, it is the Combat Schools like Signal, Pharos and Sanctum that are the ‘magic high-schools’ of Remnant.

And it’s when we consider those that I think we start getting a sense of just how lengthy and dedicated the process of becoming a huntress likely is.

In her meeting with Ozpin in the first episode, Ruby comments that she ‘only has two more years at Signal’, implying that she’s likely already halfway or more through her expected time there. Meaning that Combat Schools likely run for at least four or possibly five years. Which in turn would mean that the whole process of becoming a huntress or huntsmen starts at age thirteen or even twelve.

Now obviously we can be unsettled by all the ‘child soldier’ implications there, but for one I highly doubt the Combat Schools are throwing thirteen-year-olds against Grimm, and more importantly it could even be NECCESARY for prospective huntresses and huntsmen to start training at such a young age, particularly when it comes to things like Aura and Semblances.

Consider the fact that it’s pretty clear that most people on Remnant DON’T have a Semblance, or rather an unlocked semblance, or an especially strong aura. Because actually training those things to the point where you can go toe-to-toe with rabid darkness monsters is a very long and difficult process. A process that I imagine only gets HARDER to begin the older one gets. Like with so many other skills, I wouldn’t be surprised if unlocking and beginning to train one’s semblance and aura is MUCH easier as a child than as an adult. The same likely goes for weapons and combat training.

I imagine this is one of the real purposes of Combat Schools: to provide students with a safe, controlled environment to unlock and begin training their semblance and aura.

And I imagine the Combat Schools likely serve another, more grim but ultimately necessary purpose: to weed out the kids who simply AREN’T cut out for the whole ‘monster slaying’ business.

Consider for a moment that there are likely several Combat Schools and Academies in each Kingdom, with medium to larger cities having perhaps one or two each, like Signal Academy on Patch, and Sanctum in Argus, with maybe three to five in the capital cities, and several more scattered around the kingdoms in smaller villages. And that with the legendary status of Huntress and Huntsmen in Remnant culture, a LOT of kids likely join these schools, all hoping to become a cool, badass legendary hero themselves.

Now consider just how many Beacon applicants we saw at the start of the show. A few dozen, maybe a hundred, hundred and fifty, tops? And remember that not all of that number even went through the standard Combat School training, as we know from Blake that one can apply for Academy admission directly, albeit through what is almost certainly an EXTREMELY difficult exam process. I mean, out of the eight students we follow at Beacon, we’ve confirmed only THREE actually went through Combat School; Ruby, Yang and Pyrrha. Weiss, Blake and Jaune definitely didn’t attend one, and while Ren and Nora might have, they could just as easily have done what Blake did.

To really put some numbers to this, let’s say that the Kingdom of Vale and Eastern Saunus as a whole has maybe twenty Combat Schools in total, from the handful of big schools like Pharos in the capital and other large cities, to more mid-sized schools like Signal in the larger towns and settlements, to some scattered ‘schoolhouse’-type setups run by one or two retired huntresses or huntsmen. And every year, all of those schools each get a combined average of maybe between fifty to a hundred bright-eyed thirteen-year-olds in their starting classes, each hopeful and positive they’re going to be legendary heroes one day. Putting the total number of huntsmen hopefuls across Vale each year at anywhere between one- and two-thousand.

Cut to four-to-five years later, only about a hundred of those kids will be arriving at Beacon. Which again, isn’t even counting students like Weiss and Blake who didn’t even attend a Combat School, or Pyrrha who came from a different kingdom.

Now that’s not to say I think some dark and grisly fate awaits those kids who can’t make the cut. I don’t think kids are getting killed or horribly maimed and crippled in these combat schools. Rather, they just drop out of the program.

Because it’s all simply too much for them.

Being a professional monster slayer is HARD, probably the hardest, most dangerous job in the world. And very few are truly cut out for it.

I mean, just look at the results of those Combat Schools: At the start of the series, when all those prospective Beacon students learned they were about to be launched into a Grimm-infested forest, the ONLY guy who was scared or even mildly concerned was the one who faked his way in and didn’t actually have any training or experience. Ruby, Yang, Weiss, Pyrrha, Nora, even whats-their-faces in CDRL, all of them were cool, composed and even excited.

Every last one of those first year applicants* arrived at Beacon a highly trained, capable and experienced fighter in each their own right. With an unlocked semblance, a trained aura and a custom-build weapon of their own.

This is one of the big reasons why the Huntsmen Academies are FAR more analogous to colleges and universities rather than the ‘magic high schools’ we so often see in fantasy stories, and one of the things that makes RWBY rather unique.

Basically all of our main characters (aside from that one idiot who thought he could skip the line) enter the story having already completed their requisite ‘training arcs’ and are pretty much READY to become huntresses. It’s why Beacon itself and various ‘school stories’ really WEREN’T a focus of the first three volumes and served more as a safe and comfortable ‘home base’ for our heroines. At least until Volume 3 burned down said home base and thrust our heroines into the real world for the actual story to begin.

*Obviously excluding Jaune who frankly by all rights SHOULD have been dead or at least horribly and permanently maimed within the first thirty seconds or so, were it not for the Grace of Pyrrha.

[political-us]

The Dow is on track for its worst April since 1932—the bleakest year of the Great Depression. Nearly a century later, markets are once again facing economic turbulence on a historic scale.

Trump's approval rating drops to 42%, the lowest it's been since he became president, according to a Reuters/Ipsos poll.

A cutting-edge microscope at Harvard Medical School could pave the way for major breakthroughs in cancer detection and aging research—but its progress is now at risk. The scientist who created the software to analyze its images, 30-year-old Russian-born Kseniia Petrova, has been held in immigration detention for two months. Arrested in February at a Boston airport, Petrova is now detained in Louisiana, facing possible deportation to Russia, where she says she fears imprisonment for protesting the war in Ukraine. Her case highlights the tension between immigration policy and the U.S.'s reliance on global scientific talent.

The Department of Homeland Security denied Mahmoud Khalil permission to be present for the birth of his first child, which took place Monday at a hospital in New York. Instead, Khalil had to experience the moment over the phone from Jena, Louisiana—more than 1,000 miles away from his wife, Dr. Noor Abdalla, who delivered their baby boy. The case has sparked criticism over DHS's handling of family and humanitarian considerations.

The White House is considering policies to encourage more Americans to marry and have children, including a potential $5,000 “baby bonus,” according to The New York Times. The proposals align with a broader conservative push to address falling birth rates and promote traditional family values. Other ideas on the table include reserving 30% of Fulbright scholarships for applicants who are married or have children, and funding educational programs that teach women about fertility and ovulation.

A group of Venezuelan migrants facing removal under a broad wartime authority challenged the Trump administration’s deportation process at the Supreme Court, arguing the notices they received don’t meet legal standards. The ACLU, representing the migrants, said the English-only notices—often given less than 24 hours before deportation—violate a recent Supreme Court ruling requiring enough time for individuals to seek habeas review.

The Education Department announced it will start collecting student loan payments from over 5 million borrowers who are in default. This means it will begin taking money from federal wages, Social Security checks, and tax refunds. This move comes as pandemic-era protections for student loan borrowers continue to wind down.

Tensions are rising within the Arizona Democratic Party as the state party chair is at odds with the governor and U.S. senators. In response, officials are considering shifting 2026 campaign funds to local county Democrats.

​The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced substantial tariffs on solar panel imports from four Southeast Asian countries—Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia—following a year-long investigation into alleged trade violations by Chinese-owned manufacturers operating in these nations. The tariffs, which vary by country and company, are as follows:​

Cambodia: Facing the steepest duties, with tariffs reaching up to 3,521%, due to non-cooperation with the investigation.

Vietnam: Companies may face duties up to 395.9%.​

Thailand: Tariffs could be as high as 375.2%.​

Malaysia: Duties are set at 34.4%.​

Senator Adam Schiff is urging the National Archives to investigate the Trump administration's use of Signal and similar messaging apps. He emphasized the need for NARA to reach out to every federal agency involved to make sure all relevant records are preserved. This comes amid growing concerns over transparency and potential violations of federal recordkeeping laws.

[b1asho]

Bugs

Here's what I've got to say, I didn't proofread any of it, will do that later, but I went a little more into stuff like what flips the switch on them turning into a Dorest (blue guy) or Rox (red guy).

((Tldr its not a switch its a sliding bar that'll get stuck or drop back down to 0 without the right input!)

Anyway, their life stages are:

'Egg, Early Stage Larva, Late Stage Larva, Prepupa, Chrysalis, Juvenile (aka Chick's, Dusties, or Hatchlings) pictured is molt 1 of 3, Subadult (aka Colts or Proxies) pictured is molt 4 of 5, and Adult (aka Imago, Types D or R.

Eggs are around golfball sized, and stay on the Rox’s abdomen area via a sticky pouch that forms when the eggs are laid onto them. I haven’t gone in depth into how they do the deed because idk, but it’s relevant here so let’s do it: basically they lock gonopods with each other, both get off, then the Dorest lays their fertilized eggs onto the Rox and the Rox releases fertilized eggs on themself. The residue hardens into a leathery skin over the eggs (there’s about 12 of them in total, 6 from each party)until they hatch into a soft little infant. This process can technically be done in reverse (with the eggs being laid/held on a Dorest). They could even self-fertilize (that is very hard, though, because they’re designed to reproduce with the stimulus of both D/R pheromones. Eggs won’t even form if you don’t have the presence of both in your living area. You’d have to find a way to replace the missing half if you want to actually get anywhere) but both are *major* taboo because it goes against their roles. The Rox is supposed to hold because they’re larger (it’s more comfortable for them because they have more space down there), they can defend the eggs better (which mattered more with their ancestors and so carried on thru today) and if they’re in a reproductive role they have more time for proper pouch care and more nutrition as opposed to a reproductive Dorest, who still has duties outside the unit that can include labor. When the Rox feels the larva moving around, they’ll rip open the pouch to release them (where they then fall under the care of the nearest applicable Dorest. )

This little guy then grows during their larval stage, continuously shedding their soft outer casing rather than having a designated number molts like in later stages. Nothing new is being grown, specific things are just getting bigger (such as their head, arms/legs, and setae) as they store fat and prepare their body for the metamorphosis. They only have an exoskeleton, which is fairly springy and soft. Basically, the larva stage is only for storing energy and getting things bigger to be a better blueprint for their new features later.

Once they’re ready, their body starts sectioning out a bit for the general layout of what they’re going to look like (this is the prepupa stage, characterized by their larger size and more discernible features). they all gather in a suitable place (or are herded to a specific place by adults), and then go inactive to grow a thick outer layer derived from their exoskeleton. This serves as their chrysalis. The chrysalis stage is where they actually change , adding in the body parts of adults (such as scales, claws, their mouthpart and head layout, eyes, fingers/toes, antenna, etc) and completely restructuring themselves for bipedalism. As I mentioned earlier, offspring are usually separated into different areas. This is to make it easier to concentrate the pheromone signals and enzymes they’ll introduce to cause the Drecu soup in the chrysalis to develop a certain way. (If this doesn’t happen, basically they don’t have the thing that unlocks their instructions on how to grow. they’ll stay soup and just die in the chrysalis.)

Juveniles/Chicks/Dusties/ Hatchlings are where they consider the true start of their life to be. The 'Dusty'nickname comes from the dull gray if their scales. Based on the prompts they received in the chrysalis, they emerged with either Dorest or Rox traits being dominant. However, as you can see, they still kind of look similar. Particularly, the Rox is missing/has underdeveloped a lot of the discerning Rox features (they have the space for their ear disks but haven’t grown them yet, so they’re deaf, they arent red, don’t have quills , and don’t have their thumb claw)

This is because Dorest is the default, the R enzyme breaks down the enzyme that makes them a Dorest.

They have a predisposed path (broad strokes in their head, leg, abdomen, and tail shape that happened in the chrysalis) that was determined in the chrysalis, but at this age they need continued reinforcement from D/R adults around them in order to ‘lock in’ those adult traits. Because of this, they’re usually kept separated after emerging from the chrysalis ( D hatchlings with other Dorest and R hatchlings with a lower caste Rox or under the care of a Dorest with enough Rox around to introduce them to more of the R enzyme)

Once they have pupated, there are a total of 5 size changes. The first 3 are in the juvenile/hatchling/etc stage where theyll be locking in features. There is a ‘critical period’ during the end of the juvenile stage where insufficient/irregular reinforcement or too many mixed signals will cause them to miss the ‘lock’ that causes them to develop and/or fully retain those features. (depending on when this happens, this means that a Rox can be missing anything from their color to their spines, and even a Dorest can not develop their horns, tail, or colors. )This can’t be undone after the 3rd molt that brings them into the subadult stage (which means they wouldn’t qualify as a subadult, since they’re missing a lot of those developments)

a similar change can happen if an adult Drecu is isolated from others, though this will only change their behavior because their body has stopped changing at this point. for example, a Rox removed from all other drecu will begin to present as a Dorest (emitting those pheremones and being less aggressive/more nurturing and caring rather than possessive and territorial), and in an environment where there’s only other Rox around they might start giving off Dorest signals too. A Dorest removed from any other drecu will act the same, but when there’s only other D around one might start presenting like a Rox (acting territorial, aggressive, and leaderlike) and mimicking Rox signals.

The subadult stage is very close to being adult. They're called colts because of their newness/inexperience, not because of the horse thing. Theyre also called proxies because they're closer to adults in the unit, therefore doing more important tasks that have been delegated to then. The number of size-changing molts can vary here, but its usually they'll go throguh the last 2 of the total 5 (but, some lower castes stay around this size due to nutrition and stuff.) If they’ve properly developed from the previous stage, they should have all their adult features and should keep those features for the rest of their life.

They’re considered an adult when they can reproduce, which changes their size, setae hair length, and coloring. Whether or not they actually *do* reproduce is a whole other status thing, since only some in the unit have that right.

This is a convoluted way to introduce some possibilities for some WEIRD lookin drecu characters who fumbled the critical period. I'm cooking one up rn >:)

[lookwhatyoumademelou]

Fund Michelle's Hands-On Archival Studies in UK

Hello Everyone! I got accepted into a MA (Master of Arts) degree at The University of Manchester for Library and Archive Studies. This program starts in September so I created a fundraiser to help me fund the student visa process & accommodation (housing).

Click here for the link to my Go Fund Me page to read more & of course, to donate/share.

Please reblog/signal boost this post.

I appreciate you. Thank you for helping make my dream of living/working/studying abroad come true<3

I am currently raising funds for my student visa application which I am estimating at $1500 usd

(application + nhs surcharge for the yr + conversion rate from usd to gbp)

(conversion rates to gbp fluctuates & unfortunately a google search at any time is a little unreliable if the school charges at 1.4 and not the current rate it’s confusing to estimate 😂😅 bc my housing deposit & CAS statement have been a bit more than anticipated)

Additionally, here are links to donate to me directly if you do not want to go through Go Fund Me:

VENMO

PAYPAL

CASHAPP

Also, if you have any ideas/tips on how to share my fundraiser etc., master's degree abroad funding ideas/tips, or anything else related to living/working/studying abroad, feel free to DM me :)

Thank you! ❤️❤️❤️

May your generosity return to you tenfold✨

thanks everyone for your support (reblogs, donations, good wishes, etc. ❤️)

[big-mean-trans-dyke]

I saw your “who’s smarter” poll and I felt a physical revulsion to the concept that either party could be considered smarter than the other.

Instead may I propose: trans woman pop science speaker who skullfucks her oppositional straw-TREF in between leading questions. The straw-TERF starts out certain in her ass-backwards beliefs but at the end of the show she’s singing praises to science in between swallows of thick womanly jizz. (Whether the straw-TERFs are method actresses or real volunteers, the audience never knows. All the same, they are compensated fairly for their performance, much to the average viewer’s surprise)

Debate and discussion are important in any polite and well-informed society, and so of course these kinds of things happen regularly! Applications are opened to transfems and cuntgirls with the understanding that one of each will be chosen to debate various different social issues on live TV.

About half of the cuntgirls chosen are prominent TERFs, well known and eager to spread their ideas. The other half are less known, and could be TERFs themselves, or cuntgirls just looking to serve their betters in a more public way. Regardless, the debates always play out the same way.

They begin with an introduction of the two participants. The transfem walks out on stage to cheers, followed by her opponent crawling out, predictably, to boos and jeers. A moderator introduces each of them, as well as the topic for the day, before continuing.

The debates continue in sets of three states. First, the moderator reads a question. During this time, the transfem grabs her opponent by the head and shoves her throat full of cock. This is to ensure respectful silence during the reading of the question so that both participants can properly focus. The transfem refrains from raping the TERF's face, knowing how loud it usually is. Knowing how much TERFs enjoy talking when nobody's interested in what they have to say, it also helps to keep her quiet when it's not her turn to talk.

Next, the transfem has her chance to answer. During her speaking, she's obviously free to grip the stupid bitch she's debating by the hair and fuck her skull. She's free to respond to the question in any way she chooses, taking as long as she likes. When she's finished, she'll signal so by pulling her cock out of her opponent's throat, leaving it free for its secondary purpose.

The TERF signals the beginning of her speech with a loud *GLURK* and a gasp for air. From then on, she's allowed to spend as much time as the transfem just had to argue her points. The transfem isn't allowed to quiet the TERF for this period, but she's obviously still allowed to make use of her in other ways. She'll often occupy herself by stroking herself off, fucking the TERF's tits and, if necessary, taking a piss break in her hair. Whenever the TERF is done spewing pointless bullshit, the transfem spears her throat with cock again and they move on to the next question.

Despite how much more dignity this process lends the average TERF argument, these debates consistently end with the TERF in eager agreement with the transfem above her on issues like "Are TERFs really as stupid as they seem, or are they just pretending, hoping to have their asses raped?", or "How many children should a transfem be allowed to pump into a cuntgirl's womb before she's expected to take ownership of the cuntgirl?".

They're paid generously for their time, and offered TERF certification that won't need to be renewed for the next 3 years, also incredibly generous. However, it's very, very rare that the 'TERFs' involved in these debates have any interest in certification by the end.