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leam1983 · 2 years ago

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Razer Blade 14 - Thoughts

Specs before anyone asks:

AMD Ryzen™ 9 6900HX Processor (8-Cores /16-Threads, 20MB Cache, Up to 4.9 GHz max boost) with Radeon™ 680M Graphics.

Windows 11 Home.

14-inch FHD 144Hz, 1920 x 1080. ...

NVIDIA® GeForce RTX™ 3060 (6GB GDDR6 VRAM)

1TB SSD (M.2 NVMe PCIe 4.0 x4)

Actual thoughts below the cut. Send gamer hate at [email protected]

So. It, um, certainly is a laptop. At fourteen inches, it's just about comfortable enough to sit in someone's lap, assuming you're not looking to kill your cojones by sitting cross-legged through a maxed-out run on Cyberpunk 2077. Not that you could, it's only got 6 GB of VRAM and the onboard RTX 3060 draws a ton of juice. You'd be lucky to get an hour at 1080p Medium. Being a Ryzen lappy, it also doesn't support Thunderbolt, so you couldn't exactly turn it into a hybrid system by plugging in a docked GPU while at home. Your only other option is the humble 6900HX's onboard Radeon graphics, which are, well...

Calling them limited by today's standards would be fair.

So why the fuck did I buy that? Because I'm an adult, and I need something with a screen and a keyboard that can follow me. The Steam Deck's great for my Linux needs and it still is my contender for actual portable gaming, but I've increasingly found myself getting shipped around the city to deal with sales reps directly for the sake of my job, and dealing with a car dealership's Sales Director typically means waiting. Waiting quite a bit, at that. If I'm told to sit around a break room and wait above ninety minutes, I'm getting comfortable and getting some work done.

All that, and the fact that I already have a decent gaming PC. I don't need the new portable hotness, not when gaming at work would get me fired, and not when I'd be liable to wait for a hotel room or some other accommodation to consider loading up a Skyrim save away from home.

On the plus side, the USB-C ports are decently zippy and allowed me to tether to our single Windows server rack quite comfortably.

You're not here for Adult Shit, though, any old croaker can run some form of a word-processor or an office suite. In terms of performance, the onboard RTX 3060 outpaces my housebound RTX 2080 in terms of raytracing capabilities, but has less of a texture buffer. Warhammer 40K: Darktide runs with all its bells and whistles cranked to High on my main rig, and with ray-tracing turned off. On my laptop, my single Darktide run yielded a steady 60 FPS at low-to-medium details, with a few ray-tracing elements turned on. Considering the type of game this is, it's really an "apples or oranges" sort of deal. Crisper details you won't really slow down to look at, or deeper shadows? Take your pick.

The same goes for Cyberpunk 2077, with things improving if you step down a notch and consider older titles. FarCry 5 is amenable with the 3060's lean VRAM budget, as is Assassin's Creed Odyssey - everything gets cranked up with no complaints other than the cooling array's incessant whining.

Therein lies the one reason why I think even gaming laptops should be seen as a stopgap for when computers aren't available: heat transfer. If you're the type to pack a gamepad while on the go, odds are this won't concern you. If you're hoping to tackle an FPS or a Management game, however, odds are you'll quickly realize how toasty your hands and fingers can become. Over time, the resulting feeling can be quite uncomfortable. If you've gone for one of the pricier Blades or any other laptop with an Intel CPU, you've got access to Thunderbolt 3 and as such, could reliably dock the machine and use it as a hybrid rig, thereby negating any heating-related issues. As this is quite the commitment - and a pricey one at that - it's almost more worthwhile to do what I've done, and to invest into a mobile gap-filler.

Do I like it, though? I'll answer like a boring adult man nearing his forties and say that it does what I need it to, without looking like your typically cheap ASUS Aspire build. It's utterly quiet unless taxed, seeing as the 6900HX covers both processing and video display as long as low-effort jobs are presented. You can set it to consistently default to the snappier RTX 3060 if you absolutely must get that high-frequency Refresh Rate feel even while working on someone's Sales portfolio, but then this adds a consistent low hum to the overall use experience. I like the idea of knowing that my laptop's GPU is effectively turned completely off until taxed. In an office, not being known as the one guy with a jet engine of a notes-taker feels particularly good.

As you'd expect of Razer, however, very little is serviceable or upgradeable, with the onboard Wi-Fi suite and default audio and video drivers absolutely requiring the presence of a default, factory-flashed recovery partition. Delete that, and your custom Windows install is going to get unpleasant really, really quickly. I've also attempted to use one of my old Windows 11 serials to upgrade from the default Home Windows fork to the Pro, and it seems as though this particular Home license key is linked to the recovery partition. I can change OSes at will, but doing so will require that I invest in a USB-to-Ethernet adapter first, to work around my lack of an onboard Ethernet port.

Small ray of sunshine, though - remove six tri-wing screws as well as the backplate itself, and you get access to the one and only serviceable component, which is its SSD drive. The M.2 slot could theoretically accept any size of drive whatsoever, but the Blade 14's confines are so tight that tests show chipsets going above 2 GBs will bend slightly when screwed in. The one source I checked who tried it with an obscenely-priced 8 GB stick from Sabrent claims the laptop still works fine after several weeks, but I wouldn't expect them to maintain their optimism once a chip's solder pads pop off. The safest bet would be a simple 2 GB stick, with anything higher perhaps requiring a little bit of literal hacking to raise the stick while somehow making contact with the port's pins.

My thinking is that I could perhaps find an M.2 riser cable, if those do indeed exist, snip it down to barely an inch, solder its other connector end back on, using that to connect with a high-capacity double-sided NVME drive I'd have stuck to the backplate proper with a combination of thumb tack and electric tape. Problem solved, I think - only I'd be unable to touch my laptop's backplate without burning my fingers.

At that point, you have to question who really needs 8 GBs of storage on a laptop, of all things...

I'm more than satisfied, all things told - except perhaps with that dreaded Razer tax. It's almost worth it, seeing as a few gaming-related stickers got the office's Apple cultists to ask me if I'd just gotten a vintage MacBook. Cover up the three tangled snakes and it certainly passes a cursory inspection.

#IT post #tech review #razer blade 14 #thoughts #windows #linux #laptop #gaming #productivity

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catfan1000 · 2 months ago

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i'm not much of an expert but ive been daily driving Linux for about 2 years or so, so heres what ive learned:

Since you seem to want a similar UI to windows most people will recommend Linux Mint ( https://linuxmint.com/ ) since it's one of the most user friendly while also looking similar to Windows.

If you want a slightly different but still intuitive feel I would also highly recommend Pop!_OS ( https://pop.system76.com/ ) especially if you have an Nvidia graphics card since it comes with pre-installed drivers (the stuff that makes the physical parts of ur pc function)

If you want to find more distrowatch.com is quite a good site, you can also look around the internet to see what users think.

The distro itself doesnt really matter in the GUI front since the desktop environment (the stuff that lets you have icons and do stuff with your mouse instead of just typing commands like MS DOS) will look mostly the same. The first distro I mentioned has Cinnamon, a desktop environment similar to Windows, but u could also opt for a version of Linux Mint with KDE for more customizability or XFCE if you're running it on a potato/want to maximize your performance.

Look for alternatives for some programs you already use on Windows. Yes you can still use their office suite in browser, but whats the point of switching to avoid spying if you're gonna keep using it? My personal pick for that is Libre Office, another popular one is OpenOffice. A tool to help you find alternatives is alternativeto.net , its not perfect but it should get the job done for most popular programs.

To address the elephant in the room: yes you will need to learn some commands, but its really not as intimidating as it might sound to some. Look up some beginner guides and get at least a little comfortable with it since it'll help you greatly in the future. You'll probably just end up using the terminal to do stuff like update and install programs most of the time, but you never know when you wanna tweak something more. If you don't know how to do something you can just do a quick search and find something on Reddit or a forum for whatever OS you end up picking.

Have fun and remember you're already many steps ahead of the majority just by having a drive to switch!

Hm. Well I suppose if I were to ask anywhere, tumblr wiuld be the place. Can anyone guide me through migrating to linux. Ive tried. I want windows without the spying and lack of rights. Yes I know thats not what Linux is meant to be. But I think its reasonable to want the ease of use the windows UI provides (7 my beloved) and the freedom of linux. Thanks <3

#linux

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delphiahillen96-blog · 5 years ago

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Convert Mp4 To Wav Free

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kristopherstm-blog · 5 years ago

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Ape To Flac Drawback

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ashlypina981-blog · 6 years ago

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douchebagbrainwaves · 4 years ago

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WHY I'M SMARTER THAN KINDS

Microcomputers are a classic example of this view: 80% of MIT spinoffs succeed provided they have at least one of them from doing it. You can't be buying users; that's a pyramid scheme. The initial idea is the same no matter what. Curiously, the fact that so many programmers identify as X programmers or Y programmers. Partly because the most effective pressure is competition from other investors imposes a deadline. Starting a startup gives you more ideas. Of course, it's called school, which makes hardware geometrically closer to free; the Web, use links to rank search results, and hard problems couldn't literally be fun. It seems safe to say, that quote is from someone we funded this summer. And the very best VC funds. Explaining himself later, he said that little desktop computers would never be suitable for real hacking. ___ Should the city take stock in the startups you meet that way, you'd be running Windows. Mistake number four.

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It's not something you can do. Even Samuel Johnson seems to have begun by trying to be Thurston Howell. So an idea for a new type of investor: the super-angels gradually to erode. The other way to tell whether a field has consistent standards is the overlap between the teachers and the leading practitioners weren't doing much more than a pretentious version of u r a fag. But while demand shaped like a well. More So The classic startup is fast and informal, with few people and little money. Except you judge intelligence at its best, starting a startup is, economically, is compressing your working life into a few years do seem better than the others.

You might find contradictory taboos. Not just because of their job titles. But that was just a project. Formidable is close to zero. I think, is going to be different kinds of questions. Another danger, pointed out by Mitch Kapor, Josh Kopelman, Pete Koomen, Carolynn Levy, Jon Levy, Kirsty Nathoo, Robert Morris, and Fred Wilson for reading drafts of this. And yet even when they are or could be profitable on as little as $2000 per month. Don't spend much time worrying about the details.

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He wrote about productivity in lines of code. If someone gets murdered by someone they met on Facebook, the press will treat the story as if it were all like school and big companies. Perl programs can be almost cryptically dense, while the percentages might end up with a startup, a company looks much like college, but only a little; they were too quick. They'll all lose their jobs eventually, along with Steve Jobs, Larry Ellison, Michael Dell, Jeff Bezos, Gordon Moore. There is a lot cheaper. You may be wasting your time. As those examples suggest, a recession may not be such a test. I've written several essays that began as comments there. Libraries? 5b Everyone in a company works together to create wealth by making a car that weighed only fifty pounds, or folded up to the founders instead of the current probabilities: Subject FREE 0. Jessica Livingston, and Geoff Ralston for reading drafts of this. The unfortunate thing is not something one could aspire to the way they were 10 years ago, writing essays was the ultimate insider's game.

On the way we do. The most successful angel investors I know are gradually switching to Macs. The founders can't enrich themselves without also enriching the investors. 6 of that 11. Everyone knows that committees tend to yield lumpy, inconsistent designs. Not only do you have a new idea. They hope further investment will save them. But it's not because you're supposed to have a separate laptop on the other side senses weakness—if they sense you're ambivalent, they won't give you much attention. When you can't deliver ornament, you have to do is be part of it.

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delicioustimemachinefart · 4 years ago

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Control Alt Delete Command For Mac

COMMAND + OPTION + ESCAPE is the CONTROL + ALT + DELETE Equivalent on Mac Hitting Command + Option + Escape on a Mac is basically the same thing as hitting Control + Alt + Delete on a Windows PC. This is the closest single equivalent there is, in that it ends program process whether they are stuck or not, basically forcing them to quit.

If you have been a Windows user you will be familar with the CTRL+ALT+DEL command that allows you to force applications to close when they aren't doing what.

If you switch to a Mac after becoming familiar with Windows, you’ll quickly find that the standard Ctrl+Alt+Delete shortcut doesn’t do anything. Mac OS X does have its own version of the Task Manager, but it’s a bit different than Windows’, and you access it by pressing Command+Option+Esc.

Ctrl+Alt+Del You can send the Ctrl+Alt+Del command to a remote Windows computer to view the options for locking the computer, launching the task manager, signing off the current user profile etc. On a remote Mac, sending the Ctrl+Alt+Del command will open the Force Quit Applications window.

Control Alt Delete Mac Windows

If you’ve used Windows you know that Ctrl + Alt + Delete—now “Ctrl + Shift + Delete“—is what you do when things aren’t going as expected. Like when you go to launch a program and you get a never-ending loading bar. Or when you’re browsing a webpage and the entire browser locks up. Or when nothing works right because you’re using a Windows PC and not a Mac.

What is Control-Alt-Delete on Mac. Control-Alt-Delete is a Microsoft Windows shortcut that opens Task Manager and allows the users to see a list of launched apps, a list of executing processes, the CPU and the Memory usage of apps. Many users run Task Manager on.

But truth be told, even our shiny iMacs and our unibody MacBooks experience some not-so-smooth sailing. On a Windows PC you press three magic buttons to access the Task Manager. Here you can view running applications and processes and end them. But where are the three magic buttons on a Mac?

How to Ctrl Alt Delete on Mac

Turns out they are there—three magic buttons just like Windows. Command + Option (Alt) + Esc.

Pressing these three buttons simultaneously opens the “Force Quit Applications” window. Here you’ll see all your running applications and a button that says “Force Quit.”

Simply select the application(s) you want to go nuclear on and click “Force Quit.” Your Mac will take care of the rest.

Pro Tip: You can close multiple apps at once. To select a range of apps hold shift and click the starting and ending apps in the list. To select individual apps, hold command and select the apps you want to close. Then just click “Force Quit.”

Task Manager for Mac

Of course Windows also lets you view running processes in the Task Manager. What about Mac? Because Mac is Unix-based you could fire up the Terminal app. Or you could save yourself some work and open the Activity Monitor app.

Activity Monitor is a fantastic tool. You can view which processes are taking up the most memory, the most processing power, and even the most energy. You can also view disk and network statistics. The bottom of the window even provides a visual representation of the numbers.

If you ever hear your fan running faster than normal—or notice lag within your apps—Activity Monitor can help you identify which apps are hogging resources; and, even shut them down as needed. Just remember to be careful when closing processes and applications. Especially if you’re not sure what they do.

Click the headings to sort processes. When you want to end a process, you can use the force quit icon in the top-left of the window (it looks like a stop sign with an “x” in it). Just select the process you want to end and click that force quit icon.

Of course there’s always more than one way to bake a cake. In addition to Activity Monitor and the Force Quit Applications menu, you can also click and hold a non-responsive app in the dock and choose “Force Quit” from the contextual menu.

Ctrl-Alt Delete: An Origin Story

Many people think Ctrl-Alt-Delete started with Windows. Truth is it didn’t. Bill Gates adopted the shortcut from IBM. Early IBM computers utilized the keyboard shortcut to soft reboot devices. That being said, Gates has said it was a mistake and that he would’ve preferred a single button. Of course the rest of us probably just dream of a day where we don’t have to use it all.

Happy Easter

While pressing Ctrl + Alt (Option) + Delete on a Mac doesn’t do anything, you can use it in the macOS server login screen. Performing the command will present you with an Easter egg which reads “This is not DOS” before restarting the computer.

Other “Windows Shortcuts” on Mac

Here are a few other commands you might want to use that translate a little differently on macOS.

Formatting: Bold, Italic, Underline (Ctrl + B, I, or U)

Make a statement. Whether you’re using Pages or writing a quick email. Generally copying and pasting is pretty straight forward.

Install psiphon linux. Command + B for bold, Command + I for italic, or Command + U for underline.

In-Browser Zoom (Ctrl + “-“ or “+”)

In Web browsers and some other applications you can zoom by holding Command and pressing either the plus (+) key to zoom in or the minus (-) key to zoom out.

In many apps—if you have a trackpad or Magic Mouse—you can use pinch-to-zoom to adjust the zoom. Usually Command + 0 will reset the zoom level.

Undo (Ctrl + Z)

Sometimes you just need to take back your last move. Many applications on Mac allow you to undo a command by pressing Command + Z.

You may even be able to “redo” your last move by pressing Command + Shift + Z.

Copy, Cut, and Paste (Ctrl + C, X, or V)

Pashto dictionary download. Copying and pasting is a way of life for most people. It’s not so different on Mac. Just substitute the Command key where you see Ctrl.

Find (Ctrl + F) and Print (Ctrl + P)

Pretty much substituting any Ctrl with Command will work for most shortcuts. Command + F will let you search for words in many apps and browsers. And Command + P lets you print the current page if applicable.

It's based on the same sound engine that was written first for the Hamichord Organ, then for the Crumar Mojo, and is also found in the Crumar Mojo61 and in the GSi Gemini. It's not a simple update to an old software, it's a whole new product. It is the evolution of the GSi VB3 v1.x with a new sound, a new parameter set, endless possibilities of sound customization. Vb3 vst serial.

Final Thoughts

You’re sure to be more efficient if you can keep your Mac running smoothly and if you use shortcuts to improve your productivity.

Keep in mind, Command + Alt + Esc shouldn’t be used as a magic fix for all of your macOS problems. If you’re constantly having issues with your Mac, you may want to take a deeper look under the hood or speak with an Apple Certified Technician.

You can use Activity Monitor to help you see which apps are hogging resources and shut them down; and, if they’re apps that shouldn’t be there you may want to try removing them from your device.

As always, be careful you don’t remove system apps or other integral programs. Another way to avoid performance issues is to steer clear of malicious apps that disguise themselves as antivirus software.

Control Alt Delete Mac Windows

Happy Ctrl + Alt + Delete-ing! Let us know in the comments—or on social media—what your favorite macOS shortcuts are.

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jovialheartcupcake · 4 years ago

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Free Ftp Software For Mac Os X

Cyberduck is a libre server and cloud storage browser for Mac and Windows with support for FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, Amazon S3, OpenStack Swift, Backblaze B2, Microsoft Azure & OneDrive, Google Drive and Dropbox. A native citizen of Mac OS X and Windows. Notification center. Free ftp and sftp client for mac os x free download. Invoice Ninja Invoice Ninja is a free and open source invoicing, expenses and time-tracking app built with Laravel. Mobirise is available for Windows and macOS and comes fully free of charge. If you need a fully responsive website in the fastest way possible, ditch the code editors and head over to Mobirise. Some of the best HTML editors for Mac OS X are free or available as an evaluation version with no enforced time limit.

Ftp Application For Mac

Free Ftp Software

Free Ftp Software For Mac Os Xp

My point here is this: every IT professional and practitioner needs a good FTP client (and possibly server) in their corner. Whether you’re building a site or sharing files, FTP provides ease and capacity unavailable in simple computer-to-computer transfers. The popularity and long history of this protocol means there are lots of players in the game—FTP clients for Windows, FTP clients for macOS, FTP clients for mobile, free FTP clients and paid FTP clients—and the right one for you depends on the client’s features and your needs. We’re here to help you sort through the clutter with the following list. Don’t have time to read through top FTP programs? My top pick is the SolarWinds® Serv-U® Managed File Transfer Server solution if you need reliable, business-level capabilities.

“Commander One looks like a great app to have on your Mac if you’re frustrated with OS X’s built-in file management.” Cultofmac.com ”Once it’s installed, you get dual pane browsing, unlimited tabs, a variety of sorting options, an easy toggle for revealing hidden files, and more. The Best Free FTP Software app downloads for Mac: Cyberduck Fetch Transmit CuteFTP Mac Professional Classic FTP Plus CrossFTP ForkLift Yummy FTP Pro C.

Here you can jump ahead to FTP Client Software reviews:

What to Keep in Mind When Choosing FTP Client Software

File Transfer Protocol is necessary when you’re communicating with a server. It’s the FTP client software that initiates the request of the server. That’s typically relevant when you’re building or maintaining a website but could also matter when transferring large files that can’t be stored on RAM. (This latter use has become less popular with the rise of cloud computing.) For smaller data transfers, going machine-to-machine is still fine.

A note on security: FTP was developed before cybersecurity was the concern that it is today, so data is sent unencrypted. That might be fine if you’re just hosting whitepapers for download or transferring non-private information. But if you have any sensitive documents or your industry has privacy regulations, using an unsecured connection could be a PR headache at best and regulatory negligence charges at worst.

That’s why Secure FTP, or SFTP, was developed. (FTPS is another, less common, encrypted form of FTP.) In fact, FTP and SFTP are often used interchangeably now, though you shouldn’t assume this is the case when choosing your client; verify that you’re getting SFTP if you need it.

Why pay for a top FTP program when there are so many popular free versions? As we’ve noted previously in this blog, “Open-source is only free if your time is worthless.” That’s a bit harsh, but the message is important: open-source and free proprietary options aren’t going to provide the support and customization of a paid service and team. You’ll spend a lot of time learning, customizing, and maintaining the program yourself, and it still might fail sometimes. This should be foremost on your mind if regular, secure, and reliable data transfer is mission-critical for your business and not just tangential.

Best FTP Client Overall

With SolarWinds Serv-U Managed File Transfer (MFT) Server, you get all the business-level capabilities you need at the affordable price you’ve come to expect from other Serv-U product offerings like Serv-U File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server.

Like FTP Server, Serv-U MFT provides total control over your file transfers—even 3GB+ files—within your organization, over both web and mobile devices. It simplifies file transfer for users with single drag-and-drop features. I’d say the real advantage here is the intuitive dashboard that allows central control and customizable automation abilities (and the ability to look over activity logs as needed).

And of course, you get the crucial security features you need and expect for business functions, like Active Directory integration and authentication features. Files can be transferred over FTP, FTPS, SFTP, and HTTP/S protocols, over both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Designed to deliver reliable and secure file transfers, this file transfer tool focuses on helping you ensure regulatory compliance for PCI DSS, HIPAA, and other standards that require secure data transfers. Serv-U MFT can take loads off your plate and keep your system running smoothly.

Serv-U MFT Server is designed to be easy to install and supports deployment on Windows and Linux® platforms.

Best Free FTP Client for Windows

WinSCP is like the Honda Civic of FTP clients—ubiquitous, relatively reliable, and affordable (free, in fact, because it’s open-source), all-in-all a decent option for a variety of users. It supports the SFTP protocol for added security and supports SCP (as the name suggests), as well as WebDAV and Amazon S3. WinSCP has an integrated text editor and allows for remote editing, which is then uploaded to the server automatically when saving, making editing a snap. And there are three portable versions, including one for Linux.

A few drawbacks: it’s built on Windows, so Mac users are out of luck. And if you use UNC to organize files on a LAN, WinSCP isn’t compatible with that either. Plus, some users criticize WinSCP’s odd keyboard command layout and the inability to customize shortcuts. (A minor gripe, but I bet it will annoy you after a while.)

Runner-Up, Best Free FTP Client for Windows

FileZilla might be the undisputed champ of open-source FTP clients if not for some unfortunate moves and PR. It works for Windows, macOS, and Linux, has drag-and-drop, tabbed interface, bookmarks, and remote editing as well as file search. Out since the early 2000s, FileZilla has racked up thousands of happy users and supporters.

But the program’s host, SourceForge, earned some ill will when it started bundling FileZilla downloads with adware or using deceiving tactics to get users to download unwanted programs. Some users even claimed malware was loaded onto their computers. Current versions still contain ads on update pages, so be careful. And in 2014, it was revealed that fake versions of FileZilla were loaded with malware that was stealing login credentials, so you should make sure you are downloading a legit version.

Best Free FTP Client for macOS

At first glance, Transmit might not seem like a standout. Like other competitive FTP clients, it supports FTP, FTPS, SFTP, Amazon S3, or WebDAV protocols, and integrates easily with Amazon Drive, Backblaze B2, DreamObjects, Dropbox, Google Drive, Microsoft Azure, Microsoft OneDrive, Microsoft OneDrive for Business, OpenStack Swift, and Rackspace Cloud Files cloud storage accounts. Transmit is also great for automated syncing.

What makes Transmit special? It does all this for macOS. In a field dominated by Windows FTP clients, this is easily the best FTP client for macOS. And as proprietary freeware, you get the updates and guidance of a paid service without spending a dime.

Runner-Up, Best Free FTP Client for macOS

Cyberduck is another big name among the best free FTP clients, especially among FTP clients for macOS. (There is also a Windows version, but because Cyberduck was built on macOS, its features are macOS-leaning.) It supports FTP and SFTP, WebDAV, OpenStack Swift, Amazon S3, Backblaze B2, and Microsoft Azure. Users love its simple and friendly graphic interface with drag-and-drop (for bookmarks too) and its support of dozens of languages. Cyberduck doesn’t have a built-in text editor but integrates with whichever your favorite is. And it allows for remote previewing of some files without downloading them.

However, that simple and easy user interface might not be sufficient for some power users. And though this is a free open-source program, it will prompt you for donations until you donate, which can get irritating.

Honorable Mentions

FireFTP is unique in that it’s not a standalone desktop program, but an add-on for the Mozilla Firefox browser (although the creators now recommend using Waterfox). This adds a lot of convenience for Firefox power users, but not much advantage for everyone else. If you prefer trees of directories and lists of files to a more dressed-up user interface, FireFTP’s two-pane display is for you.

CuteFTP is one of the most popular paid FTP clients on the web. Reviews tout its ease of use and simplicity. Standouts include the automation of file transfers and the built-in editor (Scintilla). Thanks to a feature called Tappin, you can easily share files between desktop and mobile devices. Available for Windows, CuteFTP is free to try and costs $59.99 standalone, with an additional $30 for a year of maintenance and support.

CloudMounter works a little differently because it’s not exactly an FTP client. It’s more like a direct connection to your FTP server as if the server were a removable drive. So instead of complicated software and interfaces, all you have to do is open up Finder. Few other FTP clients can say that they make it as easy as plugging in a thumbnail drive. CloudMounter is free to try and costs $29.99 (or an additional $10 for a “lifetime upgrades guarantee”). It’s primarily known for its macOS version but is also available for Windows and Linux according to its website.

One More Time: The Best FTP Client

The best FTP software depends all on your needs and budget, but I highly recommend looking at paid services to ensure regulatory compliance, security, and reliability. Check out SolarWinds Serv-U MFT for the most reliable option—and with all the security issues that can arise with transfers, you shouldn’t take that reliability lightly.

Best SIEM Tools 2020 – the best FTP Client software can support sending server logs to SIEM tools for help with deeper security analysis and compliance reporting. Check the list of best SIEM software.

Best Website Monitoring Tools 2020 – If you’re reading this article, you likely have a website to run. Monitoring is another important part of that and has a similar cost/benefit analysis between free and paid software.

Best Log Management Software 2020 – Time to update your strategy for log management? Here’s our 2020 list of tools with suggestions for every budget.

CrossFTP/Pro/Enterprise 1.99.6

Download CrossFTP/Pro/Enterprise for Windows, Mac, and Linux. CrossFTP Pro/Enterprise's evaluation will turn back to the Free CrossFTP after 30 days.

Windows Download (exe)

Mac OS X Download (zip, OS X 10.11+)

Debian Download (deb) for Ubuntu/Debian-based OS. (Installation guide)

Web Start Download (jnlp) run CrossFTP from web.Portable Download (Require JDK 7+) for Win, Mac, Linux, and Solaris. CrossFTP Commander is included.

Others Windows (exe, require JRE) Mac App Store (CrossFTP Pro) Mac (zip, require JDK7+) Mac (zip, require JDK5+)

(Upgrade to unlock Pro functions)

Installation Troubleshooting

- Mac Installation Issue:

'CrossFTP.app” is damaged and can’t be opened. You should move it to the Trash.

Solution: Please choose 'Allow apps downloaded from: Anywhere' in your System Preferences -> Security & Privacy.

- Linux Installation Issue:

How to install on non-debian linux?

Please download the portable package, extract the content to a folder, and go into that folder. After that,

1. Add the execution permission for run_client.sh by:

chmod +x ./run_client.sh

2. execute run_client.sh to start CrossFTP client by:

./run_client.sh

If you met any issues, please check if Java is properly installed on your system and available in the path; you are running CrossFTP in GUI.

- Debian based Linux installation guide:

System requirement: JDK 7+.

Use the following commands to install CrossFTP on Debian based Linux, such as Ubuntu. (Background context: Sometimes Ubuntu Software Center alerts me: 'Bad quality packet'):

1. Download the deb package, e.g., crossftp_deb_package.deb

2. Go to the downloaded deb file's folder, and execute:

sudo dpkg -i ./crossftp_deb_package.deb

For uninstall, you can use the following command:

sudo dpkg --remove corssftp

- JNLP web start issue:

If you met one of the following issues:

Java applications are blocked by your security settings.

Missing Application-Name manifest attribute

Missing required Permissions manifest attribute in main jar

On Windows, you can go to Java Control Center.

Or on Mac/Linux/Win, you can use 'javaws -viewer' command to open the Java Control Center

After that, follow this link to solve the blocked issue.

Ftp Application For Mac

Cannot edit/open file on Mac

On Mac, if you met issues to edit or open file, such as 'Cannot run program '/usr/bin/open': error=2, No such file or directory', please:

Download and install non-AppStore version CrossFTP from this page. See this page for details.

Free Ftp Software

Archived version:

Free Ftp Software For Mac Os Xp

Mac OS X 10.3 or JDK 1.4 users can download CrossFTP 1.53 here.

Documents

Blog - Our product news and intro.

Manual - CrossFTP User Manual.

Knowledge Base - Here you may find the answer for your question.

Tutorials - CrossFTP tutorials.

PAD file - PAD file of CrossFTP.

Reseller Program - Become our affiliate partner.

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suzanneshannon · 5 years ago

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CSI: The case of the missing WAV audio files on the FAT32 SD Card

Buckle up kids, as this is a tale. As you may know, I have a lovely podcast at https://hanselminutes.com. You should listen.

Recently through an number of super cool random events I got the opportunity to interview actor Chris Conner who plays Poe on Altered Carbon. I'm a big fan of the show but especially Chris. You should watch the show because Poe is a joy and Chris owns every scene, and that's with a VERY strong cast.

I usually do my interviews remotely for the podcast but I wanted to meet Chris and hang out in person so I used my local podcasting rig which consists of a Zoom H6 recorder.

I have two Shure XLR mics, a Mic stand, and the Zoom. The Zoom H6 is a very well though of workhorse and I've used it many times before when recording shows. It's not rocket surgery but one should always test their things.

I didn't want to take any chances to I picked up a 5 pack of 32GIG high quality SD Cards. I put a new one in the Zoom, the Zoom immediately recognized the SD Card so I did a local recording right there and played it back. Sounds good. I played it back locally on the Zoom and I could hear the recording from the Zoom's local speaker. It's recording the file in stereo, one side for each mic. Remember this for later.

I went early to the meet and set up the whole recording setup. I hooked up a local monitor and tested again. Records and plays back locally. Cool. Chris shows up, we recorded a fantastic show, he's engaged and we're now besties and we go to Chipotle, talk shop, Sci-fi, acting, AIs, etc. Just a killer afternoon all around.

I head home and pull out the SD Card and put it into the PC and I see this. I almost vomit. I get lightheaded.

I've been recording the show for over 730 episodes over 14 years and I've never lost a show. I do my homework - as should you. I'm reeling. Ok, breathe. Let's work the problem.

Right click the drive, check properties. Breathe. This is a 32 gig drive, but Windows sees that it's got 329 MB used. 300ish megs is the size of a 30 minute long two channel WAV file. I know this because I've looked at 300 meg files for the last several hundred shows. Just like you might know roughly the size of a JPEG your camera makes. It's a thing you know.

Command line time. List the root directory. Empty. Check it again but "show all files," weird, there's a Mac folder there but maybe the SD Card was preformatted on a Mac.

Interesting Plot Point - I didn't format the SD card. I use it as it came out of the packaging from Amazon. It came preformatted and I accepted it. I tested it and it worked but I didn't "install my own carpet." I moved in to the house as-is.

What about a little "show me all folders from here down" action? Same as I saw in Windows Explorer. The root folder has another subfolder which is itself. It's folder "Inception" with no Kick!

G:\>dir /a Volume in drive G has no label. Volume Serial Number is 0403-0201 Directory of G:\ 03/12/2020 12:29 PM <DIR> 03/13/2020 12:44 PM <DIR> System Volume Information 0 File(s) 0 bytes 2 Dir(s) 30,954,225,664 bytes free G:\>dir /s Volume in drive G has no label. Volume Serial Number is 0403-0201 Directory of G:\ 03/12/2020 12:29 PM <DIR> 0 File(s) 0 bytes Directory of G:\ 03/12/2020 12:29 PM <DIR> 0 File(s) 0 bytes IT GOES FOREVER

Ok, the drive thinks there's data but I can't see it. I put the SD card back in the Zoom and try to play it back.

The Zoom can see folders and files AND the interview itself. And the Zoom can play it back. The Zoom is an embedded device with an implementation of the FAT32 file system and it can read it, but Windows can't. Can Linux? Can a Mac?

Short answer. No.

Hacky Note: Since the Zoom can see and play the file and it has a headphone/monitor jack, I could always plug in an analog 1/8" headphone cable to a 1/4" input on my Peavy PV6 Mixer and rescue the audio with some analog quality loss. Why don't I use the USB Audio out feature of the Zoom H6 and play the file back over a digital cable, you ask? Because the Zoom audio player doesn't support that. It supports three modes - SD Card Reader (which is a pass through to Windows and shows me the recursive directories and no files), an Audio pass-through which lets the Zoom look like an audio device to Windows but doesn't show the SD card as a drive or allow the SD Card to be played back over the digital interface, or its main mode where it's recording locally.

It's Forensics Time, Kids.

We have an 32 SD Card - a disk drive as it were - that is standard FAT32 formatted, that has 300-400 megs of a two-channel (Chris and I had two mics) WAV file that was recorded locally by the Zoom H6 audio reorder and I don't want too lose it or mess it up.

I need to take a byte for byte image of what's on the SD Card so I can poke and it and "virtually" mess with with it, change it, fix it, try again, without changing the physical.

"dd" is a command-line utility with a rich and storied history going back 45 years. Even though it means "Data Definition" it'll always be "disk drive" I my head.

How to clone a USB Drive or SD Card to an IMG file on Windows

I have a copy of dd for Windows which lets me get a byte for byte stream/file that represents this SD Card. For example I could get an entire USD device:

dd if=\\?\Device\Harddisk1\Partition0 of=c:\temp\usb2.img bs=1M --size --progress

I need to know the Harddisk number and Partition number as you can see above. I usually use diskpart for this.

>diskpart Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.19041.1 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. On computer: IRONHEART DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 476 GB 0 B * Disk 1 Online 1863 GB 0 B * Disk 2 Online 3725 GB 0 B Disk 3 Online 2794 GB 0 B * Disk 8 Online 29 GB 3072 KB DISKPART> select disk 8 Disk 8 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> list part Partition ### Type Size Offset ------------- ---------------- ------- ------- Partition 1 Primary 29 GB 4096 KB

Looks like it's Disk 8 Partition 1 on my system. Let's get it all before I panic.

dd if=\\?\Device\Harddisk8\Partition1 of=c:\temp\ZOMG.img bs=1M --size --progress

IF and OF are input file and output file, and I will do it for the whole size of the SD Card. It's likely overkill though as we'll see in a second.

This file ended up being totally massive and hard to work with. Remember I needed just the first 400ish megs? I'll chop of just that part.

dd if=ZOMG.img of=SmallerZOMG.img bs=1M count=400

What is this though? Remember it's an image of a File System. It just bytes in a file. It's not a WAV file or a THIS file or a THAT file. I mean, it is if we decide it is, but in fact, a way to think about it is that it's a mangled envelope that is dark when I peer inside it. We're gonna have to feel around and see if we can rebuild a sense of what the contents really are.

Importing Raw Bytes from an IMG into Audition or Audacity

Both Adobe Audition and Audacity are audio apps that have an "Import RAW Data" feature. However, I DO need to tell Audition how to interpret it. There's lots of WAV files out there. How many simples were there? 1 channel? 2 channel? 16 bit or 32 bit? Lots of questions.

Can I just import this 4 gig byte array of a file system and get something?

Looks like something. You can see that the first part there is likely the start of the partition table, file system headers, etc. before audio data shows up. Here's importing as 2 channel.

I can hear voices but they sound like chipmunks and aren't understandable. Something is "doubled." Sample rate? No, I double checked it.

Here's 1 channel raw data import even though I think it's two.

Now THIS is interesting. I can hear audio at normal speed of us talking (after the preamble) BUT it's only a syllable at a time, and then a quieter version of the same syllable repeats. I don't want to (read: can't really) reassemble a 30 min interview from syllables, right?

Remember when I said that the Zoom H6 records a two channel file with one channel per mic? Not really. It records ONE FILE PER CHANNEL. A whateverL.wav and a whateverR.wav. I totally forgot!

This "one channel" file above is actually the bytes as they were laid down on disk, right? It's actually two files written simultaneously, a few kilobytes at a time, L,R,L,R,L,R. And here I am telling my sound software to treat this "byte for byte file system dump" as one file. It's two that were made at the same time.

It's like the Brundlefly. How do I tease it apart? Well I can't treat the array as a raw file anymore, it's not. And I want (really don't have the energy yet) to write my own little app to effectively de-interlace this image. I also don't know if the segment size is perfectly reliable or if it varies as the Zoom recorded.

NOTE: Pete Brown has written about RIFF/WAV files from Sound Devices records having an incorrect FAT32 bit set. This isn't that, but it's in the same family and is worth noting if you ever have an issue with a Broadcast Wave File getting corrupted or looking encrypted.

Whole helping me work this issue, Pete Brown tweeted a hexdump of the Directory Table so you can see the Zoom0001, Zoom0002, etc directories there in the image.

Let me move into Ubuntu on my Windows machine running WSL. Here I can run fdisk and get some sense of what this Image of the bad SD Card is. Remember also that I hacked off the first 0-400 Megs but this IMG file thinks it's a 32gig drive, because it is. It's just that's been aggressively truncated.

$ fdisk -u -l SmallerZOMG.img Disk SmallerZOMG.img: 400 MiB, 419430400 bytes, 819200 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type SmallerZOMG.img1 8192 61157375 61149184 29.2G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

Maybe I can "mount" this IMG? I make a folder on Ubuntu/WSL2 called ~/recovery. Yikes, ok there's nothing there. I can take the sector size 512 times the Start block of 8192 and use that as the offset.

sudo mount -o loop,offset=4194304 SmallerShit.img recover/ $ cd recover/ $ ll total 68 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 32768 Dec 31 1969 ./

Ali Mosajjal thinks perhaps "they re-wrote the FAT32 structure definition and didn't use a standard library and made a mistake," and Leandro Pereria postulates "what could happen is that the LFN (long file name) checksum is invalid and they didn't bother filling in the 8.3 filename... so that complying implementations of VFAT tries to look at the fallback 8.3 name, it's all spaces and figures out "it's all padding, move along."

Ali suggested running dosfsck on the mounted image and you can see again that the files are there, but there's like 3 root entries? Note I've done a cat of /proc/mounts to see the loop that my img is mounted on so I can refer to it in the dosfsck command.

$ sudo dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/loop3 fsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24) Checking we can access the last sector of the filesystem Boot sector contents: System ID " " Media byte 0xf8 (hard disk) 512 bytes per logical sector 32768 bytes per cluster 1458 reserved sectors First FAT starts at byte 746496 (sector 1458) 2 FATs, 32 bit entries 3821056 bytes per FAT (= 7463 sectors) Root directory start at cluster 2 (arbitrary size) Data area starts at byte 8388608 (sector 16384) 955200 data clusters (31299993600 bytes) 63 sectors/track, 255 heads 8192 hidden sectors 61149184 sectors total Checking file / Checking file / Checking file / Checking file /System Volume Information (SYSTEM~1) Checking file /. Checking file /.. Checking file /ZOOM0001 Checking file /ZOOM0002 Checking file /ZOOM0003 Checking file /ZOOM0001/. Checking file /ZOOM0001/.. Checking file /ZOOM0001/ZOOM0001.hprj (ZOOM00~1.HPR) Checking file /ZOOM0001/ZOOM0001_LR.WAV (ZOOM00~1.WAV) Checking file /ZOOM0002/. Checking file /ZOOM0002/.. Checking file /ZOOM0002/ZOOM0002.hprj (ZOOM00~1.HPR) Checking file /ZOOM0002/ZOOM0002_Tr1.WAV (ZOOM00~1.WAV) Checking file /ZOOM0002/ZOOM0002_Tr2.WAV (ZOOM00~2.WAV) Checking file /ZOOM0003/. Checking file /ZOOM0003/.. Checking file /ZOOM0003/ZOOM0003.hprj (ZOOM00~1.HPR) Checking file /ZOOM0003/ZOOM0003_Tr1.WAV (ZOOM00~1.WAV) Checking file /ZOOM0003/ZOOM0003_Tr2.WAV (ZOOM00~2.WAV) Checking file /System Volume Information/. Checking file /System Volume Information/.. Checking file /System Volume Information/WPSettings.dat (WPSETT~1.DAT) Checking file /System Volume Information/ClientRecoveryPasswordRotation (CLIENT~1) Checking file /System Volume Information/IndexerVolumeGuid (INDEXE~1) Checking file /System Volume Information/AadRecoveryPasswordDelete (AADREC~1) Checking file /System Volume Information/ClientRecoveryPasswordRotation/. Checking file /System Volume Information/ClientRecoveryPasswordRotation/.. Checking file /System Volume Information/AadRecoveryPasswordDelete/. Checking file /System Volume Information/AadRecoveryPasswordDelete/.. Checking for bad clusters.

We can see them, but can't get at them with the vfat file system driver on Linux or with Windows.

The DUMP.exe util as part of mtools for Windows is amazing but I'm unable to figure out what is wrong in the FAT32 file table. I can run minfo on the Linux command land telling it to skip 8192 sectors in with the @@offset modifier:

$ minfo -i ZOMG.img@@8192S device information: =================== filename="ZOMG.img" sectors per track: 63 heads: 255 cylinders: 3807 mformat command line: mformat -T 61149184 -i ZOMG.img@@8192S -h 255 -s 63 -H 8192 :: bootsector information ====================== banner:" " sector size: 512 bytes cluster size: 64 sectors reserved (boot) sectors: 1458 fats: 2 max available root directory slots: 0 small size: 0 sectors media descriptor byte: 0xf8 sectors per fat: 0 sectors per track: 63 heads: 255 hidden sectors: 8192 big size: 61149184 sectors physical drive id: 0x80 reserved=0x0 dos4=0x29 serial number: 04030201 disk label=" " disk type="FAT32 " Big fatlen=7463 Extended flags=0x0000 FS version=0x0000 rootCluster=2 infoSector location=1 backup boot sector=6 Infosector: signature=0x41615252 free clusters=944648 last allocated cluster=10551

Ok, now we've found yet ANOTHER way to mount this corrupted file system. With mtools we'll use mdir to list the root directory. Note there is something wrong enough that I have to set mtools_skip_check=1 to ~/.mtoolsrc and continue.

$ mdir -i ZOMG.img@@8192S :: Total number of sectors (61149184) not a multiple of sectors per track (63)! Add mtools_skip_check=1 to your .mtoolsrc file to skip this test $ pico ~/.mtoolsrc $ mdir -i ZOMG.img@@8192S :: Volume in drive : is Volume Serial Number is 0403-0201 Directory for ::/ <DIR> 2020-03-12 12:29 1 file 0 bytes 30 954 225 664 bytes free

Same result. I can run mdu and see just a few folders. Note the ZOOMxxxx ones are missing here

$ mdu -i ZOMG.img@@8192S :: ::/System Volume Information/ClientRecoveryPasswordRotation 1 ::/System Volume Information/AadRecoveryPasswordDelete 1 ::/System Volume Information 5 ::/ 6

Now, ideally I want to achieve two things here.

Know WHY it's broken and exactly WHAT is wrong.

There's a nameless root directory here and I lack the patience and skill to manually hexdump and patch it.

Be able to copy the files out "normally" by mounting the IMG and, well, copying them out.

UPDATE #1 - I'm back after a few minutes of thinking again. If I do the 512*8192 offset again and visualize the FAT32 table in Hexdump/xxd like this:

xxd -seek 4194304 ZOMG.img | more 00400000: eb00 9020 2020 2020 2020 2000 0240 b205 ... ..@.. 00400010: 0200 0000 00f8 0000 3f00 ff00 0020 0000 ........?.... .. 00400020: 0010 a503 271d 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ....'........... 00400030: 0100 0600 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00400040: 8000 2901 0203 0420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..).... 00400050: 2020 4641 5433 3220 2020 0000 0000 0000 FAT32 ...... 00400060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00400070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00400080: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00400090: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 004000a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 004000b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 004000c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................

I can see I seek'ed to the right spot, as the string FAT32 is just hanging out. Maybe I can clip out this table and visualize it in a better graphical tool.

I could grab a reasonable (read: arbitrary) chunk from this offset and put it in a very small manageable file:

dd if=ZOMG.img ibs=1 skip=4194304 count=64000 > another.img

And then load it in dump.exe on Windows which is really a heck of a tool. It seems to be thinking thinking there's multiple FAT Root Entries (which might be why I'm seeing this weird ghost root). Note the "should be" parts as well.

FAT Root Entry (non LFN) (0x00000000) Name: ··· Extension: Attribute: 0x00 FAT12:reserved: 02 40 B2 05 02 00 00 00 00 F8 FAT32:reserved: 02 FAT32:creation 10th: 0x40 FAT32:creation time: 0x05B2 FAT32:creation date: 0x0002 FAT32:last accessed: 0x0000 FAT32:hi word start cluster: 0xF800 Time: 0x0000 (00:00:00) (hms) Date: 0x003F (1980/01/31) (ymd) Starting Cluster: 0x00FF (0xF80000FF) File Size: 8192 FAT Root Entry (non LFN) (0x00000020) Name: ····'··· Extension: ··· Attribute: 0x00 FAT12:reserved: 02 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 FAT32:reserved: 02 FAT32:creation 10th: 0x00 FAT32:creation time: 0x0000 FAT32:creation date: 0x0001 FAT32:last accessed: 0x0006 FAT32:hi word start cluster: 0x0000 Time: 0x0000 (00:00:00) (hms) Date: 0x0000 (1980/00/00) (ymd) Starting Cluster: 0x0000 (0x00000000) <--- should be 0x0002 or higher. File Size: 0 FAT Root Entry (non LFN) (0x00000040) Name: ··)···· Extension: Attribute: 0x20 Archive FAT12:reserved: 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 33 FAT32:reserved: 20 FAT32:creation 10th: 0x20 FAT32:creation time: 0x2020 FAT32:creation date: 0x2020 FAT32:last accessed: 0x4146 FAT32:hi word start cluster: 0x3354 Time: 0x2032 (04:01:18) (hms) Date: 0x2020 (1996/01/00) (ymd) Starting Cluster: 0x0000 (0x33540000) File Size: 0 FAT Root Entry (non LFN) (0x00000060) Name: ········ Extension: ··· Attribute: 0x00 FAT12:reserved: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FAT32:reserved: 00 FAT32:creation 10th: 0x00 FAT32:creation time: 0x0000 FAT32:creation date: 0x0000 FAT32:last accessed: 0x0000 FAT32:hi word start cluster: 0x0000 Time: 0x0000 (00:00:00) (hms) Date: 0x0000 (1980/00/00) (ymd) Starting Cluster: 0x0000 (0x00000000) <--- should be 0x0002 or higher. File Size: 0 FAT Root Entry (non LFN) (0x00000080) Name: ········ Extension: ··· Attribute: 0x00 FAT12:reserved: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FAT32:reserved: 00 FAT32:creation 10th: 0x00 FAT32:creation time: 0x0000 FAT32:creation date: 0x0000 FAT32:last accessed: 0x0000 FAT32:hi word start cluster: 0x0000 Time: 0x0000 (00:00:00) (hms) Date: 0x0000 (1980/00/00) (ymd) Starting Cluster: 0x0000 (0x00000000) <--- should be 0x0002 or higher. File Size: 0 FAT32 Info Block (0x00000000) sig: 0x209000EB (' ···') [1] <--- should be 0x41615252. reserved: 00000004 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00-02 40 B2 05 02 00 00 00 .........@...... 00000014 00 F8 00 00 3F 00 FF 00-00 20 00 00 00 10 A5 03 ....?........... 00000024 27 1D 00 00 00 00 00 00-02 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 '............... 00000034 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 80 00 29 01 ..............). 00000044 02 03 04 20 20 20 20 20-20 20 20 20 20 20 46 41 ..............FA 00000054 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 T32.............

The most confusing part is that the FAT32 signature - the magic number is always supposed to be 0x41615252. Google that. You'll see. It's a hardcoded signature but maybe I've got the wrong offset and at that point all bets are off.

So do I have that? I can search a binary file for Hex values with a combo of xxd and grep. Note the byte swap:

xxd another.img | grep "6141" 00000200: 5252 6141 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 RRaA............ 00000e00: 5252 6141 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 RRaA............

Just before this is 55 AA which is the last two bytes of the 64 byte partition table.

Now do I have two FAT32 info blocks and three Root Entries? I'm lost. I'll update this part as I learn more.

7zip all the things

Here's where it gets weird and it got so weird that both Pete Brown and I were like, WELL. THAT'S AMAZING.

On a whim I right-clicked the IMG file and opened it in 7zip and saw this.

See that directory there that's a nothing? A space? A something. It has no Short Name. It's an invalid entry but 7zip is cool with it. Let's go in. Watch the path and the \\. That's a path separator, nothing, and another path separator. That's not allowed or OK but again, 7zip is chill.

I dragged the files out and they're fine! The day is saved.

The moral? There are a few I can see.

Re-format the random SD cards you get from Amazon specifically on the device you're gonna use them.

FAT as a spec has a bunch of stuff that different "drivers" (Windows, VFAT, etc) may ignore or elide over or just not implement.

I've got 85% of the knowledge I need to spelunk something like this but that last 15% is a brick wall. I would need more patience and to read more about this.

Knowing how to do this is useful for any engineer. It's the equivalent of knowing how to drive a stick shift in an emergency even if you usually use Lyft.

I'm clearly not an expert but I do have a mental model that includes (but not limited to) bytes on the physical media, the file system itself, file tables, directory tables, partition tables, how they kinda work on Linux and Windows.

I clearly hit a wall as I know what I want to do but I'm not sure the next step.

There's a bad Directory Table Entry. I want to rename it and make sure it's complete and to spec.

7zip is amazing. Try it first for basically everything.

Ideally I'd be able to update this post with exactly what byte is wrong and how to fix it. Thanks to Ali, Pete, and Leandro for playing with me!

Your thoughts? (If you made it this far the truncated IMG of the 32 gig SD is here (500 megs) but you might have to pad it out with zeros to make some tools like it.

Oh, and listen to https://hanselminutes.com/ as the interview was great and it's coming soon!

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CSI: The case of the missing WAV audio files on the FAT32 SD Card published first on https://deskbysnafu.tumblr.com/

0 notes

philipholt · 5 years ago