#all this to develop the most comprehensive review of course

[robobee]

sooo tempted to go over td3 with 5 different highlighters and make note of each character arc and dropped plot point and COUNT how many times each character was relevant after their deaths AND how much information is either outright contradictory or eyebrow raisingly random

edit: actually, a book club of a few people reading at the same time (SLOW, like 1-3 chapters a week/x chapters per month) where we can discuss it as we go.. I'm sooo down for that 👁 it would make the experience bearable certainly

[patroxlos]

home base . ch8

"friends who are for the people" - 6.7k words

ultraman: rising (2024). kenji sato x reader

master post. ao3 link.

previous: ch7. "friends who use their phones in bed"

next: [SOON]

When you said you were busy with your own things, you meant it.

You have your own fun when Kenji is not around.

---

Dr. Onda has a special ability to be the most imposing person in the room.

Even in front of a long panel of the most important figures in Tokyo, he intimidates with the glare from his shades and his permanent frown. His second-in-command is much more approachable with his youthful face and calm but reliable demeanor, but Captain Aoshima can only do so much with his digestible powerpoint slides and well-crafted charts to lessen the heavy air of the room.

“...and you can see in this graph, that with your help, the KDF has managed to expand our fleet to tackle airborne kaiju. Our aviators have suffered less injuries due to the fortification of our aircrafts, and we are able to more efficiently terminate kaiju with our updated munitions. Any questions?” Captain Aoshima glances around the room to check whether the board was following.

They only nod, some casting glances towards Dr. Onda as he stood at the side to monitor his assistant’s presentation. The KDF’s board is composed of some of the most decorated war veterans, politicians, and arms dealers in the country, yet all are wary towards the senior researcher.

All except you.

“Captain, I have a question,” You say. You look up from the comprehensive board report they had passed around earlier, neat inside a plain black folio. “You discussed that the updated munitions arming the refurbished planes are necessary for more efficient ejection of projectiles, correct?”

“Yes, Director.”

You swallow.

You don’t think you earned the title compared to the others seated at the long table–this being your first board meeting, after all–but you let it go. They will sense weakness if you do not appear more confident. You continue your line of inquiry. “The report states that we have not introduced new projectiles in the armory within the quarter, yet based on the most recent kaiju attack, I have noticed that your fleets utilized non-lethal tranquilizers on the target. I reviewed the previous reports from the past five years and there has not been any mention about the research and development of such. May I ask why there was this omission?”

Murmurs broke out amongst your fellow board members. You keep your eyes trained at the commanding captain. He does not seem fazed at all by your question; he merely turns to look at Dr. Onda, who nods back, for permission to answer.

“Yes, Director. The tranquilizers were not mentioned in the quarterly review because they were not a recent development nor acquisition. They have been archived in our inventory for a better part of two decades. However, I can assure that our aviation ordnancemen checked prior to its use whether they are still effective as they were when they were first developed.”

You cross-check the provided digital database, manipulating the holographic screen. The inventory displays the potent tranquilizers. You skim over the document, pausing momentarily when you catch a line of text stating ‘Developer: Dr. Emiko Sato.’ You swipe away from the tab.

“Why take out old tranquilizers from storage for this specific kaiju?” You inquire.

“It was imperative for us to take this Kaiju alive.”

At the corner of your eye, you notice the Chairman of the Board stand up from his seat. Of course, as he is also Japan’s Minister of Defense, he has the most interest in increasing the KDF’s productivity. “And for what reason did you feel it was necessary to keep that kaiju alive?! I thought we agreed that the infrastructural costs outweigh the necessity to study these monsters?”

With a flick of his wrist, the Minister pushes one of the holographic screens to the center of the room. It plays the footage of that abnormally small, pink kaiju that ran through the streets a week prior. You see yourself on the screen get picked up, and you get phantom pains on your body as you remember how constricting the hold of that kaiju was. The stares of the other directors stab into your skin as they also recognize you from the footage.

Before anyone else can make a comment, Dr. Onda steps forward. The Minister falls back down on his chair, startled that the man has decided to finally speak after two hours in the boardroom.

“Captain Aoshima, thank you. I will take over the presentation for now.” He commands attention despite not raising his voice. Even if his eyes are covered, even you can feel the wuthering stare he sends towards the Minister. “Minister, while I respect your position as Chairman of the Board, I don’t think it is part of your responsibilities to scold my subordinates. Let your grievances out towards me.”

While the panel is silenced due to fear, you instead are stricken with respect for the older man. You appreciate how he takes care of his workers. Although, you still have your own job to do.

“Very well, Dr. Onda,” you speak up and everyone’s focus is now back on you. “Does this kaiju have anything to do with your current updates on Project Surrogate?”

He actually looks impressed, and you try not to look too pleased about his nod of approval. “Yes. I will move the presentation along towards it.”

The screen in front of you now presents a concise, bulleted summary of action points that Project Surrogate aims to achieve. This isn’t new to the panel, and the project needs no introduction. After all, it has been in development for the past five years, and most of taxpayer money being invested in the KDF has went towards it.

Project Surrogate’s main objective echoes that of the KDF’s original purpose: to locate Kaiju Island. It is hinged on the long-standing theory that Kaijus exhibit homing behavior towards their island of origin. Since it has been notoriously difficult to track adult Kaiju to the island, Project Surrogate hypothesizes that infant Kaiju might make it easier. The KDF has spent nearly half a decade trying to find proof of juvenile kaiju, until they finally stumbled onto a nest.

You have studied all of the declassified information on the project, yet even with your clearance level, you and the Board are kept out of the loop from Dr. Onda’s plans.

“We have seen this slide before,” you say, a bit frustrated as you stare at the screen. “Can we skip towards the project’s developments?”

Bowing slightly to your direction, he acquiesces to your request and switches to the photo of Gigantron, Queen of the Kaiju. Stepping forward, he begins his presentation. “Project Surrogate has made large progress since we have discovered the nest of Gigantron at the town of Oshima, by its coast. It has confirmed for us that kaiju, or in particular Gigantron, do not necessarily lay eggs nor reproduce exclusively in their island. The evidence in the surrounding area suggests that this is not the first time Gigantron has laid her eggs there.”

“Is it possible that Gigantron has natal homing?” You ignore the murmurs of confusion around you, but you do spot a few board members rolling their eyes at your display of proficiency.

You’re trying too hard to impress others, they think. Everything you do is performative. At your core, you’re just as dumb and vapid as everyone says you are.

“Indeed,” Dr. Onda nods your way. “This display of migratory behavior brings us closer towards finding Kaiju Island, as the infant would soon be instinctively motivated to fly away from our territory.”

The slide changes to the baby kaiju, and the pieces begin falling in place for the Board. The egg had hatched, and the kaiju has been alive for a few months at the moment. You raise another question. “Has the child been in KDF custody this entire time? Can you explain why it was allowed to roam the streets of Tokyo?”

“Unfortunately, the egg was stolen from us by Ultraman, and it had hatched under his control.”

Loud, outraged murmurs broke out amongst the board. Ultraman? Isn’t he supposed to be on our side?

 “Wait, Dr. Onda,” the Minister says. “So, even after the Tokyo fiasco, Ultraman still has custody over the kaiju?”

“Yes.”

A gruff-looking general shouts “Then doesn’t that mean Project Surrogate is a bust?”

“Hardly.” Even at the face of angry investors, Dr. Onda keeps his cool. He simply changes the slide to show an image of Ultraman cradling the kaiju against his chest while he hangs from the side of Tokyo Tower. Chills run down your spine. It is as if Ultraman was in the room himself, staring down everyone with a righteous fury.

Like a mother holding her child close, baring her teeth at the dangers that creep near.

“Due to Ultraman letting the kaiju loose on the streets, we have learned that the baby is capable of echolocation. It is possible that adult kaiju use echolocation at a frequency our sensors fail to pick up, but this child uses it as clear as day. Once we recapture the kaiju from Ultraman, we can set it free to the ocean and follow it towards Kaiju Island.”

As Dr. Onda finishes relaying the plan to the room, murmurs of approval soon broke the silence. The plan is reasonable, but you still remained unconvinced that he is telling you everything. You open the quarter report again, this time towards the expenditures for Project Surrogate.

“The plan does not seem clear to me yet, Dr. Onda. How sure are we that the KDF will be able to track the kaiju as it navigates through open waters?” You probe.

“I’m afraid I cannot disclose that for now,” He dodges your question.

“And what about the amount of lithium and uranium in the itemized budget? If you wanted to make bombs I would prefer it if you declare it.”

“We are making bombs, that is nothing new at the KDF. That is as much declaration I can make,” he dismisses your concern.

“So you do have a more thorough plan that you are not telling us about?”

“For two decades, the KDF and its Board of Directors have operated together with a strong sense of trust. You might not be familiar with it now, since this is your first meeting with us as a board member, but soon you will be.”

“But—” Shit. You are getting a little frazzled as he points out your inexperience. “Okay, that’s beside the point. What about Ultraman? The continuation of this project hinges on the KDF tracking his location, but he remains an elusive figure to the Japanese people.”

Dr. Onda gestures towards the Minister of Defense. “We will double down our efforts into tracking him, and we are encouraging the people to send to our tip line any sightings of the vigilante. Our chairman has been most helpful in declaring Ultraman persona non grata.”

“With much public backlash,” the Minister comments.

Another board member pipes in. “Ultraman is seen as a Japanese icon. The favorability of KDF has been declining steadily in the past several months, but it has been crashing to the gutter ever since the announcement that Ultraman is wanted.”

The meeting is getting derailed as the Board grows restless with the lack of direction in the KDF, exposed by you. You are starting to wonder whether you should have just sat there and listened like the others were.

Soon it ends, and everyone begins to shuffle out of the board room. You personally bow to each of the board members before they leave, half of them sizing you up but the rest giving you their blessings for being part of the team. Either way, your stomach turns.

You approach Captain Aoshima, and do the same bow towards him. “Thank you for that presentation, Captain. I look forward to seeing more of you in the future.”

“Likewise,” he returns the courtesy, though after he rises from his bow he fiddles with his pockets. “Actually, before you leave, ah– sorry, this is a bit unprofessional.”

You already have a feeling on what he is going to ask, but it still humors you slightly that he is breaking a bit of his respectful decorum that you know him for. You glance around the room, and the only people left are you, the captain and Dr. Onda. At least no one else is there to make fun of what you’re about to do. “Sure, we can take a photo.”

Aoshima brightens significantly. “Thank you, my daughter would be thrilled. Is it okay if you record a greeting as well? It’s her birthday soon.”

“She knows who I am?” Your eyes widen.

He thinks you’re being too modest. “She used to follow you before you deleted your accounts.”

“Then, it’s no problem! Sorry if I might seem a bit awkward. I haven’t done this in a while so I’m a bit rusty,” you laugh nervously.

You take his phone from his hands, angling the camera for a self-photo with him at your side. The recording goes just as smoothly, with you giving a small pep talk on how his daughter should focus on her studies. Captain Aoshima bows in gratitude, glowing with the excitement of a father who will do anything in the world for his kids.

Dr. Onda watches as his assistant leaves the room, leaving you and him alone. Swallowing your nervousness, you turn to the man and give a respectful bow. “Thank you for the meeting, Dr. Onda. The KDF remains safe in your hands.”

His silence makes you a bit more nervous. It is one thing for you to conduct a thorough interrogation during a quarterly board meeting, it is another making small-talk.

“I’ll…be going?” You try to have a smooth exit, but he raises his hand to signal you to stay.

“I was never fond of businessmen meddling with the organization,” he says, matter-of-fact.

“Well…Motsubishi prides itself in our social involvement—”

“Spare me the sales pitch, your father has done a lot of that when he served on the board,” he interrupts you. “I doubt you believe weapons development equates to welfare.”

“We only make it to the KDF,” you immediately rebut.

“Not fond of the dirtier sides of the business? Isn’t this what you’ve studied?” He raises an eyebrow at you.

You pocket your hands into your slacks. “I’m not entirely fond of profiting from war.”

“Would you call our fight against kaiju a war?”

“...You’re testing me.” You click your tongue. “Please, Dr. Onda.”

“You used to call me ‘Uncle’, when you played with Akiko.”

The room grows a little colder.

“Have you seen Hayao lately?” He changes topic, turning away from you.

“Can’t say I have, but I’ve seen him a couple of times since the incident,” you admit.

He gives a hum of acknowledgement.

“His knee is getting better, not that you asked,” you inform him, stepping forward to stand by his side. You look ahead as you speak. “I think…I think Kenji is taking care of him? Not sure, I didn’t get to confirm, but Emiko…before she disappeared…she told me that he flew all the way here just to take care of the Professor. It took a bit but I think they’re finally talking.”

It’s quiet again, for a moment. “And…Ultraman?”

“I…I don’t know who it is now, I’m sorry,” you don’t know why you are apologizing.

Dr. Onda merely sighs.

You turn to face him properly. “He doesn’t blame you, you know. For his knee.”

“I never asked for his forgiveness.” His face is steel, not betraying a hint of emotion. You see your worried face in the reflection of his shades. “Nor do I feel any sort of guilt.”

“You didn’t know he was Ultraman—”

“And even if I did, I still would have ordered the shot.”

You suck in a breath through your teeth.

“And I don’t make it a habit to shoot at superheroes. Ultraman was interfering with an official KDF extraction. It was necessary.” He remains stone-faced.

“You let him go.”

He walks away from you to another side of the room as he dismissively waves you off. “A mistake.”

“Admit it. You saw his crumpled body on the ground and you just let him go.” You follow, hot on his heels.

You nearly ram into him when he briskly stops in his tracks to turn to you. “I saw the crumpled body of my daughter’s killer and decided I wouldn’t stoop down to his level.”

“He is only one man.” You run a hand through your hair.

“Ultraman is not my enemy, but if he proves to be a nuisance that hinders us from achieving some peace in our shores, then I am not against making him one,” he booms. The conviction of his words might have shaken you, but you notice his shoulders sag slightly, defeated.

You cross your arms, tucking them close to your torso. “That’s…that’s one thing I agree on.”

“...Thank you.” You can tell he means it.

“The new Ultraman…he still needs to grow on me,” you divulge. “He kind of acts like some young hotshot. Seems pretty immature.”

“It’ll be easy to track him down then. But Hayao…he must have taught his new protégé all he knows about how to hide himself.”

“Doctor, you know that I am dedicated to help the KDF in anyway I can,” you affirm.

He raises an eyebrow at you. “Even if it means going against your tutor?”

“I think we and Ultraman have the same goal,” you answer. “We all want to be able to keep the people of this city safe. I don’t know how useful I can be to Ultraman’s cause but I know that I can affect real change here in the KDF. Like how Emiko used to.”

He’s a bit unsatisfied with your reply, but his lips almost twitch into a smile at your, as he calls it, misguided idealism. “You should also go by Doctor, then.”

You wince at the title.

“I’ll pass.” Even if you did recently graduate, it feels like a brag. It does not help that most of the internet thinks you’re lying when you discuss your educational background.

“Receiving a doctorate at 26 is no easy feat. You deserve to be acknowledged for it,” he coolly praises you. The flattery is getting to you a bit, but you still avoid letting it seep in.

“Doesn’t seem to matter much to others,” you dismiss his words. “I’ve tried so hard to distance myself from my old image. I deleted all my social media. I have placed full attention into preparing myself for what I’m about to inherit and I’m still…It still isn’t enough.”

Dr. Onda pushes his shoulders back. “The media play against you has been rampant since you were younger. It is hard to push back against such schemes.”

At eighteen, you formally entered society.

At eighteen, you had the world at your fingertips.

At eighteen, your father officially named you as his successor. He did not have much of a choice, given that you were his only one.

At eighteen, you made enemies who to this day are intent that you stay far away from the title Chief Executive Officer.

“My dad’s officially retiring within the month.”

“I’ve received the invitation to your welcoming gala,” he states. “Congratulations. While I’m not fond of public outings, since your father personally requested my appearance, I cannot say no.”

“I need a win.” Your arms fall to your sides, hands balling into fists. “I refuse to be driven out of the company my family built.”

His shades reflect a small flash of light. “Is this the purpose of our chat?”

“Project Surrogate. I need this to work. If the KDF can get stronger public approval I can solidify my position.”

“I can’t guarantee anything,” he warns you. “And I’m not doing this to satisfy anyone’s greed for power. This is for the people.”

“Because of the kaiju, I got separated from my best friend.” You place a hand over your heart. “And he grew up without a father. Believe me. My ambitions are here but I am fully committed to making this work.”

His hands clasp behind his back. “All I ask is for trust— an understanding, that I am using your investments for the greater good.”

You grin. “Where do I sign?”

A/N: hello … I’m not dead :D

And yes you are pro-KDF for now :D I think Dr. Onda is such a cool and well-written antagonist. DYK in early Ultraman he actually does just straight up kill the kaiju. From a utilitarian standpoint, kaiju are an invasive species. They’re not inherently bad but they don’t belong in the environment they are in. (I watch a lot of those lion fish exterminator tiktoks…)

If you saw on my Tumblr I posted a WIP snippet of what was supposed to go into this chapter, but ultimately I decided that maybe having a portion that focused solely on adding more context to who the reader is would help push the story forward. You go by a lot of different names around these parts! But next chapter would have too much Ken to make up for his absence here! The WIP I posted will be moved to ch10 as well :>

Since I’ve already finished a portion of the next chapter and it’s ready to publish in no time, as it’s a direct continuation from chapter 8’s flashback, here’s a snippet of its introduction so you know what’s in store!

——-

You hear a rapid knocking on the door.

You don’t register it at first, your head pounding from waking up too early. The only thing you can sense is Ken’s warm back against your bare chest, your hands around his waist. You press your face against the back of his neck, groaning at the hour. “Kenji, S’noisy.”

You feel his body shift, and he shrugs you off. “Y’face too cold…”

You just bite his shoulder and tug him closer. He lets you.

Soon, the knocking stops, but Kenji’s phone rings from the bedside table. Groaning, he blindly reaches for it to take the call, and you whine when he shifts in your hold. You realize that you won’t be able to get any sleep, so your eye cracks open to check the clock.

2:17 AM.

Now who—

“Kenji? Kenji are you awake? I’m outside your door. Please let me in.”

You both bolt up when you hear Emiko Sato’s voice from the phone. You slap his back to get him moving. “The sofa,” you hiss, lowering your voice.

Both of you struggle to keep quiet as you rush to find your clothes. Ken quickly pulls out the sofabed, and tosses rumpled blankets onto it to give an illusion that he’s been there the entire time. You find the bra he tossed away earlier on top of a nearby lamp. He grabs an air freshener can to spray lightly across the room— not too much for it to be obvious.

Ken opens the door just after you dive back into the covers, pretending to be asleep.

---

lmk if u want to be on the taglist for future chapters ty!

[successinsider]

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[languagedaemon]

Comprehensible Input IV: Learning and Acquisition

Another of the fundamental points of Stephen Krashen’s comprehensible input hypothesis is the difference between learning* (the formal study and memorization of grammatical rules and other structural issues of a language) and acquisition (the intuitive and gradual assimilation of the language). This is one of the features that separates it most from traditional methods of teaching a language, which tend to prefer learning and think that mastery will come from that, whereas Krashen would respond that the benefits of this are rather secondary, and that the real progress comes from the learner’s mere interaction with the language, and that, in a course designed around learning, it is not as intensive as it might be in other strategies.

Learning is actually what is done in the vast majority of language courses, books and apps. Grammar topics are explained, exercises are designed to employ those rules, quizzes, it also includes the use of vocabulary lists, flashcards, memorizing triggers, etc. Acquisition is what is going on behind the scenes, the words that the learner is adding to his vocabulary and can understand and use effortlessly, the sentence structures that come out of his mouth automatically and easily, the development of a certain intuition and rhythm: Sprachgefühl.

There is a clear difference between these two dimensions, and confusing them can lead to frustration and doubt in learners. It is one thing to study the rules of the subjunctive and quite another to assimilate its use and be able to produce or understand it when it appears in a text or conversation. The idea of courses based on the formal study of grammar is to assume that this study will lead to mastery. In other words, it is traditionally considered that learning is what fosters acquisition, that the way to be able to understand and produce a certain grammatical structure is to study the topic to which it belongs, to see the explanatory table, to do exercises, to review it from time to time; in short, that the study of a grammar topic is equivalent to its mastery. This way of looking at things is a bit suspicious.

I think of my history with German, a language I studied for five years with a special emphasis on the study of grammar rules. At a certain stage I was able to remember many rules, to the point that I could see the mechanism of the language in its, I think, almost totality. But it was a very different thing to be able to employ all that correctness when speaking. I still remember the endless times when my teacher would show me two fingers to remind me of the Position II of the verb, which I had just messed up.

It so happened that although I had studied many grammatical rules and could understand them and even recite them by heart, I had not really assimilated them. I knew perfectly well, and if they asked me in an exam I would answer it correctly every time, that the Position II of the verb had to be respected, and yet every time I spoke I could not produce it, it was simply not in me. I knew the rule but I did not have assimilated it.

A very different case was my experience with English, a language I learned through audio-visual content, books, music, and of which, even until now, I know very little about its rules and grammatical structures. However, after Spanish, it is the language I have mastered the most, to the point that understanding and producing it is something natural and simple for me. It is because all those grammatical rules, which are operating in the content with which I interacted, were deposited in me, sedimented, like following the rhythm of a percussion, and little by little, without the need to study them formally, they became an intuitive and secure part of my English.

If you think about it, what percentage of native speakers know and can explain the grammatical rules of their own language, and why those who can’t, nevertheless are able to speak and understand it perfectly well?

*I think it is a bit confusing to use the term learning, because it is too general. I would have preferred formal study or something along those lines.

[tigerlilycorinne]

Is It Bad If My Gums Bleed When I Floss? Review:

10/10!! Or: 5 stars out of 5!

(Yes, it is bad if your gums bleed when you floss.)

This poetry collection is utterly stunning. It gathers together so many ideas that I love to see written about (including but not limited to: the entanglement of love, desire, pain, grief, trauma and healing, and the tragedy of memory and lost youth) into one incredible, cohesive, and connected experience. It follows a dental student, Netty, through her life, from childhood crushes and naivete to sexual desire and sexual trauma, to a beautiful point even with this pain with the love of her life. It is a breathtaking experience, the kind of work you have to be curled up with, at a time and place where it’s possible for you to put it down and close your eyes and breathe deeply before you keep reading. It made me cry multiple times, at this intersection between recognition, tragedy, and joy. I’m happy for Netty and heartbroken for her and everything in between. These poems portray Netty’s humanity in such an intimate, honest, and internal way.

As someone who doesn’t read poetry that often, I was absolutely delighted to understand the narrative that runs through each poem: it is understandable, never confusing, and never so on the nose that it feels like spoon feeding. It gives so much meaning without getting tangled in cross-metaphor, it paints vivid emotion without becoming melodramatic, it draws striking images without getting stuck in descriptive tangent, and it is heartbreakingly earnest without ever crossing into cliche. Behind each pause, space, repeated phrase, and bolded letter is a careful intent—Blue is an artist creating the most authentic and meaningful art-experience with deliberation and rhythm; someone who knows how to best communicate experience in a way that’s both receivable and gut wrenching. Each poem feels essential to the work as a whole; the collection is infinitely more than the sum of its parts because each poem is so deeply interconnected with each other poem: Netty wouldn’t be the same without every single entry.

It is about so many things—exploration of the development of queer desire and comp-het, the way a trauma follows you and the strength it takes to live and love even if it cannot leave you, and, of course, teeth—but most of all it feels like a comprehensively tragic and hopeful collection about the heartbreaking process of growing up. It is steeped in grief for Netty herself. For the Netty before she learned the bad things of the world. It is full of sadness and still recognizes that everyone moves through this loss of innocence; everyone begins wishing their baby teeth meant something more to someone (“I guess I just wanted it to mean more to you / than it did.” (“2004”)) and ends up aware of the darker ideas surrounding keeping a child’s teeth (“I think I get it—what kind of / person / keeps a child’s teeth?” (“Daddy”)). Everyone makes mistakes, or gets taken advantage of, and finds a way to blame themselves, and everyone mourns and misses who they were before the pain. Ultimately, this poetry collection feels to me like an extensive, difficult, beautiful journey to find who Netty is not outside or minus her sadness and her self-grief, but who she is with it. It’s about finding love that doesn’t evoke gore and destruction.

Though it’s difficult to pick favorite poems in a collection that feels as if each poem is most valuable next to each other poem in the collection, I’d have to pick “Career Day,” “Adolescence,” “Anthropophagus,” “Apostrophe,” “Sticky,” “Butterbugs” “Coffee Stains,” and “Things That Don’t Mean Anything At All” (it should say something that I had to list THIS MANY favorite poems). Each made me take a breath before I kept reading. I’m absolutely in love with every one of them.

I love this dearly and I will never forget it.

If you want to pre-order it, go here

If you want to read its goodreads listing go here

[fluralbannach]

Art Course and Artist Research

All art courses are different, and various opportunities and knowledge are available. However, in this blog post, I’ll discuss the courses I am interested in. Most of these courses will be at Gray’s School of Art in Aberdeen, Scotland. 

Gray's School Of Art provides a student-centred curriculum in fine art and design to empower the next generation of creative graduates. The curriculum encourages collaboration, exhibitions, international field study trips, and entrepreneurial skills. Graduates often set up businesses or pursue further studies, fostering a supportive environment for innovative thinkers to express their uniqueness and make positive changes.

Course 1 - Foundation in Art and Design (BA (Hons))

The foundation curriculum offers a comprehensive first-year experience that explores subject areas through creative activities and opportunities. It encourages exploration, collaboration, and experimentation with ideas. The curriculum applies newfound knowledge to real-world situations, developing a deeper understanding of creativity, critical thinking, and sustainability. It helps students identify their motivations and interests, providing guidance on the most appropriate creative direction and subject areas for the second year.

This full-time, studio-based year will develop your creative and critical practice and challenge your understanding of the Art and design disciplines. These experiences will expand on your contextual and practical knowledge, introduce you to the Creative Industries, and inform your course options for Year 2.

This course offers a wide range of experience and specialisms, providing numerous employment opportunities. Through the "Creative Futures" module, students can identify and exploit their niche within the Creative and cultural industries while focusing on the relevant creative landscape after the first year.

The entry requirements for the Foundation course include one of the following: an SQA Higher, BCC in Art & Design, a GCE A Level in CC in Art & Design, a H3H3H4 Irish Leaving Certificate Higher in Art, and an IB Diploma in 24. All applicants with the required qualifications will be invited to attend a portfolio review/interview and participate in a selection process. Successful applicants will be offered a place after viewing their digital portfolios. If more information is needed, an interview will be scheduled. Applicants will also be invited to an Applicants Event to meet staff and students, experience the teaching environment, and ask questions. International students must meet direct entry requirements to gain additional points through Robert Gordon University's International College. English language requirements include an IELTS of 6.0 with no lower than 5.5 component.

Course 2 - Fine Art - Painting, Photography, Printmaking, Sculpture, Moving Image (BA (Hons))

The Fine Art course prepares students for their future careers as artists by enhancing their critical aptitude, creative skills, and professional understanding. The curriculum covers various disciplines like drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture, photography, and moving images, utilising both analogue and digital methodologies. The course includes studio-based projects, public exhibitions, work experience, and international study options, culminating in an annual Degree Show.

In Year 2, students expand their understanding of theoretical principles through creative interaction and learning from tutors, technical experts, peers, and themselves. They develop critical writing and professional skills, deepening their awareness of the Creative Industries. In Year 3, students develop creative play, risk-taking, and critical thinking by exploring their chosen themes and workshop interests. They gain personal insight into professional ambitions through work experiences, placements, or international study. In Year 4, students have an extended period of supported independence to produce a fully realised body of work, answering critical questions and showcasing their talents.

Gray's School of Art’s curriculum allows students to customise their learning experience through optional study pathways. These include an intensive studio-based study, which focuses on developing a deeper understanding of their studio practice, and a combined work experience and studio pathway, which broadens students' awareness of the professional working environment. Students can also undertake a semester-long international study with partner institutions across Europe, Canada, and the US. 

The entry requirements for Year 2 students include relevant GCE A Levels, HNC/HND or Diploma in Foundation Studies, GCE A Level BCC, or IB Diploma 27. Advanced entry applicants with the appropriate qualifications will be invited to an advanced portfolio review/interview and participate in a selection process. Widening access applicants have minimum SQA Higher CCC entry requirements, including Art / Design and English. Applicants who may not hold standard qualifications are encouraged to apply if they can provide other relevant creative work, qualifications, and life experiences. A portfolio review/interview is still required for this candidate category. Successful applicants should submit a digital portfolio through a Flickr account, and if more information is needed, an interview will be invited. 

Course 3 - Art Therapy - Provided by Alison - Provider website

Art therapy is a psychotherapy method that uses art as a form of communication between therapist and patient to treat various mental health conditions. This course explores the concepts and practices of art therapy, providing skills to work confidently with clients of all artistic abilities in multiple settings. It covers the history, principles, key figures in its evolution, and the critical types of art therapy, including individual and group therapy. The course also explores the value of art therapy in personal and professional lives. Creativity is a powerful tool for improving mental health and well-being; art therapy offers a way to tap into this side. The course discusses creative therapy, mindfulness practices, and techniques for using art therapy with clients. It also focuses on drawing and its application in treating children with physical and mental impairments. The course also covers common mental illnesses art therapists encounter, recording techniques, supervision, boundaries, and therapeutic limitations. This course is designed for anyone interested in learning about art therapy and working with clients with physical and mental impairments.

You can email the provider for further details about entry requirements and certificates.

This course is online and completely free!

In conclusion, the varied range of courses offered by Aberdeen's Gray's School of Art are intended to empower and inspire graduates who are creative. A comprehensive first-year experience is offered by the Foundation in Art and Design course, which promotes creativity, critical thinking, and practical knowledge. Through studio projects, exhibitions, and possibilities for overseas study, the Fine Art programme prepares students for professional employment by allowing them to specialise in a variety of areas. The course on art therapy also covers the therapeutic use of art to mental health issues, with a focus on creativity and mindfulness. Taken as a whole, these courses provide students with extensive chances to investigate, refine, and utilise their creative abilities in a variety of professional settings.

Here's a little about what artists did to get where they are in their careers!

Kara walker

Walker attended the Atlanta College of Art, where she focused on race-specific issues and a double standard often levelled at minority art students. She later attended the Rhode Island School of Design, where her work expanded to include sexual and racial themes based on portrayals of African Americans in art, literature, and historical narratives. An expert researcher, Walker began to draw on diverse sources, from portraits to pornographic novels, that have continued to shape her work. Other artists who addressed racial stereotypes were also important role models for the emerging artist. While in graduate school, Walker alighted on an old form that would become the basis for her most vital early work: cut paper silhouettes, widespread in Victorian middle-class portraiture and illustration. These silhouettes possessed a streamlined elegance that simplified the frenzy she was working on, making them the basis for her strongest early work.

Gone: A Historical Romance of a Civil War by Bettye Walker (1994) was a critical success, leading to representation with Wooster Gardens. She later received the MacArthur Foundation Achievement Award in 1998. However, Walker faced opposition due to her use of racial stereotypes. Betye Saar, famous for her iconic use of racial stereotypes in 20th-century art, questioned Walker's use of racist images and spearheaded a campaign questioning the art world's betrayal of African Americans. Walker's series of watercolours, Negress Notes, was criticised for its brutal and sexually graphic content, while others defended her for exposing the ridiculousness of these stereotypes. Despite these criticisms, Walker's work continues to be a significant influence in American art.

Obviously Kara Walker is an African-American artist, the process and opportunities are slightly different than in the UK where we have apprenticeships, college, university and foundation courses.

Anish Kapoor

Kapoor, a young artist, initially enjoyed finishing his mother's paintings but had no intention of becoming an artist. At 17, he and his brother travelled to Israel to live and work at a kibbutz, embracing communal living and utopian ideas. Initially, he planned to study engineering but realised he wasn't good at mathematics. After hitchhiking across Europe, he settled in London to attend Hornsey College of Art in 1973. His mentor, British-Romanian sculptor Paul Neagu, encouraged him to pursue Performance art, which influenced his sculpture approach.

Kapoor, a postgraduate artist, quit Chelsea School of Art after a year and returned to India. He realised his art was about ritual and doing, leading to a three-year period of creativity and the creation of his first major works, ritualistic pigment sculptures. Initially mistaken for a female artist, Kapoor gained recognition within the international art community despite the confusion surrounding his material.

Nicholas Logsdail, owner of Lisson Gallery in London, invited Kapoor to join the New British Sculptors group in the early 1980s. Kapoor, known for his use of traditional earthy materials and spiritual expression, represented Britain at the 1990 Venice Biennale and won the Turner Prize in 1991. The group included Julian Opie, Antony Gormley, Richard Deacon, Tony Cragg, and Rachel Whiteread, providing a network for Kapoor to exhibit and share ideas.

Kapoor is a good example of studying abroad, and the opportunities are different but only for some.

Judith Tucker

Judith Tucker is an artist and academic who explores the intersection of social history, personal memory, and geography through drawing, painting, and writing. She holds a B.A. in Fine Art from the Ruskin School of Art, University of Oxford, an M.A. in Fine Art, and a PhD in Fine Art from the University of Leeds. She was invited to be an artist in Contemporary British Painting in 2013 and is currently vice-chair. Tucker writes academic essays and collaborates with radical landscape poet Harriet Tarlo. She has been a finalist in the Jackson’s Painting Prize, the Scenes of Everyday Life category prize, and shortlisted for the Westmorland Landscape Prize and New Light Prize. She has exhibited in various venues, including Arthouse1 and Collyer Bristow London, as well as in China. She also serves as a Senior Lecturer in the School of Design at the University of Leeds. However, Tucker died on 13 November 2023 in a tragic car accident, but her memory and work will live on in her students and artwork. 

In conclusion, Walker, Kapoor, and Tucker's varying career paths show the range of paths and difficulties artists encounter in various cultural situations. Despite backlash, Kara Walker's emphasis on racial themes and contentious usage of stereotypes have solidified her position in American art. The path taken by Anish Kapoor, who went from communal living in Israel to becoming a well-known sculptor, emphasises the value of cultural inquiry and mentoring. Despite her tragic passing, Judith Tucker's artistic and scholarly fusion of social history, firsthand recollections, and geographic location has left a lasting legacy. The varied experiences and possibilities that these artists had in their home nations shaped their individual contributions to the art world, as these artists' tales illustrate.

RESOURCES

Foundation course - Foundation in Art and Design Course with BA (Hons) Degree | RGU University – Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Fine Arts course - Fine Art - Painting, Photography, Printmaking, Sculpture, Moving Image

Art Therapy course - Intro to Art Therapy & Provider Website 

Kara Walker - Why is Kara Walker so important? and Kara Walker Paintings, Bio and Ideas 

Anish Kapoor -  Anish Kapoor Art, Bio and Ideas and The Creative Life of Anish Kapoor

Judith Tucker - Judith Tucker and Judith Tucker - Contemporary British Painting 

[explainlearning]

Study Group Start-Up Proven Techniques for Success

The weight of textbooks, looming deadlines, and the ever-present pressure to perform can leave even the most dedicated student feeling overwhelmed. But fear not! There’s a powerful weapon in your academic arsenal – the Study Group.

A well-functioning study group can be a game-changer, offering a supportive environment for collaborative learning, enhanced comprehension, and a much-needed boost in motivation. However, starting a study group and maintaining its effectiveness requires planning and strategic execution. This guide equips you with the knowledge and tools to launch a best study group experience that propels you and your peers towards academic success.

Building the Foundation: The Right Group Matters

The first step in establishing a successful study group lies in assembling the right team. Here’s what to consider:

Shared Goals and Objectives: Are you all struggling with the same challenging course? Or are you looking for a broader support system encompassing multiple subjects? A clear understanding of the group’s purpose ensures everyone is aligned and focused on achieving common goals.

Complementary Learning Styles: Do you learn best visually, through hands-on activities, or by listening to explanations? A diverse group with varied learning styles fosters a richer learning environment, allowing everyone to benefit from different perspectives and approaches.

Commitment and Focus: Seek out individuals who share your dedication to academic success. A group with focused and responsible members is more likely to remain productive and achieve positive outcomes.

Finding Your Tribe: Strategies for Assembling Your Group

Once you have a clear vision for your study group, explore various avenues to find compatible peers:

Classmates and Friends: Connect with classmates in your courses and inquire if they’re interested in forming a study group.

University Resources: Many universities offer student support services that facilitate study group formation. Check with your academic advisor, student success center, or department bulletin boards.

Online Platforms: Utilize online platforms like Facebook groups or dedicated study group matching services to connect with students sharing similar academic needs.

Subject-Specific Clubs or Organizations: Joining subject-specific clubs or organizations can connect you with passionate peers, fostering potential study group connections.

Setting Up for Success: Essential Groundwork

With your group assembled, it’s time to establish the framework for a thriving study experience:

Establish Clear Goals: Outline the objectives for each study session, whether it’s preparing for an exam, reviewing specific topics, or tackling practice problems together. Setting clear goals ensures focused discussions and efficient use of time.

Schedule and Location: Determine a consistent time and location that works for everyone in the group. Consider finding a quiet study space like a library, empty classroom, or dedicated study area at someone’s home to minimize distractions.

Communication Expectations: Discuss preferred communication methods for outside of study sessions. This could involve email chains, group chats, or online platforms like Explain Learning which offer dedicated communication functionalities for study groups.

Structure and Strategies: Making Your Group Sessions Count

Now, let’s delve into the heart of a successful study group – your actual sessions! Here’s how to structure them for maximum effectiveness:

Create an Agenda: Develop a flexible agenda outlining the topics you’ll cover, allowing everyone to come prepared with questions or specific areas needing clarification. This ensures everyone arrives focused and ready to contribute.

Rotate Roles: Consider assigning roles like discussion leader, note-taker, or timekeeper to maintain engagement and shared responsibility. This can also offer valuable leadership experience and strengthen communication skills.

Embrace Active Learning: Move beyond passive textbook discussions. Incorporate active learning techniques like practice problems, brainstorming sessions, explaining concepts to each other, or utilizing Explain Learning’s interactive learning materials to solidify understanding.

Maintaining Momentum: Keys to a Long-Lasting Group

Building a study group is just the first step. Here’s how to cultivate a supportive and cohesive group over the long term:

Celebrate Successes: Acknowledge and celebrate individual and collective achievements. This fosters a positive learning environment and motivates everyone to keep pushing forward.

Open Communication and Respect: Encourage honest feedback and open communication within the group. Respect diverse perspectives and learning styles to maintain a positive dynamic.

Address Challenges Proactively: Don’t shy away from addressing challenges. If someone falls behind or struggles with the material, offer constructive support and work together to find solutions.

Explain Learning: Your Partner in Effective Group Study

Explain Learning understands the transformative power of group learning and offers a wealth of resources to empower your study group and maximize its effectiveness:

Comprehensive Video Explanations: Our platform features in-depth video explanations for a wide range of subjects. Utilize these resources before or during study sessions to clarify concepts, enhance understanding, and provide a springboard for group discussions.

Interactive Practice Problems: Reinforce learning through a vast library of interactive practice problems aligned with various curricula. Working through these problems together as a group allows you to identify areas requiring additional focus, test comprehension, and solidify knowledge retention.

Flashcards and Learning Games: Gamified learning can make studying more engaging, especially for a group setting. Utilize Explain Learning’s flashcard creator and interactive learning games to transform rote memorization into an enjoyable and collaborative experience.

Shared Whiteboards and Notes: Our online whiteboards facilitate real-time collaboration, allowing your group to brainstorm ideas, visually represent complex concepts, and capture key takeaways during study sessions.

Dedicated Communication Tools: Explain Learning offers communication functionalities perfect for study groups. Chat with your group members, share resources, and stay connected outside of study sessions, fostering a supportive learning community.

Conclusion: Building a Thriving Learning Community Together

A successful study group is more than just a collection of students gathered around a table. It’s a group study community built on shared goals, mutual support, and a commitment to learning from each other. By following the strategies outlined in this guide and utilizing the resources offered by Explain Learning, you can transform your study group into a powerful tool for academic achievement and personal growth.

Remember:

Focus on active learning and collaborative problem-solving.

Embrace diverse perspectives and learning styles.

Maintain open communication and respect within the group.

Celebrate successes and address challenges together.

With dedication and the right tools, your study group can become an invaluable asset on your academic journey. Sign up for Explain Learning today and unlock a world of resources designed to empower your group learning experience!

Together, let’s turn your study group start-up into a resounding success!

Know more https://explainlearning.com/blog/study-group-start-up-techniques-success/

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Chapter 9 of Psychosis, Trauma, and Dissociation: Childhood Trauma in Psychotic Disorders

Childhood trauma has been associated with a wide array of mental health problems, including psychosis. This will overview the findings on childhood trauma in relation to those diagnosed with psychotic disorders.

In a comprehensive review, the majority of patients of both sexes experienced some kind of trauma. Sexual abuse was reported by 48% of female patients and 28% of male patients, physical abuse by 48% of female patients and 50% of male patients. In a later review, the rate of sexual abuse in females was only slightly lower, the same in males, and physical abuse was lower for both. At least one form of abuse was found in half of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, regardless of sex. In studies of people living with psychosis, high rates of emotional abuse and neglect were found in addition to physical/sexual abuse. In people diagnosed with schizophrenia, the weighted average of childhood emotional abuse was 47%, emotional neglect at 51%, and physical neglect at 41%. However, the rates varied between studies because of the difference in definitions used.

A meta-analysis of the literature including 41 studies had found that people who had adverse childhood experiences were 2.78 times more likely to develop psychosis than those who had not. All in all, those diagnosed with psychotic disorders show high rates of all forms of childhood maltreatment. Several population-based studies suggest that childhood trauma is likely a factor in the development of psychosis; even if definitive conclusions can't be drawn, it is highly likely.

On childhood trauma affecting the characteristics of psychosis: those that have a psychotic illness and had experienced childhood trauma show more severe form of illness than those that do not have childhood trauma. They tend to show an earlier age of onset, more hospitalizations, a more 'severe clinical course', were more likely to be re-victimized, had more current PTSD, more current or lifetime substance abuse, more lifetime episodes of major depression and depression/anxiety in general, had more positive psychotic symptoms, and more dissociative symptoms. In a study of patients with schizophrenia, abused patients frequently report more suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.

There are also differences in the type and content of psychotic symptoms - Ross, Anderson, and Clark (1994) found that people diagnosed with schizophrenia who had suffered physical/sexual abuse had significantly more hallucinations, ideas of reference, and thought insertion. Findings about the relationship between trauma and delusions, thought disorder, and negative symptoms have been inconsistent while the association between trauma and hallucinations has been replicated multiple times. Out of all, auditory hallucinations - specifically voices commenting on things - could be the most strongly related of all psychotic symptoms. Early findings of current research show a link between sexual abuse and hallucinations, and bullying/neglect and paranoid delusions.

There may be a spectrum of psychotic disorder where trauma as a cause is important. The book proposes that on one end of the spectrum is those who have a clear dissociative disorder, and at the other end of the spectrum is those who have a neurodevelopmental disposition towards psychosis that in some cases arise from childhood adversity/trauma/neglect. Further research is absolutely needed as studies directly comparing both psychotic and dissociative disorders that focus on childhood trauma are dated, lacking, biased, and unstandardized.

Regardless, whatever one's diagnosis is, there seems to be an importance in routinely being asked about childhood adverse experiences so meaningful and appropriate treatment plans can be made.

[theculturedmarxist]

U.S. foreign policy has set the country on a course destined to lead to a world of rivalry, strife and conflict into the foreseeable future. Washington has declared “war” on China, on Russia, on whomever partners with them.

That “war” is comprehensive — diplomatic, financial, commercial, technological, cultural, ideological. It implicitly fuses a presumed great power rivalry for dominance with a clash of civilizations: the U.S.-led West against the civilizational states of China, Russia and potentially India.

Direct military action is not explicitly included but armed clashes are not absolutely precluded. They can occur via proxies as in Ukraine. They can be sparked by Washington’s dedication to bolster Taiwan as an independent country.

A series of formal defense reviews confirm statements by the most senior U.S. officials and military commanders that such a conflict is likely within the decade. Plans for warfighting are well advanced. This feckless approach implicitly casts the Chinese foe as a modern-day Imperial Japan despite the catastrophic risks intrinsic to a war between nuclear powers.

The extremity of Washington’s overreaching, militarized strategy intended to solidify and extend its global dominance is evinced by the latest pronouncement of required war-fighting capabilities.

Recommendations just promulgated by the congressional bipartisan Strategic Posture Commission include developing and fielding “homeland integrated air and missile defenses that can deter and defeat coercive attacks by Russia and China, and determine the capabilities needed to stay ahead of the North Korean threat.”

They were endorsed by former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Mark Milley in his post-retirement interview where he proposed adding up to $1 trillion to the current defense budget in order to create the requisite capabilities.

President Joe Biden, in his weekend interview on 60 Minutes, reiterated the dominating outlook with buoyant optimism:

“We’re the United States of America, for God’s sake!; the most powerful nation in the history of the world.”

This is the same country whose war-fighting record since 1975 is one win, two draws and four losses — or five losses if we include Ukraine. (That tabulation excludes Granada which was a sort of scrimmage). Moreover, the U.S. stock of 155mm artillery ammunition is totally exhausted – as is that of its allies.

No Discussion

This historic strategic judgment is heavily freighted with the gravest implications for the security and well-being of the United States — and will shape global affairs in the 21st century.

Yet, it has been made in the total absence of serious debate in the country-at-large, in Congress, within the foreign policy community, in the media and — most astonishing — at the highest levels of the government as well.

The last lapse is evinced by the superficiality of the statements issued by Biden, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, Vice President Kamala Harris, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, Milley and their associates.

We have heard nothing in the way of a sober, rigorous explication of why and how China or Russian poses so manifest a threat as to dictate committing ourselves to an all-out confrontation.

Nor do we hear mention of alternative strategies, their pluses and minuses, nor are there candid expositions of the costs that will be incurred in their implementation. Most certainly, silence reigns as to what happens if this audacious, all-or-nothing strategy fails — in whole or in part.

The stunning rise of China along with the reemergence of Russia as a formidable power are developments apparent to attentive observers for quite some time.

For Russia, the landmark dates can be identified.

Russian Milestones

The first was Russian President Vladimir Putin’s speech to the Munich Security Conference in 2007. There, he made clear his rejection of the Western script that relegated Russia to a subordinate position in a world system organized according to principles and interests defined largely by the United States.

Whether fashioned as neo-liberal globalization or, practically speaking, American hegemony, it was unacceptable. Instead, Putin set forth the twin concepts of multipolarity and multilateralism. While emphasizing the sovereign status and legitimate interest of all states, his vision did not foresee conflict or implacable rivalry. Rather, it was envisaged demarcating international dealings as a collective enterprise that aimed at mutual gain based on mutual respect for each other’s identity and core interests.

Washington, though, interpreted it otherwise. In their minds, Putin had thrown a monkey wrench into the project of fashioning a globalized world overseen by the United States and its partners.

President George W. Bush’s administration made the judgment that an irksome Russia should be fenced-in and its influence curbed. That objective animated the campaign to bring Ukraine and Georgia into NATO, the sponsorship of the doomed Georgian attack on disputed South Ossetia, on the attempt to block the building of a new gas pipeline from Russia to Germany and on setting strict terms for commercial exchanges.

It culminated in the 2014 Maidan coup in Kiev and the bolstering of Ukraine as a power that could keep Russia in its place. The rest of that story we know.

Then, the image of Putin as a diabolical Machiavellian who works relentlessly to cripple the U.S. was given a thick layer of varnish by the Russiagate charade — a scheme concocted by presidential aspirant Hillary Clinton and her allies in order to explain how she could lose an election against somebody who started the fall campaign with a personal unfavorable poll rating of 67 percent.

The Chinese Challenge

The confrontation with China is not marked by equally clear events or decision points. Designation of China as the challenger to the U.S. position as global supremo crystallized more gradually.

It was the Middle Kingdom’s growing strength in every dimension of national power and capacity that stirred first anxiety and then fear. This challenging rival had become a threat to the foundational belief in U.S. exceptionalism and superiority. Hence, an existential threat in the truest sense.

(“This town ain’t big enough for both of us!” is a familiar line to Americans for the way it punctuates showdowns in hundreds of Westerns. Now it has spilled into foreign policy as a neat summation of Washington’s attitude toward Beijing. Instead, how about inviting the other guy for a drink at the Long Branch and a long talk? Dutch treat.)

The string of disputes over this or that issue were symptoms rather than the cause of the antagonism mixed with dread that has led the U.S. to treat China as a mortal foe. When we look at the chronology of events, it becomes evident that the U.S. bill of indictment does not come close to justifying that conclusion.

The fashionable — now official — view is that it’s all China’s fault.

President Xi Jinping & Co supposedly spurned the opportunity to join the outward-looking community of liberal nations; they have grown increasingly repressive at home — thereby, disqualifying themselves from partnership with the democracies; they have been aggressive in pushing their territorial claims in the South China Sea; they have not composed their differences with neighbors, most importantly Japan; and they have deviated from the Western (i.e. American line) toward Iran while mediating a modus vivendi with Saudi Arabia.

Closer to home, China is accused of operating extensive spying networks in the United States designed to purloin valuable high technology; of systematically manipulating commercial dealings to their advantage; and they are extending their cultural influence in a porous American society.

In this bill of indictment no reference is made to dubious actions by the United States. Washington’s record as a global citizen is less than impeccable. Specifically in reference to China, it is Washington that made what are by far the most provocative moves.

Let’s recall the jailing of Huawei’s CFO in Vancouver at the Trump White House’s insistence on specious grounds (violation of Washington’s own illegal sanctions campaign against Iran) in order to thwart the company’s success in becoming a dominant player in the IT field. Former President Donald Trump himself admitted as much in stating that the United States might refrain from pursuing her prosecution were China ready to concede to his demands in the bilateral trade negotiations.

The ultimate provocation has been the series of steps in regard to Taiwan that signaled clearly Washington’s intention to prevent its integration into the PRC. Thereby, it crossed the most indelible of red lines — one that the United States itself had helped draw and had observed for half a century. It is tantamount to an Old Europe aristocrat slapping another in the face with his gloves in public. An unmistakable invitation to a duel that precludes negotiation, mediation or compromise.

Not Just a Rival

The United States finds it far easier to deal with manifest enemies, e.g. the U.S.S.R., than sharing the international stage with countries that match it in strength whatever degree of threat it poses to American national security.

The latter is far harder for Americans to handle — emotionally, intellectually, diplomatically.

Hence, the growing tendency to characterize China as not just a rival for global influence but as a menace. That results in a caricature of China’s ambitions and a downplaying of prospects for fostering a working relationship among rough equals.

An enormous amount of energy is being put into this delusional enterprise. The target is America itself. The project is a bizarre form of conversion therapy designed to substitute a confected version of reality for the irksome real thing.

Stunning evidence of this self-administered treatment is available on a routine basis in the pages of The New York Times. Every day we are treated to two or three long stories about what’s wrong with China, its trials and tribulations. No occurrence is too recondite or distant to be exempt from being used in an exaggerated diagnosis of social or political illness. The extremes to which the editors go in this re-education program is pathological.

The threat China presents is to an exalted self-image more than to any tangible interests. At its root, the problem is psychological.

By time that the Biden administration arrived in office, the scene had been set for the declaration of war and the taking of concrete steps in that direction. But it’s odd that such a momentous commitment should be made by such a lackluster team of individuals with a diminished, distracted president as its nominal head. That can be attributed to two factors.

First is the dogmatic worldview of the principals. Their outlook represents an absorption of Paul Wolfowitz’s notorious memo of 1992 laying out a manifold strategy for consolidating and extending U.S. world dominance in perpetuity.

Second is the neocon passion to shape other countries in the U.S. image. That blend was laced with a dash of old-fashioned Wilsonian idealism along with a drizzle of humanitarianism from the Responsibility to Protect movement (R2P).

[Related: Chris Hedges: R2P Caused Libya’s Nightmare]

This potent brew had become orthodoxy for nearly all of the U.S. foreign policy community. In addition, a rudimentary version has gained the adherence of the political class and has shaped the thinking of Congress to whatever extent its members do any thinking about external relations beyond habitual resort to convenient hackneyed slogans.

Alternative No. 1

Objectively speaking, alternatives did exist.

The first we might call inertial ad-hocism. Its features would have been the continued segmentation of the country’s external dealings into more-or-less discrete packets — geographical and functional.

The Middle East’s two sub-categories: Israel and the Gulf; the desultory “War On Terror” wherever; the aggressive promotion of neo-liberal globalization featuring the ensconcing of a heteroclite corporate/technocratic/political elite as guides and overseers; bilateral relations with new economic powers like India and Brazil to bring them into the neo-liberal orbit; business-as-usual with the rest of the Global South.

As for China and Russia, one would be treated as a formidable rival and the other as an overreaching nuisance to be stymied in places in Syria and Central Asia. Concrete steps to counteract the Chinese commercial and technological challenge would have been taken either unilaterally or in hard-nosed direct bargaining. Support for Taiwan would have increased but stopped short of ruffling Beijing’s feathers by calling into question the One-China Principle.

The foundational premise of this approach is that an ever-deepening neo-liberal system would pull China into its field as a politico-economic centrifugal magnet. Hence, by an incremental process a potential challenge to American-Western hegemony would be gradually neutralized, avoiding a direct confrontation.

Russia, for its part, could be treated more roughly: the post-2014 sanctions tightened, its approaches in Syria and on other matters rebuffed and the quiet build-up of Ukraine continued. This, in essence, was the tack taken by former President Barack Obama and Trump.

Today’s uniform assumption that a momentous battle with the Chinese is written in the stars, the culmination of a zero-sum rivalry for global dominance, is of relatively recent vintage.

Not so long ago, the consensus was that the most sensible strategy composed two elements.

The first was peaceful engagement emphasizing economic interdependence leading to China’s participation in a more-or-less orderly world system whose rules-of-the-road might have to undergo some modification but where power politics was restrained and contained.

(Regarding the restructuring of existing international organizations, the IMF stands out. Since its post-war founding, the United States has held veto power over any or all of its actions. It adamantly refuses to relinquish it despite the drastic shifts in the constellation of global financial and monetary power. Hence, the IMF serves as a de facto subsidiary of the State Department. This state of affairs soon will prove absolutely unacceptable to China and the BRICs.)

The second was a measure of military balancing to remove any temptation as might exist in Beijing for empire-building while reassuring neighbors. The open question focused on exactly where and how the balance should be struck.

That was the prevailing perspective until roughly the second Obama administration. These days, that approach has lost its place in the mainstream of foreign policy discourse. There is no fixed day or event, though, that marks the abrupt and sharp change of course.

This disjointed incremental line of approach has its advantages despite its leaning toward conflict. Paramount is that it avoids locking the United States into a position of implacable hostility vis a vis China. There is no embedded logic propelling us toward armed conflict. It implicitly leaves open the possibility of U.S. thinking moving in a more positive direction.

Whatever the odds of such an evolution occurring, and on the arrival in the White House of a president with the bold vision of a true statesman, such a development would not be excluded as it is by the current mobilization for generational “war.”

Alternative No. 2

There is another, radical alternative grounded on the belief that it is feasible to fashion a long-term strategy of nurturing ties of cooperation with Russia and China. Taking some form of partnership, it would be grounded on a mutual commitment to the maintenance of political stability and fashioning mechanisms for conflict avoidance. This is by no means as far fetched as first glance might suggest — in concept.

The idea of a great power concert comes to mind. However, we should envisage an arrangement quite different from the historic Concert of Europe that emerged at the Conference of Vienna in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars.

One, the objective would not be a buttressing of the status quo by the dual strategy of refraining from armed conflict among the underwriting states and suppressing revolutionary movements that could endanger existing monarchies. Its attendant features were the concentration of custodial power in the Big 5 co-managers of the system; the stifling of political reform across Europe; and the disregard of forces appearing outside their purview.

By contrast, a contemporary partnership among the major powers would presume a responsibility for taking the lead in designing a global system based on the mutually reinforcing tenets of openness, sovereign equality and the promotion of policies that deliver plus-sum outcomes.

Rather than rule by a directorate, international affairs would be structured by international institutions modified in terms of philosophy, multilateral decision-making and a measure of devolution that empowers regional bodies.  There would be an established pattern of consultation among those governments whose economic weight and military capacity quite naturally should be expected to play an informal role in performing system maintenance functions and facilitating the involvement of other states. Legitimacy would be established through conduct and performance.

The drastic fall in respect for U.S. world leadership will facilitate that process — as the BRICs’ successes already demonstrate.

The crucial starting point for such a project is a meeting of the minds among Washington, Beijing and Moscow — accompanied by dialogue with New Delhi, Brasilia et al.

There is reason to believe that conditions, objectively speaking, have been conducive to an undertaking of this order for several years. However, it was never recognized in the West, much less seriously considered — an historic opportunity lost.

“The threat China presents is to an exalted self-image more than to any tangible interests. At its root, the problem is psychological.”

The most significant sufficient factor is the temper of Chinese and Russian leadership. Xi and Putin are rare leaders. They are sober, rational, intelligent, very well informed and capable of broad vision.

(China’s traditional goal always has been to exact deference from other countries while bolstering their own strength — not to impose an imperium on them. Much less do they share the American impulse to arrange the affairs of the entire world according to a universalization of their own unique civilization.  Therein lies an opportunity to avoid a “war of transition.”

However, there is no American leader on the horizon who recognizes this overarching reality and who seems prepared to grasp the opportunity to “bend the arc of history.”  Obama briefly toyed with the idea — before relapsing into the stale rhetoric of American exceptionalism: “We’re number One — you better believe it. Nobody else is even close!”)

While dedicated to securing their national interests, above all the well-being of their peoples, neither Xi nor Putin harbor imperial ambitions. And both have long tenures as heads of state. They have the political capital to invest in a project of this magnitude and prospective. Washington, unfortunately, has not had leaders of similar character and talents.

As for U.S. allies, no counsel of restraint can be expected from that quarter. Those loyal vassals have moved from being craven irrelevancies to active, if junior, partners in crime.

An Odious Spectacle

It is stomach-churning to observe the leaders of Europe lining up for slap-on-the-back meetings with Bibi Netanyahu in Tel Aviv while he inflicts atrocities on Gazans. Barely a word of concern for 2 million civilians, just the hurried dispatch of more weapons diverted from the Ukrainian killing fields.  This odious spectacle was eclipsed by Biden’s disgraceful performance this week in Jerusalem.

Summit meetings by Bush, Obama, Trump or Biden always have concentrated on either small-bore issues or instruction on what their opposite number should be doing so as to conform to the U.S. view of the world. Both are wastes of precious time insofar as the imperative to foster a long-term, common global perspective is concerned.

The sensible approach to inaugurate a serious dialogue might be a president with statesmanlike qualities who sits down alone with Putin and Xi for an open-ended session and asks such questions as: “What do you want, President Putin/President XI? How do you see the world 20 years from now and your country’s place in it?”

Would they be prepared to expound an articulate response?  Putin certainly would. That is exactly what he has been proposing since 2007 — on numerous occasions vocally or in his writings.  Instead, he was stonewalled, and — since 2014 — treated as a menacing pariah to be defamed and personally insulted.

Here is Barack Obama’s take:

“The Russian President is a ‘physically unremarkable’ man, likened to ‘the tough, street-smart ward bosses who used to run the Chicago machine.”

This comment from Obama’s first volume of his published memoirs, The Promised Land, says more about his own inflated yet vulnerable ego than Putin’s character.

In fact, it was the Chicago machine along with money and encouragement from the Pritzker network that made Obama what he became.

Contrast: when Bismarck met Disraeli at the 1878 Berlin Conference — going so far as to invite him, a Jew, home twice for meals — he did not nag the British prime minister about trade restrictions on German exports of textiles and metallurgical goods or the systematic British abuse of tea plantation workers in Assam.

Nor did he comment on the man’s physique. Bismarck was a serious statesman, unlike the people in whose custody we place the security and well-being of our nations.

The upshot is that Putin and Xi seem puzzled by feckless Western counterparts who disregard the elementary precepts of diplomacy. That should be a concern as well — except by those who intend to conduct the U.S. “war” in a linear manner that pays little attention to the thinking of other parties.

The vitriol that is thrown at Putin with such vehemence by his Western counterparts is something of a puzzle. It is manifestly disproportionate to anything that he has done or said by any reasonable measure — even if one distorts the underlying story of Ukraine.

Obama’s condescension suggests an answer. At its core, their attitude reflects envy. Envy in the sense that he is subconsciously recognized as clearly superior in attributes of intelligence, knowledge of contemporary issues and history, articulateness, political savvy and – most certainly – diplomatic skill.

Try to imagine any U.S. leader emulating Putin’s performance in holding three-hour open Q & A sessions with citizens of all stripes — responding directly, in detail, coherently and with good grace. Biden? Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau? German Chancellor Olaf Scholz? British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak? French President Emmanual Macron? Ursula von der Leyen, president of the EU Commission? Estonia’s Prime Minister Kaja Kallis?

Even Obama, from whom we’d get canned sermons cast in high-minded language that distills into very little. That’s why the West’s political class assiduously avoids paying attention to Putin’s speeches and press conferences — out of sight, out of mind.

Act in reference to the make-believe cartoon instead of the real man.

The Ukraine Era

These days, in the Ukraine era, the rigid Washington consensus is that Vladimir Putin is the quintessential brutal dictator — power mad, ruthless and with only a tenuous grip on reality.

Indeed, it has become commonplace to equate him with Hitler — as done by such leading lights of the U.S. power elite as Hillary Clinton and former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi along with “opinion makers” galore. Even 203 noble Nobels lend their collective brains and celebrity credentials to an “open letter” whose second sentence pairs Russia’s attack on Ukraine with Hitler’s assault on Poland in September 1939.

Sadly, the idea that those who make those decisions should bother to know what they are talking about is widely deemed as radical if not subversive.

In regard to Putin, there is absolutely no excuse for such painful ignorance. He has presented his views on how Russia visualizes its place in the world, relations with the West and the contours/rules of a desired international system more comprehensively, historically informed and coherently than has any national leader I know of.  Shouted declarations “we’re No. 1 and always will be – you better believe it” (Obama) are not his style.

The point is that you may be troubled by his conclusions, question his sincerity, suspect hidden strands of thought, or denounce certain actions. However, doing so has no credibility unless one has engaged the man based on what is available — not on cartoon caricatures. So, too, should we recognize that Russia is not a one-man show, that it behooves us to consider the more complex reality that is Russian governance and politics.

President Xi of China has escaped the personal vilification thrown at Putin — so far.  But Washington has made no greater effort to engage him in the sort of discourse about the future shape of Sino-American relations and the world system for which they are destined to be primary joint custodians.

Xi is more elusive than Putin. He is far less forthright, more guarded and embodies a political culture very different from that of the United States or Europe. Still, he is no dogmatic ideologue or power-mad imperialist. Cultural differences too easily can become an excuse for avoiding the study, the pondering and the exercise in strategic imagination that is called for. 

Shaping the World Structure

The approach outlined above is worth the effort – and low costs that it entails. For it is the understandings among the three leaders (and their senior colleagues) that are of the utmost importance.

That is to say, agreed understandings as to how they view the shape and structure of world affairs, where their interests clash or converge, and how to meet the dual challenge of 1) handling those points of friction that may arise, and 2) working together to perform ‘system maintenance’ functions in both the economic and security realms.

At the moment, there is no chance that American leaders can muster the gumption, or have the vision, to set out on this course. Neither Biden and his team, nor their Republican rivals are up to it.

In truth, American leaders are psychologically and intellectually not capable of thinking seriously about the terms for sharing power with China, with Russia or with anybody else – and developing mechanisms for doing so over different timeframes.

Washington is too preoccupied with parsing the naval balance in East Asia to reflect on broad strategies. Its leaders are too complacent about the deep faults in our economic structures, and too wasteful in dissipating trillions on chimerical ventures aimed at exorcising a mythical enemy to position ourselves for a diplomatic undertaking of the sort that a self-centered America never before has faced.

A drive to revalidate its presumed virtue and singularity now impels what the U.S. does in the world. Hence, the calculated stress placed on slogans like “democracy versus autocracy.” That is a neat metaphor for the uneasy position in which Uncle Sam finds himself these days, proudly pronouncing enduring greatness from every lectern and altar in the land, pledging to uphold a standing as global No. 1 forever and ever.

But the U.S. is also constantly bumping its head against an unaccommodating reality. Instead of downsizing the monumental juggernaut or applying itself to a delicate raising of the arch, it makes repeated attempts to fit through in a vain effort to bend the world to fit its mythology. Invocation of the Concussion Protocol is in order — but nobody wants to admit that sobering truth.

This is close to a condition that approximates what the psychologists call “dissociation.”  It is marked by an inability to see and to accept actualities as they are for deep-seated emotional reasons.  

The tension generated for a nation so constituted when encountering objective reality does not force heightened self-awareness or a change in behavior if the dominant feature of that reality is the attitudes and expressed opinions of others who share the underlying delusions.

Michael Brenner is a professor of international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh. [email protected]

[bunkershotgolf]

Golf Inc. Magazine Judges Bestow “Development of the Year” Honor on Apes Hill Barbados

Distinction Complements Rave Reviews for Newly Opened Course at Luxury Resort Residential Community

A panel of judges for Golf Inc., the international trade publication that provides owners and operators with industry trends, insights, and best practices, has voted Apes Hill Barbados runner-up in its annual Development of the Year competition.

The best-in-kind award “recognizes the finest private clubs and daily fee/resort courses with the best new traditional and non-traditional golf courses (including short courses) that opened during the past year around the globe.”

Winners were judged according to how well the vision of the project was executed, the course aesthetics, economic and environmental sustainability, course routing and land usage. The judges were Darryl Bartlett, senior project manager at NMP Golf Construction Corp.; Casey Paulson, project president at Driftwood Golf and Ranch Club; Kevin Norby of Norby Golf Course Design; Mike Nuzzo of Nuzzo Course Design; and Tripp Davis, president of Tripp Davis and Associates.

Stated the three Development of the Year judges about Apes Hill Barbados in their appraisal:

 “A wonderfully conceived and executed vision with a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability. Shaping of fairways, bunkers and green complexes are dramatic and unique.” – Kevin Norby

“Spectacular! Beautiful modern buildings, great golf, all in a luxury setting, this place has it going on!” – Darryl Bartlett

“Beautiful views in a tropical environment; impressive commitment to environmental sustainability.” – Casey Paulson

That the judges cited Apes Hill Barbados’ inspired vision and successful execution, commitment to environmental and sustainability best practices, and the scintillating golf course designed by Ron Kirby in this breath-taking setting is precisely what Apes Hill Barbados set out to accomplish.

Apes Hill Barbados is owned by Apes Hill (Barbados) Inc., a Barbadian company whose primary shareholder is Glenn J. Chamandy, a Canadian investor, founder, and CEO of leading clothing brand Gildan Activewear. Chamandy purchased the property in 2019 and embarked on an ambitious project to redefine golfing and estate living on the Caribbean Island.

“The Development of the Year honor is deeply appreciated because the judges touched on the essence of what is Apes Hill Barbados in their comments,” said Sunil Chatrani, Executive Chairman, Apes Hill Barbados. “We’ve taken great care to build a course and comprehensive golf experience that complements our first-class community. This is a place where people embrace the important things in life: family, friendships, health, and connection to nature.”

In addition to the Ron Kirby designed, 18-hole championship golf course, Apes Hill Barbados offers exceptional, complementary golf amenities including the short course, 19th hole, sleek clubhouse, and state-of-the-art Golf Performance Centre.

Apes Hill Barbados is a 475-acre property of incredible elegance located in the Parish of Saint James on the west coast of the culturally vibrant and historically rich Barbados. The island is famed for its history, beauty, designer shops and world class restaurants. It also boasts some of the best golf courses in the Caribbean, with Apes Hill rating No. 5 in the Caribbean, Mexico, Costa Rica, and the Atlantic Islands (Source: Golfweek’s “Best You Can Play”).

Sustainability is at the forefront of the resort’s long-term DNA – designed to make it the most environmentally responsible golf course and development in the Caribbean. Underscoring this mandate is Apes Hill Barbados’ work with Audubon International, the non-profit organization that helps places employ environmental best practices and protect the areas where people live, work, and play.

Golf fairways and tees have been re-laid using the more drought tolerant Zoysia Zorro grass and the greens with TifEagle. The resistance of these grasses to insects also further reduces the reliance on fertilization and use of pesticides, with a view to Apes Hill Barbados eventually becoming chemical-free.

Apes Hill Barbados has a uniquely tranquil atmosphere that provides the perfect setting for inspired living at a pace of ease. Home to a developing range of accommodation options, the elegant venue is home to a portfolio of stunning real estate on site alongside golf vacation properties set to allow guests to stay and play late this year or early next. There are several exquisitely designed residential options that offer something for everyone’s taste – from charming villas to brilliantly designed detached homes.

Amenities at Apes Hill Barbados will include a wellness centre, several kilometers of enchanting nature trails, flood-lit Padel courts, TigerTurf tennis courts, spa, dining, and bespoke outdoor and well-being activities as well as a dedicated concierge service, among other top-class amenities. Apes Hill Barbados’ golfing credentials are just as impressive – the 18-hole championship golf course that opened for play in November 2022, and the cutting-edge Golf Performance Centre debuted in January 2023.

[izamationbroker]

Sorry for asking, but do you have any tips on learning Japanese? I started to learn basics few years ago but have to dropped it because it's not really working for me and for school reason. Now I wish to learn it again (solely for reading the arts at pixiv, that's my motivation for now) so I wonder on how you study. Thank you 🐝

Also I love your posts about drrr it gives me serotonin 💞

Hi, hello!

I do have some tips, but the helpfulness of them also very much depends on your current level in Japanese! "Basics" can be a very subjective term, but from my interpretation I'll assume you at least have the hiragana and katakana writing systems under your belt! If not, I recommend putting all your effort into learning those before doing anything else, and if possible, try to learn some kanji if you can!

Self-study is a really hard way to learn a language but the benefits of being able to go at your own pace is super useful. Finding the right resources can pose a huge initial roadblock, though, and while I can understand not having the money for the biggest and the best, unfortunately most resources worth their salt will cost something. That said, I'll do my best to offer at least a few resources to get you started. Tofugu is a super blog that I swear by for help finding resources to learn Japanese, and they even have their own step-by-step guide to Japanese self-study!

I'll go more into what I use under the cut.

Workbooks

If you're just starting out, the first major resource you'll need is a good base workbook to practice in. The hardest part of self-study is having to essentially plan your own lessons. That means figuring out what to learn, how to learn it, and in what order. It's definitely the most time-consuming and discouraging for me, but a good workbook can at least get you off the ground with minimal planning. Unfortunately, most good workbooks are going to cost some money.

Many people swear by the Genki series, but I personally have not used them. I use the Japanese From Zero series and am currently on book 3 for context. I like how easy to understand the explanations are and the "progressive" concept where it introduces you to Japanese writing slowly over the course of each book. I also have the Nakama books 1 and 2 from a brief stint in college Japanese courses that I use to supplement what I learn in the JFZ books. It's nice to have different textbooks to cross-reference, because of how complicated Japanese can be!

Once you get through the workbooks, though, you'll have to figure something else out. I haven't gotten there yet, and I'm sure you haven't either so I wouldn't worry about it just yet. Tofugu's guide linked above has steps to take after that point!

Flashcards

With the workbook as a base, you can start making flashcards for vocabulary and grammar points to study and review as you go. I recommend using Anki (free) for this, because of how customizable it is and because it uses the Spaced Repetition System (SRS) that most language learners swear by. There's a free computer and Android app version, although the iOS version of the app does cost about $25 (they have to pay for their open-source development somehow!).

The biggest drawback to Anki is that you'll have to make all of the cards yourself. There are some decks people have made that you can download, but I personally don't usually find them very useful or reliable. Currently I use a few different types of flashcards: vocabulary, kanji, reading practice, and sentences. If anyone wants a more comprehensive breakdown of how I do flashcards, feel free to ask!

If you'd rather use something pre-made, Wanikani is a super valuable resource for kanji and vocabulary learning using SRS. Only the first three levels are free, but even that gives you a LOT of kanji to get you started. I don't have the money to pay for the full thing yet (I want to eventually save up to just get the lifetime version and not have to subscribe) but I do think it's absolutely worth it.

On the grammar side of things, I hear Bunpro is a very good resource! They have sentences and specific grammar points, as well as organize by JLPT level and provide a full network of connecting related grammar points across cards which sounds REALLY nifty to me! It has a free one-month trial but unfortunately after that you'd have to pay for it. I've been saving up to get the lifetime version of this, too, honestly.

Actually Studying

Once you have your resources, the only thing really left to do is to actually use them! What I try to do to keep consistent is do a lesson in my workbook when I have time to make the flashcards for it, then use the Anki app to do my flashcard reviews every day until I feel confident in the material. Then I rinse and repeat with the next lesson in the book.

Sometimes I get really busy or stressed and fall out of it for a while, but the important thing is to get back on that train! Since I've only just come back after a stint of not studying at all, I unfortunately have upwards of 1000 overdue reviews sitting in my Anki waiting for me to get off my ass and do them. After I get those under control, I'll be getting back in the groove of adding more through my workbooks!

I hope this was helpful lol, I know it was a lot. If you ever have questions about any of this or even about specific aspects of the language itself, feel free to ask! I wish you luck in your studies!

[gravitascivics]

CRITQUE OF THE NATURAL RIGHTS VIEW, II

With the last posting, this blog has resumed its posting schedule of Tuesdays and Fridays.  With this posting, the blog picks up its critique of the natural rights view.  As a quick review, the natural rights mental construct is the dominant view of governance and politics in the US.  In the last posting (the first after a three-month break), this critique was introduced by outlining a list of points it will develop.

The first was:

 The construct has a limited view of decision-making.  This is important because the construct’s position on decision-making is narrowed to transactional aspects of governance and politics.  The position on decision-making serves as one of the construct’s basic operating assumptions.

 Let this posting describe and explain this shortcoming.  

A political systems model is an extensive and comprehensive view of the political life one finds in a nation.  As the mode by which the natural rights view encourages students to go about studying politics, it is exceedingly useful if a student makes an assumption that there are extensively shared goals and values within the political system.  If these exist, then a further assumption or prior condition is possible.

         In such a nation, behavioral studies’ reliance on people being apt to make rational decisions will be the normal course of decision-making.  That is, when people are confronted with a decision, they will basically ask themselves what choice affords them the most benefit for the least cost.  Choices will be made toward those possibilities in which the marginal benefits exceed marginal costs.

           For example, should one turn on the TV?  Does what is on TV accrue more benefit than expending the energy to turn the set on or to do something else?  Of course, calculations come into play as to the possibilities for benefits and costs with alternative choices in an uncertain world.

This analysis can be highly involved, but the mind handles the calculations fairly efficiently given the complexity of the choice and the information a person has at the time of the decision.  But in any event, certain stable conditions need to prevail for this type of calculation to be possible and should be considered.

         So, how is this relevant? Theoretical work in the field of political studies which has been based on these considerations is advanced by Anthony Downs.[1]  In his writing, the concern is focused on the role the above mentioned marginal or rational thinking has in political systems study.  The judgement here is that the rational assumption is a basic one for those students who employ the political systems approach.  Or if one wishes to delve a bit further, what is assumed are those elements of a political culture to be present and viable when such decisions are being made.[2]

         Daniel Moynihan shares this view:  “… American social science had pretty much settled on a utilitarian model in which behavior is explained by expectation of things yet to happen.  Rewards and punishments.”[3]  This critique is not that political systems and other derived models are crude behavioral efforts – all of them have taken pains to address other factors beyond rewards and costs – but the biases toward that sort of calculation are entrenched in systems theorizing and in their derived research.  

And therefore, their concerns for the formulation of goals and values – normative factors – seem wanting.  This is so if one considers that there are two sides to decision-making.  One side is the way the individuals see the benefits and costs before them, and the other is the development of the goals and values that establish what is judged to be beneficial and costly.  

This latter part of decision-making is mostly ignored in the political systems approach to the study of politics.  In most analyses, these aspects are taken as given, yet this critique deems these concerns essential if understanding and predictability are the ultimate goals of any given study.  The approach, by so assuming, adds to its reductionist tendency of only taking those factors immediately present when such decision-making takes place.

Money plays a role in these considerations.  Money is not an end in itself.  It is converted into many different things and conditions of life. When one says, “it’s only money,” one does not do money justice.  Money can mean peace of mind or a child’s health.  It can convert into recreation or education.  It can mean an untold number of things.  As such, it can represent goals and values.

To add to this situation, money can be counted in equal units. Therefore, there is a tendency for money to create an illusion.  The illusion is that money can represent goals and values.  It can be seen in different guises as a won contract or a promotion at work.  Money then seems to be the universal goal or value.  In capitalist economies, the attainment of money seems to permeate all aspects of life.  Sports, religion, and education seem to be measured in monetary terms.  

But upon reflection, people know that not all is for sale or measurable by a monetary value.  The significance of this is that systems’ view of counting on benefits and costs is further entrenched by the role of money.  Not only are all people after money, or so the assumption goes, but one can measure how much money – reward or benefit – it takes to get people to do something. There is a certain theoretical cleanliness about this view.

In short, what is being suggested is that human behavior, much less human thinking, emoting, planning, and other non-observable human “actions” are highly complex and involved and that doesn’t even consider what is at the subconscious level.  This posting ends with this introduction to decision-making and will continue with this point of contention in the next posting with a quote by Philip Selznick.

[1] Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, NY:  Harper and Row Publisher, 1957).

[2] See Jurgen R. Winkler, “Political Culture,” Britannica (n.d.), accessed February 9, 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-culture.   Winkler writes,

American political scientist Lucian Pye defined political culture as the composite of basic values, feelings, and knowledge that underlie the political process. Hence, the building blocks of political culture are the beliefs, opinions, and emotions of the citizens toward their form of government.

           … The classic study of political culture is The Civic Culture (1963) by American political scientists Gabriel Almond and Sydney Verba.

He goes on to point out that some studies look closer at subcultures within nations, but the effect is the same; it provides the landscapes by which decision-making can proceed as described here.

[3] Daniel P. Moynihan, Pandemonia:  Ethnicity in International Politics (New York, NY:  Oxford University Press, 1993), 30.

[jiraaff]

What is Scrum and How to become a Scrum Master with No Experience?

What is Scrum?

Scrum is a framework for managing and completing complex projects collaboratively and efficiently. It is an Agile methodology, which means it prioritizes flexibility and adaptability over strict plans and schedules. Scrum is used by teams across a variety of industries, from software development to marketing and beyond. This blog will provide you with accurate information about What Is Scrum and why you should consider becoming a scrum master.

One key aspect of Scrum is the role of the Scrum Master. The Scrum Master is a facilitator and coach for the team, responsible for ensuring the team is following Scrum principles and practices. They also serve as a liaison between the team and any external stakeholders. That’s not all the framework is designed to do. It is designed to facilitate communication and cooperation among cross-functional teams, and it is often used in software development, product management, and other fields where rapid development and continuous improvement are important. Scrum is based on a set of values and principles, and it is supported by specific roles, events, and artefacts that are designed to help teams work together effectively and deliver high-quality results.

A win-win situation where, in a few months, you have learned the most in-demand skill and you have a chance to lead a team. What could be more exciting than this?

What is the role of a Scrum Master?

The role of a Scrum Master is to facilitate and ensure the success of a Scrum team by:

Facilitating Scrum ceremonies such as sprint planning, daily stand-ups, sprint reviews, and sprint retrospectives.

Ensuring the team adheres to the Scrum framework and best practices, and promotes the Scrum values of transparency, inspection, and adaptation.

Removing any obstacles or impediments blocking the team’s progress, such as resolving conflicts, communicating with stakeholders, or removing external barriers.

Promoting and supporting a culture of continuous improvement within the team by facilitating retrospectives and implementing changes for better performance.

Acting as a coach and mentor for team members, helping them develop skills and knowledge in areas such as Agile methodologies, communication, and problem-solving.

Ensuring the team is aligned with the company’s vision and strategy and delivering value to the business.

It is important to note that the Scrum Master is not a traditional “manager” with formal authority over the team. Instead, they act as servant leaders to help the team improve their performance and delivery.

Loved what you read so far? Would you like to know about How to Become a Scrum Master with No Experience? Read On

Becoming a scrum master with no experience can be a challenging task, but it is achievable with the right approach. Here are some steps you can take to become a scrum master:

Learn the basics of Scrum: To become a Scrum Master, you must first understand the Scrum framework and its principles. You can start by reading the Scrum Guide, which is a comprehensive guide to the Scrum framework. Additionally, you can also take online scrum master certification courses training to learn more about Scrum.

Gather experience working on a Scrum team: Even though you may not have direct experience as a Scrum Master, you can gain valuable experience by working on a Scrum team. This could be through internships, volunteer opportunities, or even participating in open-source projects. This will give you a better understanding of how Scrum works in practice and what the role of a Scrum Master entails.

Get certified as a Scrum Master: To gain recognition as a Scrum Master, certification programs offered by organizations such as LeanPitch are an excellent option. These certifications can provide a thorough understanding of Scrum and showcase your knowledge and dedication to the field.

Build your skills and knowledge: As a scrum master, you will need a variety of skills and knowledge to help your team deliver value. This may include skills in communication, problem-solving, and team management. Also, you should be familiar with Agile methodologies, software development, and your organization’s field.

Get a mentor: Finding someone with experience as a scrum expert who can guide you and provide feedback on your progress can be valuable. A mentor can help you understand the challenges and opportunities of being a scrum master and provide you with practical advice.

Mentors at Leanpitch are well-authorized trainers and carry years of experience in the scrum field. They are aware of the industry and provide the right access to build networks, get recognized, and become an expert.

Find an opportunity: Once you have the knowledge, skills, and certification, look for an opportunity to practice as a scrum master. This could be through a part-time or freelance role or even a volunteer opportunity. This will give you the chance to apply what you have learned and gain experience in a real-world setting.

Get certification from leanpitch to become a successful scrum master.

[justinlyke]

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Our experts are experienced in Python programming, but they also have well-rounded skills and knowledge on the subject. This helps them understand the nuances of coding and provide students with answers that accurately solve the problem. On top of this, our online tutors can work with you to discuss any additional questions or topics related to your assignment to ensure a full understanding of the concepts involved. Simply send us your assignment along with any notes or ideas you may have, and our team will review it and get back to you quickly with helpful advice and support.

We offer a variety of services to help you with your Python programming assignments, from basic coding and debugging assistance all the way through to more advanced analysis and design questions. Our team has experience working with students of all levels and backgrounds, so no matter what your assignment looks like – whether it’s a tricky algorithm or an in-depth problem review – you can get the right help and receive reliable feedback quickly. Plus, our team is available around the clock, making it easy to access quality python programming help anytime you need it.

Our tutors and mentors are committed to helping you succeed. We walk you through the development process step-by-step, making sure to emphasize important concepts like design patterns, best practices, debugging techniques, and algorithm analysis. Plus, with our personalized feedback system you can get personalized academic feedback tailored specifically to your needs so that you learn more as you go along. No matter what issue or problem you’re facing with online Python assignments – from general coding problems to tricky polynomial equations – we have the solutions and guidance necessary for getting it done quickly and correctly.

Whether you’re stuck on a single line of code, have an entire assignment that’s giving you trouble, or need help deciphering the logic behind an especially challenging section of your course material, our team can provide the support and help you need. We work interactively with students so that we can tailor our advice to fit your unique needs and objectives. With a comprehensive range of tutoring services offered through our online platform, and experienced mentors who specialize in programming languages like Python, you can learn faster with more confidence. Get started on the path to success today by connecting with one of our team members – let us lend a hand while supporting your independence as a programmer!

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Ready for IELTS? Essential Insights on Online Intensive Courses and Preparation

Preparing for the IELTS exam can be a daunting task, but enrolling in an online IELTS intensive course can provide the structure and support you need to succeed. These courses are designed to maximize your learning in a short period, making them ideal for those with time constraints. In this blog post, we’ll explore what you can expect from an online IELTS intensive course and how to prepare effectively for it.

What to Expect from an Online IELTS Intensive Course

Structured Curriculum Comprehensive Coverage Online IELTS intensive courses typically follow a structured curriculum that covers all four sections of the exam: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Expect to engage in targeted practice for each section, with lessons designed to enhance your skills and boost your score.

Progressive Learning Courses often start with foundational concepts before gradually introducing more complex topics. This progression helps build your confidence and ensures you grasp essential strategies before moving on to advanced techniques.

Interactive Learning Environment Live Classes and Webinars Most online courses feature live classes led by experienced instructors. These sessions often include interactive discussions, real-time feedback, and opportunities to ask questions. The live format mimics the classroom experience while allowing for flexibility.

Group Activities Engagement is key in an online setting. Look forward to group activities, such as peer reviews and mock speaking tests, which encourage collaboration and provide valuable practice.

Access to Resources Study Materials Expect to receive a range of study materials, including practice tests, sample essays, and vocabulary lists. These resources will reinforce what you learn in class and provide additional practice opportunities.

Online Platforms Many courses utilize dedicated online platforms that offer interactive exercises, forums for discussion, and tracking tools to monitor your progress. Familiarizing yourself with these platforms early on will enhance your learning experience.

Regular Assessments Mock Tests Regular mock tests are a vital component of online IELTS intensive courses. These tests simulate the actual exam environment, helping you practice time management and get comfortable with the format.

Feedback Mechanisms Constructive feedback is essential for improvement. Instructors will typically provide personalized assessments of your performance, highlighting areas for growth and offering tips to enhance your skills.

How to Prepare for an Online IELTS Intensive Course

Set Clear Goals Identify Your Target Score Before starting the course, determine your target IELTS score based on your personal or academic goals. Knowing your aim will help you stay focused and motivated throughout the course.

Create a Study Plan Develop a study plan that outlines your objectives, deadlines, and areas to focus on. This plan will keep you organized and help you make the most of the intensive course.

Gather Resources Collect Study Materials Before the course begins, gather relevant study materials, such as IELTS preparation books, online resources, and practice tests. Having these on hand will allow you to hit the ground running.

Familiarize Yourself with the Test Format Understanding the structure of the IELTS exam is crucial. Review the types of questions you’ll encounter in each section and practice with sample materials to build familiarity.

Create a Conducive Study Environment Designate a Study Space Choose a quiet, comfortable space where you can focus during online classes and study sessions. Ensure that your study area is free from distractions and equipped with all the necessary materials.

Ensure Technical Readiness Check your internet connection and ensure your computer or device is set up for online classes. Familiarize yourself with the online platform used by your course to ensure a smooth experience.

Practice Time Management Balance Your Schedule An intensive course requires dedication and focus. Plan your daily schedule to allocate ample time for class participation, assignments, and self-study. Balancing these elements will help you manage the workload effectively.

Simulate Exam Conditions Incorporate timed practice sessions into your preparation. This will help you build stamina and learn to manage your time effectively during the actual exam.

Conclusion Enrolling in an online IELTS intensive course can be a game-changer in your exam preparation. By understanding what to expect and how to prepare effectively, you can make the most of this opportunity. With a structured curriculum, interactive learning, and dedicated support, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle the IELTS exam with confidence.

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Are you looking for the best mean stack training in kerala?

Mean Stack training in kerala, Zoople technologies is one of the best software training centers, can help you become an informed expert. With their teaching and advice, our qualified trainers can help you progress in your career. Always choose a first-rate training center that provides full employment assistance upon course completion.

The Mean Stack Java Development Training Program offers a comprehensive spectrum of software development skills and can potentially ensure employment. This should allow you access to all the necessary developer tools—and much more—to build a whole application. Become a Mean Stack Developer and advance your career by enrolling in Zoople's comprehensive training program, which ensures employment. Achieve professional advancement and land the job of your goals by earning your certification as a mean stack developer.

Gaining experience from the top mean stack training center in kerala can help you become a great software professional. You can pursue your career you have always wanted with the help of our four-month mean stack training in Kochi. The best software institute in Kochi is Zoople Technologies, where you may develop the knowledge and abilities you need to grow into your ideal jobs. Our trained mean stack specialists can provide the most beneficial advice for your development. According to student reviews, Zoople offers the best mean stack training in Kochi. After completing the course, we provide 100% job placement assistance. The various development tools included in Mean Stack Training Kochi are Express.js, Angular.js, MongoDB, and Node.js. Developers can use the same language for both front-end and back-end development with this course. Our faculties and 24/7 placement assistance can get you a job for sure and that's makes us the best mean stack training institute in kerala.