#al ma'mun
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tenth-sentence · 8 months ago
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All this strengthened Christian intellectual life, helping theologians think about God in the same sophisticated ways as al-Ma'mun's theorists in ninth-century Baghdad, but it also created new conflicts within the educated elite.
"Why the West Rules – For Now: The patterns of history and what they reveal about the future" - Ian Morris
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westbifire · 4 months ago
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I think the Senobium is inspired by The Grand Library of Baghdad aka The House of Wisdom
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I imagine this is what the rest of the Senobium looks like from up high, the circular wall and the tower in the middle.
If the Senobium was inspired through architecture and as a school by the House of Wisdom its not to farfetched to assume its similar in other ways.
So what was the Grand Library of Baghdad? Like the Senobium it was an academy and one of the world's largest public libraries during the Islamic Golden Age. Before it was a public library it was private collection of the second Abbasid caliph al-Mansur (al Mansur means conqueror). This collection housed more than 400,000 rare books from around the world. These books contained newly discovered and ancient information on philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, astrology, and physics.
Later under the decree of Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun this collection became an academy and public library where writers, translators, authors, scientists, and scribes (of all backgrounds and religions) would meet daily for translations (of the books to Arabic), writing, reading, and converse with each other. It would remain like this for more then two centuries.
Unfortunately the House of Wisdom was destroyed in 1258 during the Mongol siege of Baghdad. The books from Baghdad's libraries were thrown into the Tigris River in such quantities that the river was said to have run black with the ink from their pages.
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Thats all I got, hope yall liked the history info dump. I dont know for sure if the Senobium is inspired by this Library. If it is it would be cool to see how the devs would incorporate the libraries rich history and destruction in a fantasy setting.
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wordofprophet · 29 days ago
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Mecca in the Holy Quran is named as the Mother of Cities. Allah SWT says that Mecca is a safe haven for whoever enters it. Mecca is the city where Allah SWT commanded Adam (A.S.) and then Ibrahim (A.S.) to build the Kaaba or the house of God. Mecca was a strategic city for Muslims at the time of the Prophet (PBUH) as it was a place for pilgrimage and their qiblah. Muslims at the time of the Prophet (PBUH) were able to conquer it after breach of Hudaybiyyah peace treaty.
There are many names for Makkah, such as Bakkah, Al-Bayt Al-`Atiq (the Ancient House), Al-Bayt Al-Haram (the Sacred House), Al-Balad Al-Amin (the City of Safety) and Al-Ma'mun (Security). Makkah's names include Umm Rahm (Mother of Mercy), Umm Al-Qura (Mother of the Towns), Salah, [as well as others].
. . .
#allah#quran#islam#mecca#MeccaSaudiArabia#prophetmuhammad#islamicquotes#allahisthemostmerciful#allahakbar#islamicpost#islamicpage#islamdaily#muslimah#muslimquotes#muslimreminder#islamposts#islamicworld#jannah#islamic#muslimreminders#faithinallah#trustallah#islamicreminders#alhamdulilah#islamicposts#makkah
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oldgayjew · 5 months ago
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The pig-eating-knuckle-dragging cretins who are at war with the rest of the World are NOT Muslims ... they claim to act in accordance with Muslim Law but all they're doing is hiding behind a lie ... they are staging another "Mihna", which was an attempt after Muhammad's death by Caliph al-Ma'mun to STEAL religious authority ... they profane the Quran and dishonor the Prophet they claim to represent ... (surprised ? ... I love History)
They are the pagan infidels the Quran warns about ...
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rhuslan08 · 1 year ago
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قال المأمون: الناس ثلاثة: رجل منهم مثل الغذاء لا بد منه، ومنهم كالدواء يحتاج إليه في حال المرض، ومنهم كالداء مكروه على كل حال.
Al-Ma'mun rh berkata: "Manusia itu ada tiga jenis. Ada yg seperti makanan, selalu dibutuhkan orang lain. Ada yg seperti obat, dibutuhkan tatkala sakit. Dan ada pula yg seperti penyakit, dibenci di segala keadaan." #goresan pena ✍️ #sudut kota udang
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ahlulbaytnetworks · 2 years ago
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🍃🕊🍃 Caliph al-Ma'mun asked Imam Ali al-Reza (as),
"Who are the pure progeny?"
The Imam (as) replied,
“Those whom Allah described in His Book, for He says, “Verily, Allah has decreed to purify you, Ô’ AhlulBayt, and sanctify you in a perfect way”
🍃 Holy Quran 🍃
(33:33),
and they are the ones (regarding whom) the Messenger of Allah (S) said:
“Surely, I leave among you the two weighty things: The Book of Allah, and my progeny, my AhlulBayt. Surely, they will not part from one another until they return to me at the Pond. Be careful how you treat them after me. Ô people, do not teach them, for they know more than you.'"
🍃 Uyoon Akhbar al-Reza (as) 🍃
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🍃🕊🍃 Caliph al-Ma'mun asked Imam Ali (as), "Who are the pure progeny?"
The Imam (as) replied,
“Those whom Allah described in His Book, for He says, “Verily, Allah has decreed to purify you, Ô’ Ahlulbayt, and sanctify you in a perfect way”
🍃🕊🍃 Holy Quran (33:33) 🍃🕊🍃
and they are the ones (regarding whom) the Messenger of Allah (S) said:
“Surely, I leave among you the two weighty things: The Book of Allah, and my progeny, my Ahlulbayt. Surely, they will not part from one another until they return to me at the Pond. Be careful how you treat them after me. Ô people, do not teach them, for they know more than you.'"
🍃 yoon Akhbar al-Reza (as) 🍃
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mujahid123 · 1 month ago
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AL KINDI
Abu Yusuf ya'qub Ibn Ishaq as Sabah al-kindi born in 801 AD in Kufa he is known as the first Muslim philosopher During his life besides being able to speak Arabic he was proficient in Greek and Syriac in the western world he is known as alkindus Al-kindi was born into an Arab family who belonged to the kindah tribe one of the great tribes of the South Arabian Peninsula His father was a Governor in Kufa during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph when he was little al-kindi's father died Even though he's an orphan, he doesn't just give up or give up in studying Alkindi received her first education at Kufa He then left to complete his education in Baghdad because of his intelligence the caliph al-ma'mun then asked him to teach at the Baitulhikmah Al-kindi is a book translator many works of Greek philosophers
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m1totoslot · 2 months ago
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UMJ bedah buku 'PRAKSIS PANCASILA'
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Kita tidak boleh lupa dengan nilai-nilai ini, karena kalau sudah lupa dengan itu semua. Maka negara yang besar ini semakin lama akan semakin lemah
Tangerang (ANTARA) - Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (UMJ) mengadakan bedah buku karya Nasihin Masha berjudul 'PRAKSIS PANCASILA, Pengamalan Ideologi di Perusahaan Gobel' di Aula Pusat Studi Islam dan Pancasila (PSIP), Kamis.
"Buku ini memberikan prespektif lain, Pak Gobel ini berhasil menghadirkan Pancasila di perusahaannya dengan praktis. Bagaimana mengajarkan pegawai itu untuk upacara, bagaimana membangun masjid di perusahaan yang sempat ditentang oleh mitra perusahaan dari Jepang. Dan itu berhasil dijelaskan dengan argumen pancasilais," kata Rektor Univ. Muhammadiyah Jakarta Prof. Dr. Ma’mun Murod Al-Barbasy di Tangerang, Kamis.
Dalam kegiatan bedah buku sekaligus peluncuran ini menghadirkan pembicara Penulis Tetralogi Buku tentang Pancasila Dr. Yudi Latif, Penulis Buku 'Merahnya Ajaran Bung Karno' Dr Airlangga Pribadi dan penulis buku Politik Perda Syariah: Dialektika Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia Prof Dr Ma'mun Murod Al-Barbasy.
Buku PRAKSIS PANCASILA itu memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang nilai-nilai ideologi Pancasila yang diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari pada Perusahaan Gobel.
Prof. Dr. Ma’mun Murod Al-Barbasy menyebutkan, bahwa buku ini ditulis untuk memotivasi para mahasiswa, dengan mengisahkan pengalaman pribadinya mengenai penerapan ideologi Pancasila dalam pembangunan perusahaan Gobel Foundation.
Baca juga: BPIP: Kampung Aisandami jadi contoh penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila
"Dan ini bisa menjadi pembelajaran para elit politik kita bagaimana cara mengelola negara berdasarkan Pancasila," katanya.
Dia juga menekankan pentingnya membaca sebagai sarana untuk membuka wawasan dan menghadapi berbagai tantangan ke depan dengan tidak meninggalkan ideologi Pancasila.
"Diharapkan dengan adanya bedah buku ini supaya mahasiswa memahami siapa itu Gobel, karena selama ini kan selalu membahas sembilan naga. Dan saat ini hadir yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia sehingga bisa memotivasi para mahasiswa," kata dia.
Sementara itu, Matsushita Gobel Foundation Dr. (H.C.) Rachmat Gobel menyampaikan bahwa peluncuran buku tentang pengamalan ideologi yang diterapkan di perusahaannya itu bertujuan untuk memberikan motivasi kepada masyarakat dalam mepertahankan Negara Republik Indonesia (NKRI).
Kendati demikian, ia pun mencontohkan di dalam perusahaan harus menguasai teknologi, hal itu merupakan bagian dari mempertahankan ancaman-ancaman negara.
"Makanya kita harus kuasai, karyawan itu perlu membangun dedikasi dan integritas dalam menguasai teknologi," ucapnya.
Gobel juga mengungkapkan, buku PRAKSIS PANCASILA ini dibuat sebagai memberikan pemahaman kepada anak-anak muda dalam menghadapi era globalisasi tapa harus meninggalkan ideologi Pancasila.
"Kita tidak boleh lupa dengan nilai-nilai ini, karena kalau sudah lupa dengan itu semua. Maka negara yang besar ini semakin lama akan semakin lemah," terang dia.
Baca juga: BPIP: Astacita merupakan aktualisasi demokrasi ekonomi Pancasila
Penulis Tetralogi Buku tentang Pancasila, Dr. Yudi Latif menilai jika buku karya Nasihin Masha dengan judul 'PRAKSIS PANCASILA, Pengamalan Ideologi di Perusahaan Gobel' menarik sebagai teladan bagi semua pihak.
Sebab, katanya, nilai Pancasila yang dijelaskan dalam buku tersebut langsung dipraktikan oleh perusahaan Matsushita Gobel Foundation.
"Pertama, ini mengajarkan bahwa patriotisme tidak harus membawa senjata. Bisa juga dengan membangun teknologi, memperluas penempatan usaha. Dan semua itu menjadi kapasitas belajar sumber daya manusia lebih maju," jelasnya.
Menurutnya, di era globalisasi ini generasi muda tumbuh dalam tradisi moderen secara pesat, sehingga mereka perlu mendapat asupan yang bisa memberikan nilai-nilai Pancasilais.
"Artinya generasi sekarang bisa meniru hal yang sama, makanya menurut saya buku ini bisa menjadi alat pembelajaran Pancasila dengan cara baru, tidak dimulai dari butir harapan tetapi bisa dimulai dari keteladanan," ungkap dia.
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brookstonalmanac · 3 months ago
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Events 9.14 (before 1940)
AD 81 – Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. 786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun. 919 – Battle of Islandbridge: High King Niall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against the Vikings of Uí Ímair, led by King Sitric Cáech. 1180 – Genpei War: Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan. 1226 – The first recorded instance of the Catholic practice of perpetual Eucharistic adoration formally begins in Avignon, France. 1402 – Battle of Homildon Hill results in an English victory over Scotland. 1607 – Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland. 1682 – Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded. 1685 – Morean War: the Battle of Kalamata ends in a Venetian victory over the forces of the Ottoman Empire under the Kapudan Pasha. 1723 – Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena lays down the first stone of Fort Manoel in Malta. 1741 – George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah. 1752 – The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2). 1763 – Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole during Pontiac's War. 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Review of the French troops under General Rochambeau by General George Washington at Verplanck's Point, New York. 1791 – The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France. 1808 – Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Oravais. 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city. 1814 – Battle of Baltimore: The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner. 1829 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War. 1846 – Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court. 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought. 1901 – U.S. President William McKinley dies after being mortally wounded on September 6 by anarchist Leon Czolgosz and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. 1911 – Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is shot by Dmitry Bogrov while attending a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera House, in the presence of Tsar Nicholas II. 1914 – HMAS AE1, the Royal Australian Navy's first submarine, is lost at sea with all hands near East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. 1917 – The Russian Empire is formally replaced by the Russian Republic. 1936 – Raoul Villain, who assassinated the French Socialist Jean Jaurès, is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in Ibiza. 1939 – World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzeł in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.
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didyouknow-wp · 6 months ago
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tenth-sentence · 8 months ago
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Al-Ma'mun set up an Iraqi Inquisition* to bully other scholars into agreeing, but a few hard-core clerics ignored his threats and insisted that the Koran, God's own words, trumped everything – including al-Ma'mun.
*As was mentioned earlier, historians generally switch from the Greek name Mesopotamia to the Arabic name Iraq for the lands between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the seventh-century Muslim conquest.
"Why the West Rules – For Now: The patterns of history and what they reveal about the future" - Ian Morris
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moreaboutiraq · 1 year ago
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Alles wat je moet weten over Irak! 
Hallo iedereen! Ik ben Fatema ik ben 16 jaar oud en ik ben afkomstig uit Irak. Daarom ga ik jullie meer informatie over Irak, zoals wat er allemaal te doen is, wat er allemaal in de geschiedenis is gebeurd, meer over de cultuur en tradities van Irak en nog zoveel meer! Dus als je geïnteresseerd bent, scroll en lees dan zeker verder. 
Irak is een land in het Midden - Oosten, Azië. De hoofdstad van Irak is Baghdad.De buurlanden van Irak zijn Koeweit, Saoudi - Arabië, Jordanië, Syrië, Turkije en Iran.  Het gebied dat het huidige Irak inneemt is vrijwel hetzelfde als het vroegere Mesopotamië, het land tussen de rivieren Eufraat en Tigris. De eerste complexe menselijke beschavingen op aarde ontstonden hier, die van de Soemeriërs. Dit volk ontwikkelde rond 3400 v.Chr. het eerste schrift, de eerste voorbeelden van literatuur (Gilgamesj-epos), de eerste geschreven wetten, de eerste steden. Irak wordt daarom ook wel 'de bakermat van de beschaving' genoemd. De Soemeriërs waren vanaf circa 3500 v.Chr. georganiseerd in stadstaten, zoals Uruk, Ur en Lagasj. In de 7e eeuw kwamen de Arabieren, die in enkele jaren tijd heel Irak lostrokken van Perzische controle. Irak speelde een belangrijke rol in de Eerste Fitna, het eerste militaire conflict in de gelederen van de moslims. Het was het kerngebied van kalief Ali ibn Aboe Talib, die geconfronteerd werd met opstanden in Syrië en Egypte. In Irak bleef de bevolking Ali trouw, ook na zijn dood. Het (proto)sjiisme was daarmee geboren. Belangrijke islamitische stromingen als het kharidjisme en moetazilisme hebben hun oorsprong in Irak.
In de 8e eeuw stichtten de Abbasiden, die eerder de Omajjaden hadden afgezet, de stad Bagdad. De nieuwe heersers verplaatsen de islamitische hoofdstad van Damascus naar Bagdad. Deze stad werd nu het centrum van een wereldrijk, dat zich uitstrekte van diep in noordelijk Afrika tot aan de grens met China. Bagdad was een centrum van macht en wetenschap en gedurende lange tijd de grootste stad ter wereld. Onder de Abbasiden werd Irak het centrum van de zogenoemde vertaling beweging, waarbij honderden oud-Griekse teksten systematisch werden vertaald naar het Arabisch. In eerste instantie werden de vertalingen vaak door Syrische en Iraakse christenen gemaakt uit Syrische vertalingen van de Griekse origine. Belangrijke figuren in de vertalingsbeweging waren Hunayn ibn Ishaq en al-Kindi. De vertalingsbeweging werd ingeluid door de kalief al-Mansur, maar kwam onder de kalief al-Ma'mun pas echt op gang. In Bagdad werd de Arabische taal in korte tijd getransformeerd van een woestijntaal tot een van de drie talen van de antieke filosofie (naast het Grieks en het Latijn). Onder toezicht van de Abbasiden werd in Bagdad de sharia (het islamitische recht) voor het eerst vormgegeven. Op zoek naar politieke legitimiteit moedigden de kaliefen geleerden aan om het zeer beperkte aantal regels van de Koran aan te vullen met originele rechtbeginselen. Iraakse geleerden probeerden in de 9e eeuw voor het eerst vast te stellen en te documenteren welke mondelinge overleveringen over Mohammed (hadith) authentiek zijn. Juristen gebruikten de resulterende compilaties om de sharia te legitimeren en te herinterpreteren.
In 836 verplaatsten de Abbasiden hun troon naar Samarra, een door hen gestichte paleisstad zo'n 120 kilometer ten noorden van Bagdad. Waar Bagdad door de eeuwen heen veel oude monumenten is kwijtgeraakt als gevolg van het geweld dat de stad telkens weer overviel, is de oorspronkelijke kern van Samarra goed bewaard gebleven. De stad en haar monumenten zijn het belangrijkste bouwkundige bewijs van de glorie van het Abbasidentijdperk. UNESCO omschrijft de stad als 'het best bewaarde oorspronkelijke plan van een grote stad uit de late Oudheid'. Samarra bleef tot 892 de hoofdstad.
In de 10e eeuw brak een rumoerige periode uit, waarbij de centrale macht van de Abbasiden langzaam verdween. Noord-Afrika en Syrië kwamen in de loop van de 10e eeuw onder de heerschappij van de sjiitische Fatimiden en in de oostelijke gebieden waren de verschillende emiraten slechts in naam onderdanig aan Bagdad. Vanaf 930 was Bagdad de zetel van slechts een van drie kalifaten: in Mahdia zetelde het sjiitische Fatimidenkalifaat, terwijl Córdoba het centrum was van een soennitisch ‘tegen-Kalifaat’.
Vanaf de 10e eeuw raakte het land hyperverstedelijkt, op een schaal die pas weer te zien was in het 19e-eeuwse West-Europa. Steden zoals Bagdad, Koefa, Basra en Mosoel bereikten torenhoge inwonersaantallen en het platteland stroomde leeg. Dit had als effect dat de Iraakse economie in de 11e eeuw volledig instortte.
In 1258 werd een toen al flink gekrompen Bagdad met de grond gelijk gemaakt door de Mongolen. Ongeveer een eeuw later werd het land geplunderd door de Aziatische moslimheerser Timoer Lenk. Een verarmd Irak werd in de 16e eeuw ingenomen door de Ottomaanse Turken, wier rijk in 1917 ten val kwam.
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ahlulbaytnetworks · 9 months ago
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🍃🌸🍃 Samana al-Maghribiyya 🍃🌸🍃
Samana al-Maghribiyya known as "Sayyida" had the kunya of Umm al-Fadl and was the wife of Imam al-Jawad (as) and the mother of Imam al-Hadi (as). The kunya of Ma'mun's daughter and the other wife of Imam al-Jawad (as) was also Umm al-Fadl. The name of Imam al-Hadi's (as) mother is mentioned as Asma'. Samana was a maidservant who was bought for 70 dinars by the order of Imam al-Jawad (as). She fasted and prayed a lot. In a hadith, Imam al-Hadi (as) mentioned her mother a true knower of his rights and a dweller of paradise. Samana's grave is in the Shrine of 'Askariyyayn (as) in Samarra, beside the graves of Imam al-Hadi (as) and, Narjis (Imam al-Mahdi's (as) mother), Hakima (Imam al-Jawad's (as) daughter) and Hudayth (Imam al-'Askari's (as) mother). Samana has been mentioned among women who transmitted hadiths.
🍃🌸🍃 Children 🍃🌸🍃
All the children of Imam al-Jawad (as) were born from Samana. Samana's sons were Imam al-Hadi (as) Abu Ahmad Musa Mubarqa', Abu Ahmad Husayn and Abu Musa 'Imran and her daughters were Fatima, Khadija, Umm Kulthum, and Hakima.
🍃🌸🍃 The material for this article is mainly taken from سمانه مغربیه in Farsi WikiShia
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mehmetfath · 7 years ago
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Al Ma’mun: Mengembangkan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Al Ma’mun (berkuasa 813-833) adalah khalifah ketujuh Bani Abbas, setelah saudara seayahnya, Al Amin, terbunuh ketika terjadi serangan dari pasukan utusan Al Ma’mun ke Baghdad.
Berbeda dengan Al Amin yang terlalu sibuk menjaga kekuasaannya, Al Ma’mun banyak berkonsentrasi dalam mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, sastra, dan seni. Di antara bukti perhatiannya itu, ia mengembangkan perpustakaan Baitul Hikmah yang dibangun Harun Ar Rasyid, yang juga merupakan perpustakaan besar serta akademi keilmuan pertama di dunia, menjadi perguruan tinggi, perpustakaan, dan tempat penelitian. Gerakan penerjemahan manuskrip-manuskrip keilmuan juga digalakkan habis-habisan oleh Al Ma’mun. Ia juga mendirikan Majlisu-l Munazharah, yaitu majelis yang mengkaji tentang agama Islam, baik di rumah-rumah, masjid-masjid, hingga istana khalifah. Selain ilmu pengetahuan dan keagamaan, di bidang seni, negara ini juga punya ahlinya. Namanya Abu Yusuf Ya’qub ibn Ishaq yang juga dikenal dengan nama Al Kindi. Maka dengan segala kemajuan yang pesat ini, tak heran jika Baghdad saat itu adalah kota destinasi nomor satu para cendekiawan, karena ketika itu Baghdad-lah yang menjadi mercusuar ilmu pengetahuan dan pemegang puncak peradaban.
Namun, pencapaian hebat ini ternoda dengan sebuah fakta bahwa Al Ma’mun adalah pendukung paham sesat Mu’tazilah. Bahkan ia juga melaksanakan Al Mihnah untuk mendukung paham menyimpang itu. Al Mihnah adalah hukuman yang diberikan kepada siapa saja yang menentang ideologi Mu’tazilah. Keadaan ini terus berlanjut sampai Al Mutawakkil berkuasa dan melepaskan ideologi sesat ini dari kekhalifahan, dan mengembalikan paham Ahlussunnah.
Di antara yang mengalami hukuman Al Mihnah ini adalah Imam Ahmad. Ia terus dipenjara dan dihukum hingga ia dilepaskan nantinya oleh Al Mutawakkil. Al Ma’mun sendiri meninggal di Raqqa pada tahun 833, lalu jasadnya dibawa ke Tarsus dan dikuburkan di sana. Al Mu’tashim, saudara seayah Al Ma’mun, naik menjadi khalifah.
(Sumber: Artikel Republika: Al Ma’mun; Wikipedia: Mihna, Al Ma’mun, Al Kindi; Sejarah Para Khalifah - Hepi Andi Bastoni, Lc.)
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ancientegyptdaily · 2 years ago
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Original Entrance The original entrance of the GREAT PYRAMID is located on the north side, 7.9m east of the centerline of the pyramid. Before the removal of the casing in the middle ages, the pyramid was entered through a hole approximately 17m above the pyramid's base level. A row of double chevrons diverts weight away from the entrance. Several of these chevron blocks are now missing.
Robbers' Tunnel Today tourists enter the pyramid via the Robbers' Tunnel, which was long ago cut straight through the masonry of the pyramid. After running more-or-less straight and horizontal for 27m it turns sharply left to encounter the blocking stones in the Ascending Passage. It is possible to enter the Descending Passage from this point but access is usually forbidden. According to tradition the chasm was made around 820 AD by Caliph al-Ma'mun's workmen with a battering ram. Unable to remove blocking stones, however, the workmen tunneled up beside them through the softer limestone of the Pyramid until they reached the Ascending Passage. Some evidence suggests that some sort of robber's tunnel predated al-Ma'mun, and that the caliph simply enlarged it and cleared it of debris. [X]
Diagram
1= Original Entrance
2= Robbers’ Tunnel
3= Descending Passage
6= Ascending Passage
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