#academic blog

[theadamchronical]

Got results from exams back!

So, I was quite nervous but today I found out the scores and I got a 99.8% on my computer science exam, and a 100% on my advanced mathematics course!!!! I was also inducted into the National junior honors society and found out of my current GPA is a 4.0, so over all (academically) very good. Personally had a family emergency so on that end, absolutely horrible and will effect my family dynamic for years to come but hey. This isn’t a vent blog. We look for the positives here! So I’m finding the light in this time, and trying to support my loved ones as well. 🫶

Methods of study I used:

- Blurting my notes!

- USING BLOOKETS???? Absolute GOD SEND for studying if you have ADHD and quizlet gets boring for you.

[atruegift]

January 06, 2023 | Friday

First post of 2023 ✨ Here's the stack of the planners and notebooks that I will be using this year

[chanakakamal]

What happened in archaeology during the 20th century? - Part 2

As mentioned in the previous article, during the time before 1960 in the 20th century, the focus was on methodological improvements in archaeology. From 1960 on, the focus was on theoretical improvements in archaeology. This does not mean that the 1960s marked a clear line between methodological and theoretical development in archaeology. This means the majority of events and concerns in the discipline were slightly different before and after 1960.

What happened in archaeology after 1960s?

From 1960 on, archaeology transformed into a new version of itself. We refer to it as “New Archaeology”. So, the birth of new archaeology is the main thing that happened in archaeology after 1960.

What is New Archaeology?

In new archaeology, the main focus is on studying the cultural processes of past human societies. As you may remember, in the background era of archaeology, the focus was to discover the legendary cities of the past. In the Renaissance era, the focus was to collect antiquities and study the history of antiquity. Then, in the 19th century, the focus was on studying the history of humans and their culture. Again, in the 20th century before 1960, the focus was the same. Then, only after 1960, scholars started to study how human cultures were born, evolved, and changed.

In simple words, before this new archaeology, what archaeologists studied were random and independent events in the past related to humans. But with new archaeology, they studied how those events in history connected with each other. They studied how both intentional and accidental acts of human ancestors have shaped their culture. How did the things that past humans did as well as the things that happened to past humans shape the cultures of past humans? They examined. So, as archaeologists focused on this process of birth and evolution of cultures, we call this processual archaeology.

Read full article on New Archaeology: Processual Archaeology at kamalsjournal.com

Other than the birth of New Archaeology, there were a few important events and trends that occurred after the 1960s, as listed below:

Scholars like Lewis Binford introduced new theories that resulted the emergence of new archaeology

Gordon Childe had introduced his theory of the Neolithic Revolution, explaining how human ancestors domesticated animals and plants. He said that after the domestication of animals and plants, establishing settlements and making pottery took place in order. Archaeology became the scientific discipline to test these theories.

The extensive use of technology to analyse and interpret data

Studies transformed into problem-oriented studies. Scholars began to conduct studies to find answers to research questions.

The studies focused on providing more rational conclusions than ever.

Archaeologists introduced Rescue archaeology, or salvage archaeology, to save archaeological monuments and sites as warfare and development projects were causing huge destruction to them Soon, Archaeological Impact assessments became a necessity before development projects.

In 1970, scholars introduced cultural resource management to protect valuable archaeological sites and monuments. Then, they introduced archaeological heritage management and cultural heritage management too.

So, the new archaeology is an upgrade of archaeology that emerged in the 1960s with better theories and methods, focusing on studying the cultural processes of the human past through material data.

What Happened in Archaeology After 1980?

After 1980, the new archaeology was questioned, and a new version emerged, named post-processual archaeology. Scholars like Ian Hodder introduced new theories for archaeology. This age was literally a period of theoretical reform in archaeology. In order to understand archaeology in this age, the characteristics of new archaeology and post-processual archaeology can be compared.

The new archaeology focused on quantitative results. Post-processual archaeology focused on qualitative results.

The new archaeology was pessimistic. Post-processual archaeology was optimistic. In new archaeology, it was believed that past human cultures were never able to be reconstructed with the limited data found in archaeology. In post-processual archaeology, the approach was optimistic regarding the matter.

New archaeology focused on the processes that were behind creating antiquities. Post-processual archaeology focuses on the culture behind antiquities.

The new archaeology focused on explaining past landscapes as cultural processes. Post-processual archaeology focuses on cultural or cognitive aspects of past human beings.

New archaeology considered that past incidents happened that way because of external factors such as environmental conditions, and things only changed when the environment changed. But post-processual archaeology considers the choices made by humans in the formation of history.

New archaeology looked into the past from the same point of view as we look into the present. But post-processual archaeology looked at the past from different perspectives.

New archaeology tried to understand the past as patterns of social, economic, and political anomalies, but post-processual archaeology tries to understand the past as a collection of individual anomalies. As an example, in new archaeology, it will be said that the Stone Age is followed by the Bronze Age, and the Bronze Age is followed by the Iron Age as a pattern, with some minor exceptions, due to the nature of the impact from the environment. But, in post-processual archaeology, it will be specific with the place and time where and when the Stone Age was followed by which, either bronze, copper, or iron, considering the individuality of incidents and trends that occurred in the history of mankind due to the cognition of mankind, not the environment.

Read full article on Post-Processual Archaeology at kamalsjournal.com

Summary

As discussed above, the discipline of archaeology, which had already emerged in the 19th century, was developed further as a science in the 20th century. In the first six decades of the 20th century, the use of technology extensively developed archaeology as a science in practical ways, such as chemical dating methods.

Then, in the 1960s, the theoretical evolution of archaeology took place. Rather than explaining the story behind antiquities, the past human cultural process was studied with the use of antiquities, marking the first origin of the form of archaeology we have today, which is ‘studying through material data’. And also, archaeological heritage management was introduced to have standards for dealing with archaeologically important heritage.

Then, in the 1980s, with post-processual archaeology, the approach to archaeological studies changed. Earlier, mankind’s cognition was neglected when recreating the past through material remains. There, the environment was considered the force of evolution. Simply put, it said that human culture had changed due to environmental changes. But, in post-processual archaeology, it was said that human culture changed mainly due to the intelligence humans had. As humans, we could choose whatever we wanted with our intelligence. Further, it emphasised that the past is not a pattern but a collection of various occurrences that happened at various times and in various places individually.

As of today, the archaeology we refer to is this post-processual archaeology. So, this is the long process of the origin of archaeology. However, there is an ongoing, never-ending debate about processual archaeology vs. post-processual archaeology.

At this point, if you read all seven articles, I am sure you probably get the same image in your head as I do when I hear “History of Archaeology”. And now, most probably, you have your own idea of the origin of archaeology too.

[timetravell]

[mindfulstudyquest]

gentle reminder you can rise up from everything. you can recreate yourself. nothing is permanent. you are not stuck. you have choices. you can think new thoughts. you can learn something new. you can create new habits. all that matters is that you decide today and never look back.

[academic-vampire]

𝔰𝔬 𝔰𝔴𝔢𝔢𝔱 🍵

[study-diaries]

I will succeed. Not immediately. But definitely.

[wastedmishhty]

[pixieverse-icedtea]

do you want to be a bookstore owner, cafe owner or a flower shop owner

[literarydesire]

The sort of work that feels like play

[holliewestwood]

Progress Not Perfection

I’m still in the early phases of this research project - which feels daunting given my deadline is at the beginning of January. But I am happy with where I am at. I’ve laid a solid groundwork with lots of reading. The government White Paper on Levelling Up isn’t one I’ll be reccommending to a friend, but I’ve really enjoyed reading Mark Robinson (www.thinkingpractice.co.uk) and François Matarasso (www.aresstlessart.com). I’ve got interviews lined up, which both me and my supervisor thought would be unlikely so that’s a big relief. And I have put together the beginnings of a structure which puts me in a good place to start writing over the weekend.

In the quieter moments of this week, I’ve been agonising over my title after a friend commented on Monday: “you only have a working title? God, that stresses me out!” Whilst I’m trying to see the entire project as a work-in-progress (I have a post-it note stuck to my computer monitor which reminds me progress not perfection) I think I may also have stumbled across a suitably obtuse title: Placemaking in the Mainstream: Rectifying spatial disparities in access to arts and culture in England. 

The aim of the project is to investigate the relationship between Arts Council England’s Let’s Create strategy and the Government’s Levelling Up agenda in an attempt to assess how they both seek to address spatial disparities in the arts and culture sector. Currently, I’m finding myself quite torn about where I actually stand on some of the issues. In particular, the apparent closing of the gap between the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and the Arts Council as an Arm’s-Length-Body is disheartening at best, alarming at worst. As someone who is usually quite uncompromising in her views, however, I’m enjoying this research process as one where I feel I am able to genuinely learn and have fun with that.

Really, this post has been quite rambly and I hope to write something more towards the academic side of the academic blogging spectrum next week. I said, though, that I would post every week - and that I have done.

[atruegift]

November 09, 2023 °Thursday

Well......well...well.... I'm back!!! Truth be told, I have been wanting to post and update you guys but I have just been really busy with work. I do miss this site and posting updates on here so I do hope to return to posting regularly.

[nenelonomh]

having boundaries with yourself

➼ having a bedtime

➼ deciding the minimum and maximum amount of time you can dedicate to work each week

➼ setting limits on the amount of screen time you have

➼ having an amount of time per week you move your body

➼ limiting your alcohol/highly processed food consumption

➼ keeping a budget

➼ deciding how often you will travel or go on vacation and sticking to it

➼ going to doctors and dentist appointments regularly

➼ paying bills on time

➼ doing work (school or not) on time

➼ wearing sunscreen when you go outside

(images from pinterest)

[bidiotka]

being a full-time kendrick fan and drake hater who also happens to be on tumblr is FINALLY paying off. everyone wants to fuck me because I don’t have to google the 2013 BET awards, “who is aubrey” or what role Ozempic plays in their feud. I have been training for this for 10 years

[mindfulstudyquest]

it gets easier. everyday, it gets a little easier, but you gotta do it everyday. that's the hard part. but i promise it gets easier.

[thesecrethistori-an]

New setup for a new academic challenge! (I'm starting a PhD)