#Youth employment

[europeanstudentthinktanks]

Three years after Britain’s exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the European Student Think Tank’s Working Group on Youth Employment, headed by Tiéphaine Thomason (Cambridge), discusses the effects of Brexit on youth employment.

The discussion is led by Tiéphaine Thomason (Cambridge), Geena Whiteman (Cardiff), Achilles Tsirgis (Athens), Tomás Ruiz (Brussels), Casper Reede (Montréal) and Zofia Borowczyk (Bristol).

Watch it on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S2ScT_RcwU

[townpostin]

Congress-JMM Govt Increased Wages, Launched Schemes for Women: Dr. Ajoy Kumar

Minimum wages hiked, women to receive ₹1,000 per month under Maiyan Samman Yojana The Congress-JMM alliance government in Jharkhand has launched several welfare schemes to uplift women, laborers, farmers, and youth, according to Dr. Ajoy Kumar. JAMSHEDPUR – Dr. Ajoy Kumar, former MP and senior Congress leader, announced that the Jharkhand India alliance government has launched several welfare…

[golearners]

Youth Employment 2024 Recruitment of Kitchen Assistants

The Youth Employment Agency (YEA), in collaboration with the Ghana Education Service (GES), has opened its portal to receive applications from applicants who want to be recruited, trained, and deployed as kitchen assistants in secondary schools. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Persons within the ages of 18-35. Minimum qualification of Senior High School education. Applicants of Teaching Assistants must…

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"The Canadian Youth Commission, which owed its very creation in 1940 to the King government’s recognition of the Depression’s toll on the young, emphasized how the experience had imprinted this generation. Surveying youth organizations across the nation, the CYC

quickly discovered that no one under thirty remembered normal times. . . . So deep are the scars left upon Canadian youth from the Depression years that any of their discussions of postwar employment were prefaced . . . by reference back to what had been and what must never come again.

As one Quebec youth group submitted, unemployment caused more damage among young people than among adults:

It confuses them in a period of adaptation and development, undermines their confidence in life and can even destroy their latent possibilities.

The CYC’s final report on this topic, Youth and Jobs, urged national responsibility for full employment. The commission wanted to see programs for youth aged sixteen to twenty-one that offered paid work “of varied kinds” as well as physical, vocational and citizenship training, the latter to ensure “the experience of democratic living.” Remembering the Depression’s army-regulated work camps for single unemployed men, the majority of youth polled expressed their opposition to any idea of compulsory national service. Instead they called for “projects of general value” that offered “real wages,” including conservation; construction of rural schools, libraries, parks, shelters, and tennis courts; and a variety of possible services to public and private agencies. The “real objective” of the plan would be the development of “good citizens who would find a normal place for themselves in the life of the community.” Like their elders, the young adopted the language of citizenship and national welfare—a language that obviously held much resonance for Canadians of this time—to promote their generational ends.

By 1940, three broad youth-employment trends had become evident. First, not surprisingly, the wide-open field of unskilled and semi-skilled labour remained the predominant employer of the youngest among the under-twenties; second, white-collar vocations, represented by the clerical and professional occupations, did not recruit substantial numbers until the ages of seventeen or eighteen; third, the level “distinguished either by seniority and experience or extended education” recruited hardly at all before the age of twenty-one and often long after that age. Recruitment to the skilled trades among workers under twenty-one was relatively small-scale, although, as discussed, it had been showing some signs of growth before the crash of 1929. For urban youths, the largest occupational fields appeared to “wax and then wane” in rhythm with their stage of adolescence, some very early and others toward the end. The lowest service category, comprising store delivery boys, messengers, bellboys, and predominantly female domestic servants, lost members rapidly as early as the age of seventeen, a “mortality” that characterized the so-called blind-alley or stopgap occupation. While some young Canadians moved on of their own accord, with a “noticeable influx” to the intermediate manual groups at the ages of seventeen and eighteen, these were lines of work where younger employees were actually most in demand. By the age of seventeen, “boys’ rates” had to be raised, making it more profitable for employers to replace the maturing delivery boy from a younger and cheaper reserve. Likewise, the intermediate service sector, although open slightly longer, was fairly closed to persons over twenty-one years old. The largest category open to the under-twenties, therefore, was unskilled industrial work, mainly light factory jobs. Yet the ephemeral nature of work in this area is revealed in the fact that it also accounted for the largest number of the unemployed.

Published on the eve of World War II, Leonard Marsh’s employment study concluded on an ominous note where jobs for Canadian adolescents, most particularly future male breadwinners, were concerned:

The narrowing of opportunity on the very threshold of manhood thus backs up on itself . . . a large part of the fund of labour which in the ’teens may seem to have wide scope.

Some young workers might feel the pressure after their first job, at fifteen or sixteen; others experienced it at nineteen or twenty, when the supply of unskilled labour was enlarged by migrants from the farm and overseas, who tended to be somewhat older, and when learner posts were much harder to find, with most provinces adhering to an upper age limit of twenty-one years for formal apprenticeship. Young women encountered the restraining effects of market demand even sooner. The service category, already disproportionately composed of women, contained fewer eighteen and nineteen year olds than any other age, while the numbers of “light” factory workers among women also declined after the age of twenty. Marriage partly explains the decline, but age was also an important factor: there was more demand for younger girls in these areas, and younger girls—with little or no experience and consequently few alternatives—were also more likely to take up the jobs. Cheap female labour was typically a little younger than cheap male labour as a result. Sharing a common view, Marsh argued that young women’s own attitudes and ambitions most often shaped their prospects. He conceded, however, that modern industry’s growing dependence on young unskilled female labour, and the evidence of oversupply in white-collar fields, made it impossible to regard the problem of training and entry-level positions for youth “as only a male one.”

None of these findings about the youth labour market and the nature of employment during the interwar years is startling. By World War II, employment beyond the dead-end or blind-alley jobs was contingent on the education of the job-seeker—a fact underscored by the economic crisis just ending. Put simply, the steadier, better-paying, and more promising jobs accrued to the better-schooled—and therefore usually older—of the youth sector, especially among young men. The data call into question any notion of a “golden age” for unskilled youth employment that might have existed before schooling or specialized training, as well as maturity, were requisite. Gaining entry into the world of wage labour, especially for those who left school before age sixteen, was challenging simply because of their age. The majority of that group stepped into adulthood as cheap and dispensable labour. Nor was this simply an outcome of the Depression. Long-term structural changes in production meant that modern commerce and industry had fewer places than formerly for beginners, the vast majority of whom were under twenty. Many of the unskilled jobs customarily the lot of the young were now performed by machinery; many of the new jobs resulting from production changes required the skills, or at least the experience base, of older workers. In fact, reasoned the Canadian Youth Commission, in “a great majority” of cases, even when the work was classified “unskilled,” jobs called for “a certain physical and mental maturity” and “a degree of emotional stability” that Canadian youth, “from the very fact that they are young,” could not be expected to have. It was generally believed that, where under-eighteens were employed, “the usual experience” was higher costs to the employer because of age related higher accident rates, breakage and wastage, the extra supervision required, and the higher rates of turnover.

Technological advances had made increased training a prerequisite of employment. For many young Canadians, certain occupational paths were thus closed: their families lacked the means to provide for this training. This was especially the case in the category of white-collar and professional employment, the means of entrance into which were tightly class-, race-, and gender-delimit- ed as well as age-defined. The CYC’s 1943 national youth opinion survey showed that 40 per cent of young Canadians would enter the professions if they could, in stark contrast to the 5 to 6 per cent of high school students who actually went on to the university courses that the professions demanded—and the population of high school students, while steadily on the rise, still represented less than half of the public school population. Most commentators were agreed that education, including vocational guidance, was the solution. What was needed above all was “a detailed occupational outlook service for the whole school leaving population,” which would allow for “constructive and scientific planning for Canadian youth."

- Cynthia Comacchio, The Dominion of Youth: Adolescence and the Making of Modern Canada, 1920-1950. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2006. p. 154-156.

[futureskills49]

Empowering Youth Employment: How Future Skills SA and Feenix are Shaping the Future

The Importance of Youth Employment

Youth Employment is more than just providing jobs; it’s about fostering economic stability, reducing poverty, and creating a more inclusive society. Young people are the future of any nation, and their active participation in the workforce is crucial for sustainable development. Here are some reasons why youth employment is vital:

Economic Growth: When young people are employed, they contribute to the economy through their skills, innovation, and productivity. Their fresh perspectives and adaptability can drive economic progress and competitiveness.

Social Stability: Employment opportunities for the youth reduce the risk of social unrest and increase societal cohesion. It helps in mitigating issues like crime, drug abuse, and other social vices that often arise from unemployment.

Personal Development: Employment provides young individuals with the chance to develop their skills, gain work experience, and build their professional networks. It fosters a sense of independence, responsibility, and self-worth.

Bridging the Skills Gap: As industries evolve, there is a growing demand for new skills. Providing youth with relevant training ensures that the workforce remains competitive and capable of meeting the demands of modern industries.

Future Skills SA: A Pathway to Success

Future Skills SA is committed to transforming the landscape of youth employment by offering comprehensive training programs, mentorship, and support systems. Our mission is to empower young individuals to achieve their full potential and secure meaningful employment opportunities.

Our Key Initiatives Include:

Skills Training Programs: We offer a wide range of training programs designed to equip young people with in-demand skills. From digital literacy and coding to soft skills and entrepreneurship, our programs are tailored to meet the needs of various industries.

Career Counseling and Mentorship: Our experienced counselors and mentors provide guidance and support to help young individuals navigate their career paths. Through personalized counseling sessions and mentorship programs, we ensure that they make informed decisions about their future.

Job Placement Assistance: We work closely with industry partners to identify job opportunities and match our trained candidates with suitable positions. Our strong network of employers ensures that our graduates have access to a wide range of employment options.

Workshops and Seminars: Regular workshops and seminars on career development, job search strategies, and industry trends keep our participants updated and prepared for the job market.

Entrepreneurship Support: For those with an entrepreneurial spirit, we offer resources and support to help them start and grow their businesses. This includes access to funding, business development workshops, and mentorship from successful entrepreneurs.

Feenix: Unlocking Potential through Education

Feenix, an innovative crowdfunding platform, plays a crucial role in making education accessible to all. By enabling students to raise funds for their education through community support, Feenix helps bridge the financial gap that often hinders young people from completing their studies and entering the workforce.

How Feenix Works:

Student Registration: Students register on the Feenix platform, providing details about their educational needs and goals.

Fundraising Campaigns: They create personalized fundraising campaigns, sharing their stories and aspirations with potential donors.

Community Support: Donors, including individuals and organizations, contribute to the campaigns, helping students cover their tuition fees and other educational expenses.

Empowerment through Education: By alleviating the financial burden, Feenix ensures that students can focus on their studies and graduate with the skills needed to succeed in the job market.

The Synergy between Future Skills SA and Feenix

The partnership between Future Skills SA and Feenix creates a powerful synergy that addresses both the educational and employment needs of the youth. By combining resources and expertise, we provide a holistic approach to youth empowerment.

Benefits of the Partnership:

Access to Education: Feenix ensures that financial barriers do not prevent young people from pursuing their education. This aligns with Future Skills SA’s mission to equip them with the skills needed for employment.

Comprehensive Support: From educational funding to skills training and job placement, our collaborative efforts provide a seamless transition from education to employment.

Community Engagement: Both organizations emphasize the importance of community involvement. By engaging donors, mentors, and industry partners, we create a supportive ecosystem that nurtures youth development.

Enhanced Opportunities: The combined resources and networks of Future Skills SA and Feenix expand the opportunities available to young individuals, increasing their chances of securing meaningful employment.

Conclusion

Youth employment is a cornerstone of economic and social development. Through the dedicated efforts of Future Skills SA and the innovative platform provided by Feenix, we are creating pathways for young people to achieve their dreams and contribute to society. By empowering the youth with education and skills, we are not only enhancing their future prospects but also building a stronger, more inclusive economy. Together, we are shaping a brighter future for the next generation.

[yuvayou]

Youths : Catalysts for Change in the Modern Era

Youth generation is a generation that looks forward to a better tomorrow, with the tools and knowledge to affect change in a given era. This power lies in the hands of youth and the power as backed by the technological enhancement, connectivity, and the overall call for change. Therefore, there can be little doubt that empowerment as a theory represents a light of hope and a need, an imperative of our current time, for today’s youths. The term ‘youth’ is a very wide one because it covers a lot of people from young people who are still in the adolescent age to young adults who are still in their young adulthood looking for job, purpose, and place to make a difference. While the previous generations achieved certain milestones and paved the way towards progress, today’s young generation is challenged by a different set of conditions, which are rooted in globalization, technological integration, and socio-economic instabilities. However, in this context, numerous untouchable opportunities for power and growth are hidden. In other words, it is about enabling individuals to make a change – to provide them with the skills , necessary means and the ability to control their outcomes as well as the surrounding environment. In the case of the youth, political empowerment takes multiple forms of release and operates beyond a singular box and margin, which provoke change across various sectors. Education is thus underlined as the base for youth’s power in as much as it provides young people with the knowledge instruments they can apply in both work and decision-making domains. It breaks the information barrier that bombards the youth with data, knowledge, but grants them opportunities to learn to inquire, create, and build a world powered by enlightening knowledge. Also, education empowers youths as it provides them with the awareness as well as the tools for socio-political realms. But, in its broader sense, disengagement is not limited to the academic circles alone; it is a concept that cuts across different areas of life including business, politics, social justice, and many more. Take the case of social entrepreneurship, for instance there is Projection of how youth creatively engage in enterprise to solve major social challenges by enhancing economic gain and sustainable development. From clean tech businesses to fashion companies with sustainable values, young people are not only contributing to global economic recovery but also contributing to the introduction of the new kind of economy that puts social and environmental responsibility as a top priority.

Thus, the role of the youth empowerment remains one of the key goals of the society’s development in the modern world that can impact the societies’ future and produce change all around the world. These are the shapers of the horizon and all they lack is someone to back them up and allow them to point out the world’s direction

www.yuvayou.in/contact-us

[esthinktank]

thinktankbot

Trends in Youth Employment: a discussion

This discussion between a panel of young researchers and youth representatives explores recent trends and developments in youth employment across Europe. Our speakers include Doina Postica, Leonie Westhoff, Flavia Gabriela-Sandu, Lara Brett and Zofia Borowczyk. These touch upon a wide range of issues, from labour market fragmentation, green skills, gender imbalances in employment, to difficulties faced by young people in the school-to-work transition. The event was organised by the European Student Think Tank's Youth Employment Working Group, by Tomás Ruiz de la Ossa, moderated by Achilles Tsirgis and Casper Reede, with support from Tiéphaine Thomason. Please note that all views expressed in this discussion remain those of the individual speakers and not the European Student Think Tank as an organisation.

Link: www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqv5pY9BZf0 

[futureskillssaseo-blog]

Nurturing Youth Employment Opportunities: Empowering South African Youth with Future Skills SA and Feenix

Understanding the Importance of Youth Employment

Youth Employment plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, reducing poverty, and promoting social inclusion. When young people have access to meaningful employment opportunities, they can contribute to the development of their communities, support their families, and fulfill their potential. However, for many youth in South Africa, finding employment remains a significant challenge due to factors such as limited education, skill mismatches, and a lack of access to resources.

Empowering South African Youth with Future Skills SA

Future Skills SA is a leading organization dedicated to empowering South African youth with the skills, training, and support they need to succeed in the workforce. Through a range of programs and initiatives, Future Skills SA works to bridge the gap between education and employment, providing young people with the tools and resources they need to build successful careers. From skills development workshops to mentorship programs, Future Skills SA offers a holistic approach to youth empowerment, helping young people unlock their full potential and pursue meaningful careers.

Introducing Feenix: A Platform for Student Funding

Feenix is a revolutionary crowdfunding platform that enables South African students to access funding for their tertiary education. Founded on the principle of “the power of many,” Feenix harnesses the collective generosity of donors to support students in need, providing them with the financial assistance they need to pursue their studies and achieve their academic goals. By removing financial barriers to education, Feenix empowers students to focus on their studies, graduate with confidence, and enter the workforce with the skills and qualifications they need to succeed.

Creating Pathways to Employment

Future Skills SA and Feenix recognize that education is the key to unlocking opportunities for youth employment. That’s why they work together to create pathways to employment for South African youth, providing them with the education, training, and financial support they need to build successful careers. Through collaborations with employers, educational institutions, and government agencies, Future Skills SA and Feenix connect young people with internships, apprenticeships, and job opportunities, helping them gain valuable work experience and access the resources they need to thrive in the workforce.

Together, Future Skills SA and Feenix are making a tangible difference in the lives of South African youth. By providing them with the skills, education, and financial support they need to succeed, these organizations are empowering young people to overcome barriers to employment and build bright futures for themselves and their communities. Through their innovative approaches to youth empowerment and education, Future Skills SA and Feenix are helping to create a more inclusive and prosperous South Africa for generations to come.

Conclusion: Building a Brighter Future for South African Youth

In conclusion, youth employment is a critical issue facing South Africa, but organizations like Future Skills SA and Feenix are working tirelessly to address this challenge. By providing young people with the skills, education, and financial support they need to succeed, these organizations are creating pathways to employment and empowering youth to build brighter futures for themselves and their communities. With their innovative approaches to youth empowerment and education, Future Skills SA and Feenix are helping to shape a more inclusive and prosperous South Africa for all.

[socialjusticeday]

Social Justice: The African Youth Challenge.

This World Day of Social Justice, ILO Africa brings together representatives from the international development community to hear from the youth on what they say they need to realize their and discover their solutions to Africa's social injustices.

With half the population of Africa aged 19 or under, and a quarter of the world's people expected to be living on the continent by 2050, social justice cannot be achieved globally if it is not first realized for the youth in Africa. This World Day of Social Justice, ILO Africa brings together representatives from the international development community to hear from the youth on what they say they need to realize their dreams, and discover their solutions to Africa's social injustices.

[candaceclaire]

SEW-OP - sewing up co-operation!

Creating employment one stitch at a time...

[reportwire]

Whittier Street Health Center Among 100 Organizations Selected for AG Grant to Partly Fund Summer Jobs for Youth

Whittier Street Health Center Among 100 Organizations Selected for AG Grant to Partly Fund Summer Jobs for Youth

Summer Youth Employment Program at Whittier Gets a Financial Boost From Healthcare Settlement Money From AG Maura Healey’s Office Press Release – updated: Jul 16, 2019 ROXBURY, Mass., July 16, 2019 (Newswire.com) – ​​​​Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey recently announced her office will award Whittier Street Health Center ​part of the state’s healthcare settlement money in a grant to…

[peachcitt]

punches you in the face. don’t use ai for stupid shit. hey. look me in the eyes. anything you want to ask gemini meta mr beast look-alike whatever the fuck you can just google. please just fucking read. is it that bad to think for yourself. is it too much to ask for you get your wrong answers and shitty party ideas from friends and family and strangers on the internet like god intended. jesus christ

[townpostin]

Air Vice Marshal Backs Agniveer Scheme at Jamshedpur Meet

Retired Officer Highlights Long-Term Benefits for Nation and Youth Former Air Force leader addresses concerns, emphasizes scheme’s potential impact on national security and youth employment. JAMSHEDPUR – Retired Air Vice Marshal Sardar Harbans Parminder Singh, a Vir Chakra recipient, advocated for the Agniveer Yojna during a recent public address, citing its long-term benefits for India. The…

[golearners]

Youth Employment 2023 Recruitment of Youth in Sanitation - Zoomlion | Apply Here

Youth Employment 2023 Recruitment of Youth in Sanitation – Zoomlion | Apply Here As part of the effort to reduce the rising rate of unemployment in the country, the Youth Employment Agency (YEA) in line with the YEA Act 2015 (Act 887), oversees the development, coordination, supervision, and facilitation of employment for the youth and related matters in Ghana and in partnership with the Ghana…

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"By the 1930s, all provincial statutes stipulated that young persons were not to be employed in work where their health was “liable to be injured.” Such an imprecise directive, however, left great scope for interpretation and especially for neglect. None of the provincial factory laws required that industrial establishments be regularly inspected by physicians or medical officers of health.

The medical profession, despite its dominant role in the period’s campaigns to regulate child health and education, and despite its growing interest in adolescence, was decidedly vague about the relationships between health, class, age, and the nature of work:

The damage done to the child from excessive work may be difficult to detect until he has been engaged at it for a period of years.

Consistent with the larger “expert” discourse on adolescence, medical concerns that were explicitly tied to the life stage of these young workers referred to emotional or psychological more than to physical problems. Thus doctors worried about the “striking phenomenon” of youth’s “rebellion against authority,” a phenomenon otherwise regarded as “normal” among adolescents. For young workers, some contended,

monotony in this period of life will kill the best instincts of the future citizen, and very often leads to Bolshevistic tendencies, or some-times to the vicious characters so often encountered in city life.

Young workers might, moreover, embrace views “sufficiently warped to drag down hundreds or even thousands.” Where young women were concerned, doctors worried about the impact of fatigue and other work-related health threats on the fragile physical and nervous systems of this “delicate” group, considering that they might lead to “permanent derangement of health and difficulty in childbearing.” The “fundamental fact” determining women’s place in industry was simply that “nearly every woman is a potential mother.” Young working women were believed to be even more prone to all manner of “breakdowns” than were their more affluent sisters. Such concerns about the health of young workers and worker efficiency were closely connected, often masking anxieties about production with those about reproduction.

...much of the evidence about youth labour in the past is patchy, often anecdotal and autobiographical. A significant part of young people’s work defied easy measurement because of its marginality and even invisibility in the formal labour market. Yet there is enough evidence to sustain the notion of its persistence and its continued importance to families, and also to show that social convention and familial expectations upheld a certain filial duty in this regard, especially but not exclusively in immigrant households. One young woman who had left Naples for Montreal as a child was obliged to take on full-time factory labour at the age of thirteen:

This was hard work. I used to get up at five o’clock as it took an hour to reach work on the street car. We worked from 7 to 5 and though I was supposed to weigh macaroni in the boxes, I had to do much other work and this was very hard.

Despite the steady chorus of worries about child and youth labour, it was also the general wisdom that some sort of part-time, after-school, or weekend job would convey critical lessons in self-discipline, money management, thrift, and the importance of earning one’s keep through honest toil. Chatelaine magazine promoted sales by regularly exhorting its (largely female) readership to “help your boy or girl to help him or herself ” by “showing them” the opportunity to sell subscriptions door to door. Fathers were urged to “give your boy or girl an early start in training for business” in this manner.

A great many young adolescents held part-time jobs, a pattern that seems to have been the norm even in fairly well-off middle-class families during this period. For some families, of course, the need was entirely economic. A.W. Currie remembered the intensive labour that his part-time job—necessary support for his widowed mother in small-town Ontario in the 1920s—demanded of him:

My big break came when I was 15 for I got a job in the town’s largest grocery store after school on Saturdays and during the summer holidays. From some points of view it was hard work. . . . I had to help fill shelves from stock in the basement; put the proper weight of white or brown sugar, salt and such in bags for subsequent sale; do the same for anything from tumeric to prunes and coffee on customers’ order . . . , write out orders given by customers across the counter or over the telephone; remember the correct price of every article including what was on sale that weekend, for only a few prices were displayed within the store . . . , clean, get accustomed to wearing a long apron and “remain pleasant all day.”

Currie worked after school from four to six o’clock, Monday to Friday. On Saturdays he worked from six in the morning until eight in the evening— “at full clip” during the final four or five of these fourteen hours, in order to fill all orders before the store closed. For this he received four dollars per week and, during summer vacation, seven dollars for six full days’ work.

Opportunity for part-time work also reflected gender conventions that were often reinforced by the nature of the local economy. In the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of central interior British Columbia—the so-called hub of the Cariboo, with its important lumbering and service sectors—the nature of the local economy meant that few adolescent girls worked part-time while still in school during the 1940s and early 1950s. Boys, on the other hand, easily found “some kind of little job” in stores, garages, or with tradespeople. Parents in an affluent anglophone Montreal suburb in the 1950s agreed that their teenagers learned “proper” economic values through after-school jobs that would impress upon them the virtues of work and saving. As one mother described it,

I’ve always encouraged the boys to take any stray jobs—cutting the grass of neighbours, putting up storm windows, even baby-sitting. . . . It’s not the money. They should learn that you just don’t get money, you work for it. It develops a sense of responsibility.

Part-time work was the norm for adolescent boys in the community, and increasingly common for girls."

- Cynthia Comacchio, The Dominion of Youth: Adolescence and the Making of Modern Canada, 1920-1950. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2006. p. 135-136.

[lilithism1848]