#Wireless rf frequency

[lry2ylesss]

Wireless rf frequency, digital audio mixer circuit programming, RFID capability

NT3H2111 Series 3.6 V 13.56 MHz Surface Mount RFID Transponder - XQFN-8

[wliam2ttrr]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--wireless-rf--receiver-ics/clrc63201t-0fe-112-nxp-2283646

NXP, CLRC63201T/0FE,112, Wireless & RF Receiver ICs

CLRC632 Series Multiple Protocol Contactless Reader IC (MIFARE/I-CODE1) -SOIC-32

[dnld2rrera]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--wireless-rf--rf-modules-solutions--gps/max-8q-0-u-blox-3122418

RF Modules, Digital rf modulator, Proprietary RF Module, Radio frequency module

MAX-8 Series 3.6 V u-blox 8 GNSS TCXO ROM Green 9.7x10.1 mm LCC Module

[gry2ndezz]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/electromechanical--timing-devices--crystals/abs07-32-768khz-t-abracon-1392362

Logic clock, timing devices, quartz crystal, low-frequency crystal

ABS07 Series 32.768 kHz ±20 ppm 12.5 pF -40 to +85 °C SMT Low Profile Crystal

[rfantennaindia]

5G 12dBi Magnetic Antenna with RG174 Cable

A 5G 12dBi magnetic antenna is a type of antenna designed to enhance the performance of 5G wireless communication devices, such as routers, hotspots, or modems. Let's break down the key features:

5G: 5G is the fifth generation of wireless technology, which offers faster data speeds, lower latency, and greater capacity compared to previous generations (4G, 3G, etc.). The antenna is specifically designed to work with 5G networks and devices.

12dBi Gain: The "12dBi" figure refers to the antenna's gain, which is a measure of how much the antenna can increase the power of the signal it receives or transmits. A higher gain indicates better signal reception and transmission capabilities. In this case, a 12dBi gain suggests that this antenna can significantly boost the signal strength.

Magnetic Antenna: The term "Magnetic Antenna" indicates that the antenna can be attached to metal surfaces using a magnetic base. This feature provides flexibility in terms of placement and allows for easy positioning on metallic surfaces, like the roof of a car or a metal housing for a 5G device.

Magnetic antennas are often used in mobile applications or in scenarios where temporary or flexible mounting is required. This type of antenna is convenient because it can be easily installed and removed, making it suitable for mobile installations or where drilling holes or more permanent mounting solutions are not practical.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Battery-free technology can power electronic devices using ambient radiofrequency signals

Ubiquitous wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G rely on radio frequency (RF) signals to send and receive data. A new prototype of an energy harvesting module—developed by a team led by scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS)—can now convert ambient or "waste" RF signals into direct current (DC) voltage. This can be used to power small electronic devices without the use of batteries. RF energy harvesting technologies, such as this, are essential as they reduce battery dependency, extend device lifetimes, minimize environmental impact, and enhance the feasibility of wireless sensor networks and IoT devices in remote areas where frequent battery replacement is impractical. However, RF energy harvesting technologies face challenges due to low ambient RF signal power (typically less than -20 dBm), where current rectifier technology either fails to operate or exhibits a low RF-to-DC conversion efficiency. While improving antenna efficiency and impedance matching can enhance performance, this also increases on-chip size, presenting obstacles to integration and miniaturization.

Read more.

[darkmaga-returns]

Wireless-fidelity (“Wi-Fi”) is harmful due to radio-frequency radiation exposure, pulse-modulated RF carrying data, extremely low frequency (“ELF”) effect on the brain and the Wi-Fi memory effect in body tissues.

One of the unwanted effects of ELFs, Keith Cutter believes, is brainwave entrainment, where an external stimulus synchronises brainwaves with its frequency.

ELF refers to electromagnetic fields with frequencies between approximately 3 to 30Hz, which is the same range as our brains.  Our brains operate within a range of frequencies, with different brainwave states corresponding to specific activities:

Delta Waves (0.5-4Hz): Associated with deep sleep, relaxation, and healing.

Theta Waves (4-8Hz): Linked to meditation, daydreaming, and increased creativity.

Alpha Waves (8-12Hz): Correspond to relaxation, closed eyes and decreased cortical activity.

Beta Waves (13-30Hz): Related to attention, mental activity and cognitive processing.

Gamma Waves (30-44Hz): Involved in sensory processing, working memory and higher-order cognitive functions.

Cutter is most concerned about ELFs at 10Hz from Wi-Fi and other sources. 

In the presence of a persistent 10Hz signal, due to entrainment, the brain can shift toward that frequency. As noted above, at 10Hz the brain has decreased cortical activity.

Cortical activity refers to the electrical and chemical signals generated by neurons within the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain responsible for, among other things, cognition.

[mikebarrellcollections]

Wireless Keyboards are good?

In today's fast-paced digital world, efficiency and convenience are paramount. As technology continues to evolve, so do the tools we use to interact with it. One such tool that has seen significant advancements in recent years is the humble keyboard. While traditional wired keyboards have been the standard for decades, wireless keyboards are gaining popularity for their flexibility, mobility, and overall user experience.

Wireless keyboards, as the name suggests, operate without the need for physical cables connecting them to a computer or other devices. Instead, they utilize wireless technologies such as Bluetooth or RF (radio frequency) to communicate with the device they are paired with. This simple yet powerful innovation has revolutionized the way we interact with our computers, tablets, and even smartphones. Here are several reasons why wireless keyboards are a good choice for modern users:

Enhanced Mobility:

Perhaps the most obvious advantage of wireless keyboards is their freedom of movement. Without being tethered to a device by a cable, users can position their keyboard wherever they find most comfortable, whether it's on a desk, in their lap, or even across the room. This flexibility is especially beneficial for those who frequently switch between devices or work in unconventional settings.

Clean and Clutter-Free Setup:

Say goodbye to tangled cables cluttering your workspace. Wireless keyboards eliminate the need for unsightly wires, creating a cleaner and more organized environment. This not only improves the aesthetic appeal of your workspace but also reduces the risk of accidents such as tripping over cables or inadvertently pulling devices off the desk.

Versatility:

Wireless keyboards are compatible with a wide range of devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. This versatility allows users to easily switch between devices without having to invest in multiple keyboards or adapters. Whether you're typing up a document on your computer or responding to emails on your tablet, a wireless keyboard provides a seamless typing experience across all your devices.

Easy Setup and Installation:

Setting up a wireless keyboard is a breeze. Most modern devices feature plug-and-play functionality, meaning they can be paired with your device with just the push of a button. There's no need to fuss with drivers or software installations—simply turn on your keyboard, pair it with your device, and you're ready to start typing. A few keyboards accompany extra elements or adjustable settings. If you lost a dongle you can check how to do pairing without a dongle.

Compact and Portable:

Many wireless keyboards are designed to be slim and lightweight, making them ideal for users on the go. Whether you're a frequent traveler or simply prefer to work in different locations throughout the day, a wireless keyboard can easily slip into your bag or backpack, allowing you to take your productivity with you wherever you go.

Improved Ergonomics:

Some wireless keyboards are ergonomically designed to provide greater comfort during extended typing sessions. Features such as split key layouts, adjustable tilt angles, and wrist rests can help reduce strain and fatigue, promoting healthier typing habits in the long run.

Customization Options:

Many wireless keyboards offer customizable features such as programmable keys, backlighting, and multimedia controls, allowing users to tailor their typing experience to suit their individual preferences and workflow.

While wireless keyboards offer numerous advantages, it's important to consider potential drawbacks as well. Battery life, connectivity issues, and compatibility concerns are factors that users should be mindful of when choosing a wireless keyboard. Additionally, some users may prefer the tactile feedback and reliability of traditional mechanical keyboards.

In conclusion, wireless keyboards are an excellent choice for users seeking convenience, flexibility, and enhanced productivity in their computing experience. With their wireless connectivity, sleek design, and versatile functionality, wireless keyboards are well-suited to meet the demands of today's modern lifestyles. Whether you're a busy professional, a student on the go, or simply someone who values simplicity and ease of use, a wireless keyboard is sure to enhance your typing experience.

[icertifi02]

Ensuring Regulatory Compliance for Wireless Devices

Regulatory Framework

Regulatory compliance for wireless devices is governed by various national and international authorities. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) plays a pivotal role in setting and enforcing regulations related to wireless devices. The FCC establishes guidelines for electromagnetic compatibility, radio frequency emissions, and more, to prevent interference and protect consumers.

Wireless Standards

Compliance with established wireless standards is fundamental to ensuring device interoperability and safety. Two widely recognized standards organizations are the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Wi-Fi Alliance. Devices must meet these standards to ensure that they can effectively connect to wireless networks and function correctly.

Radio Frequency (RF) Emissions

One of the primary concerns in wireless device compliance is the emission of radio frequency signals. Wireless devices must not emit harmful interference that can disrupt other wireless networks or devices. Manufacturers are required to conduct extensive testing to ensure their products conform to permissible RF emissions limits.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

EMC compliance is crucial to prevent electromagnetic interference between wireless devices and other electronic equipment. Compliance ensures that wireless devices can coexist harmoniously with other electronic devices, enhancing user experience and preventing conflicts.

SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)

SAR measures the amount of radio frequency energy absorbed by the human body when using a wireless device. To protect users from excessive exposure to radio waves, regulatory bodies establish maximum SAR limits. Manufacturers must test and disclose the SAR levels of their products, enabling consumers to make informed choices.

Product Labeling and Certification

Regulatory compliance often requires manufacturers to obtain certification for their wireless devices. These certifications, such as FCC, CE (for European markets), or other regional certifications, demonstrate that a product meets all relevant safety and performance standards. Labeling on the device indicates its compliance status, ANATEL Certification for Brazil allowing consumers to identify certified products easily.

Security and Privacy Compliance

As wireless devices collect and transmit sensitive data, ensuring data security and privacy is a critical aspect of regulatory compliance. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and various data protection laws worldwide mandate that manufacturers take appropriate measures to safeguard user data.

Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates

OTA updates are crucial for maintaining the security and functionality of wireless devices. Manufacturers must design their devices to facilitate secure and regular updates, ensuring that vulnerabilities are promptly addressed.

User Education

Compliance isn't solely the responsibility of manufacturers and regulators; consumers play a vital role. Users should stay informed about the regulatory requirements for their wireless devices, including firmware updates and proper usage. Understanding the potential risks and best practices can enhance the overall safety and performance of these devices.

[niyalight-123]

The Freedom of Wireless Mice: Unleash Your Productivity

In a world where technology continually strives for convenience and efficiency, wireless mice have become indispensable tools for many individuals. Whether you're a professional, a gamer, or simply someone who values a clutter-free workspace, wireless mice offer a liberating experience. In this blog post, we'll explore the benefits, technology, and considerations surrounding wireless mice.

The Advantages of Wireless Mice

No More Tangled Wires: Perhaps the most apparent advantage of wireless mice is their freedom from tangled cables. This means you can say goodbye to the hassle of untangling cords or worrying about tripping over them. A clutter-free desk promotes a more organized and stress-free work environment.

Enhanced Mobility: Wireless mice allow you to work or play from various positions without being tethered to your computer. Whether you're giving a presentation, lounging on the couch, or using your computer for a home theater setup, wireless mice offer the freedom to control your device from a distance.

Reduced Desk Clutter: With no cords to worry about, your workspace will look cleaner and more organized. This can lead to increased productivity and a sense of calm while working or gaming.

Travel-Friendly: Wireless mice are typically smaller and lighter than their wired counterparts, making them easy to carry around in your laptop bag or backpack. This portability is especially convenient for travelers or those who frequently work on the go.

Precision and Performance: Modern wireless mice offer the same level of precision and performance as wired mice. Many wireless models feature advanced sensors and customizable settings, ensuring a seamless and responsive experience.

Wireless Mouse Technology

Radio Frequency (RF) and Bluetooth: Most wireless mice use either RF or Bluetooth technology to communicate with the computer. RF mice come with a USB receiver that plugs into your computer, while Bluetooth mice connect directly to your device without the need for a dongle. Bluetooth mice are more versatile as they can connect to multiple devices simultaneously.

Battery Life: Wireless mice are powered by batteries, which can be either disposable or rechargeable. Battery life varies among models, but many wireless mice can last several months on a single charge or a set of batteries.

Lag and Interference: In the past, wireless mice were criticized for lag and interference issues. However, modern wireless technology has largely overcome these problems, providing a seamless and responsive experience for users.

Considerations When Choosing a Wireless Mouse

Ergonomics: Choose a wireless mouse that fits comfortably in your hand. Ergonomics are crucial for long-term comfort, especially if you use the mouse extensively for work or gaming.

DPI (Dots Per Inch): Higher DPI mice offer more precise control. If you're a gamer or a graphic designer, look for a mouse with adjustable DPI settings to tailor the sensitivity to your needs.

Battery Life: Consider whether you prefer a mouse with disposable batteries or a rechargeable one. Rechargeable mice can be more cost-effective and eco-friendly in the long run.

Additional Features: Some wireless mice come with additional features like customizable buttons, RGB lighting, and extra programmable functions. Think about what features will enhance your workflow or gaming experience.

Conclusion

Wireless mice have come a long way in terms of performance, reliability, and convenience. They offer a liberating experience, freeing you from the constraints of wired peripherals. Whether you're a professional looking for a clutter-free workspace or a gamer seeking precision and flexibility, a wireless mouse might be the perfect addition to your tech arsenal. So, why not break free from the wires and unlock your full potential with a wireless mouse today?

[virusfriendly]

SDR Research

Tools

GQRX - Spectrum Analyzer

RFanalyzer - Spectrum Analyzer for Android

Universal Radio Hacker - Investigate Wireless Protocols like a boss

ooktools - On-off keying is used extensively in IoT projects

fldigi - I'm not a big fan of fldigi, but its there for when you need to demodulate a common signal

Tools for more specialty purposes

Salamandra is a tool to find spy microphones

rpitx is a RF transmitter for Raspberry PI

Tactics

You don't need to learn DSP, or get your Ham license to explore radio signals. I didn't. You could even explore interesting signals such as vehicle key fobs without learning either, but learning these things will increase your understanding of signals and aid in your ability to go beyond the limitations of your tools.

Digital Signal Processing

The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to DSP was my introduction to DSP and I highly recommend it. Its free online and can be purchased in physical form.

Think DSP in Python is on my todo list. Also free online can can be purchased in physical form.

HAM Radio

Though I haven't taken the test yet. Covid was a major interruption in my plans, and I also plan to pass all 3 tests in one day. Using my personal test taking process, I would first start by reading No-Nonsense Study Guides.

Then take a pretest. Its important that you read all of the material before you take a pre-test as the goal is to retain knowledge, not just memorize a test. Most of the study should be reading/practicing the material, with few pre-tests as self assessments.

There are plenty of apps on Android (and I imagine IOS) that you can use. You need to get 74% to pass the exam, but I always shoot for 90%. If you get 90% on the pre-test, then move on to taking the actual exam.

If you didn't get 90% on the pre-test. The pre-test should be able to break down your score across various sections. Note the sections you're weakest in. From here, I would recommend switching over to the ARRL study guide as they are more detailed and only study the sections you're weakest end. When you complete all those sections, then take another pre-test and repeat until you're ready to take the exam.

Techniques

Accuracy

Radio is a science, but the tools that we can afford as hobbyists are not accurate. The three issues I face is drift, noise, and clock.

Drift occurs typically from your SDR getting hot and is a problem that grows across the session. To counter drift, you'll need to recalibrate your SDR to a Nation Weather Radio station. Find the frequency used in your area and tune to that frequency. You'll notice that you're probably a little off, this is the fault of your SDR not the National Weather Radio station. Set the offset of your SDR until your frequency of the station matches the one advertised. You'll then want to bookmark this frequency and check back to it every hour to insure that your SDR hasn't drifted.

Noise can interfere with interpreting weak signals (either distant, low powered, or both). To reduce noise and improve your signal collection, I'd suggest these guides for reducing on-site noise sources and external noise sources.

Signal Identification

Most signals are standardized or frequently used that dont require extensive analysis, but just identification.

The Signal Identification Wiki is a great place to start, and if that doesn't work, check out the sub-reddit r/signalidentification

This is an archived site that has a collection of digital signals that you could test your demodulation tools with.

Signal Analysis

Signal analysis is for those proprietary signals. As always, remember your ABC's.

Radio signals are fleeting. If you don't capture them, they may not repeat themselves. Don't worry about demodulating them at first. Capture the signals, and you can demodulate them at any time later.

Even if you're not able to record IQ data, for example you're listening to someone else's remote radio (there are a lot around the world on the internet), recording the audio which can be analyzed by tools such as fldigi.

I should add a lot more stuff here in the future.

The Signal Identification Wiki is a great place to start, and if that doesn't work, check out the sub-reddit r/signalidentification

This is an archived site that has a collection of digital signals that you could test your demodulation tools with.

Other Techniques

Using ooktools

NCC's RF testing Methodology

Wireless DoorBell Ringer and another Doorbell hack

Learn Morse Code

Project Ideas

Passive Radar with SDR

TDOA Transmitter Localization with RTL-SDRs

Other Links

No SDR, no problem! Use other people's radios with GlobalTuners.

[rjbaynumphotography]

6G Wireless Tech May Leverage the Human Body For Energy:

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have found a way to harness waste energy from next-generation Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems using the human body as an antenna.

VLC, a core component of upcoming 6G technology, transmits data via light flashes rather than traditional radio waves. By capturing unused radio frequency (RF) energy emitted from VLC-enabled LED lighting, this innovation could power low-energy wearables, making them self-sustaining and reducing reliance on batteries.

The technology, called “Bracelet+,” uses a simple copper coil worn on the upper arm to collect up to ten times more energy than standalone coils, transforming the human body into a powerful energy-boosting medium.

Led by Professor Jie Xiong and graduate student Minhao Cui, the UMass Amherst team sees enormous potential in integrating VLC with everyday LED infrastructure—from streetlights to home bulbs.

This innovation not only enables low-cost, energy-efficient wearables but also opens up possibilities for large-scale energy harvesting. The wearable technology, costing under fifty cents, can generate micro-watts of power—sufficient for health-monitoring sensors and low-power devices.

As 6G advances, this novel use of the human body for energy collection might soon power the digital tools of tomorrow, making wearables more sustainable and accessible.

Image: University of Massachusetts Amherst

[aeliyamarineinsights]

The Role of Amplifiers in Industrial Automation: Enhancing Signal Strength and Precision

Introduction:

In industrial automation, a��high quality amplifier ensures boosting of such signals across various control systems for transmitting data accurately without loss. A high-quality amplifier in amplifying weak signals from sensors and controllers provides the most necessary action of sending it over long distances without degrading. This is particularly crucial in high-noise electrical environments, where a quality amplifier would filter out interference from signals and maintain the clarity of signals to achieve sharp operations. From motor control to sensor data conditioning, high-quality amplifiers enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and stability of the system and are therefore an essential part of modern automated processes.

What is an Amplifier?

An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the strength, or amplitude, of a signal, be it a voltage, current, or power signal. This means that an amplifier can take a very weak input signal to a stronger output signal while maintaining all its characteristics at a greater magnitude. General-purpose amplifiers are used in most audio systems for low-level sound signal amplification, in communication systems for boosting signals over long distances, and for boosting control signals for motors, sensors, and other automated equipment.

Amplitude amplifiers are utilized significantly in industrial automation because they ensure that the signal would not degrade in integrity over long cable lengths or where electrical noise may get superimposed over it, resulting in distortion. It ensures the precise control and accurate reading, which plays an important role in the reliable automation and systems’ efficiency in achieving their objectives.

Types of Amplifiers:

Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps): These are high-gain voltage amplifiers with differential inputs used for many functions, which include amplification, filtering, and signal conditioning. The operational amplifier amplifies the difference between two input signals and can be very versatile in electronics.

Power Amplifiers: These are designed to offer high power output to drive large loads, such as speakers or motors, through boosting both current and voltage.

Servo Amplifiers: Control servo motors where the position, speed and torque are controlled according to feedback from the system through dynamic modification of power to offer high precision motion control.

Current Amplifiers: Ample signal with negligibly small alteration in its voltage for such applications demanding a high current.

Instrumentation Amplifiers: Low noise, high precision and high output amplifiers to preserve the integrity of the signal in sensitive applications.

Audio Amplifiers: Amplifies the audio signals to the frequency within the audible range; they allow the provision of a high fidelity audio output with negligible distortion.

RF Amplifiers: They amplify the frequency between MHz and GHz in RF frequency to be used for various applications such as wireless communications, broadcasting, etc. It is used for several applications of radar.

Voltage Amplifiers: Amplifiers used to increase the level of voltage in a signal that will be used in some form of further processing or applied as driving power in another circuit.

Key Functions of Amplifiers:

Amplification: Amplifiers strengthen the weak signal so that it can be transmitted through the automated systems for long distances without loss of signal. This feature is required in order to maintain the clarity of transmission among sensors, controllers, and actuators in the vast industrial environment.

Noise Suppression: Electrical noise is a problem in industrial environments because it adversely affects signal accuracy. Amplifiers eliminate noise so that signals are cleaned and clear for reliable data transmittance and control.

Stabilization and Control: Amplifiers stabilize signals, thus preventing fluctuations that could disrupt operations. In specific applications involving motor speed, position, or torque control, this stability is crucial as consistent signals ensure smooth and accurate machine performance.

Power Adjustment: Amplifiers control power levels to meet the requirements of various components. For instance, power amplifiers offer high output power to drive motors or actuators, thus ensuring that these devices receive enough power to function effectively.

Signal Conditioning: In sensor systems, amplifiers condition and enhance signals so that they can be processed. Through signal amplitude alteration and filtering out anomalies, amplifiers ensure that proper data acquisition and processing are made possible.

Support for Long-Distance Transmission: Amplifiers ensure that the signal strength is not affected even if a long cable run is involved, and thus data or control commands are not lost on their way to destinations. This is a function of high importance in large industrial environments where signals need to cover large distances.

Precise Measurement: Amplifiers, particularly instrumentation amplifiers, amplify weak sensor signals in measurement applications to enhance the accuracy of monitoring temperature, pressure, or other critical parameters in industrial processes.

[rfantennaindia]

GSM 15dBi Yagi Antenna with RG58 Cable (L-10CM) + N (F) St. Connector

ETEILY Manufactures Yagi Antennas with good performance that comes handy, suitably working in all environment conditions.Our directional antennas are both suited for domestic as well as commercial applications.

Robust Mechanical design

High Gain

Good Signal Reception

Better Signal to Noise ratio

[keithkogane]

this dude was like "if you're old enough to be interested in this topic and watching this video you're probably too old to hear this high pitched frequency so don't worry about it" when demonstrating an rf wireless audio thingee LIKE 😭😭😭😭