#RF & Microwave Antenna Manufacturers

[rfantennaindia]

865MHz 12dBi Spring Magnetic Antenna with RG174 Cable ( L -3Mtr) + SMA Male ConnectorEteily is a global supplier of Antenna, as manufacturer we understand customer requirement and provide best solution. Our product lead time is very less we also big stockiest of our product. We provide our solution to various Industries such as Metering, Navigation, IoT, Marine, Telematic, Automation, M2M and other markets. We make all type and all frequencies antenna which include 5G 4G 3G 2G, IoT LoRa Helium, SigFox, GPS, GLONASS, IRNSS, BeiDou, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC and  many more.

[ethancral]

Common Applications for RF Connectors in Industry

RF connectors are a crucial component in various industrial applications, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals. From telecommunications to medical devices, RF connectors play a vital role in ensuring the proper functioning of equipment and systems. In this article, we will explore some of the most common applications for RF connectors in industry, highlighting their importance and versatility.

Telecommunications and Wireless Communication

RF connectors are widely used in the rf connector manufacturer industry, particularly in wireless communication systems. They are used to connect antennas, transmitters, and receivers, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in cellular networks, satellite communications, and microwave links, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and voice signals.

Medical Devices and Equipment

RF connectors are used in various medical devices and equipment, including MRI machines, ultrasound machines, and radiation therapy equipment. They are used to connect sensors, antennas, and other devices, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in medical implants, such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and control signals.

Aerospace and Defense

RF connectors are used in various aerospace and defense applications, including satellite communications, radar systems, and electronic warfare systems. They are used to connect antennas, transmitters, and receivers, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in military communications systems, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and voice signals.

Industrial Automation and Control

RF connectors are used in various industrial automation and control applications, including robotics, machine control, and process control. They are used to connect sensors, actuators, and other devices, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in industrial networking systems, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and control signals.

Test and Measurement Equipment

RF connectors are used in various test and measurement equipment, including oscilloscopes, signal generators, and spectrum analyzers. They are used to connect devices under test (DUTs), enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in calibration and verification systems, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and control signals.

Consumer Electronics

RF connectors are used in various consumer electronics, including smartphones, laptops, and tablets. They are used to connect antennas, transmitters, and receivers, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in wireless local area networks (WLANs), providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and voice signals.

Automotive Systems

RF connectors are used in various automotive systems, including infotainment systems, navigation systems, and safety systems. They are used to connect antennas, transmitters, and receivers, enabling the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. RF connectors are also used in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting data and control signals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, RF connectors are a crucial component in various industrial applications, providing a reliable and efficient means of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals. From telecommunications to medical devices, RF connectors play a vital role in ensuring the proper functioning of equipment and systems. By understanding the common applications for RF connectors in industry, manufacturers and designers can optimize their designs and ensure reliable and efficient operation. Whether you're designing a wireless communication system or a medical device, RF connectors are an essential component that should not be overlooked.

[perlina-hitechcircuits]

Aluminum Nitride Ceramic PCB

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) is currently the best ceramic substrate material accessible. Its properties of high thermal conductivity (170 W/mK) combined with being a strong dielectric and a low expansion rate (CTE) make it the material of choice today as a substrate or package for high-power LEDs, ICs, sensors and many other components and circuits.

Reasons why you should choose Aluminum Nitride PCB for your project

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) PCBs offers several compelling reasons, especially in applications where thermal management, high-frequency performance, and reliability are critical. Here are some key reasons to consider using AlN PCBs:

·Exceptional Thermal Conductivity: AlN ceramics have excellent thermal conductivity properties, making them highly effective at dissipating heat generated by electronic components. This property is crucial for maintaining component reliability, extending the lifespan of electronics, and preventing overheating-related failures.

·High-Frequency Performance: AlN PCBs exhibit low signal loss and minimal signal distortion, making them well-suited for high-frequency and microwave applications. They provide reliable signal transmission and are ideal for RF (Radio Frequency) circuits, microwave antennas, and advanced communication systems.

·Electrical Insulation: AlN ceramics possess excellent electrical insulation properties. They have a high dielectric strength, preventing electrical leakage and ensuring the isolation of electrical components and signals. This insulation is essential for maintaining signal integrity and preventing unintended electrical connections.

·Mechanical Strength: AlN ceramic substrates have good mechanical strength, with the ability to withstand mechanical stresses during manufacturing, assembly, and operation. This mechanical robustness contributes to the overall reliability of electronic systems.

·Compatibility with Semiconductor Devices: The thermal expansion coefficient of AlN is relatively close to that of silicon, a common material used in semiconductor devices. This compatibility allows for efficient heat transfer from semiconductor components, reducing the risk of thermal stress and enhancing their performance and longevity.

·High-Power and High-Temperature Applications: AlN PCBs are well-suited for high-power electronic components and high-temperature environments. They can efficiently dissipate heat from power amplifiers, voltage regulators, LEDs, and other heat-generating devices.

·Longevity and Reliability: The superior thermal management provided by AlN PCBs contributes to the longevity and reliability of electronic systems, reducing the risk of premature component failures due to overheating.

·Wide Range of Applications: AlN PCBs find application in various industries, including aerospace and defense, telecommunications, medical devices, automotive, and industrial electronics. They are versatile and suitable for demanding electronic applications.

·Customization: AlN PCBs can be customized to meet specific design requirements, including layer count, dimensions, and design layout, ensuring that they are tailored to the needs of the application.

·Efficient Heat Dissipation: The exceptional heat dissipation properties of AlN PCBs allow for the effective management of thermal issues without the need for additional cooling mechanisms, such as heat sinks or fans.

In conclusion, choosing Aluminum Nitride (AlN) PCBs offers lots of advantages, including superior thermal conductivity, high-frequency performance, electrical insulation, and mechanical strength. These properties make them a preferred choice in applications where traditional PCB materials may not meet the stringent requirements for thermal management and reliability. At Hitech Circuits, we supply both Aluminium Nitride PCB (AlN) processed by thick film process (Silver/silver palladium metalization) as well as Direct Plated Copper Technologies (DPC), with copper tracks and pads.

#AINPCB #ceramicpcb

[myerseng]

Welcome to our antennas & antenna related RF electronics focused store. We are the standard products sales branch of Myers Engineering International, Inc., a Florida licensed Professional Engineering firm specializing in electromagnetics and microwaves/radio frequency (RF) electronics and communications. All products featured in this catalog are made in the US by us, for the greater World, at our Margate, Florida facility. Many of our products are specifically designed and manufactured for International markets and applications to support our customers worldwide. Other products and services are offered to enhance our line of antennas and your particular application for them. Your suggested additions to our offerings on this Store are always welcomed and encouraged, as well as your ideas to make your shopping experience with us more rewarding. You are the reason we are here, thus we value your input greatly.

[sysargus]

Sysargus excels in RF & Microwave technology, providing cutting-edge solutions for diverse applications. Our expertise spans the design and manufacturing of high-frequency components and systems. Whether you need custom RF modules, antennas, or complete microwave solutions, Sysargus delivers with precision and innovation. We cater to industries requiring reliable wireless communication, radar systems, and satellite technology. Sysargus stands as a trusted partner in RF & Microwave engineering, offering advanced solutions that meet the demands of the modern technological landscape. Elevate your connectivity and communication capabilities with Sysargus, where excellence in RF & Microwave technology is our commitment.

[mogood]

Rocket-PCB: Unleashing the Potential of Ceramic PCBs

Rocket-PCB is proud to introduce its latest innovation in the world of printed circuit boards (PCBs) — Ceramic PCBs. This cutting-edge technology brings a host of advantages over traditional PCB materials, opening up new possibilities for various industries. In this article, we will delve into the benefits and applications of Ceramic PCBs, highlighting their role in revolutionizing electronic design and manufacturing.

Advantages of Ceramic PCBs:

Excellent Thermal Performance: Ceramic PCBs exhibit outstanding thermal conductivity, making them ideal for high-power applications. The excellent heat dissipation properties ensure efficient cooling of electronic components, reducing the risk of overheating and improving overall system reliability.

Enhanced Electrical Performance: With low dielectric loss and minimal signal attenuation, Ceramic PCBs enable high-frequency circuit designs, making them suitable for RF/microwave applications. Their low electrical impedance contributes to better signal integrity and reduced electromagnetic interference.

High Mechanical Strength: The robustness and durability of Ceramic PCBs make them resistant to mechanical stress and vibration, ensuring long-term stability even in harsh environments. This makes them ideal for applications in aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors.

Compact and Lightweight: The compact nature and lighter weight of Ceramic PCBs allow for miniaturization of electronic devices. This aspect is particularly advantageous in portable gadgets and wearables where space and weight are critical factors.

Applications of Ceramic PCBs:

Power Electronics: Ceramic PCBs find extensive use in power electronic devices such as power amplifiers, motor controllers, and high-power LED drivers. Their exceptional thermal properties help optimize power dissipation and maximize the efficiency of these systems.

RF/Microwave Devices: The high-frequency capabilities of Ceramic PCBs are well-suited for designing antennas, radar systems, satellite communications, and wireless transceivers. Their low loss tangent ensures minimal signal distortion and high performance in communication applications.

LED Technology: Ceramic PCBs enhance the performance of LED technology by providing efficient thermal management, leading to improved brightness and extended lifespan of LED products.

Automotive Electronics: The automotive industry benefits from the reliability and thermal stability of Ceramic PCBs in electric vehicles (EVs), battery management systems, and automotive lighting systems.

Medical Devices: In medical electronics, Ceramic PCBs play a crucial role in devices like implantable medical sensors, pacemakers, and ultrasound equipment, where reliability and long-term stability are paramount.

Rocket-PCB’s Ceramic PCBs bring a new era of possibilities to the world of electronic design and manufacturing. With their outstanding thermal conductivity, electrical performance, and mechanical strength, these PCBs cater to a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical applications. As technology continues to evolve, Ceramic PCBs will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in shaping the future of electronic devices, enabling more efficient, compact, and reliable solutions. Embrace the power of innovation with Rocket-PCB’s Ceramic PCBs and take your electronic designs to new heights.

[dolphmicrowave]

Waveguide Components

Dolph Microwave R&D and manufactures various of standard waveguide component, double ridged waveguide components, industrial microwave components, customized waveguide components, satcom antenna and antenna feeds&RF networks for almost any frequency range you are interested in.

One-stop solution is eagered to be offered for customer in field like Telecommunication, Defense, Aerospace, Electronic warfare, Industrial microwave etc.

Each of Dolph microwave manufactured waveguide components, satcom antenna and feed networks are manufactured with the best specifications exceed over your expectation. Most of them meet MIL standard requirements.

Any interested components or need to discuss with us, please call +86-29-8881-0979 or mail to sales@dolphmicrowave.com

Types of Waveguide Components

Dolph Microwave as leading manufacturer offers high quality and wide range product, which includes standard and double ridged waveguide components, Industrial microwave components, Satcom antenna and feed networks.

Advantages of Waveguide Components

High Performance

Qualified Raw Material

The main advantage of Dolph Microwave product is carrying with low intersion loss and near perfect VSWR (return loss) closed to 1.

Similarities and Differences of Antennas and Waveguides

Similarities

Both antennas and waveguides belong to electromagnetic components.

Antennas and waveguides transmit/received signal by required power and frequency.

Differences

Antennas transmit signals is wireless in a medium normally, however waveguides transmit wireless signals by metal like aluminum, brass and copper.

Antennas can cover various frequency range which is from low and high, but waveguides range is not very broad.

The antenna efficiency can be specified, but wavegiudes gain is defined by the operation mode.

The antenna efficiency and bandwidth are fixed over the specific frequency range, but it also depends on the mode of waveguide.

Antennas are suitable for long distances signal transmission but waveguides are not.

[qrtumb]

Global RF Phase Shifter Market Trends, Size, and Forecast 2021-2027

The Global RF Phase Shifter Market is expected to grow from US$ 2.8 Billion in 2021 to US$ 6.8 Billion by 2027; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 15.94% from 2021 to 2027.

A passive microwave network module or device known as a "RF phase shifter" is used to adjust the phase angle of microwave, millimetre, or RF wave communications without changing their amplitude. RF phase shifters are the best option for a variety of RF applications on the market because of their designs, which offer low insertion loss and dependable amplitude throughout all phase states.

Get Sample Copy of this Report@ https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/RF-Phase-Shifter-Market/request-sample

Drivers: The market is expanding as a result of an increase in the use of phase shifters in many applications, including phased array antennas, phase modulators, testing devices, frequency up-converters, and many more. The importance of RF phase shifters in applications like RF distortion, RF PA linearization, and amplitude and phase modulation, as well as rising demand for RF phase shifters in surface mount applications, as well as a growing global market for telecommunications, are expected to boost market growth over the course of the forecast period.

Restraints: The main restraints on the market's expansion, however, are its restricted output power and poor noise figure.

Impact of Covid-19

As governments loosen constraints on international trade and other import-export activities, manufacturers continue to retain strong supply networks. Additionally, after the peak of the coronavirus outbreak, the reopening of schools, offices, and other commercial buildings is assisting in reviving the growth of the worldwide RF phase shifter market. The global chip scarcity has put a strain on semiconductor businesses. To keep the economies going, however, businesses are tapping into revenue streams in the healthcare, defence, and telecommunications sectors.

Segmentation By Type: RF Phase Shifter Market is classified on the basis of Type into Analog Phase Shifter and Digital Phase Shifter.

Segmentation By Application: RF Phase Shifter Market is classified on the basis of Application into Satellites, Radar, Telecommunication, and Others.

Segmentation By Region: RF Phase Shifter Market is classified on the basis of Region into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. In 2027, North America is anticipated to account for a sizable portion of the market for RF phase shifters. Due to the rising demand from a variety of end-use industries, such as aerospace & defence, telecommunications, and commercial, the U.S. is a leader in the adoption of RF phase shifters. The RF phase shifters market in the region has been seeing technical breakthroughs, which are anticipated to fuel the industry's expansion throughout the course of the projected period.

Competitive Landscape: The key players of RF Phase Shifter Market are Analog Devices, Inc., Arrow Electronics, Inc., G.T. Microwave, Inc., Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc, MACOM, Mercury Systems, Inc., Microwave Solutions, Inc, Pasternack Enterprises, Planar Monolithics Industries, Inc., and Qorvo.

Industrial Development

The high dynamic range ADRV9002 RF transceiver for Mission-Critical Communications Applications was introduced on July 23, 2020 by Analog Devices, Inc. Mission-critical communications applications like first responder radios, personal Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, and satellite communications are ideal for the high-performance ADRV9002 RF transceiver.

On November 11, 2015, Pasternack Enterprises, Inc. unveiled a new line of 8-bit programmable phase shifters that can produce discrete sets of phase states with up to 255 total steps and 1.4° increments with a high degree of accuracy and little phase shift error. These shifters are programmable over a full 360° range.

For radar and electronic warfare (EW) applications, Qorvo, Inc. and Polarity, Inc. developed integrated rack/hub-mounted solid state 300 W Spatium power amplifiers (SSPAs) on July 12, 2021. For wideband testing, communications, radar, or any other application requiring simultaneous power amplification of signals throughout a 2 - 20 GHz operational bandwidth, the Spatium 300W High Power Amplifier was created.

 Get discount on this Report @  https://qualiketresearch.com/request-sample/RF-Phase-Shifter-Market/ask-for-discount

Market Taxonomy

By Type

Analog Phase Shifter

Digital Phase Shifter

By Application

Satellites

Radar

Telecommunication

Others

By Region

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

Key Questions Addressed by the Report

What are the Key Opportunities in RF Phase Shifter Market?

What will be the growth rate from 2020 to 2027?

Which segment/region will have highest growth?

What are the factors that will impact/drive the Market?

What is the competitive Landscape in the Industry?

What is the role of key players in the value chain?

Browse Full Report  https://qualiketresearch.com/reports-details/RF-Phase-Shifter-Market

[pcbsky]

Peep Into the Depth of Rogers PCB

Any PCB created by the Rogers Corporation is referred to as a rogers PCB. The Rogers Corporation makes sure the PCB is made of high-frequency PCB material as a result.

In case you were unaware, all over the world, Rogers Corp. is one of the top IT companies. They are pioneers in cutting-edge technological solutions. But most crucially, they create high-frequency PCBs of excellent quality.

Additionally, Rogers Corp is the finest in the business for cutting-edge PCB components. As a result, they create products that link our world, provide protection, and boost power.

After all, the business has been around for many years. And at this point, they have concentrated on providing essential solutions that satisfy the needs of their clients.

Additionally, Chandler, Arizona, USA, serves as the company's primary location.

What Distinguishes the Rogers PCB?

Rogers Corp is distinctive due to three factors. And here are what they are:

The first swear to innovate with the market in mind. Second, the business takes the lead in mission-critical instances. Finally, they are passionate about providing incredible value to their client's success.

The company also provides a wide range of goods that assist in resolving problems in many industries.

Therefore, it is not surprising that rogers PCB China has top-notch characteristics. These characteristics include outstanding dielectric constant and temperature consistency.

With copper foil, the thermal expansion factor of the dielectric constant on Rogers PCB is relatively stable. As a result, you may utilize Roger PCB to make up for the PTFE substrate's shortcomings.

Additionally, it works fantastically well in high-speed and high-frequency circuits. Additionally, it is useful for applying RF and microwave devices.

Additionally, Roger PCBs absorb little water. They are therefore perfect for situations involving high humidity.

What Kinds of Rogers PCBs Are There?

There are several varieties of Rogers PCB from rogers PCB manufacturer with varying resilience to abrasive environments. The Rogers PCB contains two primary categories as well. They are made of PTFE and thermostats. We will thus mention the three main categories.

Laminates

Modified woven glass reinforced epoxy IMS

Ceramic PTFE

Ceramic/UL 94 V-0 laminated woven glass/Hydrocarbon

Glass-reinforced, cross-plied woven PTFE

Random Glass Fiber PTFE

Weaved Glass, Ceramic, and Hydrocarbon

Modified woven glass-reinforced epoxy laminates

PTFE Composite That's Filled

PTFE antenna grade laminates with woven glass reinforcement

Bonding Supplies

Thermally and electrically conductive (TECA) Woven Glass Prepreg Hydrocarbon Ceramic Thermoset Film

PTFE Ceramic Bond ply

Metal Finishes

Reverse-treated Electrode posited

Adaptive Foil

Electrode posited

Rolled

[rfelement]

https://www.rfelement.com/ - RF element,the experienced wireless antenna manufacturer and solution provider in China.Our products include DAS Antennas,Base Station Antennas,Microwave Antennas.

[coaxialconnector77-blog]

Home

End Your Search Here For The Most Trustworthy RF Connector  

Is it accurate to state that you are looking to get yourself one of the most reliable RF Connectors? If true, then proceed reading. Look no farther than LenoRF. It is a Chinese company that is the cornerstone of RF Connectors just as other detached devices as well as items. The greater part of the items we provide significantly consists of the RF coaxial cables congregations and the RF coaxial cable connectors as these are a portion of the items that are of the best levels of popularity in the neighborhood just as the international market. We give delivery as well as the supply of products worldwide, and most of our deals and manufacturing are constituted by the fares that we provide to different nations and also regions. Click here for more details http://www.rfcnn.com/N-RF-Connector.html

You would certainly be amazed to know one might find various types of RF coaxial cable gatherings. Additionally, it may be hard to select one for yourself without the support of the master's guidance. If you are confused about deciding, you can usually contact us, and also we will help you with determining which is the most optimal option for you in the wake of producing all the prospective alternatives in front of you so you can decide on an educated decision. We also manufacture modified cable gatherings for our clients to pick which one is amazing to the RF Connectors and cables.

Things You Must Understand About SMA Connector

Lend us your ears if you need to know every little thing about SMA Connector. Other Than RF Connectors, we likewise make various kinds of cable connectors. A couple of them consist of N Connector and SMA Connector. If you do not know what they are, SMA connectors are semi-precision coaxial RF Connectors of a kind that were initially developed in the 1960s yet are as yet an enormous piece of the industry and also have popularity when it involves RF Connectors. These connectors are generally used in the microwave frameworks equally as the handheld radios and also portable antenna frameworks. On current occasions, its contemporary use includes Wi-Fi antenna structures and radio astronomy also.

You would be amazed to understand that SMA Connectors can be found in arrays and also different variations. And prepare to have your mind blown. The vast majority of these are made by us in our variables. If in any way you intend to check whether they are accessible with us, you can send us an email of a query or quote, or, more than likely you can most definitely check out our website to examine whether you can find the SMA connector that you have been trying to find and also the one that is reasonable according to the device that it will be used in or used for.

Where Could You Locate the Coaxial Connector Online?

 Is it accurate to say that you are questioning where you can locate the coaxial connector online? Everything you can manage requests the free online statement concerning anything you need to know concerning Coaxial Connector or the SMA Connector. You can without much of a stretch call us using our e-mail address, and we will hit you up within a couple of working hours. We are a client-centric services supplier of electronic gadgets, and also our client is our pulse. Did we state that we have a live chat alternative also?

[rfcable9-blog]

Home

Obtain Reward For Picking Remarkable RF Connectors At LenoRF  

Imagine a scenario in which we reveal to you that you can get for yourself the very best RF Connector. Isn't this amazing? Now questioning where to shop? Look no farther than LenoRF. We are a Chinese business which is a producer and supplier of RF Connectors similarly as other most recent contraptions and also things that join it or are required next to each other. A lot of the important things that we provide significantly include the RF coaxial cables congregations and also the RF coaxial cable connectors as these are a section of the things that are of the best levels of prevalence in the neighbourhood similarly as in the international market. We provide conveyance and also gracefully of things around the globe, and also most of our arrangements as well as manufacturing is constituted by the charges that we provide to various nations and regions.

You would be confused to understand that there are lots of N CONNECTOR, and also along these lines, selecting the correct one becomes strong or difficult. You will certainly need some assistance from a specialist. If that is all you are puzzled in making a decision, you can typically contact us, and also we will certainly assist you with establishing which is the most ideal option for you in the wake of putting out all the potential options before you so you can pick a notified choice. We also manufacture custom cable gatherings for our customers with the goal that you can choose which one is the best according to the RF Connectors and cables.

Should Have The Information Concerning SMA Connector

Raise your hands if you recognize that RF Connectors are additionally well known? We produce different sorts of cable connectors. One of these is the SMA Connector. If you don't understand what they are, SMA connectors are semi-precision coaxial RF Connectors of a kind that were initially advanced in the 1960s anyway are so far a tremendous bit of the industry as well as have popularity when it comes to RF Connectors. Such connectors are usually utilized in the microwave systems similarly as the handheld radios and flexible antenna structures. In recent occasions, it's modern use consists of Wi-Fi antenna structures as well as radio astronomy also.Click here for more information http://www.rfcnn.com/SMA-RF-Connector.html

There is a selection of selections and variations in these SMA Connectors, and also we make a lot of these in our aspects. If that in any way you want to examine whether they are available with us, you can send us an email of a query or quote, or, undoubtedly, you can absolutely take a gander at our site to check whether you can find the SMA connector that you have been looking for as well as the one that is reasonable according to the device that it will be made use of in or used for.

Getting the coaxial connector online is as simple. Truly. You heard it right! Every little thing necessary is a good examination. If you have actually any questions identified with any kind of things, for instance, the COAXIAL Connector or the SMA connector or you want to get a value quote, you can usually contact us, and also we will certainly hit you up with a reaction as quick as conceivable promptly or pointless activity. Browse our site to know more!

[sciencespies]

A simple retrofit transforms electron microscopes into high-speed atom-scale cameras

https://sciencespies.com/physics/a-simple-retrofit-transforms-electron-microscopes-into-high-speed-atom-scale-cameras/

A simple retrofit transforms electron microscopes into high-speed atom-scale cameras

NIST researcher June Lau with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) that she and her colleagues retrofitted in order to make high-quality atom-scale movies. Credit: N. Hanacek/NIST

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and their collaborators have developed a way to retrofit the transmission electron microscope—a long-standing scientific workhorse for making crisp microscopic images—so that it can also create high-quality movies of super-fast processes at the atomic and molecular scale. Compatible with electron microscopes old and new, the retrofit promises to enable fresh insights into everything from microscopic machines to next-generation computer chips and biological tissue by making this moviemaking capability more widely available to laboratories everywhere.

“We want to be able to look at things in materials science that happen really quickly,” said NIST scientist June Lau. She reports the first proof-of-concept operation of this retrofitted design with her colleagues in the journal Review of Scientific Instruments. The team designed the retrofit to be a cost-effective add-on to existing instruments. “It’s expected to be a fraction of the cost of a new electron microscope,” she said.

A nearly 100-year-old invention, the electron microscope remains an essential tool in many scientific laboratories. A popular version is known as the transmission electron microscope (TEM), which fires electrons through a target sample to produce an image. Modern versions of the microscope can magnify objects by as much as 50 million times. Electron microscopes have helped to determine the structure of viruses, test the operation of computer circuits, and reveal the effectiveness of new drugs.

“Electron microscopes can look at very tiny things on the atomic scale,” Lau said. “They are great. But historically, they look at things that are fixed in time. They’re not good at viewing moving targets,” she said.

In the last 15 years, laser-assisted electron microscopes made videos possible, but such systems have been complex and expensive. While these setups can capture events that last from nanoseconds (billionths of a second) to femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second), a laboratory must often buy a newer microscope to accommodate this capability as well as a specialized laser, with a total investment that can run into the millions of dollars. A lab also needs in-house laser-physics expertise to help set up and operate such a system.

“Frankly, not everyone has that capacity,” Lau said.

In contrast, the retrofit enables TEMs of any age to make high-quality movies on the scale of picoseconds (trillionths of a second) by using a relatively simple “beam chopper.” In principle, the beam chopper can be used in any manufacturer’s TEM. To install it, NIST researchers open the microscope column directly under the electron source, insert the beam chopper and close up the microscope again. Lau and her colleagues have successfully retrofitted three TEMs of different capabilities and vintage.

Like a stroboscope, this beam chopper releases precisely timed pulses of electrons that can capture frames of important repeating or cyclic processes.

“Imagine a Ferris wheel, which moves in a cyclical and repeatable way,” Lau said. “If we’re recording it with a pinhole camera, it will look blurry. But we want to see individual cars. I can put a shutter in front of the pinhole camera so that the shutter speed matches the movement of the wheel. We can time the shutter to open whenever a designated car goes to the top. In this way I can make a stack of images that shows each car at the top of the Ferris wheel,” she said.

Like the light shutter, the beam chopper interrupts a continuous electron beam. But unlike the shutter, which has an aperture that opens and closes, this beam aperture stays open all the time, eliminating the need for a complex mechanical part.

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of gold (Au) nanoparticles magnified 200,000 times with a continuous electron beam (left) and a pulsed beam (right). The scale is 5 nanometers (nm). Credit: NIST

Instead, the beam chopper generates a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave in the direction of the electron beam. The wave causes the traveling electrons to behave “like corks bobbing up and down on the surface of a water wave,” Lau said.

Riding this wave, the electrons follow an undulating path as they approach the aperture. Most electrons are blocked except for the ones that are perfectly aligned with the aperture. The frequency of the RF wave is tunable, so that electrons hit the sample anywhere from 40 million to 12 billion times per second. As a result, researchers can capture important processes in the sample at time intervals from about a nanosecond to 10 picoseconds.

In this way, the NIST-retrofitted microscope can capture atom-scale details of the back-and-forth movements in tiny machines such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). It can potentially study the regularly repeating signals in antennas used for high-speed communications and probe the movement of electric currents in next-generation computer processors.

In one demo, the researchers wanted to prove that a retrofitted microscope functioned as it did before the retrofit. They imaged gold nanoparticles in both the traditional “continuous” mode and the pulsed beam mode. The images in the pulsed mode had comparable clarity and resolution to the still images.

“We designed it so it should be the same,” Lau said.

The beam chopper can also do double duty, pumping RF energy into the material sample and then taking pictures of the results. The researchers demonstrated this ability by injecting microwaves (a form of radio wave) into a metallic, comb-shaped MEMS device. The microwaves create electric fields within the MEMS device and cause the incoming pulses of electrons to deflect. These electron deflections enable researchers to build movies of the microwaves propagating through the MEMS comb.

Lau and her colleagues hope their invention can soon make new scientific discoveries. For example, it could investigate the behavior of quickly changing magnetic fields in molecular-scale memory devices that promise to store more information than before.

The researchers spent six years inventing and developing their beam chopper and have received several patents and an R&D 100 Award for their work. Co-authors in the work included Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, and Euclid Techlabs in Bolingbrook, Illinois.

One of the things that makes Lau most proud is that their design can breathe new life into any TEM, including the 25-year-old unit that performed the latest demonstration. The NIST design gives labs everywhere the potential to use their microscopes to capture important fast-moving processes in tomorrow’s materials.

“Democratizing science was the whole motivation,” Lau said.

Explore further

Small high-voltage transmission electron microscope built in Japan

More information: June W. Lau et al, Laser-free GHz stroboscopic transmission electron microscope: Components, system integration, and practical considerations for pump–probe measurements, Review of Scientific Instruments (2020). DOI: 10.1063/1.5131758

Provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology

Citation: A simple retrofit transforms electron microscopes into high-speed atom-scale cameras (2020, February 24) retrieved 24 February 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2020-02-simple-retrofit-electron-microscopes-high-speed.html

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[perlina-hitechcircuits]

What is Rogers PCB?

Rogers PCB is a type of printed circuit board (PCB) material made from a combination of epoxy and ceramic. It is well known for its high dielectric constant, low loss tangent, and high thermal conductivity, making it an ideal material for high-frequency applications. It is used in a wide range of electronics, such as:

5G Station

Cellular Base Station Antennas and Power Amplifiers

Automotive Radar and Sensors

Microwave point to point (P2P) links

LNB’s for Direct Broadcast Satellites

Microwave equipment of all kinds.

RF Identification (RFID) Tags

Rogers PCB is produced using the raw materials of the Rogers Company. Rogers company manufactures the laminate materials that are often used for manufacturing circuit boards. The Rogers PCB is a type of high-frequency PCB board, quite different from the traditional PCB board materials, epoxy resin. It uses the ceramic base as the material of high frequency. The major advantage of Rogers PCB is the temperature stability and superior dielectric constant.

Rogers PCB has a major application in high-speed electronic designs, radio frequency applications, and commercial microwaves. The low water absorption capacity of this Rogers PCB is ideal for the application of high humidity. Other Rogers PCB applications include RF identification tags, power amplifiers, automotive radar, sensors, etc.

Rogers PCB fabrication needs in-depth research on high-frequency PCB. HITECHPCB is a Rogers PCB manufacturer and has a deep understanding of the performance of Rogers PCB material. For example, Rogers PCB laminates and Rogers PCB dielectric constant in Rogers PCB material properties Rogers PCB is a high-frequency PCB material model produced by Rogers company, different from the conventional FR-4 PCB material. There is no epoxy resin in the Rogers PCB material, and Rogers ceramic PCB is used as the High-frequency PCB material. Absorption of Rogers PCB, it can be used as an ideal choice for application ns in high humidity environments, providing customers in the high-frequency PCB industry with the highest quality.

Difference Between Rogers Materials and FR-4 Materials

By combining Rogers PCB layers with FR-4 layers, we can achieve reduced cost and maximum performance compared to if we used only Rogers layers. Thus, this process should use Rogers PCB cores instead of prepregs for this process.

FR-4 stack up with 6 layers is shown below. Because prepreg is less expensive than cores, it is placed on the outside to minimize cost. A foil build is often referred to as this.

Rogers layers are required on the outside layers, but the core is usually found on the layers that need them. Below is an example with 6 layers but with 3 cores instead of 2. This configuration is sometimes called a "core build" or "cap construction" board. Rogers PCB is a high-frequency circuit board that has ceramic laminates and reinforced hydrocarbon. A Rogers PCB may be made from cores and prepregs, but most often, the top two copper layers are carried on the core, while the rest of the board is made from standard FR-4 to reduce the cost. The PCB materials absorb the signal, due to which it has less signal loss compared to that of FR-4. At higher frequencies, the signal loss is greater in FR-4 materials. This is also the signal length and design dependent.

High-Frequency

PCB with FR-4 materials is preferred due to their low cost, reliability, and well-understood electrical and mechanical properties. They are used in various applications ranging from microwave designs to audio circuits. Unfortunately, FR-4 printed circuit boards are not suitable for high-frequency applications. Rogers created the most well-known high-frequency-special laminates. Its materials have a constant dielectric reduction of close to 20% when compared to FR-4 printed circuit boards.

The best way to determine whether your project will benefit from high-frequency laminates is to assess electrical and mechanical requirements. If you find both variations are too broad, Rogers PCB material is a better option.

Dissipation

The material used is most important when producing printed circuit boards, though it may require a high cost. However, it is not the only issue that knows the content value when it comes to the loss factor or Df. FR-4 printed circuit boards will be affected or reduced. The losses are greater when compared to printed circuit boards made from Rogers materials.

In other words, when compared to Rogers PCB, FR-4 materials have a higher dissipation factor, especially at high frequencies. Typical values for FR-4 printed circuit boards are around 0.020 and close to 0.004 for Rogers boards. Dissipation of FR-4 materials increases with frequency. High-frequency laminates primarily have a frequency-dependent stable dissipation characteristic.

The signal loss is minimized with the lower dissipation factor in FR-4. Also, the automated assembly process and the processing of FR-4 materials make them easier in the assembly and manufacturing process.

Impedance Stability

Impedance is the measure of the current opposition when applying voltage. In many design applications, the stable impedance is essential and is an area where the materials like Rogers and FR-4 are applied.

FR-4, despite its low cost, is prone to high variations in the dielectric constant with the change in temperature across the length and width of the substrate. In terms of impedance stability, Rogers' material has a wider range of dielectric constants than FR-4 content.

High-frequency laminates are preferable for circuits that require little variation over wide temperature ranges. In this case, you may need to use printed circuit boards made of Rogers materials rather than FR-4 materials, especially if most of your operations involve working in high-temperature environments.

Dielectric Constant

The dielectric constant of any material measures a substance's ability to store some electrical energy across an electrical field. When it comes to dielectric constant, FR-4 has a dielectric constant of about 4.5, which is much lower than Roger's material, which has a dielectric constant of about 6.15 to 11.

The dielectric constant of FR-4 is comparatively higher than that of plastic materials. Using FR-4 materials can save at least 25% of PCB made from such materials. Other factors that make FR-4 articles available include their lightweight, moisture resistance, and high dielectric strength. Even though the Rogers PCB has a higher dielectric than FR-4, you can go with FR-4. FR-4 and Rogers 4350b and 4350 are similar manufacturing processes, although FR-4 stores electrical energy effectively.

Thus, PCB with higher dialect trends breaks easier when subjected to intense electric fields.

[myerseng]

Is UHF or VHF better for outdoors?

Being in a space without a dependable internet connection makes things feel off. It is not worth the pain to have to round the room looking for the best place to connect. Most of the time, it may appear that there is nothing that can be done to resolve this problem; however, a wifi antenna booster can greatly enhance the signal.

Some people have tried using old tinfoil or metal plates to strengthen their wifi connection. Others would fabricate impromptu antennas out of PVC tubing or wire. Others would construct an entire shelf just to hold their wifi router and extend its range. But nothing compares to the ease and assurance of a reliable booster. You can watch your favorite show, browse the web, and check your email with just a few touches on your phone.

No matter where you are in your house, the network connection would be better and more reliable with the aid of these useful accessories attached to the router. And with so many models available, it's simple to pick one that meets your needs perfectly. Finding the ideal external wifi booster, however, might be challenging.

So why is having a good wifi antenna booster important? Here are a few justifications:

Less buffering is achieved via a strong signal.

If your network connection is strong, you can work from home.

You want everyone at your party to be able to communicate with one another.

You want to be able to watch over your family when you're not home because you have one.

As a student, you must conduct online research for your articles.

You simply can't handle how slowly your internet connection is right now.

First, think about the purpose of the wifi antenna booster. You'll want something with a lot of range if you need it for a big house or office. There are smaller models available if you only need it to power one device. Also consider the budget. Wifi boosters are available at a range of pricing points, so you may choose one that works with your budget. Just make sure the gear you buy is of high quality; you don't want to squander money on a subpar item.

Contact us at our RF Electronics & Antennas store (https://www.antennas.us). We are Myers Engineering International, Inc.'s Standard Products sales division, a licensed professional engineering company with a focus on electromagnetics and microwave/radio frequency (RF) electronics. We manufacture all of the antennas and goods included in this catalogue in the US for a global audience.

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Request For The Impressive RF Connector At LenoRF  

What about obtaining the most reliable RF Connector? Wondering where? Lock your arrangement with LenoRF. LenoRF is a Chinese firm that is a manufacturer and provider of RF Connectors equally as other latest gadgets and also items that join it or are needed next to each other. The greater part of the products that we provide significantly include the RF coaxial cables congregations as well as the RF coaxial cable connectors, as these are a portion of the items that are of the greatest levels of popularity in the neighborhood equally as in the worldwide market. We provide conveyance and supply of things around the world, and the majority of our offers, as well as manufacturing, is made up of the prices that we provide to various nations and also areas.

There are various kinds of RF coaxial cable gatherings, as well as it has a tendency to be an extremely troublesome task to select one for yourself. You will require some support from a professional. On the off chance that at all you are confused in choosing, you can generally contact us, and we will assist you with determining which is the best option for you after putting out all the potential options in front of you so you can choose an informed decision. We even manufacture custom cable gatherings for our clients with the objective that you can choose which one is the best according to the RF Connectors and cables.

The Understanding You Must Obtain About SMA Connector

Did we inform you that RF Connectors are additionally popular, as well as we manufacture different types of cable connectors? Among these is the SMA Connector. On the off chance that you don't know what they are, SMA connectors are semi-precision coaxial RF Connectors of a kind that were initially evolved in the 1960s however are as yet an immense piece of the industry as well as have to appeal when it pertains to RF Connectors. These sorts of connectors are generally utilized in the microwave frameworks, just as the portable radios as well as functional antenna structures. In current events, it's contemporary use includes Wi-Fi antenna frameworks as well as radio astronomy too. Visit our website for more information http://www.rfcnn.com/SMA-RF-Connector.html

There is a selection of assortments and variants in these SMA Connectors, and also we manufacture a large section of these in our elements. On the off possibility that in any way you intend to check whether they are accessible with us, you can send us an email of a query or quote, otherwise, you can certainly consider our site to inspect whether you can discover the SMA connector that you have actually been trying to find and the one that is reasonable according to the device that it will be utilized in or utilized for.

Locate The COAXIAL CONNECTOR Online By Doing Decent Research Study

On the off chance that you have any kind of inquiries identified with any type of items, for example, the COAXIAL Connector or the SMA connector or you want to get a statement, you can generally contact us, and we will hit you up with a response as quick as conceivable immediately or exercise in futility. We esteem the hr of our customers as well as guarantee that we call them when they need us. We also have a live talk option for contact where you can clear your inquiries related to anything.