#Vanadium oxide

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Lithium-6 is essential for producing nuclear fusion fuel, but isolating it from the much more common isotope, lithium-7, usually requires liquid mercury, which is extremely toxic. Now, researchers have developed a mercury-free method to isolate lithium-6 that is as effective as the conventional method. The new method is presented March 20 in the Cell Press journal Chem. "This is a step towards addressing a major roadblock to nuclear energy," says chemist and senior author Sarbajit Banerjee of ETH Zürich and Texas A&M University. "Lithium-6 is a critical material for the renaissance of nuclear energy, and this method could represent a viable approach to isotope separation."

Read more.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Table 13.2 gives the principal inorganic species of some environmentally important metal ions.

Several of the general features of the classifications described above are underlined by the data in Table 13.2.

All the metals form aquo complexes in the aqueous media. Metals such as sodium and potassium have a small value of Z²/r and the coordinated water molecules remain protonated in all situations. For metals with a larger ratio (e.g. Al(III)), deprotonation occurs more readily and, with metals in very high oxidation states (e.g. Cr(VI) and Mo(VI)), oxyanions are the principal species.

Those metals that are subject to redox reactions are present as a different species in oxidizing (high pE) compared to reducing (low pE) environments.

In sea water, the high concentration of chloride and, to a lesser extent, sulfate favours formation of complexes with these ligands of certain metals.

The tendency for formation of complexes with ligands other than water is generally in the order: type B metal ions (e.g. Ag(I), Hg(II) > borderline metal ions (e.g. Mn(II), Zn(II) > type A metal ions (e.g. Ca(II), Al(III).

"Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective", 4e - Gary W. VanLoon & Stephen J. Duffy

[electronalytics]

Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market Demand Key Growth Opportunities, Development and Forecasts to 2017-2032

The global vanadium flow battery (VFB) energy storage market has witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for reliable and sustainable energy storage solutions.

VFBs are a type of rechargeable flow battery that utilize vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store and release electrical energy.

These batteries offer several advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries, such as longer lifespan, high energy efficiency, and the ability to discharge and recharge simultaneously.

The VFB market is experiencing growing adoption in various sectors, including renewable energy integration, grid-scale energy storage, and off-grid applications.

The market is characterized by the presence of several key players, technological advancements, and ongoing research and development efforts to enhance battery performance and reduce costs.

Key points:

Growing renewable energy integration: The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, has led to a higher demand for energy storage solutions. VFBs are well-suited for storing excess renewable energy for later use, contributing to grid stability and minimizing curtailment.

Grid-scale energy storage applications: VFBs are deployed in large-scale energy storage projects to provide grid stability, peak shaving, load balancing, and backup power. These batteries can store and release energy over extended durations, making them ideal for utility-scale applications.

Off-grid and remote applications: VFBs are also used in off-grid and remote areas, where a reliable power supply is crucial. They can be employed in microgrids, island communities, and remote industrial sites to ensure uninterrupted power availability.

Long cycle life: VFBs have a longer cycle life compared to other battery technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries. They can sustain thousands of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation, resulting in reduced maintenance costs and improved overall economics.

Scalability and modular design: VFB systems offer scalability, allowing capacity expansion by adding more electrolyte tanks and stacks. Their modular design facilitates easy customization based on specific energy storage requirements.

Demand points:

Growing need for renewable energy integration: With the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources worldwide, there is a rising demand for energy storage technologies like VFBs to efficiently store and utilize intermittent renewable energy.

Grid resilience and stability: The need for grid stability and resilience is driving the demand for energy storage systems, including VFBs. These batteries can help mitigate fluctuations in energy supply and demand, reducing the risk of blackouts and ensuring reliable power delivery.

Characteristics points:

High energy efficiency: VFBs offer high round-trip energy efficiency, typically above 80%. This means that a significant portion of the stored energy can be efficiently retrieved when needed.

Deep discharge capability: VFBs can be discharged to a very low state of charge without adversely affecting their performance or cycle life. This feature makes them suitable for applications where occasional deep discharges are required.

Chemical stability and safety: VFBs utilize non-flammable electrolytes, primarily based on vanadium, which enhances their chemical stability and safety compared to some other battery chemistries.

Temperature resilience: VFBs can operate effectively over a wide range of temperatures, allowing them to be deployed in various climates and environments.

Eco-friendly and recyclable: VFBs are considered environmentally friendly as they use non-toxic and abundant vanadium electrolytes. Additionally, the majority of their components, including the electrolyte, can be recycled, reducing environmental impact and supporting a circular economy.

We recommend referring our Stringent datalytics firm, industry publications, and websites that specialize in providing market reports. These sources often offer comprehensive analysis, market trends, growth forecasts, competitive landscape, and other valuable insights into this market.

By visiting our website or contacting us directly, you can explore the availability of specific reports related to this market. These reports often require a purchase or subscription, but we provide comprehensive and in-depth information that can be valuable for businesses, investors, and individuals interested in this market.

“Remember to look for recent reports to ensure you have the most current and relevant information.”

Click Here, To Get Free Sample Report: https://stringentdatalytics.com/sample-request/vanadium-flow-battery-(vfb)-store-energy-market/5226/

Market Segmentations:

Global Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market: By Company • Rongke Power • VRB Energy • Shanghai Electric • State Grid Yingda • Invinity Energy Systems • CellCube • Australian Vanadium • StorEn Technologies • Stryten Energy • VFlowTech • Sumitomo Electric • Largo Global Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market: By Type • Full-fluorinion Ion Exchange Membrane • Non-fluorinion Ion Exchange Membrane Global Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market: By Application • Power Generation • Grid • Electricity Global Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market: Regional Analysis All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.

Visit Report Page for More Details: https://stringentdatalytics.com/reports/vanadium-flow-battery-(vfb)-store-energy-market/5226/ 

Reasons to Purchase Vanadium Flow Battery (VFB) Store Energy Market Report:

• To obtain insights into industry trends and dynamics, including market size, growth rates, and important factors and difficulties. This study offers insightful information on these topics.

• To identify important participants and rivals: This research studies can assist companies in identifying key participants and rivals in their sector, along with their market share, business plans, and strengths and weaknesses.

• To comprehend consumer behaviour: these research studies can offer insightful information about customer behaviour, including preferences, spending patterns, and demographics.

• To assess market opportunities: These research studies can aid companies in assessing market chances, such as prospective new goods or services, fresh markets, and new trends.

• To make well-informed business decisions: These research reports give companies data-driven insights that they may use to plan their strategy, develop new products, and devise marketing and advertising plans.

In general, market research studies offer companies and organisations useful data that can aid in making decisions and maintaining competitiveness in their industry. They can offer a strong basis for decision-making, strategy formulation, and company planning.

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[tinydefector]

Cybertronian Drinks and Food

So wanted to try and make a little interactive thing for y'all to send in as request. I'm sure you guys have seen this piece I've made for some of the Energon and Minerals the Transformers consume. Send in to my ask box

So I'm giving you guys the power to send in different things from this list to be made into energon drink art. Or edibles of a sort.

Energon and Fuels

Dark Energon

Synthetic Energon

Tox-En

Red Energon

engex

High grade

Energon wine

Energon Z

Natural Energon

Pure energon

Biofuel

super energon

Energon rod

EnerGULP

Diesel

unleaded petrol

95-octane

E10

E85 - flex-fuel

Jet A and Jet A1 Jet B

JET-A, JP5, JP8

LH2/LOX

RP-1/LOX

kerosene

LSFO

Oil

Minerals, Crystal's and Chemicals    

Petroleum

Hydrogen

Copper

Aluminium

Titanium

Lead

Tin

Nickel

Gold

Zinc

Magnesium

Cobalt

Tungsten

Platinum

Chromium

Silver

Manganese

Sodium

Beryllium

Vanadium

Molybdenum

Palladium

Uranium

Zirconium

Bismuth

Cadmium

Mercury

Hafnium

Lanthanum

Niobium

Rhodium

Scandium

Tantalum

Yttrium

Cerium

Plutonium

Lithium

Neptunium

Meitnerium

Seaborgium

Dubnium

Francium

Gallium

Indium

Potassium

Rubidium

Strontium

Thallium

Barium

Calcium

Cesium

Calcite

Pyrite

Copper

Quartz

Benitoite

Diamond

Fluorite

Galena

Garnet

Gold

Oxide

Sulfides

Gypsum

Halite

Phosphates

Sulfates

Carbonates

Iron

__________

Let me know if you would like to be added to tag list (tagged for every fic)

Taglist

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[usafphantom2]

Paint it Black! Making one of the first titanium airplanes was difficult .

Titanium was corrugated to make room for expansion when the titanium heated up at top speed of 2200+ mph. The skin panels were fastened to the underlying structure with oblong holes which would allow the skin to expand and contract without the fasteners causing buckling. And the skin over the wing was also corrugated to prevent warping during expansion, this is actually quite noticeable, you can see the sections that are corrugated quite clearly here in this artistic photo.

Titanium makes up 93% of the SR 71 structure. It’s strength to weight ratio, or specific strength, is better than Aluminium. Yet today very little titanium is used in everyday objects. Planes primarily use aluminum, not titanium.. why is it not used?

The development of the A-12 the Skunk Works, a small division of Lockheed discovered that making the blackbird out of titanium was going to be anything but easy

Titanium is expensive because its refinement process is a nightmare. To make Titanium, we start with a feedstock in the form of Titanium Dioxide, with this chemical formula. This oxide ore called rutile can be found in high concentrations in dark sandy soils.

Build the SR-71 the US needed to buy vast quantities of the mineral from the Soviets. To do this they purchased the material through ghost organizations to hide the final destination of the material. One of the companies that were made up was a company to make pizza ovens supposedly… the Russians believed this story!

Had the Soviets known what they were helping build, they would not have sold the material. However, the US likely could have just purchased the material from mines in Australia. This is a relatively common raw material and is primarily used as a white pigment for paints and is even found in sunscreen lotion as ultraviolet radiation blocking pigment.

The primary titanium alloy used in the SR-71 was thirteen percent vanadium, eleven percent chromium, and three percent aluminum. Both Chromium and Aluminium form thermally stable oxide layers on the outer skin of the metal. Which prevents oxygen from diffusing further into the metal and causing it to become more brittle.

Which raises the max operating temperature of the metal!

Vanadium acts as a stabilizer for a crystal structure referred to as the beta phase. This leads to a material with higher tensile strength and better formability. Through trial and error and problems that were solved by the geniuses that worked at the Skunk Works. They discovered that their cadmium plated tools were leaving trace amounts of cadmium on bolts, which would cause galvanic corrosion and cause the bolts to fail. This discovery led to all cadmium tools to be removed from the workshop.

This article just proves what we already know today when people work together and work hard to solve problems. New ground was broken with the formulation of titanium that led to the success of the SR 71 and the tremendous heat and strength that this magnificent airplane needed.

As Ben Rich head engineer and later, he replaced Kelly Johnson as the head skunk said in his book called the Skunk Works. ‘’I volunteered some unsolicited advice about how we could use a softer titanium that began to lose its strength at 550° to paint the airplane black

From my college things I remember that good heat absorber was also a good heat emitter it would actually radiate away more heat then it would absorb through thick friction. I calculated the black paint would lowered the wing temperature 35° by radiation think of how much easier it will be to build an airplane using softer titanium.

It was my father Butch Sheffield’s boss Ben Rich, who saved the Blackbird program time and money, with his idea of painting it black.

wisconsinmetaltech.com/titanium-and-t… is my Source and SkunkWorks by Ben Rich

Linda Sheffield

@Habubrats71 via X

[livelaughlovetoread]

Chemical Fingerprint

🍓 E 🍓Jily 7th Year 🍓 Strawberry 🍓 Part 3 of 8 🍓 9.9k 🍓

@greenhouse-seven Be My Valentine Fest for @eastwindmlk

Every gem has a chemical fingerprint - a unique pattern that identifies its composition, which scientists can easily determine. The ruby in the Potter family ring is composed of aluminon oxide, chromium, and traces of vanadium, which gives it a slight purplish hue. But beyond its physical makeup lies something far more important: the lasting imprint it leaves on those who wear it. Passed down through generations, the ring is now ready to find its way to a new owner: Lily Evans.

[er-cryptid]

Chemistry Notes (December 2021)

Acid-Base Equilibrium Side Ex 1

Acid-Base Equilibrium Side Ex 2

Arrhenius vs Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Calculating [OH-] with Kw Ex 1

Change in Entropy for a Change of State Ex 1

Classification of Amines

Complex Lewis Structure Formal Charges Ex 3

Constitutional Isomers Ex 1

Finding Percent by Mass Ex 2

Identifying Functional Groups Ex 2

Intermolecular Force of Water

Moles of Product Ex 1

Naming Cycloalkanes Ex 1

Naming Cycloalkanes Ex 9

Nonmetal Listing Order

Order of a Reaction Ex 2

pH from [OH-] Ex 1

Products of an Acid-Base Reaction Ex 1

R,S Naming of Fischer Projection Ex 1

Spin Quantum Number

Stereoisomers with Multiple Chiral Centers Ex 1

Stronger Acidity and Electronegativity Ex 1

Vanadium (III) Oxide

Weaker Acidity and Electronegativity Ex 1

Weaker Acidity and Electronegativity Ex 2

[half-developed-frontal-lobe]

My predictions and analysis on the new Hero in Overwatch →

Also Lore on Oasis, Moira, and the hero lore itself.

Wayfinders and Vanadium

The Wayfinders find a vein of an unknown vanadium isotope in Petra. One that isn't decaying in the natural environment.

I actually looked around Petra at one point didn't find anything regarding the isotope itself, so maybe they really aren't interested.

Which is ironic because Venture has a pet rock, Rosetta, with similar looking crystals on its head, a violet colored crystal poking out at the top.

This also brings some insight to what's being used. What we should be expecting from this experiment. It may also explain why Talon is going around Wayfinder dig sites, if substances like these can be found.

Vanadium is known as a steel additive. You mix it with other metals to strengthen tools, armor, weapons, etc, and makes them resistant to corrosion and rusting.

It's incredibly durable when mixed with a different material, and makes it shock resistant and vibration resistant. Not only that, but an oxidized vanadium isotope has the power to store and emit efficient amounts of energy.

Which is why it is said to be 'nearly indestructible'. Whatever mixed with this might be hard to eliminate.

Moira and Oasis

On the Chemistry Ministry lab's computers, right next to the destroyed site of where one experiment has escaped, you can find recent chats between Moira and Anya Al-Shahrani.

And my god, these messages not only talk about the hero and it's possible abilities, but about how off the rails Moira is when it comes to the experiments in Oasis. Her craft is unhinged, and she truly is a mad scientist. She goes as far as keeping the material used for the experiment away from the other Ministries, specifically the Ministry of Geology.

You can find the entire translation of the chats here.

Minister Anya Al-Shahrani and Moira are constantly clashing heads at this point, and not only does it give us insight on the new hero, but also how Moira works around her Oasis peers.

Where her demeanor towards the others is snide and possessive. Undermining another Ministry in the process. In this instance we need to remember that Moira's drive stems from her own self-testing, she is physically 'withering away' as Lifeweaver would put it.

You can see how her own self experimentation is adding pressure to her progress overall. Where she is isolated and obsessed, pushing herself until the material itself is thoroughly analyzed.

However, when Moira says that the material has found a permanent home in the Genetics Ministry, you can guess that she's already used the isotope for her own personal experiments, keeping it stored in the Chemistry Ministry later on.

And, it breaks loose.

Who is or what are the 'Phreaks?'

I'm just going to say, holy cow, this hero and their faction has made a mess of things in the Oasis lab. We can't be entirely sure whether or not to call this person a hero, but I'd like to think this is a hero amongst Moira's experiments.

Perspective wise, a hero towards the newest 'Phreaks' faction that is being introduced. They are foils against Oasis, but this does not mean that they aren't capable of hurting other factions as well.

I'm going to also assume that Talon is one of them considering that this is one of Moira's experiments gone awry. But also say that Doomfist is not going to be pleased about any of this.

Or he might be pleased that one of these experiments is wreaking havoc on people in revenge, though I think this might make his plans more difficult with coming to fruition.

(I'm being open minded about the possibilities.)

I also would love to see this hero interact with all of Moira's experiments. I'm sure we will at some point, but I'm rooting for Sigma's interaction the most. Maybe Mercy's if we're lucky enough.

As for the Phreaks, I'd like to say that the sprays in the Chemistry Ministry is not conveying just one character.

I think that it could convey a number of different experiments. A character mutated plant-wise with a touch of toxicity, a dog-like experiment guarded with armor and it's own enlarged teeth, and a sparked up serpent with a lit fuse. There's also another small holo-spray to the right door of the lab, but I can't quite figure it out.

This could also be seen that with the Vanadium isotope being used as the main part of this experiment, that these signs could just be the different parts of this hero altogether, or the different facets of each experiment affected by Vanadium testing.

Armored Dog: Vanadium's capability to enhance other metals, making them stronger.

Acidic Flower: Vanadium's resistance to natural corrosion.

Electric Eel/Serpent: Vanadium's capability to store and emit energy efficiently.

So what about the new hero?

However, with humans, Vanadium is a toxic material. It affects in a negative way.

"High exposure to Vanadium can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and greenish discoloration of the tongue."

So I think this character, although mixed with an 'indestructible isotope' could have negative side effects if not taken care of properly, or watched over by the person (Moira) who is responsible for the change in the first place.

Regarding roles, and the ongoing buzz of this being a tank, I do think making use of the vibration and shock resistance would make sense if going up against a different hero like Venture, or a possible Mauga slamming down onto your team.

This does sound like another form of an Orisa fortify, but I think the difference is that this hero might become slightly less hindered by status effects instead of knockback. You're still going to get pushed around, but the damage intake can be lessened with one of your abilities.

As for the resistance to natural corrosion, abilities that cause map and area denials might not work, but end up charging this hero's damage output.

I'm thinking of Lucario from Super Smash Bros, mixed with Electro from the Amazing Spider-Man 2.

Abilities like Torb's Molten Core, Venture's Tectonic Shock, and Sigma's Gravitic Flux might not work well against this hero.

But D.Va bombs, Kitsune Rush, High Noons, Baptiste's matrix, and ultimates that can dish out incredible amounts of high damage input and increase could work well.

Then again, this is all just a theory, so let me know what you think. Since the hero has yet to be released, I'm making it adamantly clear that this is purely my take on what they could be. It is no way canon.

[colakills]

can you guys chill lmao. just trying to help

Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, cobalt, lead, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, boron, and silicon. The name sapphire is derived from the Latin word sapphirus, itself from the Greek word sappheiros (σάπφειρος), which referred to lapis lazuli. It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. Red corundum stones also occur, but are called rubies rather than sapphires. Pink-colored corundum may be classified either as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in jewelry. They also may be created synthetically in laboratories for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs. Sapphire is the birthstone for September and the gem of the 45th anniversary. A sapphire jubilee occurs after 65 years.

Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, they occur in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.

Significant sapphire deposits are found in Australia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Cameroon, China (Shandong), Colombia, Ethiopia, India Jammu and Kashmir (Padder, Kishtwar), Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Nigeria, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, United States (Montana) and Vietnam. Sapphire and rubies are often found in the same geographical settings, but they generally have different geological formations. For example, both ruby and sapphire are found in Myanmar's Mogok Stone Tract, but the rubies form in marble, while the sapphire forms in granitic pegmatites or corundum syenites.

Every sapphire mine produces a wide range of quality, and origin is not a guarantee of quality. For sapphire, Jammu and Kashmir receives the highest premium, although Burma, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar also produce large quantities of fine quality gems.

The cost of natural sapphires varies depending on their color, clarity, size, cut, and overall quality. Sapphires that are completely untreated are worth far more than those that have been treated. Geographical origin also has a major impact on price. For most gems of one carat or more, an independent report from a respected laboratory such as GIA, Lotus Gemology, or SSEF, is often required by buyers before they will make a purchase.

[sunsolii]

Napoleon's Marshals and their Birthstones Part 2

This is part 2 of my series where I list all 26 marshal's birthstones, I'll also be adding two non-marshals to the list ;). In this post I'll go over months May through August, the format will be the same as the last post. If you want to review the terms used in the post I'll put the link to the first part here .

--------------------------------------------------------------

Emerald (May)

Marshals- Davout, Kellermann, Massena, Perignon, and Poniatowski

Type: Mineral

Group: Beryl (Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆)

Color: Green or bluish-green

Cleavage: Indistinct to none

Fracture: Conchoidal

Mohs Scale: 7.5-8

Luster: Vitreous

Streak: White

Fun Fact: Emerald is one of the four cardinal (most valuable) gemstones, along with diamond, ruby, and sapphire. Its value is due to the limited amount of beryllium (an element in beryl minerals) found in one location on the surface of the Earth, making it rare to find. An even rarer type of emerald is a trapiche emerald, which has the shape of a wheel, with each piece of emerald separated by the inclusion of black shale; the shale becomes less present as time passes. Its green color is due to the presence of chromium or vanadium in its chemical composition. Traces of iron make the color turn into a bluish or yellowish tint.

Pearl (June)

Marshals- N/A (Honorable mention: Joséphine de Beauharnais)

Type: Mineral

Group: Carbonate (CaCo₃)

Color: White, pink, silver, cream, iridescent, blue, gold

Cleavage: None

Fracture: Uneven

Mohs Scale: 2.5-4.5

Luster: Pearly

Streak: White

Fun Facts: Pearls are made either naturally or synthetically. Natural pearls are formed inside the soft tissue of various mollusk species like oysters and mussels when an irritant such as sand gets inside the mollusk. As a defense mechanism, the mollusk covers the object with a substance called nacre, a combination of aragonite and conchiolin. These layers build up over time until they create a pearl. Man-made or cultured pearls are formed when a small piece of a mussel shell is inserted into the mollusk's tissue, causing the mollusk to secrete nacre onto the shell piece. Under a controlled environment, pearls form a perfectly shaped sphere, rather than forming in irregular shapes like organic pearls form.

Ruby (July)

Marshals- Moncey, and Marmont

Type: Mineral

Group: Oxide (Al₂O₃)

Color: Blood red, orange red, pink, or purple red

Cleavage: Indistinct

Fracture: Conchoidal or splintery

Mohs Scale: 9

Luster: Vitreous

Streak: White

Fun Fact: Rubies have the same chemical composition as sapphires, making them the same type of mineral (corundum), the only difference being that rubies are red due to chromium in their crystal lattice, while sapphires are blue, but it does come in different colors [1]. Rubies are not only known for their use in expensive jewelry but also for having major cultural significance ranging from ancient to modern times. In ancient Greece, rubies were thought to preserve mental and physical strength. Many Greek warriors wore talismans with rubies as protection when heading into battles [2].

Peridot (August)

Marshals- Bessières (Honorable mention: Napoleon Bonaparte)

Type: Mineral

Group: Silicate ((Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄)

Color: Green, yellowish-green, olive-green

Cleavage: Poor

Fracture: Conchoidal

Mohs Scale: 6.5-7

Luster: Vitreous or greasy

Streak: Colorless

Fun Fact: Peridot can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid, creating a gelatinous silica form. It was first discovered on the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea (located near Egypt) 3,500 years ago. The largest known peridot was also discovered in Egypt, weighing approximately 319 carats. The Egyptians were very fond of peridot and believed it to be the gemstone of the sun god Ra, giving it the name the 'evening emerald.' When determining the value of a peridot, its color plays an important role. Peridots with a pure green hue are more desirable than those with a yellowish tint (high iron levels are present). Peridot is also the gemstone with the most inclusions visibly present, which can affect its value, but it is often attributed to it being part of its natural structure.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Sources:

Emerald: King, H. M. (n.d.). Emerald. geology. https://geology.com/gemstones/emerald/

Pearl: MAT, M. (2023, August 26). Pearl: Mineral, gemstone: Properties, formation, occurrence. Geology Science. https://geologyscience.com/minerals/organic-minerals/pearl/?amp

Ruby: [1] King, H. M. (n.d.). Ruby and Sapphire. geology. https://geology.com/gemstones/ruby-and-sapphire/

[2] MAT, M. (2023, April 25). Ruby: Properties, formation, occurrence " Geology science. Geology Science. https://geologyscience.com/gemstone/ruby/?amp

Peridot: MAT, M. (2023, August 29). Peridot : Gemstone, properties, occurrence and uses " geology science. Geology Science. https://geologyscience.com/gemstone/peridot/?amp

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Powering the future—ultrathin films enhance electrical conductivity in flexible electronics

What if your electronic devices could adapt on the fly to temperature, pressure, or impact? Thanks to a new breakthrough in downsizing quantum materials, that idea is becoming a reality. In an article published this month in Applied Physics Express, a multi-institutional research team led by Osaka University announced that they have successfully synthesized an ultrathin vanadium dioxide film on a flexible substrate, in a way that preserves the film's electrical properties. Vanadium dioxide is well known in the scientific community for its ability to transition between conductor and insulator phases at nearly room temperature. This phase transition underpins smart and adaptable electronics that can adjust to their environment in real time. But there is a limit to how thin vanadium dioxide films can be, because making a material too small affects its ability to conduct or insulate electricity.

Read more.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Table 13.1 shows the common oxidation states encountered for the first-row transition metal ions, along with their corresponding electron configurations.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[natureselements]

✨Moroccan Vanadinite✨

☀️That stunning druzy effect is only found in Moroccan vanadinite, which makes up for its lack of crystal blade size by completely covering a matrix in tightly packed clusters and stacks of brilliant rich red multi-crystal heaps!☀️

🍄Vanadinite is a lead vanadate chloride that belongs to the Apatite group of minerals! Which is funny because although they contain similar mineral properties, this is the only red/orange color of its group!🍄

🔥Vanadinite is created due to chemical alterations of oxidized lead ore deposits, usually galena and other vanadium minerals! Vanadium comes from the oxidation of vanadiferous sulphides or from the host rocks by leaching of silicates. That is how the blade like formations occur in short hexagonal prisms and sometimes can be skeletal!😱🙌

🌙Metaphysically Vanadinite can be used for supporting hormone production and assisting one to focus and maintain direction✨ Not only that, this is a wonderful mineral for boosting creativity, playfulness and curiosity!🌙

🌿Vanadinite is strongly associated with the element of fire, offering a boost of power and strength when tasks become difficult or fatigue begins to take over! These are high vibrational crystals and are known to induce energy and can aid in the flow of ideas through your mind and body.🌼

☀️This mineral is not intended for direct use of making crystal enhanced water due to its lead content- please use the indirect way and do not put this mineral in water that is to be consumed☀️ Of course with most raw minerals, be sure to wash hands after handling and don’t let your kids or pets come into contact for safety reasons🙏

Thanks for coming to our crystal campfire!🔥 Follow for more information about amazing specimens of Earth!💚

🌱You can find a few of these left for adoption in our shop here🌱

[rigelregent]

Blood Colours

I started thinking about blood colours, so here are some things I have thought of for some of my species:

Vanadium based: Yellow when oxygenated due to the +5 oxidation state; blue/purple when deoxygenated thanks to V(IV) or V(II) respectively. The people of {Amadala} have this.

Chromium based: Orange when oxygenated as chromium is in its hexavalent form and dark green when deoxygenated due to Cr(III). This flows through the veins of the Akina and the other «vertebrate» fauna of their world.

Iron based: Red when oxygenated due to iron(III), in the Ure-Jani and Araacr it gains a greenish tint thanks to chlorine, it gets darker when deoxygenated thanks to iron(II). I am basing this on hemoglobin.

I am basing these colours off those of the respective ions/salts in solution. If anyone has a better perspective on this and would like to add something, please do.

For more speculation on alien blood, see: xenology.info/Xeno/10.4.htm

[best-element-poll]

(the 3 most voted will advance into the next round!) (because I really can't figure out a way to do this 6 at a time anymore)

lots of strong contenders in this one...

propaganda under the cut:

look at my beautiful girlfriend. the day I performed the experiment on vanadium's oxidation states was the happiest I've ever been in the lab. look at this beaut. how can you not vote her. i don't give a shit that the fundamentals like iron and copper are in here, vanadium is very beautiful and you will see that. it was literally named after the scandanavian goddess of beauty and fertility. NAMED AFTER A GODDESS! COME ON! please vote vanadium please please please

[your-darling-gaze]

Humming a tune, walking into the empty Stark Laboratory, whistling a tune as I settle down...

'J.A.R.V.I.S, come in, it's playtime...'

Monitor system buzzing, activating processing units...

Evening Ma'am. Feeling Creative, I see. How would you like your ambience, Miss Grace?

'What can I say, J, I'm in the mood for work tonight, Aren't you too? Smiles...Just play whatever Mister Stark has on his playlist...'

Noted. Now Playing- Paint it Black by The Rolling Stones

Going into Creative, Miss Grace...

'Restore all of the last few browsings and display into list, please.'

LAST BROWSINGS:

What are the fundamental principles for designing high-entropy alloys with superior strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance for specific applications?

How can we optimize the microstructure of metallic materials to achieve a balance between strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance for specific applications, such as aerospace and automotive?

How can we ensure the long-term durability and safety of nuclear power plant components, considering the harsh radiation and temperature environments?

What are the environmental impacts of metal extraction, processing, and recycling, and how can we develop sustainable strategies to minimize these impacts?

How can we effectively integrate advanced characterization techniques to understand the degradation mechanisms of metallic components in service, and use this knowledge to improve component life and reliability?

Smiles...

'Thank you, I'll be needing that next...Now give me....sustainable microfibre alloy proportions...'

Very Well. You will now need narrowing down from your records.

Iron-based alloys: Often used in machinery due to abundance and cost-effectiveness.

Nickel-based alloys: Known for high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance, suitable for nuclear components.

Titanium alloys: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, but expensive. High-entropy alloys: Emerging class of alloys with potential for unique properties.

'Now give the proportions we've considered the last time we looked into our simulators, Only for....the Nickel Based Alloys, make a list...'

Looks over thoughtfully as the list is being formulated...scrolls down the list, switching screens on the holograms...

Monel: A nickel-copper alloy known for corrosion resistance. 63% nickel, between 29% and 34% copper, between 2% and 2.5% iron, and between 1.5% and 2% manganese.

Inconel: A family of nickel-chromium-based alloys, often used in high-temperature applications. 61% nickel, 22% chromium, and 9% molybdenum

Hastelloy: A group of nickel-based alloys with exceptional corrosion resistance in various media. Hastelloy C276, also known as UNS N10276, has the following chemical composition: Nickel (Ni): 57%, Molybdenum (Mo): 15–17%, Chromium (Cr): 14.5–16.5%, Iron (Fe): 4–7%, Tungsten (W): 3–4.5%, Manganese (Mn): 1% maximum, Cobalt (Co): 2.5% maximum, Vanadium (V): 0.35% maximum and Silicon (Si): 0.08 maximum

Incoloy: Nickel-iron-chromium alloys designed for high-temperature applications and resistance to oxidation. Nickel: 38–46%, Chromium: 18–22%, Iron: Balance, Aluminum: 0.3–0.7%, Titanium: 0.15–0.6%, Manganese: 1.5% max, Silicon: 1% max, Carbon: 0.05% max, Sulfur: 0.015% max and Phosphorus: 0.02% max

Smirks, clapping my hands twice, the data reducing to 17 little fragments of hologram, flicking away the unnecessary bits that remain of the non highlighted data...

Data Compiled, Miss.

'Yeah, good... you've been writting down what I've been saying while I was in the simulation unit the other day and today, haven't you...?'

Yes Ma'am.

'Turn all of that, into that research booklet we were asked for, so we can give him what....roughly, an estimated idea of the whole entire suit, merits and demerits, budgeting and assemblance...give him the blueprints too, at the end of it...I have a feeling this one will not... disappoint...'

Working on it, Ma'am.

Runs hands on my face tiredly, waiting for it to compile, drumming fingers onto the table, cracks neck, shifts head...

Report Compiled, Ma'am.

'Good boy, J. You've been a darling, tonight, great help, I can never thank you enough... sometime when you're human, or if...Imma owe you big time.'

No worries, Ma'am. You've been quite amazing to work with as well.

Smiles...

'Let's call it a night, J.A.R.V.I.S...Thank you...Good Night...'

Hologram goes off...

Goodnight Ma'am.

______________________________________

( @tony-starkinator @the-loss-of-my-life )