#VCUs

[dorleco]

Internal Combustion Engines

Introduction

For over a century, internal combustion engines (ICEs) have been the foundation of contemporary transportation and manufacturing. Because of their exceptional endurance and drivability, these engines power almost 250 million roadway vehicles in the United States alone. In addition to gasoline and diesel, ICEs can run on natural gas, propane, biodiesel, and ethanol. Furthermore, they can be combined with hybrid systems to improve efficiency and increase the range of hybrid electric vehicles.

Types of internal combustion engines

Internal combustion engines fall into two categories:

Continuous combustion engines, like jet engines, use a steady influx of fuel and oxidizer to sustain a constant flame. This type’s distinguishing feature is its smooth operation, with all thermodynamic processes taking place concurrently in a continuous flow.

Intermittent Combustion Engines, often known as reciprocating engines, ignite air and fuel mixes occasionally. Examples include diesel engines and gasoline piston engines. The thermodynamic events occur successively in a cycle that repeats throughout the engine’s operation.

Despite their operational variations, both types take air, compress it, and ignite the air-fuel mixture to produce energy. This energy moves vehicles and powers machinery. In contrast, external combustion engines, such as steam engines, rely on heat transfer rather than chemical reactions in the working fluid.

How Internal Combustion engines work

Internal combustion engines release energy by combusting a fuel-air mixture. This process happens inside the engine and powers its components. A conventional ICE consists of a stationary cylinder and a moving piston. The expanding combustion gases drive the piston, which rotates the crankshaft and eventually transfers power to the vehicle’s wheels via the powertrain.

Four-stroke engine cycle

The majority of ICEs in use today are four-stroke engines, which require four-piston movements to complete a cycle.

Intake Stroke:

The piston moves from the Top Dead Center (TDC) to the Bottom Dead Center (BDC) as the intake valve opens. This permits a mixture of air and fuel into the cylinder. The engine wastes energy during this phase as the crankshaft rotates.

Compression Stroke:

Following intake, the piston moves back to TDC, compressing the air-fuel combination. Both intake and exhaust valves stay closed, resulting in maximum pressure. Near the end of this stroke, a spark (in gasoline engines) or fuel injection (in diesel engines) starts combustion.

Power stroke:

Combustion pushes the piston down from TDC to BDC. This stroke creates the engine’s torque and power, which drive the crankshaft and power the vehicle.

Exhaust Stroke:

With the piston reaching BDC, the exhaust valve opens. The piston returns to TDC, discharging combustion gasses into the exhaust system. Rotating the crankshaft requires energy, the same as the intake stroke.

This cycle requires two full crankshaft revolutions (720°). Notably, only the power stroke produces energy, while the other three strokes consume it.

Parts of an internal combustion engines

The key components of an ICE are:

The cylinder head houses the camshaft, valves, spark/glow plugs, and injectors. Coolant circulates throughout the skull to control temperature.

Engine Block: The engine block contains the pistons, connecting rods, and crankshaft. To regulate temperature, coolant circulates here as well.

Combustion Chamber: The space produced by the cylinder head, block, and piston at TDC where fuel combustion occurs.

Advantages of Internal Combustion Engines

ICEs provide various benefits:

Compact Size: They are smaller than external combustion engines.

High Power-to-Weight Ratio: suitable for applications that require lightweight and efficient power sources.

Versatility: Suitable for a variety of vehicles and machinery.

Safety: Safety advantages over external combustion engines include faster start times and fewer dangers.

Efficiency: Improved by advances in engine design and fuel injection technologies.

Low Maintenance: Lubricants are used sparingly, and there is little maintenance required.

Lower Operating Temperatures: Peak temperatures are achieved shortly during combustion, reducing heat-related wear.

The disadvantages of internal combustion engines

However, ICEs have some drawbacks:

Fuel Requirements: Limited to high-quality gaseous and liquid fuels.

High Costs: gasoline and diesel are relatively pricey.

Emissions: ICEs emit more pollutants than external combustion engines.

Noise: Reciprocating motion causes significant noise.

Limited Power Output: Not suitable for very high-power applications.

Applications for Internal Combustion Engines

ICEs are used in a variety of industries:

Gasoline engines are common in automobiles, boats, and planes.

Diesel engines: Diesel engines are used in trucks, trains, ships, and power generators.

Gas Turbines: Gas turbines are used in aviation, maritime propulsion, and industrial power generation.

Future of Internal Combustion Engines

Despite their ubiquitous use, ICEs are receiving increased scrutiny due to environmental issues and resource depletion. Efforts to increase efficiency and lower emissions include:

Alternative Fuels: The production of biofuels, hydrogen, and other renewable energy sources.

Hybrid and electric systems: hybrid and electric systems combine internal combustion engines with electric motors to increase efficiency.

Advanced Technologies: Advanced technologies include improved engine management systems, lightweight materials, and aerodynamic designs.

Conclusion

Internal combustion engines have been critical to contemporary transportation and industry for more than a century. Their efficiency, dependability, and adaptability have fueled global industrialization and mobility. However, their dependency on fossil fuels and environmental effect needs a transition to greener options.

Ongoing research into alternative fuels and electrification technologies, together with breakthroughs in engine design, promises a more sustainable future for transportation. While ICEs have been the foundation of industrial success, the transition to environmentally friendly power sources is critical to addressing climate change and resource issues. The route forward is to strike a balance between innovation and environmental stewardship, resulting in a cleaner, more sustainable future for all.

Dorleco provides cutting-edge VCUs, CAN Displays, CAN Keypads, and EV software solutions that enable the future of automotive innovation around the world. For additional information, contact us at info@dorleco.com.

[quhere]

something incredibly powerful is how healing these encampments as community spaces have been for so many. I’ve seen undergraduates get tutoring from graduate students, students who are food insecure receive three meals a day, students share their art and exchange gifts…. Seeing students put aside these typical structures of power aside has been incredibly fulfilling to watch. So many different people from many different backgrounds have learned from each other and exchanged their resources. I wish student protestors all over the US the very best. There is so much selflessness and passion in these spaces

[vcujensen]

Soldier Boy | The Boys 3x06

[marcheriest]

Quite old, but this was my 2021 cover for VCU's Emanata Comic Anthology, Volume 8: THE END. A personal pleasure and a great bookend since I had been a contributor and editor on the publication for all 4 years of my time at the school.

[trislosherfan25]

If you are curious about what happened at the VCU student protest for Palestine, please check out this thread

The treatment of student protestors was completely unwarranted and unnecessary violent, and was initiated and escalated by law enforcement. Please read up on it. I wasn't present at the protest itself, but I was in the area. The encampment was set up just today, and had been entirely peaceful all day. Once it got dark out I saw a massive amount of police vehicles arrive in the area. I began walking home (I do not feel safe joining a protest without a group and I did not know of the encampment until today, so I was unprepared to join) and passed the area of the protest. Police were there but there was no screaming or confrontation at this point, this was about 10-15 minutes after I saw vehicles arrive. I turned a corner and saw the area of the protest again, and loud sirens were being used on protestors (this was about 5 minutes later) I continued to hear them from my apartment for a while after. During this time students at the protest were being tear gassed and arrested (seen in the thread.)

While I wasn't at the protest itself, I wanted to give my account of what happened so you can get a sense of how rapidly this escalated. Please listen to the students from my school, keep an eye out for bail funds for those arrested - I will post any that I find. Free Palestine!

[chugging-antiseptic-dye]

shadow characteristics of seventeen 🌘:

vcu version I ppu version I hiphop unit

jeonghan: loyal

i know all of us like to jokingly tell jeonghan off for cheating in gose but he does that to spice up the atmosphere and make gose fun !! most of the iconic moments are because of his cheating or rule bending and i love him for that 💝 but when not being jeonghan, the trickster member of seventeen, he is a really loyal friend. with the way svt says he is the emotional pillar of the group, i think jeonghan is very ride or die. he is the one who will get drunk with you when you get your heartbroken, the one who will hate the person you hate even without meeting them, the one who will take your secrets to the grave missing jeonghan hours is open T_T

joshua: tense

i feel like joshua is the most relaxed when he is with his loved ones or when he goes home to light a scented candle and listen to soft music. although he is an extrovert, his career can put an internal sort of pressure in him and make him seem a bit tense at times. if you pay attention, when in a public setting, he is always aware of what he says and does. so, yes, the crazy is also somewhat deliberate. impulsiveness and shua doesn't go hand in hand i fear. and that sort of constant awareness can be extremely draining for a person. i hope he gets to unwind and just be joshua when the camera isn't rolling.

woozi: chaotic

woozi loves chaos. he thrives on chaos. he eats it for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. the more dramatic a situation is, the better. just because he, himself, isn't starting the drama in front of the camera doesn't mean that he doesn't egg the others on lmao. hoshi is his one of his best friends for a reason 🤓👆. i bet my whole fortune (2$) that he is more loud and dramatic than we know. and i am talking about scoups level of dramatic. nonchalant? no. ALL THE CHALANT !!

dokyeom: private

all of seventeen are good at keeping their lives private (which i hundred percent support !!) but dokyeom doing it hits me hardest since he is one of the yappers and chronic oversharers of the group i love him sm. even in his daily life, i feel like if he doesn't want to share something, it will never see the light of the day. he will bury it deeper than the mariana trench. i really respect his moving in silence agenda ngl.

seungkwan: silent

seungkwan is a born entertainer 🙌 but he is a lot quieter than we see from the outside. i remember him once saying he really appreciates jeonghan bc he leaves him be. seungkwan has high expectations from himself when it comes to his role as an idol or entertainer. that's why i feel like only once he is alone or with his close people, he lets his metaphorical hair down and just becomes seungkwan, a person i hope he gets to do that everyday.

[eliks]

Police have begun pepperspraying, fighting, and detaining the peaceful pro-Palestinian student protesters on my campus. If possible, please donate to the RVA bail fund in order to help the arrested students.

https://rvabailfund.org/donate

[paulrosenstein]

871

[altraviolet]

ALTRAVIOLET, MAKE A TFP SEQUAL

And my LIFE

Is yOURRSSS

(no pressure tho, i saw a post in the Goobers going back i was like 😮👁️👁️)

[I don't know what "i saw a post in the Goobers going back" means... o.o]

hiiiiiiii anon!

lol ok I can see why you say that. and that's the short answer. but it's 5am and I don't want to go to work, so here are some more words about this subject:

I have a lot of thoughts about a sequel, most of them being, "I will not be able to recapture the exact flavor of intense emotional change in Soundwave + slow burn that everyone enjoyed, because SW has already changed and the slow burn is done." SW is in a happy place now. a sequel written in the same vein as the original (with emotional intensity, dire stakes, character growth and intricate connections) would require putting him in a bad place, and him overcoming it, with consequences. and yeah, maybe people would want to read that, but consider: are you sure??? do you know what I could do to him????

lol

I get it, and I would never say never. but if you want a true TEG 2.0, I think it would hurt to read, and it wouldn't have as happy an ending as TEG. however. however. if I think of something beyond "regular adventure they could go on" (which like, I feel like you want something deeper than that), I'll do it. a regular adventure or a series of little slice of life scenes are like. yeah. I could do that. but

a sequel to TEG deserves to be a sequel to TEG, ya know?

but! consider. however. I have started a new Rodimus/Soundwave fic, in a fanon continuity, which means I've made up EVERYTHING about the world. it doesn't rely much on any canon. does that sound appealing at all? ;A; if you happened to be someone who read TEG without reading MTMTE, it'd feel the same: you'd be introduced to the world through the fic. there isn't anything extraneous to it to rely on

that's me practicing moving from fic to original work

I'd really love to be able to write fiction for a living, which is like, a zillion to one chance. but I'm tired of working. I just wanna write. which means: I have to write. which means: I have to use my limited free time to write what's going to get me to my goal. which means: no TEG sequel planned. which means: never say never. but also. I have a lot of other fics. would you like to give them a try? would you give my new fic a try? or do you just want TEG 2.0?

which, if you do, I get it. but hopefully also you get where I'm coming from

ultimately, you wanting more of my writing is a huge compliment, so thank you :) I hope the tone of my reply hasn't felt dismissive or mean or anything. the goal was just to be very truthful, since I'm sure you're not the only one interested in a sequel

as always, no matter what, thanks for reading ✨

[spell-bloom]

DON’T FORGET ABOUT VCU

Richmond police assaulted peaceful students at VCU on Monday April 29th, 2024. The students were granted permission by the university to protest. The protest officially started at 5PM EST outside of the Cabell Library, but several students started as early as 8 AM. They called it the Palestine Liberation Zone. Hundreds of VCU students attended.

The protesters' list of demands from VCU. They were not going to leave until the University acquiesced.

At 8:30 PM EST, Richmond police arrived at the protest in full riot gear. The pallets you see were brought in by the students to protect the tents, and themselves, from police. The University called in the police.

At 9PM, the police were armed with riot shields and formed a wall against the students. Students used pallets, signs, and themselves to press back against officers. Some flung empty water bottles against them. One of the officers used pepper spray against the students. You can see several students in the windows in the library.

Another officer pepper spraying students and setting off a tear gas canister.

RPD are claiming that they did not use tear gas.

The police retreated and the students heckle and cheer in victory.

By 9:12 PM, the students were locked inside the library by police for their safety and to prevent any chemicals from entering the building. Here is a video from a student's POV inside of the Cabell Library.

A student being arrested.

Sanitation workers take away tents and anything that was left behind. Laptops, books and other school materials were thrown away in a dumpster or were destroyed. Several students say that officers were snacking on the food that was left behind.

Past midnight, the organizers told the students to go home. The students in the library were officially let go after 4 hours of being stuck there. 13 arrests were made.

This is the University's response:

Is VCU providing safety to students in the form of riot police, pepper spray and tear gas? Almost all of the protesters were students of VCU, with maybe a handful of non-students joining in, according to a student who attends there. If the campus did not want disruption, they should not have given the green light to students protesting peacefully against genocide.

Here are several videos of the students being 'violent'

Sources: linked on twitter and a friend who attends VCU If any students or witnesses want to give more information, please feel free to comment or contact so I can update the post.

[curiouscatalog]

Local Richmond magazine from the 1980s.

From: Boys & Girls Grow Up. Richmond, Va. : Amy Crehore, Tom Campagnoli, 1981-1985.

PN6700.B69

[dorleco]

Correction And Error Detection In CAN

Introduction

In the rapidly changing field of automobile technology, communication is essential. Contemporary cars are equipped with several technical parts that need to function as a unit. The Controller Area Network (CAN), a reliable and strong protocol that enables data transfer between various components, is one of the pillars of this communication. To preserve this dependability, CAN fault detection and repair techniques are necessary. We will discuss error detection in CAN and correction in this blog post, highlighting the significance of these processes for maintaining the reliability and safety of contemporary automobiles.

The Importance of CAN for Modern Automobiles

Let’s first examine CAN’s fundamental function in contemporary cars before delving into error detection and rectification.

What is meant by CAN? Electronic control units (ECUs) in a car can communicate with one another thanks to the Controller Area Network, a reliable serial communication protocol. Engine control, transmission management, safety systems, and other functions are handled by ECU components.

What makes CAN significant? The foundation of automotive communication, CAN allows several car components to share data in real-time. For instance, it ensures safe and seamless vehicle operation by coordinating stability control and brake systems.

CAN’s susceptibility

Even though CAN communication is dependable, mistakes can nevertheless happen. Communication problems can be caused by several things, such as:

Noise and Interference: Data mistakes can result from CAN signal corruption caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by different electrical components in the car.

Hardware Issues: Communication may be hampered by issues with transceivers, connectors, or other hardware parts.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC): Signal loss or distortion may result from incompatibilities between various ECUs or components.

The need for strong error detection and correction systems in the CAN protocol is highlighted by the identification of these vulnerabilities.

Fundamentals of Error Detection In Can

To guarantee data dependability, CAN uses a variety of error detection techniques. These are the main methods:

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): Using the transmitted data as input, the CRC algorithm creates a checksum. To find differences, the receiving node calculates its CRC and compares it to the transmitted CRC. Any discrepancy is a mistake.

Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A CAN frame’s FCS field contains checksum data for error detection, much to CRC.

Bit Stuffing: CAN uses bit stuffing to keep sender and receiver synchronization. A possible error is indicated if the bit pattern differs from what is expected.

Error Correction in CAN

Error Repair guarantees that the system keeps running without interruption, whereas error detection finds problems. Important techniques for mistake correction include:

Retransmission: To guarantee precise delivery, the sender retransmits the message after identifying an error. This is essential to the dependability of CAN.

Mechanism for Acknowledgment: To verify that the communication was successfully received, the recipient provides an acknowledgment. The sender assumes a mistake and retransmits if they don’t receive an acknowledgment.

Recovering and Managing Errors

Errors must be addressed and recovered promptly to preserve system reliability. This is how CAN handles it:

Error Flags: CAN signals problems with error flags. These indicators aid in quickly identifying and fixing issues.

Error Passive and Error Active Modes: Nodes alternate between error active and error passive modes based on the number of mistakes found.

Error Active Mode: When nodes discover errors, they actively participate in communication.

Error Passive Mode: To avoid network interruption, nodes lower their activity.

Advanced Techniques for Handling Errors

In some cases, sophisticated systems are used to guarantee continuous connection. These consist of:

Fault-Tolerant CAN (FTCAN): FTCAN uses two parallel CAN buses to add redundancy. The other bus keeps communicating even if the first one fails.

Flex Ray: The Flex Ray Protocol is a sophisticated communication standard for automotive networks that provides better error management and faster data rates, despite not being a CAN protocol.

Error Detection In CAN and its Security

Cyber security: To stop unwanted access and CAN network manipulation, error detection and repair are essential. For instance, malevolent assaults might interfere with vehicle operations by taking advantage of communication flaws.

Advanced intrusion detection systems (IDS) are included in CAN networks to keep an eye on possible attacks and take appropriate action, improving system security in general.

The Prospects of Error Detection In CAN and Correction

New developments in Error Detection In CAN and correction are anticipated as automobiles get more complicated:

AI and Machine Learning: By examining trends and adjusting to changing circumstances, artificial intelligence can facilitate real-time error identification and repair.

Blockchain Technology: For safe, impenetrable data storage and exchange in CAN networks, researchers are investigating blockchain.

Improved Protocols: To handle errors more quickly and precisely, future versions of the CAN protocol might incorporate sophisticated algorithms.

Conclusion:

Modern Automobiles’ Heartbeat

The unsung hero of contemporary cars is the Controller Area Network (CAN), which makes it possible for vital parts to communicate with one another seamlessly. Behind the scenes, error detection and correction systems put in a lot of effort to keep this connection safe, secure, and dependable.

The significance of efficient error management in CAN will only increase as automobiles develop and incorporate cutting-edge technologies. With the assurance that their car’s systems are functioning properly, these systems guarantee that drivers and passengers can travel in safety and confidence. A safer, smarter, and more connected future is made possible by the automotive industry’s advancement of these capabilities.

Leading the way in automotive innovation worldwide, Dorleco is transforming the sector with innovative goods and services made for the future of transportation. Advanced Vehicle Control Units (VCUs), user-friendly CAN Displays, adaptable CAN Keypads, and cutting-edge EV Software Services are the areas of expertise for Dorleco, which has its headquarters in Farmington Hills, Michigan, with branches in Canada, Germany, and India.

We have been enabling the automotive sector since 2019 with software that boosts productivity and performance, smart interfaces, and fast charging solutions. To keep you ahead of the curve, Dorleco offers unmatched quality and experience, whether you’re upgrading the infrastructure for electric vehicles or incorporating cutting-edge automotive technology.

[vansfriend]

Vans Skate Agah VCU, Skate Cab 4 VCU, and the Rowley XLT

[vcujensen]

Vought-A-Burger pop-up | October 2024

[vroomian]

Hana and Yrz are definitely regarded as supernovas. Nobody knows who Kiba (because he’s forgotten more often than not) or Masa is (doesn’t really leave survivors lol). Jeong is known more for being the captain of the sparrow pirates, because they have more control of their temper than the rest of the crew put together, so they don’t get into situations where fighting is necessary.