#VCUs

[dorleco]

Understanding Battery Management System (BMS)

November 13, 2024

by dorleco

with no comment

eMOBILITY CONTROLS

Edit

Introduction

The technology underlying electric cars (EVs) is developing quickly and increasing in popularity. The Battery Management System (BMS) is vital to any energy storage, renewable energy, or electric vehicle system. By keeping an eye on and controlling many facets of the battery’s condition and operation, a BMS guarantees the battery pack’s best performance, longevity, and safety. We will explore the fundamental ideas of BMS in this blog, including its operation, its main components, and the range of tasks it carries out.

What is a Battery Management System?

An electrical device called a Battery Management System (BMS) monitors and controls a rechargeable battery to ensure it runs within safe bounds. It is crucial for high-power applications, such as EVs, HEVs, renewable energy systems, and others, where battery life, safety, and efficiency are top concerns. In essence, the BMS serves as the battery pack’s brain, constantly monitoring its condition, preventing it from going beyond its safe bounds, and keeping it in top condition.

Why is BMS Crucial for EVs?

The battery functions as the primary power source in EVs. Because of its great importance, each cell in the pack needs to function at its best. A battery that is not properly maintained may overheat, lose its balance, degrade more quickly, or even provide safety risks such as thermal runaway. Consequently, the BMS of an EV is required to:

Increased Safety: Prevents issues like short circuits, overcharging, and over-discharging that could result in overheating or fires.

Extended Battery Life: Reduces battery deterioration by optimizing usage conditions.

Optimize Range: Assures that the battery operates at its maximum capacity, allowing the car to reach its ideal driving range.

Monitor Health: Keeps track of the battery’s condition and notifies users when maintenance or replacements are required.

How Does the Battery Management System Operate?

Fundamentally, a BMS gathers information from the battery pack, evaluates it, and then complies with the rules. Let’s overview in more detail:

Data Collection: Cell voltage, current, temperature, and occasionally other parameters like state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are all continuously monitored by the BMS.

Data Processing and Analysis: To ascertain the battery’s present state, the data is analyzed after it has been gathered. For example, the BMS can determine whether the battery is getting close to dangerous operating conditions by examining voltage and temperature information.

Making Decisions: To maintain a consistent condition, the BMS makes decisions based on its analysis about whether to modify current flows, activate cooling devices, or balance the battery pack’s cells.

Action: The BMS takes action, such as lowering power flow, activating heating/cooling systems, or notifying the user, if conditions deviate from safe bounds.

Essential Components of a Battery Management System

Generally speaking, a Battery Management System consists of several crucial parts, each with a distinct purpose. Let’s examine the primary components of a typical BMS in more detail:

1. Circuit for Cell Monitoring and Balancing

Cell Voltage Monitoring: Prevents overcharging or over-discharging by measuring the voltage of individual cells. Maintaining voltages within safe bounds is essential to extending battery life and avoiding thermal problems since batteries are sensitive to changes in voltage.

Cell Balancing Circuit: The cell balancing circuit makes sure that every cell in a battery pack has the same amount of charge. Because weaker cells deteriorate more quickly than others, imbalances can result in decreased battery life and performance. Balancing circuits distribute the charge among the cells to maintain equal charge levels in the battery pack.

2. Temperature Sensors:

Temperature monitoring is crucial since extremes in temperature can impair battery performance or potentially pose safety hazards. Thermistors or other temperature sensors are commonly used by a BMS to monitor battery pack temperatures and make sure cells are within ideal limits.

3. Current Sensors:

These sensors gauge how much current flows into and out of the battery pack. In addition to preventing overcurrent scenarios that could harm the battery or associated devices, this data is essential for determining SOC and SOH.

4. Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

The BMS’s central processing unit, the Microcontroller Unit (MCU), is in charge of executing algorithms, storing information, and making choices depending on the data that is monitored. It notifies the user, carries out directives such as cell balance, and interacts with other systems or vehicle controls.

5. Communication Interface:

The Battery Management System can communicate with other systems, including the vehicle control unit (VCU) in electric vehicles, by using a communication interface. CAN bus, I2C, and SPI are examples of common communication protocols that enable data exchange for smooth system integration.

6. Safety and Protection Circuitry:

Protection circuitry, which includes features like under-voltage, short-circuit, and overcurrent protection, makes sure the battery runs safely. As a final resort, these circuits guard against disastrous malfunctions.

Essential Features of a Battery Control System

A BMS performs several vital tasks to preserve the safety and health of batteries. Here is a detailed examination of each of these roles:

1. Estimation of State of Charge (SOC)

SOC estimate displays the battery’s current charge level as a percentage of its overall capacity. Understanding the SOC is crucial for both energy management and EV range prediction. Temperature and aging can make SOC calculation difficult, which is why BMS algorithms frequently use techniques like open-circuit voltage measurement or Coulomb counting to provide precise estimates.

2. State of Health (SOH) Monitoring:

SOH evaluates the general health and remaining lifespan of a battery. It considers things like capacity fading, degradation patterns, and cell resistance. SOH monitoring aids in long-term performance and cost savings by assisting users in determining when maintenance or replacements are required.

3. Cell balancing

As previously stated, cell balancing makes sure that every cell in a battery pack keeps the same amount of charge. Longer battery life and improved efficiency are made possible by this procedure, which stops weaker cells from affecting the performance of the entire pack.

4. Thermal Management:

Because batteries are temperature-sensitive, their lifespan and performance can be impacted by both high and low temperatures. By monitoring cell and pack temperatures and turning on heating or cooling equipment as necessary, a BMS manages thermal management. To maintain peak performance under a variety of circumstances, advanced BMS systems in EVs frequently incorporate temperature management.

5. Protection against Overcharge and Over-Discharge

If a battery cell is overcharged or over-discharged, it may cause irreparable harm, safety hazards, or decreased performance. Cell voltages are continuously monitored by the BMS, which will lower charging rates or cease charging completely if voltages rise above acceptable bounds.

6. Current Regulation:

To keep the battery’s current within acceptable bounds, the Battery Management System controls how much current enters and exits the battery. To avoid overcurrent situations, which can harm battery cells and other system components, this safeguard is crucial.

7. Diagnosis and Communication

A lot of Battery Management Systems have diagnostic features that allow them to log information like operational temperatures, charge cycles, and trends over time. Furthermore, the BMS can convey data and warnings to other systems via communication interfaces, facilitating remote diagnostics and monitoring.

Challenges in BMS Design and Development

Several obstacles must be balanced to create a dependable and effective BMS:

Variability in Battery Chemistry: Different chemistries have different tolerances for voltage, current, and temperature (e.g., lithium-ion, lithium-iron-phosphate). A BMS needs to be customized for the particular battery chemistry.

Environmental Considerations: Particularly in automotive applications, BMS systems must function in a range of temperature, humidity, and vibration situations.

Financial Restrictions: The price of integrating premium sensors, circuits, and processors into a BMS must be weighed against the battery pack’s total cost.

Accuracy in SOC/SOH prediction: Due to variables including temperature, cell aging, and usage patterns, it can be challenging to obtain accurate SOC and SOH readings, which are crucial for user confidence and range prediction in EVs.

Future Trends in BMS Technology

With advancements aimed at boosting efficiency, safety, and accuracy, BMS technology has a promising future. Among the major themes are:

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: By learning from usage patterns, AI-powered BMS algorithms can enhance SOC and SOH estimations as well as predictive maintenance.

Solid-State Battery Compatibility: BMS technology will need to advance to accommodate various operating conditions as solid-state batteries proliferate.

Improved Connectivity and IoT: Real-time data sharing, remote diagnostics, and software updates are made possible by cloud connectivity and IoT integration, which can increase battery life and enhance user experience.

Conclusion

In applications like electric automobiles, battery management systems are essential for guaranteeing the performance, lifespan, and safety of contemporary battery packs. BMS technology will keep developing, providing more safety features, efficiency, and integration as battery technology advances and the need for energy storage solutions grows. BMS technology will become increasingly important in enabling a sustainable future as it advances in sophistication. The BMS is unquestionably the unsung hero behind the scenes, whether it is facilitating EVs’ increased range on a single charge or handling the intricate requirements of renewable energy storage.

Discover how electric vehicle performance will develop in the future with Dorleco’s top-tier automotive solutions! Our blog on Battery Management Systems (BMS) delves into the core of EV innovation, including information on battery longevity, safety, and efficiency — all of which are essential in the rapidly changing EV market of today. At Dorleco, we provide CAN Keypads, CAN Displays, and high-performance Vehicle Control Units (VCUs) for dependable and easy integration with your EV systems. We provide full solutions that maximize performance, minimize downtime, and improve the EV experience when combined with our extensive EV Software Services. Dorleco provides the technologies and know-how to assist you speed up your transition to the future of electric mobility, whether your goal is increasing battery efficiency or EV safety.

Visit us at Dorleco and learn how our cutting-edge solutions can power your next EV project.

[quhere]

something incredibly powerful is how healing these encampments as community spaces have been for so many. I’ve seen undergraduates get tutoring from graduate students, students who are food insecure receive three meals a day, students share their art and exchange gifts…. Seeing students put aside these typical structures of power aside has been incredibly fulfilling to watch. So many different people from many different backgrounds have learned from each other and exchanged their resources. I wish student protestors all over the US the very best. There is so much selflessness and passion in these spaces

[vcujensen]

Soldier Boy | The Boys 3x06

[marcheriest]

Quite old, but this was my 2021 cover for VCU's Emanata Comic Anthology, Volume 8: THE END. A personal pleasure and a great bookend since I had been a contributor and editor on the publication for all 4 years of my time at the school.

[trislosherfan25]

If you are curious about what happened at the VCU student protest for Palestine, please check out this thread

The treatment of student protestors was completely unwarranted and unnecessary violent, and was initiated and escalated by law enforcement. Please read up on it. I wasn't present at the protest itself, but I was in the area. The encampment was set up just today, and had been entirely peaceful all day. Once it got dark out I saw a massive amount of police vehicles arrive in the area. I began walking home (I do not feel safe joining a protest without a group and I did not know of the encampment until today, so I was unprepared to join) and passed the area of the protest. Police were there but there was no screaming or confrontation at this point, this was about 10-15 minutes after I saw vehicles arrive. I turned a corner and saw the area of the protest again, and loud sirens were being used on protestors (this was about 5 minutes later) I continued to hear them from my apartment for a while after. During this time students at the protest were being tear gassed and arrested (seen in the thread.)

While I wasn't at the protest itself, I wanted to give my account of what happened so you can get a sense of how rapidly this escalated. Please listen to the students from my school, keep an eye out for bail funds for those arrested - I will post any that I find. Free Palestine!

[eliks]

Police have begun pepperspraying, fighting, and detaining the peaceful pro-Palestinian student protesters on my campus. If possible, please donate to the RVA bail fund in order to help the arrested students.

https://rvabailfund.org/donate

[paulrosenstein]

871

[goose-sculpture]

Police violence on peaceful protesters on VCU campus right now.

VCU has washed away the chalk protests we've been writing every morning at 8am. They have now called in riot police to assault students sitting in a public space in support of Palestine. It isn't okay. Please keep your ears open for news from VCU. These protestors were NOT violent. What they were were appalled that this genocide is continuing. Nobody deserved to be pepper sprayed, nobody deserved police violence.

[altraviolet]

ALTRAVIOLET, MAKE A TFP SEQUAL

And my LIFE

Is yOURRSSS

(no pressure tho, i saw a post in the Goobers going back i was like 😮👁️👁️)

[I don't know what "i saw a post in the Goobers going back" means... o.o]

hiiiiiiii anon!

lol ok I can see why you say that. and that's the short answer. but it's 5am and I don't want to go to work, so here are some more words about this subject:

I have a lot of thoughts about a sequel, most of them being, "I will not be able to recapture the exact flavor of intense emotional change in Soundwave + slow burn that everyone enjoyed, because SW has already changed and the slow burn is done." SW is in a happy place now. a sequel written in the same vein as the original (with emotional intensity, dire stakes, character growth and intricate connections) would require putting him in a bad place, and him overcoming it, with consequences. and yeah, maybe people would want to read that, but consider: are you sure??? do you know what I could do to him????

lol

I get it, and I would never say never. but if you want a true TEG 2.0, I think it would hurt to read, and it wouldn't have as happy an ending as TEG. however. however. if I think of something beyond "regular adventure they could go on" (which like, I feel like you want something deeper than that), I'll do it. a regular adventure or a series of little slice of life scenes are like. yeah. I could do that. but

a sequel to TEG deserves to be a sequel to TEG, ya know?

but! consider. however. I have started a new Rodimus/Soundwave fic, in a fanon continuity, which means I've made up EVERYTHING about the world. it doesn't rely much on any canon. does that sound appealing at all? ;A; if you happened to be someone who read TEG without reading MTMTE, it'd feel the same: you'd be introduced to the world through the fic. there isn't anything extraneous to it to rely on

that's me practicing moving from fic to original work

I'd really love to be able to write fiction for a living, which is like, a zillion to one chance. but I'm tired of working. I just wanna write. which means: I have to write. which means: I have to use my limited free time to write what's going to get me to my goal. which means: no TEG sequel planned. which means: never say never. but also. I have a lot of other fics. would you like to give them a try? would you give my new fic a try? or do you just want TEG 2.0?

which, if you do, I get it. but hopefully also you get where I'm coming from

ultimately, you wanting more of my writing is a huge compliment, so thank you :) I hope the tone of my reply hasn't felt dismissive or mean or anything. the goal was just to be very truthful, since I'm sure you're not the only one interested in a sequel

as always, no matter what, thanks for reading ✨

[spell-bloom]

DON’T FORGET ABOUT VCU

Richmond police assaulted peaceful students at VCU on Monday April 29th, 2024. The students were granted permission by the university to protest. The protest officially started at 5PM EST outside of the Cabell Library, but several students started as early as 8 AM. They called it the Palestine Liberation Zone. Hundreds of VCU students attended.

The protesters' list of demands from VCU. They were not going to leave until the University acquiesced.

At 8:30 PM EST, Richmond police arrived at the protest in full riot gear. The pallets you see were brought in by the students to protect the tents, and themselves, from police. The University called in the police.

At 9PM, the police were armed with riot shields and formed a wall against the students. Students used pallets, signs, and themselves to press back against officers. Some flung empty water bottles against them. One of the officers used pepper spray against the students. You can see several students in the windows in the library.

Another officer pepper spraying students and setting off a tear gas canister.

RPD are claiming that they did not use tear gas.

The police retreated and the students heckle and cheer in victory.

By 9:12 PM, the students were locked inside the library by police for their safety and to prevent any chemicals from entering the building. Here is a video from a student's POV inside of the Cabell Library.

A student being arrested.

Sanitation workers take away tents and anything that was left behind. Laptops, books and other school materials were thrown away in a dumpster or were destroyed. Several students say that officers were snacking on the food that was left behind.

Past midnight, the organizers told the students to go home. The students in the library were officially let go after 4 hours of being stuck there. 13 arrests were made.

This is the University's response:

Is VCU providing safety to students in the form of riot police, pepper spray and tear gas? Almost all of the protesters were students of VCU, with maybe a handful of non-students joining in, according to a student who attends there. If the campus did not want disruption, they should not have given the green light to students protesting peacefully against genocide.

Here are several videos of the students being 'violent'

Sources: linked on twitter and a friend who attends VCU If any students or witnesses want to give more information, please feel free to comment or contact so I can update the post.

[dorleco]

Domain Controllers in Automotive Applications

November 5, 2024

by dorleco

with no comment

eMOBILITY CONTROLS

Edit

Introduction

In automotive applications, Domain Controllers are a specialized computer that manages a set of vehicle functions within a specific area, or domain. Functional domains that typically need a domain controller require substantial computing power and are connected to numerous input/output (I/O) devices. Examples include active safety, user experience, and body and chassis functions.

Radars, cameras, and other sensors around the car provide inputs to an active safety domain controller, which then uses that data to build a model of the surroundings. Based on what the model indicates, software programs in the domain controller subsequently decide “policy and planning” what the vehicle should do. For instance, based on pre-set regulations, the software may use sensor-generated images to identify a pedestrian who will cross the road and trigger the car to either apply the brakes or warn the driver.

Types of Domain Controllers in Vehicles

According to their functional domain, domain controllers in the automotive sector usually fall into one of several major categories:

Powertrain Domain Controller: In charge of controlling the car’s engine, gearbox, and additional propulsion and power systems. These controllers are essential for maximizing performance, emissions, and fuel economy. Powertrain domain controllers regulate the motor, battery, and energy flow in electric cars.

Chassis and Body Domain Controller: These controllers regulate the vehicle’s body features like door locks, climate control, and lighting as well as its physical dynamics like steering, braking, and suspension. The vehicle’s comfort and safety are enhanced by chassis and body domain controllers.

Active Safety Domain Controller: Made to interpret information from radar, cameras, and sensors to make safety judgments in real-time. This domain controller is crucial for features like adaptive cruise control, automated emergency braking, and lane-keeping because it builds a model of the environment around the car.

Information entertainment and user experience Domain controllers are in charge of the infotainment system, instrument cluster, and other controls that interact with passengers, such as the navigation and climate systems. These controllers facilitate functions that improve the user’s engagement with the car, resulting in a smooth and joyful experience.

Why are Domain Controllers Essential?

Several factors are driving the growing use of domain controller in automobiles:

Complexity Reduction: As cars get more features, there are more electronic control units (ECUs), which makes the wiring system more complex. By combining many ECUs into a single, central controller, domain controllers simplify the wiring harness of the car and increase durability.

Increased Processing Capacity: As automobile technology has developed, cars now need a significant amount of processing power. The power required to manage complicated activities, such as processing radar data for active safety features or operating high-definition graphics for infotainment systems, is provided by domain controllers, which are tuned for certain functions.

Reduced Manufacturing Costs: Automakers can reduce costs related to components, wiring, and software development by reducing the number of ECUs by combining various functions into a single controller. Because fewer ECUs need to be integrated and deployed, domain controllers also expedite the production process.

Software Update Facilitation: Continuous enhancement of vehicle performance and features is made possible by over-the-air (OTA) software upgrades, which are made possible by a centralized controller configuration. As manufacturers remotely send out new features and safety improvements, OTA updates are becoming more and more valuable.

Domain Controllers and the Evolution of E/E Architecture

Because they enable further centralization and standardization of vehicle functions, domain controllers are fundamental to the development of automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. Conventional E/E designs are made up of dispersed ECUs that are each in charge of a certain task and are located throughout the car. But as car technology has developed, this model has grown unwieldy, necessitating a more efficient strategy.

Functions can be organized into discrete domains with domain controller, each of which is controlled by a strong controller. This is a big step toward a centralized computing model, in which almost all vehicle operations are managed by one or more powerful computers. It is anticipated that manufacturers will keep combining domain controller into a single computing platform in the future, which would streamline the design of the car, cut down on wire, and improve processing power.

Smart Vehicle ArchitectureTM (SVA), which aims to create a centralized E/E architecture based on domain controllers and central computer units, is a well-known illustration of this approach. Increased connection, enhanced energy efficiency, and scalable software-driven features — all crucial for electric and driverless cars — are made possible by this strategy.

Key Domains Controlled by Domain Controllers

1. Active Safety

Perhaps the most important component in modern automobiles, particularly those advancing toward greater degrees of autonomy, is the active safety domain controller. A variety of sensors located throughout the car, including as cameras, radars, and LiDAR, provide data to active safety controllers. The controller makes decisions about safety-related activities by using this data to build a model of the vehicle’s environment.

For example, the system may automatically apply the brakes or notify the driver if it detects a pedestrian in the route of the car. Features like adaptive cruise control, blind-spot identification, and lane departure warning depend on this domain controller.

2. User Experience

Domain controller oversee in-cabin amenities like the infotainment system, climate control, and digital instrument clusters in the context of user experience. To provide a seamless user experience, this domain controller works with a variety of input/output devices, including touchscreens, audio systems, and reconfigurable displays.

User experience domain controllers make it possible to seamlessly integrate cell phones, cloud services, and sophisticated voice and gesture controls with the trend toward linked and personalized automobiles. They enable automakers to provide a customized driving experience that can be adjusted to suit each customer’s tastes.

Chassis and body suspension, braking, steering, lighting, and door control are among the structural and motion-related operations managed by the body and chassis domain controller. Because it allows for precise control over the vehicle’s physical characteristics, this domain improves comfort and safety. For example, it can activate adaptive headlight systems that change according to steering angle and speed, or it can modify the suspension according to road conditions to improve ride quality.

The advantages of domain controllers

The following advantages of domain controller make them very appealing to automakers:

Better Performance: Automakers can enhance processing speed and performance by optimizing hardware and software for certain activities through the use of domain-specific controllers.

Cost-effectiveness: By lowering the number of separate ECUs, domain controllers contribute to lower production, wiring, and system integration expenses. Scalability: Due to its capacity to adapt to changing software requirements, domain controllers facilitate the addition of new features and upgrades.

Enhanced Security: As cars become more interconnected, safeguarding data and managing cyber security threats becomes more crucial. This is made possible by fewer, centralized computing nodes.

Challenges and Considerations

Although domain controllers have many benefits, there are drawbacks as well:

High Development Costs: A substantial investment is needed to create domain controllers with adequate processing power and resilience.

Complex Integration: In a vehicle with several systems, it can be difficult for domain controllers to connect across multiple domains with ease.

Heat Management: Domain controllers produce a lot of heat when they perform more computing duties, which calls for sophisticated thermal management solutions.

The Future of Domain Controllers

Domain controllers will play an increasingly important role as the automotive industry moves toward electrified and fully driverless vehicles.

Domain controller will likely be combined into centralized, high-performance computing systems that can handle several domains at once in the upcoming years.

By streamlining the architecture and enabling quicker development cycles, this approach will open the door for “vehicle computers” that manage almost all vehicle tasks. Advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS), AI-driven features, and connected automobile services will all be made possible by such centralized infrastructures.

Domain controllers are a crucial stage in the progression of the automotive industry toward complex E/E architectures. Domain controller contribute to the development of future automobiles by centralizing operations, increasing processing capacity, and facilitating a scalable platform.

Connect with us to learn more about domain controllers and explore our EV software services, including VCUs, CAN Keypads, CAN Displays, and more. For details, contact info@dorleco.com.

[curiouscatalog]

Local Richmond magazine from the 1980s.

From: Boys & Girls Grow Up. Richmond, Va. : Amy Crehore, Tom Campagnoli, 1981-1985.

PN6700.B69

[vcujensen]

Vought-A-Burger pop-up | October 2024

[vansfriend]

Vans Skate Agah VCU, Skate Cab 4 VCU, and the Rowley XLT

[vroomian]

Hana and Yrz are definitely regarded as supernovas. Nobody knows who Kiba (because he’s forgotten more often than not) or Masa is (doesn’t really leave survivors lol). Jeong is known more for being the captain of the sparrow pirates, because they have more control of their temper than the rest of the crew put together, so they don’t get into situations where fighting is necessary.

[chugging-antiseptic-dye]

shadow characteristics of seventeen 🌘:

vcu version I ppu version

jeonghan: loyal

i know all of us like to jokingly tell jeonghan off for cheating in gose but he does that to spice up the atmosphere and make gose fun !! most of the iconic moments are because of his cheating or rule bending and i love him for that 💝 but when not being jeonghan, the trickster member of seventeen, he is a really loyal friend. with the way svt says he is the emotional pillar of the group, i think jeonghan is very ride or die. he is the one who will get drunk with you when you get your heartbroken, the one who will hate the person you hate even without meeting them, the one who will take your secrets to the grave missing jeonghan hours is open T_T

joshua: tense

i feel like joshua is the most relaxed when he is with his loved ones or when he goes home to light a scented candle and listen to soft music. although he is an extrovert, his career can put an internal sort of pressure in him and make him seem a bit tense at times. if you pay attention, when in a public setting, he is always aware of what he says and does. so, yes, the crazy is also somewhat deliberate. impulsiveness and shua doesn't go hand in hand i fear. and that sort of constant awareness can be extremely draining for a person. i hope he gets to unwind and just be joshua when the camera isn't rolling.

woozi: chaotic

woozi loves chaos. he thrives on chaos. he eats it for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. the more dramatic a situation is, the better. just because he, himself, isn't starting the drama in front of the camera doesn't mean that he doesn't egg the others on lmao. hoshi is his one of his best friends for a reason 🤓👆. i bet my whole fortune (2$) that he is more loud and dramatic than we know. and i am talking about scoups level of dramatic. nonchalant? no. ALL THE CHALANT !!

dokyeom: private

all of seventeen are good at keeping their lives private (which i hundred percent support !!) but dokyeom doing it hits me hardest since he is one of the yappers and chronic oversharers of the group i love him sm. even in his daily life, i feel like if he doesn't want to share something, it will never see the light of the day. he will bury it deeper than the mariana trench. i really respect his moving in silence agenda ngl.

seungkwan: silent

seungkwan is a born entertainer 🙌 but he is a lot quieter than we see from the outside. i remember him once saying he really appreciates jeonghan bc he leaves him be. seungkwan has high expectations from himself when it comes to his role as an idol or entertainer. that's why i feel like only once he is alone or with his close people, he lets his metaphorical hair down and just becomes seungkwan, a person i hope he gets to do that everyday.