#Temperature changes

[cylexplastics]

Weathering challenges and solutions for ABS plastics

In the application field of plastic materials, ABS plastics (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) are widely favored for their good processing performance, mechanical properties and surface gloss. However, with the diversification of application environments, the weathering challenges of ABS plastics have become increasingly prominent. This article will explore in depth the challenges faced…

[newsepick]

Study finds how fever promotes increased activity, mitochondrial dam

Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Centre discovered that elevated body temperatures during fevers boost immune cell metabolism and activity but also cause mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, and death in certain T cells. Published in *Science Immunology*, the study highlights how these processes could link chronic inflammation to cancer development. While higher temperatures enhance the immune response to infections, they also risk cell viability, particularly in Th1 cells. The findings suggest that while mild fever can be beneficial, prolonged high temperatures may promote tumorigenesis, providing a clearer understanding of cellular responses to inflammation and temperature changes.

[reasonsforhope]

"A century of gradual reforestation across the American East and Southeast has kept the region cooler than it otherwise would have become, a new study shows.

The pioneering study of progress shows how the last 25 years of accelerated reforestation around the world might significantly pay off in the second half of the 21st century.

Using a variety of calculative methods and estimations based on satellite and temperature data from weather stations, the authors determined that forests in the eastern United States cool the land surface by 1.8 – 3.6°F annually compared to nearby grasslands and croplands, with the strongest effect seen in summer, when cooling amounts to 3.6 – 9°F.

The younger the forest, the more this cooling effect was detected, with forest trees between 20 and 40 years old offering the coolest temperatures underneath.

“The reforestation has been remarkable and we have shown this has translated into the surrounding air temperature,” Mallory Barnes, an environmental scientist at Indiana University who led the research, told The Guardian.

“Moving forward, we need to think about tree planting not just as a way to absorb carbon dioxide but also the cooling effects in adapting for climate change, to help cities be resilient against these very hot temperatures.”

The cooling of the land surface affected the air near ground level as well, with a stepwise reduction in heat linked to reductions in near-surface air temps.

“Analyses of historical land cover and air temperature trends showed that the cooling benefits of reforestation extend across the landscape,” the authors write. “Locations surrounded by reforestation were up to 1.8°F cooler than neighboring locations that did not undergo land cover change, and areas dominated by regrowing forests were associated with cooling temperature trends in much of the Eastern United States.”

By the 1930s, forest cover loss in the eastern states like the Carolinas and Mississippi had stopped, as the descendants of European settlers moved in greater and greater numbers into cities and marginal agricultural land was abandoned.

The Civilian Conservation Corps undertook large replanting efforts of forests that had been cleared, and this is believed to be what is causing the lower average temperatures observed in the study data.

However, the authors note that other causes, like more sophisticated crop irrigation and increases in airborne pollutants that block incoming sunlight, may have also contributed to the lowering of temperatures over time. They also note that tree planting might not always produce this effect, such as in the boreal zone where increases in trees are linked with increases in humidity that way raise average temperatures."

-via Good News Network, February 20, 2024

[nasa]

Confirmed: Summer 2023 Hottest in NASA’s Record

All three months of summer 2023 broke records. July 2023 was the hottest month ever recorded, and the hottest July. June 2023 was the hottest June, and August 2023 was the hottest August.

NASA’s temperature record, GISTEMP, starts in 1880, when consistent, modern recordkeeping became possible. Our record uses millions of measurements of surface temperature from weather stations, ships and ocean buoys, and Antarctic research stations. Other agencies and organizations who keep similar global temperature records find the same pattern of long-term warming.

Global temperatures are rising from increased emissions of greenhouse gasses, like carbon dioxide and methane. Over the last 200 years, humans have raised atmospheric CO2 by nearly 50%, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels.

Drivers of climate change, both natural and human-caused, leave distinct fingerprints. Through observations and modeling, NASA researchers confirm that the current warming is the result of human activities, particularly increased greenhouse gas emissions.

[crazysodomite]

wa...

[llamagoddessofficial]

Why did no one tell me compression socks would change my life

[my-autism-adhd-blog]

Autism and Summer

The Autistic Teacher

[gracien-system]

Hey, everyone living in hot and humid places? We have a tool you might find useful!

This is a calculator from the US government that calculates the wet bulb temperature if you plug in ambient temperature, pressure, and humidity.

If you don't know what the wet bulb temperature is, that's alright, it's not a very well-known term. It's a really simple measurement, though, and it's a useful number to have. It is the temperature that a thermometer would read if its sensor was fully wrapped in wet cotton, and it measures the absolute limit of purely evaporative cooling in given atmospheric conditions.

If the wet bulb temperature is equal to the ambient temperature, do not attempt to cool yourself off with evaporation, and try to minimize sweating as much as possible. In an environment like that, sweat and water can actually heat you up by conducting ambient heat into your core.

Now, let me clarify: you can always cool yourself down if you have access to water that is colder than your body temperature. Pouring that on yourself will wick away heat. But if the wet bulb temperature is equal to ambient, you should dry yourself off immediately after doing so.

If the wet bulb temperature is lower than ambient, though, it means that evaporative cooling is possible. In that case, sweating and getting yourself wet are both helpful.

[eightspringdays]

one of my favorite hc about near is that he just drops fun facts literally out of nowhere and keeps doing whatever he was doing after

near, building a card tower

mello, meters away doing reports

near, unprompted: did you know bees communicate by dancing

mello: what?

near, keeps building the tower in complete silence

mello: what?!

and after a while mello just knows

near, assembling a hot wheels highway: it's almost impossible for opossums to get rabies

mello: good for them

but sometimes is just

near, under a ten storey lego building: praying mantis can change colors to adapt to their environment

mello: wait. like chameleons?

near, already on the eleventh floor, completely silent

mello, side-eyeing rester who just sighs and googles it

[tj-crochets]

Throwback to the first quilt I made for myself! Now, years later and having made a lot more quilts, there are some things I’d change but I still love it

[sapphic-sprite]

It’s been record breaking high temperatures all over the world for the last couple months so I’d like to implore y’all to please check the warnings on your medications. I know personally one of my medications makes me sensitive to natural/artificial sunlight and the other makes me more susceptible to being dehydrated. SSRIs, commonly, can make you heat intolerant. Make sure you are checking the reactions that your medications can have so you don’t end up in the hospital as summer is not over and we will continue to have increasingly high temperatures.

[mapsontheweb]

New Zealand's average monthly temperature anomalies in 2024.

[hetchiew]

Contains: stuffy sniffling that turns into a messy sneezing fit (also, the audio quality is kinda poor; sorry about that!)

Gosh, my nose is so sensitive today🤧

[reasonsforhope]

"As solar panels heat up beyond 25°C, their efficiency decreases markedly. Green roofs moderate rooftop temperatures. So we wanted to find out: could green roofs help with the problem of heat reducing the output of solar panels?

Our research compared a “biosolar” green roof — one that combines a solar system with a green roof — and a comparable conventional roof with an equivalent solar system. We measured the impacts on biodiversity and solar output, as well as how the plants coped with having panels installed above them.

The green roof supported much more biodiversity, as one might expect. By reducing average maximum temperatures by about 8°C, it increased solar generation by as much as 107% during peak periods. And while some plant species outperformed others, the vegetation flourished.

These results show we don’t have to choose between a green roof or a solar roof: we can combine the two and reap double the rewards...

How did the panels affect the plants?

In the open areas, we observed minimal changes in the vegetation cover over the study period compared to the initial planted community.

Plant growth was fastest and healthiest in the areas immediately around the solar panels. Several species doubled in coverage. We selected fast-growing vegetation for this section to achieve full coverage of the green roof beds as soon as possible.

The vegetation changed the most in the areas directly below and surrounding the solar panels. The Baby Sun Rose, Aptenia cordifolia, emerged as the dominant plant. It occupied most of the space beneath and surrounding the solar panels, despite having been planted in relatively low densities.

This was surprising: it was not expected the plants would prefer the shaded areas under the panels to the open areas. This shows that shading by solar panels will not prevent the growth of full and healthy roof gardens.

What were the biodiversity impacts?

We used environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to compare biodiversity on the green roof and conventional roof. Water run-off samples were collected from both roofs and processed on site using portable citizen scientist eDNA sampling equipment to detect traces of DNA shed by the species on the roof.

The eDNA surveys detected a diverse range of species. These included some species (such as algae and fungi) that are not easily detected using other survey methods. The results confirmed the presence of bird species recorded by the cameras but also showed other visiting bird species went undetected by the cameras.

Overall, the green roof supported four times as many species of birds, over seven times as many arthropods such as insects, spiders and millipedes, and twice as many snail and slug species as the conventional roof. There was many times the diversity of microorganisms such as algae and fungi.

Encouragingly, the green roof attracted species unexpected in the city. They included blue-banded bees (Amegilla cingulata) and metallic shield bugs (Scutiphora pedicellata).

How did the green roof alter temperatures?

The green roof reduced surface temperatures by up to 9.63°C for the solar panels and 6.93°C for the roof surfaces. An 8°C reduction in average peak temperature on the green roof would result in substantial heating and cooling energy savings inside the building.

This lowering of temperatures increased the maximum output of the solar panels by 21-107%, depending on the month. Performance modelling indicates an extensive green roof in central Sydney can, on average, produce 4.5% more electricity at any given light level.

These results show we don’t have to choose between a green roof or a solar roof. We can combine them to take advantage of the many benefits of biosolar green roofs.

Biosolar roofs can help get cities to net zero

The next step is to design green roofs and their plantings specifically to enhance biodiversity. Green roofs and other green infrastructure may alter urban wildlife’s activities and could eventually attract non-urban species.

Our green roof also decreased stormwater runoff, removed a range of run-off pollutants and insulated the building from extremes of temperature. A relatively inexpensive system provides all of these services with moderate maintenance and, best of all, zero energy inputs.

Clearly, biosolar green roofs could make major contributions to net-zero cities. And all that’s needed is space that currently has no other use."

-via GoodGoodGood, May 12, 2024

[nando161mando]

A Powerful and Prolonged Heatwave is Affecting Eastern Europe and The Balkans, With Temperatures Reaching Unbearable 42-44°C (~110°F)

[theydjarin]

I feel like we may be going back into an era where companies experiment and actually innovate with technology and i’m kind excited